CN104522289B - A kind of method that high yield extracts sweet potato - Google Patents
A kind of method that high yield extracts sweet potato Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method that high yield extracts sweet potato, this method is comprised the following steps：1. superfreeze is pre-processed, the 2. preparation of sweet potato ice slag, the 3. preparation of sweet potato juice, 4. centrifugal purification under magnetic fields, 5. film dialysis purification, 6. vacuum freeze drying.Process is simple for the relatively conventional technique of extracting method of sweet potato of the invention, the yield for preparing sweet potato is high, and gained sweet potato purity is high, and preparation condition can gently be obtained the strong sweet potato of activity.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to processing of farm products field, and in particular to a kind of method that high yield extracts sweet potato.
Background technology
Sweet potato is the important crops of China, and the sweet potato cultivated area and yield of current China are at the forefront in the world.Sweet potato
Containing abundant nutritional ingredient in root tuber, wherein, sweet potato is the important nutrient in sweet potato.Storage protein is sweet potato egg
White important component, wherein, the 60%~80% of the content sweet potato total soluble protein of topmost Sporamin.
Sporamin can be divided into Sporamin A (molecular weight 22KDa, isoelectric point 5.2) and Sporamin B again under non reducing conditions
(molecular weight 31KDa, isoelectric point 5.1).Result of study shows that there is sweet potato storing Protein S poramin stronger trypsase to press down
The effect of preparation, can suppress the activity of trypsase.Trypsin inhibitor plays pass in many physiological systems in human body
The regulating and controlling effect of key, is the key factor for maintaining homoiostasis, and with antineoplastic effect.
At present, there is the method for many extraction sweet potatos.China Patent No. is 200810234538 patent of invention
《A kind of extraction sweet potato starch continuous from sweet potato, sweet potato, the technique of dietary fiber》, disclose a kind of sweet potato crude protein
Extraction process, adds Amylase Hydrolysis to remove remaining starch using the filtrate isolated after starch milk, then by ultrafiltration, concentrates,
Dry sweet potato crude protein, the method removes starch using enzymatic isolation method, easily produces starch remaining or the remaining situation of amylase,
Therefore the purity of gained sweet potato crude protein is not high.Granted patent number is the patent of CN200410068964.6《Sweet potato and its
Production technology》Disclose it is a kind of acid extract sweet potato method, the content (60%~90%) of the albumen obtained by the method, especially
It is soluble protein content (40%-70%) it is relatively low.Number of patent application is 201210052356.0 patent of invention《Sweet potato
Albumen thermal precipitator method extraction process》The principle for being denatured precipitation at high temperature using protein extracts protein, and the method extracts behaviour
Make relatively simple, but the method for high-temperature heating can influence the activity of gained protein, especially Sporamin, and then influence it to act on
Effect.Comprehensive existing method, mainly there is two kinds of thinkings, and one kind is extracted using sweet potato fresh goods or dry product, is comprised the following steps：It is sweet
Potato crush → soak → take supernatant → centrifugation → centrifugate alkali carries, acid carry, Solvent Extract methods or denaturation precipitation extract → from
The heart takes solid → drying；Another kind is, using the useless liquid-liquid extraction of starch isolation pulp thickening, to comprise the following steps substantially：Starch is carried
Take waste liquid staticly settle → take supernatant → centrifugation → centrifugate alkali carries, acid carry, Solvent Extract methods → centrifuging and taking solid → dry
It is dry.Often extraction step is various for existing extracting method, and can introduce alkali, acid, amylase, You Jirong more in extraction process
, it is necessary to cumbersome subsequent treatment has removed impurity, heating is carried out to extract solution can cause protein denaturation to inactivate for agent.These treatment
Mode is it is also possible to influence the activity of protein, and then influence the trypsin inhibitor effect of Sporamin.
In addition, often raw material is carried out at simple crushing with pulverizer only in the extraction process of industrial protein
Its leaching liquor is taken after reason, in view of the crushing limit and the size of cell of pulverizer, process sweet potato in this way, it is most of
Sweet potato stem tuber cell membrane and cell membrane can not fully rupture, have substantial portion of cell liquid envelope confine remain in it is discarded
Sweet potato dregs in, largely effect on the yield of sweet potato.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is：A kind of method that operation simply extracts sweet potato, the method are provided
The percentage of damage of the cell membrane of sweet potato stem tuber can be increased, to extract more cell liquid, DNA purity while yield is improved
Sweet potato higher, and in extraction process, without addition acid, alkali, amylase and organic solvent, albumen qualitative change will not be caused
Property deposition, to obtain the strong sweet potato of activity.
