CN104528894A - 一种非热电弧等离子体裂解高浓度有机废水制合成气装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种非热电弧等离子体裂解高浓度有机废水制合成气装置，包括非热电弧等离子体反应器及给等离子体反应器供电的高压电源；非热电弧等离子体反应器主要包括石英容器、上聚四氟乙烯法兰、下聚四氟乙烯法兰、尖端石墨电极、平底石墨电极、陶瓷坩埚；将高浓度有机废水通过进料通道落入非热电弧等离子体反应器的陶瓷坩埚中，通入载气，启动高压电源，等离子体反应器开始工作；高电压将电极之间的载气击穿电离，形成非热电弧等离子体，处于等离子体区域中的高浓度有机废水，在高能电子、自由基活性物质以及电场的作用下，发生裂解反应，生成富氢合成气。本发明可以根据实际要求完成高浓度有机废水制合成气过程，实现有机废水资源化处理。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及水处理技术，特别是一种非热电弧等离子体裂解高浓度有机废水制合成气装置。
背景技术
工业生产中排放的有机废水种类极其繁多，其中BOD5＞1000mg/l，COD＞2000mg/l的废水通常称为高浓度有机废水。现有高浓度有机废水处理技术有生化法、物理化学、电解法、焚烧等。物理化学法适用于某一类物质的分离，选择性较强，成本高，易造成二次污染。生化法处理周期长，而且生物法处理有毒高浓度有机废水容易造成微生物的大量死亡，降低污水处理效果。用物理、化学、物理化学及生物这四种联合处理技术，高浓度有机废水的去除率一般仅为60-90％。焚烧法需考虑长期稳定运行、炉膛结焦结渣问题及焚烧过程有害物质二恶英的排放等。
发明内容
为解决上述问题，本发明提出一种非热电弧等离子体裂解高浓度有机废水制合成气装置。与传统热解和气化相比，非热电弧等离子体裂解高浓度有机废水具有许多独特的优势，如投资小，运行与维护成本低，升温速率快，可在无氧纯热解的情况下将有机废水裂解为高品质合成气。
本发明为达到以上目的，是通过以下的技术方案来实现的：提供一种非热电弧等离子体裂解高浓度有机废水制合成气装置，包括非热电弧等离子体反应器及给等离子体反应器供电的高压电源；非热电弧等离子体反应器包括石英容器、上聚四氟乙烯法兰、下聚四氟乙烯法兰、不锈钢支架、尖端石墨电极、平底石墨电极、上铜密封圈、下铜密封圈、陶瓷坩埚、进料通道、出气通道；尖端石墨电极和平底石墨电极通过高压电线与高压电源相连接，尖端石墨电极和平底石墨电极同轴置于石英容器内，石英容器通过上聚四氟乙烯法兰、下聚四氟乙烯法兰和不锈钢支架联合固定，平底石墨电极分别通过固定在上聚四氟乙烯法兰上的上铜密封圈固定，尖端石墨电极通过固定在下聚四氟乙烯法兰上的下铜密封圈固定；进料通道与上聚四氟乙烯法兰连接，出气通道与下聚四氟乙烯法兰相连接；底部开口的陶瓷坩埚放置在尖端石墨电极和平底石墨电极之间，用于装载高浓度有机废水，在装置工作时，陶瓷坩埚内的高浓度有机废水将完全暴露在非热电弧等离子体区域中。
本发明所述的非热电弧等离子体裂解高浓度有机废水制合成气装置的工作原理是：将高浓度有机废水通过进料通道落入非热电弧等离子体反应器的陶瓷坩埚中，启动与尖端石墨电极和平底石墨电极相连的高压电源，等离子体反应器开始工作；施加的高电压将电极之间的有机废水击穿电离，形成非热电弧等离子体，处于等离子体区域中的有机废水，在高能电子、自由基等活性物质以及电场的作用下，会发生裂解反应，生成富氢合成气，合成气由出气通道排出。
尖端石墨电极和平底石墨电极间隔要合理选择，过大的电极间隔会导致电压不足以击穿电极间的载气，从而无法形成非热电弧等离子体。另外，由于施加在两极上的电压很高，因此反应器在工作时，要特别注意不要碰触电极，以免触电危险。
本发明可以根据实际要求完成高浓度有机废水制合成气过程，简单、低成本、高效的生产高品质富氢合成气，实现有机废水资源化处理。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图。