In order to solve the above problems, the invention provides a kind of high yield extract sweet potato method, specifically include with
Lower step：
A kind of method that high yield extracts sweet potato, specifically includes following steps：
Step 1 superfreeze is pre-processed：Fresh sweet potato is cut into small pieces after cleaning, and is put into the ultralow temperature of temperature -60~-80 DEG C
Freezed 2-24 hours in freezer；
The preparation of step 2 sweet potato ice slag：The sweet potato block that will be freezed in step 1 pulverizer of 100~200 mesh is in room temperature
Under the conditions of be ground into sweet potato ice slag；
The preparation of step 3 sweet potato juice：Sweet potato ice slag is put into bottom to be provided with the container of spraying high-pressure gas device,
The temperature for adding 3-6 times of sweet potato ice slag weight is 0~40 DEG C of distilled water, with bottom high-pressure gas injection apparatus to being held in container
Continuous injection gases at high pressure, gas injection is stopped after sweet potato ice slag melts completely and is sufficiently mixed with distilled water, and mixed liquor is quiet
Put to supernatant clarification, take supernatant；Again to the steaming that the temperature of 3-6 times of addition sweet potato ice slag weight in container is 0~40 DEG C
Distilled water, with bottom high-pressure gas injection apparatus to sustained firing gases at high pressure in container, treats that sweet potato dregs are thoroughly mixed with distilled water
Afterwards, mixed liquor is stood to supernatant clarification, takes supernatant；Merge gained supernatant twice, obtain final product sweet potato juice；
Centrifugal purification under step 4 magnetic fields：Gained sweet potato juice in step 3 is centrifuged with vertical centrifugal machine,
Sweet potato juice is subject to magnetic fields simultaneously in centrifugal process, and centrifugal force is 2000-5000g, centrifugation time 15-30 minutes,
Centrifuge drive shaft is located on vertical direction, and is rotated clockwise；In centrifugal process, sweet potato juice simultaneously by centrifugal force and
Magnetic field force is acted on, and straight down, magnetic induction intensity is 0.2-0.5T in the magnetic induction line direction in the magnetic field；Stood after centrifugation and treat solid-liquid
Supernatant is taken after separation；
Step 5 film dialysis purification：Gained supernatant vacuum concentration is the 10% of original volume concentrate in step 4, is concentrated
Temperature is less than 45 DEG C, and gained concentrate is dialysed through dialysis membrane, and dialysis membrane specification requirement molecular cut off is dialysed more than 15000
After concentrated, concentrate the concentrate for the 10% of original volume, thickening temperature is less than 45 DEG C；
Step 6 vacuum freeze drying：After the concentrate of step 5 gained is frozen into solid, vacuum freeze drier is placed in
Middle freeze-drying, drying temperature is -25~-20 DEG C, pressure is -0.09~-0.08Mpa, and gained solid is sweet potato.
Further, the cryogenic temperature of the step 1 is -80 DEG C, and cooling time is 5 hours.
Further, the step 2 also includes multigelation crushing process, the i.e. preparation of step 2 sweet potato ice slag：By step
The sweet potato block freezed in 1 is ground into sweet potato ice slag at ambient temperature with the pulverizer of 100~200 mesh；Treat that sweet potato ice slag exists
After melting at room temperature, it is placed again into freezing in the ultra low temperature cool house of temperature -60~-80 DEG C and is taken out after 2~24 hours, uses again
The pulverizer of 100~200 mesh is ground into sweet potato ice slag at ambient temperature, and such multigelation is crushed for several times.
Further, the step 2 also includes water bath with thermostatic control course of defrosting, the i.e. preparation of step 2 sweet potato ice slag：By step
The sweet potato block freezed in 1 is ground into sweet potato ice slag at ambient temperature with the pulverizer of 100~200 mesh；Gained sweet potato ice slag
It is placed in container, 40 DEG C of waters bath with thermostatic control are thawed, it is cold in the ultra low temperature cool house of temperature -60~-80 DEG C after its thawing, is placed again into
Taken out after freezing 2-24 hours, be ground into sweet potato ice slag at ambient temperature with the pulverizer of 100~200 mesh again, so
Multigelation is crushed for several times.