图1中：1非热电弧等离子体反应器，2高压电源，3石英容器，4上聚四氟乙烯法兰，5下聚四氟乙烯法兰，6不锈钢支架，7尖端石墨电极，8平底石墨电极，9上铜密封圈，10下铜密封圈，11陶瓷坩埚，12非热电弧等离子体，13生活垃圾，14进料通道，15出气通道。
具体实施方式
实施例
如附图1所示，本发明包括非热电弧等离子体反应器1及给等离子体反应器供电的高压电源2；非热电弧等离子体反应器包括石英容器3、上聚四氟乙烯法兰4、下聚四氟乙烯法兰5、不锈钢支架6、尖端石墨电极7、平底石墨电极8、上铜密封圈9、下铜密封圈10、陶瓷坩埚11、非热电弧等离子体12、生活垃圾13、进料通道14、出气通道15；尖端石墨电极(φ15mm)和平底石墨电极(φ15mm)通过高压电线与高压电源(15kV/30mA)相连接，尖端石墨电极和平底石墨电极同轴置于石英容器(采用石英玻璃管，长500mm，内径30mm)内，电极间隔固定保持在15mm，石英容器通过上聚四氟乙烯法兰、下聚四氟乙烯法兰和不锈钢支架联合固定，平底石墨电极分别通过固定在上聚四氟乙烯法兰上的上铜密封圈固定，尖端石墨电极通过固定在下聚四氟乙烯法兰上的下铜密封圈固定；进料通道与上聚四氟乙烯法兰连接，出气通道与下聚四氟乙烯法兰相连接；底部开口孔径9mm的陶瓷坩埚放置在尖端石墨电极和平底石墨电极之间。
以COD为3600mg/l高浓度苯酚溶液作为高浓度有机废水模拟物，将苯酚溶液通过进料通道落入非热电弧等离子体反应器的陶瓷坩埚中，启动与尖端石墨电极和平底石墨电极相连的高压电源，等离子体反应器开始工作；施加的高电压将电极之间的有机废水击穿电离，形成非热电弧等离子体，处于等离子体区域中的苯酚溶液，在高能电子、自由基等活性物质以及电场的作用下，会发生裂解反应，生成富氢合成气，合成气由出气通道15排出，主要产物包括H2、CO、CO2和CH4，H2和CO体积总含量达到71％以上。
Claims (1)
1.一种非热电弧等离子体裂解高浓度有机废水制合成气装置，其特征是包括：非热电弧等离子体反应器及给等离子体反应器供电的高压电源；非热电弧等离子体反应器包括石英容器、上聚四氟乙烯法兰、下聚四氟乙烯法兰、不锈钢支架、尖端石墨电极、平底石墨电极、上铜密封圈、下铜密封圈、陶瓷坩埚、进料通道、出气通道；尖端石墨电极和平底石墨电极通过高压电线与高压电源相连接，尖端石墨电极和平底石墨电极同轴置于石英容器内，石英容器通过上聚四氟乙烯法兰、下聚四氟乙烯法兰和不锈钢支架联合固定，平底石墨电极分别通过固定在上聚四氟乙烯法兰上的上铜密封圈固定，尖端石墨电极通过固定在下聚四氟乙烯法兰上的下铜密封圈固定；进料通道与上聚四氟乙烯法兰连接，出气通道与下聚四氟乙烯法兰相连接；底部开口的陶瓷坩埚放置在尖端石墨电极和平底石墨电极之间，用于装载高浓度有机废水，在装置工作时，陶瓷坩埚内的高浓度有机废水将完全暴露在非热电弧等离子体区域中。
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| CN1359848A (zh) * | 2000-12-22 | 2002-07-24 | 天津大学 | 常温电晕放电制备纳米碳管的工艺 |
| CN102831945A (zh) * | 2012-08-16 | 2012-12-19 | 中国科学院等离子体物理研究所 | 热等离子体处理低、中水平放射性固体废弃物装置与方法 |
| CN102942950A (zh) * | 2012-11-16 | 2013-02-27 | 中科合成油技术有限公司 | 一种提质重质碳氢化合物生产轻质油品的方法及其等离子体加氢反应器 |
| CN103712973A (zh) * | 2014-01-03 | 2014-04-09 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | 一种在液体阴极辉光放电原子化器中快速形成等离子体的方法 |
| CN103896361A (zh) * | 2014-03-22 | 2014-07-02 | 中国科学院等离子体物理研究所 | 水等离子体炬处理有机废水装置与方法 |
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