Further, the distilled water water temperature for being added in the step 3 is 40 DEG C, and bottom high-pressure gas injection apparatus spray
Gas be air, spray gas pressure intensity and be 0.02~0.1MPa, the gas injection duration is 6 hours, during standing
Between be 10 hours.
Further, the step 3 also includes ultrasonic assistant extraction process, the i.e. preparation of step 3 sweet potato juice：Will
Sweet potato ice slag is put into bottom and is provided with the container of spraying high-pressure gas device, and the outer wall of container is bonded the transducing of supersonic generator
Device oscillator, the temperature for adding 5 times of sweet potato ice slag weight is 0~40 DEG C of distilled water, opens supersonic generator and bottom high-pressure
Gas injection apparatus, transducer oscillator sends ultrasonic wave to liquid in container, and supersonic frequency 20kHz, power 120W are ultrasonic every time
30 seconds, interval 30 seconds, circulating ultrasonic stopped ultrasound for 8 times afterwards, high to sustained firing in container with bottom high-pressure gas injection apparatus
Calm the anger body, gas injection is stopped after sweet potato ice slag melts completely and is sufficiently mixed with distilled water, mixed liquor is stood to supernatant
Liquid is clarified, and takes supernatant；Again to the distilled water that the temperature of 5 times of addition sweet potato ice slag weight in container is 0~40 DEG C, bottom is used
Spraying high-pressure gas device after sweet potato dregs and distilled water are thoroughly mixed, stands supreme to sustained firing gases at high pressure in container
Clear liquid is clarified, and takes supernatant；Merge gained supernatant twice, obtain final product sweet potato juice.
Further, centrifugal force is 2500g in the step 4, and centrifugation time is 20 minutes, and sweet potato juice had been centrifuged
Acted on by uniform magnetic field in journey, straight down, magnetic induction intensity is 0.33T in magnetic induction line direction.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：The present invention provides a kind of method that operation simply extracts sweet potato, and the method can
To increase the percentage of damage of the cell membrane of sweet potato stem tuber, to extract more cell liquid, yield, DNA purity sweet potato higher are improved
Albumen, while in extraction process, without addition acid, alkali, amylase and organic solvent, protein denaturation will not be caused to deposit,
The sweet potato strong to obtain activity.Specifically：
(1) extracting method of the invention compares conventional method, and the thin of more sweet potato stem tubers can be made in extraction process
After birth ruptures, and so as to collect more cell liquid containing protein, can increase the yield of sweet potato.Step 1 use -60
~-80 DEG C of ultralow temperature carries out freezing pretreatment to sweet potato block, and -60~-80 DEG C of ultralow temperature can cause under cell membrane fluidity
Drop, solid-state is changed into by liquid crystal state, and cell membrane also loses pliability, becomes rigid structure, in this case, cell membrane and cell
Wall easily mechanically damaged or pressure and rupture.In addition, extreme low temperature, can cause the generation of intracellular small ice crystal, this meeting
Cell membrane to having been changed to solid-state produces mechanical damage.Crushed work by carrying out step 2 after the pretreatment of step 1 again,
Compared to normal temperature sweet potato is directly crushed, have more cells and ruptured in crushing process, so in the leaching process of step 3
More cell liquid containing protein can be extracted.Meanwhile, in step 3, sweet potato ice slag is provided with gases at high pressure spray in bottom
In melting process in the container of injection device, the impact force action of the gases at high pressure that base injcction goes out is constantly subjected to, in gas punching
Hit down, also can mutually be collided between sweet potato ice slag, in this process, also have more cell ruptures, more cell liquid
Into in leaching liquor.Sweet potato dregs strenuous exercise in distilled water under the impact of gases at high pressure, increases sweet potato dregs and distilled water
Contact, be also beneficial to the dissolution of protein.Step 1 effectively raises unit mass sweet potato and is extracted to the combination of step 3
The content of protein in sweet potato juice is obtained, the utilization rate of raw material can be improved, improve yield.In preferred scheme, in step 2
The method crushed using multigelation, multigelation cell membrane and cell membrane can repeatedly expand with heat and contract with cold, in this process, have
Part membranolysis, while crushing is repeated, can increase the probability of cell rupture, make the protein in more cell liquid
Depart from the constraint of cell membrane, in dissolving in sweet potato juice in step 3.In another preferred scheme, step 3 takes the short time
Mode addi-tional crusher cell membrane, the cell membrane of low-power interval ultrasound, while auxiliary mixture material, so that it is high to obtain protein content
Sweet potato juice, and then obtain high yield, the sweet potato of high-purity.
(2) extracting method adds the effect in magnetic field during centrifugal purification is carried out to sweet potato juice, improves
The content of protein in centrifugation gained supernatant, so as to improve the yield and purity of final gained sweet potato.Step 4 changes
Traditional centrifugation is become, the effect of magnetic field force has been added in centrifugal process.Removed in the sweet potato juice obtained in step 3
Containing outside sweet potato also containing starch and other insoluble impurities, in centrifugal process, starch and other insoluble impurities
Can precipitate under the influence of centrifugal force, but protein molecule also can be subject to centrifugal forces to centrifuge tube bottom in this process
Portion moves, and especially sticking to the protein on starch can also precipitate with starch.The present invention with the addition of magnetic field in centrifugal process
Effect, the magnetic induction line direction in magnetic field is straight down.Due to playing main function and accounting for the storage protein of predominant amount
The isoelectric point of Sporamin A and Sporamin B is respectively 5.2 and 5.1, and the pH value of the sweet potato juice of step 3 gained is big
In 6, in such a case, sweet potato storing protein molecular is negatively charged, and as centrifuge is rotated, sweet potato molecule drives around centrifuge
Moving axis axis both clockwise is rotated, by along the outside centrifugal force of the radius of gyration, due to the effect in magnetic field, in electronegative protein
Molecule can be acted on by the Lorentz force in magnetic field simultaneously during rotating clockwise, the action direction of suffered Lorentz force with
Centrifugal force suffered by protein molecule is in opposite direction.And starch molecule is not charged, therefore not magnetic field force induced work in this course
With.On the one hand such Lorentz force effect can resist the centrifugal action suffered by protein molecule, prevent it in centrifugal force
Moved to centrifugation bottom of the tube under effect, on the other hand can separate the protein adhered to each other with starch, disengage it from starch
Constraint, be stored in supernatant without being precipitated with starch.Therefore, protein contains in the centrifuged supernatant that this method is obtained
Amount, the especially content of storage protein are higher than the content that common centrifugal process is obtained.
(3) extracting method of the invention does not take heating, alkali, acid, amylase, Solvent Extract methods etc. in whole process
Method extracts protein, and the activity for extracting protein has obtained abundant guarantee, does not interfere with the tryptose of influence Sporamin
Enzyme inhibitor is acted on, and production waste liquid is difficult to pollute environment.Although the mode that interval ultrasound is taken in preferred scheme is aided in brokenly
Broken cell membrane, cell membrane and mixing thing liquid, but based on freezing pretreatment above or multigelation process, sweet potato cell membrane and
The broken difficulty of cell membrane is greatly reduced, thus required ultrasound time and power also greatly reduce, it is this under the conditions of ultrasound
Extraction will not cause obvious influence to protein active.Meanwhile, preparation process subtracts without acid, aqueous slkali and organic solvent fluid
The small influence of preparation process and gained waste liquid to environment.
Specific embodiment
According to following embodiments, the present invention may be better understood.However, as it will be easily appreciated by one skilled in the art that real
Apply the specific material proportion described by example, process conditions and its result be merely to illustrate the present invention without should also without limitation on
The present invention described in detail in claims.Sweet potato used is the same place of production with a batch of receipts in the comparative example of embodiment
Obtain 3 days " 55-2 " sweet potato.Yield, protein active (trypsase inhibiting rate), albumen of each embodiment to gained sweet potato
Matter content (sweet potato purity) and ash content are determined, to identify the quality of gained sweet potato
Protein yields are determined：The percentage of the quality of sweet potato and sweet potato material quality used, i.e.,
Sweet potato determination of activity：The main trypsin inhibitor activity for determining sweet potato Sporamin, uses
The TI activity test methods that Smith recommends, specific method is：Sweet potato aqueous solution 5ml (0.05mg/mL) injection two is taken respectively
In group test tube, add 2mL be preheated to 37 DEG C of trypsase (HCl of 0.001mol/L is configured to the solution of 75 μ g/mL) liquid in
In every test tube, mixed in 37 DEG C of water-baths.Adding 5mL, to be preheated to 37 DEG C of BAPNA solution (molten with appropriate dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)
Xie Hou, with pH 8.2, the solution of the Tris buffers of 0.05mol/L into 0.4mg/mL), 10min is kept in water-bath
Afterwards, 1mL acetic acid terminating reactions are added.Content is filtered, then absorptance is determined in 410nm with spectrophotometer.Do simultaneously
Blank assay, i.e., first add acetic acid to add BAPNA solution, and other steps are ibid.Blank sample is corresponding sky when surveying absorbance
White laboratory sample.Wherein trypsase inhibiting rate is：At the specified experimental conditions, compared with blank assay group, test group is inhaled
The ratio of light value reduction.Inhibiting rate computational methods：
The trypsin inhibitor activity of Sporamin is stronger in inhibiting rate i.e. sweet potato higher obtained by above formula, i.e. institute
The activity for obtaining sweet potato is higher.
Protein content determination：The present invention is used《Chinese Pharmacopoeia》2010 editions B protein determinations of (three) annex VI
Three methods determine protein content.
Ash determination：Protein extract about 1.0g is taken, it is accurately weighed in putting the crucible of ignition to constant weight, it is slowly blazing
To after carbonizing completely, temperature to 600~700 DEG C is gradually risen, make charing and constant weight completely, the ash content left, gained ash content contains
Amount is high-quality protein less than 0.2%.
Loss on drying：This product is taken, 5h, the weight of less loss are dried at 105 DEG C, loss on drying is high-quality protein no more than 1%.
Comparative example 1
The extracting method of control group sweet potato：
Step 1 sweet potato is crushed：Double centner fresh sweet potato is cleaned, and is ground at ambient temperature with the pulverizer of 100 mesh sweet
Mashed potatoes；
The preparation of step 2 sweet potato juice：Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae mud is put into container, 300 kilograms of temperature of addition are 40 DEG C of distillation
Water, stands 16 hours, takes supernatant；Again to the distilled water that 300 kilograms of temperature of addition in container are 40 DEG C, 16 hours are stood,
Take supernatant；Merge gained supernatant twice, obtain final product sweet potato juice；
Step 3 centrifugal purification：Gained sweet potato juice in step 2 is centrifuged with vertical centrifugal machine, the centrifuge
Addition magnetic field reflection unit, centrifugal force is 2500g, and centrifugation time 20 minutes, centrifuge drive shaft is located on vertical direction, and suitable
Hour hands are rotated, and are stood after taking supernatant after separation of solid and liquid after centrifugation；
Step 4 film dialysis purification：Gained supernatant vacuum concentration is the 10% of original volume concentrate in step 3, is concentrated
Temperature is less than 45 DEG C, and gained concentrate is dialysed through dialysis membrane, and dialysis membrane specification requirement molecular cut off is dialysed more than 15000
After concentrated, concentrate the concentrate for the 10% of original volume, thickening temperature is less than 45 DEG C；
Step 5 vacuum freeze drying：After the concentrate of step 4 gained is frozen into solid, vacuum freeze drier is placed in
Middle freeze-drying, drying temperature is -25~-20 DEG C, pressure is -0.09~-0.08Mpa, and gained solid is sweet potato.
Experimental group sweet potato extracting method：
Step 1 superfreeze is pre-processed：The fresh sweet potato of double centner is cut into small pieces after cleaning, and is put into the ultralow of -60 DEG C of temperature
Freezed 2 hours in warm freezer；
The preparation of step 2 sweet potato ice slag：The sweet potato block that will be freezed in step 1 pulverizer of 100 mesh is in room temperature condition
Under be ground into sweet potato ice slag；
The preparation of step 3 sweet potato juice：Sweet potato ice slag is put into bottom to be provided with the container of spraying high-pressure gas device,
The temperature for adding 300 kilograms is 40 DEG C of distilled water, with bottom high-pressure gas injection apparatus to sustained firing high pressure gas in container
Body, sprays gas pressure intensity and is 0.02MPa, and the gas injection duration is 6 hours, stops gas injection and stands 10 hours,
Take supernatant；Again to the distilled water that 300 kilograms of temperature of addition in container are 40 DEG C, with bottom high-pressure gas injection apparatus to appearance
Sustained firing gases at high pressure in device, spray gas pressure intensity and are 0.02MPa, and the gas injection duration is 6 hours, stops spray
Body of emanating stands 10 hours, takes supernatant；Merge gained supernatant twice, obtain final product sweet potato juice；
Centrifugal purification under step 4 magnetic fields：Gained sweet potato juice in step 3 is centrifuged with vertical centrifugal machine,
Sweet potato juice is subject to magnetic fields simultaneously in centrifugal process, and centrifugal force is 2500g, and centrifugation time 20 minutes, centrifuge drives
Moving axis is located on vertical direction, and is rotated clockwise；In centrifugal process, sweet potato juice receives centrifugal force and magnetic field masterpiece simultaneously
With straight down, magnetic induction intensity is 0.33T in the magnetic induction line direction in the magnetic field；Stood after being taken after separation of solid and liquid after centrifugation
Clear liquid；
Step 5 film dialysis purification：Gained supernatant vacuum concentration is the 10% of original volume concentrate in step 4, is concentrated
Temperature 45 C, gained concentrate is dialysed through dialysis membrane, and dialysis membrane specification requirement molecular cut off is dialysed laggard more than 15000
Row concentration, concentrates the concentrate for the 10% of original volume, 45 DEG C of thickening temperature；
Step 6 vacuum freeze drying：After the concentrate of step 5 gained is frozen into solid, vacuum freeze drier is placed in
Middle freeze-drying, drying temperature is -25~-20 DEG C, pressure is -0.09~-0.08Mpa, and gained solid is sweet potato.
Respectively to control group and yield, protein active (trypsase inhibiting rate), the albumen of experimental group gained sweet potato
Matter content and ash content are measured, and acquired results are as follows：
By the above results it can be seen that：Under superfreeze pretreatment of the present invention, the mixing of high-pressure jet auxiliary, magnetic fields
The method of centrifugation can effectively improve the yield and purity of sweet potato, extract the sweet potato of high-quality.
Comparative example 2
The extracting method of control group sweet potato：
Step 1 sweet potato is crushed：Double centner fresh sweet potato is cleaned, and is ground at ambient temperature with the pulverizer of 150 mesh sweet
Mashed potatoes；
The preparation of step 2 sweet potato juice：Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae mud is put into container, 400 kilograms of temperature of addition are 0 DEG C of distillation
Water, stands 16 hours, takes supernatant；Again to the distilled water that 400 kilograms of temperature of addition in container are 0 DEG C, 16 hours are stood, taken
Supernatant；Merge gained supernatant twice, obtain final product sweet potato juice；
Step 3 centrifugal purification：Gained sweet potato juice in step 2 is centrifuged with vertical centrifugal machine, the centrifuge
Addition magnetic field reflection unit, centrifugal force is 2000g, and centrifugation time 15 minutes, centrifuge drive shaft is located on vertical direction, and suitable
Hour hands are rotated, and are stood after taking supernatant after separation of solid and liquid after centrifugation；
Step 4 film dialysis purification：Gained supernatant vacuum concentration is the 10% of original volume concentrate in step 3, is concentrated
Temperature 45 C, gained concentrate is dialysed through dialysis membrane, and dialysis membrane specification requirement molecular cut off is dialysed laggard more than 15000
Row concentration, concentrates the concentrate for the 10% of original volume, 45 DEG C of thickening temperature；
Step 5 heating extraction：Boiling is heated at 120 DEG C of concentrate to boil 10 minutes, flocculent deposit is produced in liquid, stop heating
30 minutes are stood afterwards, by gained liquid centrifuge, centrifugal force 2000g, centrifugation time 15 minutes obtains solids of sedimentation；
Step 6 vacuum freeze drying：After by the solids of sedimentation freezing of gained in step 5, it is placed in vacuum freeze drier
Freeze-drying, drying temperature is -25~-20 DEG C, pressure is -0.09~-0.08Mpa, and gained solid is sweet potato.
Experimental group sweet potato extracting method：
Step 1 superfreeze is pre-processed：The fresh sweet potato of double centner is cut into small pieces after cleaning, and is put into the ultralow of -60 DEG C of temperature
Freezed 24 hours in warm freezer；
The preparation of step 2 sweet potato ice slag：The sweet potato block that will be freezed in step 1 pulverizer of 150 mesh is in room temperature condition
Under be ground into sweet potato ice slag；
The preparation of step 3 sweet potato juice：Sweet potato ice slag is put into bottom to be provided with the container of spraying high-pressure gas device,
The temperature for adding 400 kilograms is 40 DEG C of distilled water, with bottom high-pressure gas injection apparatus to sustained firing high pressure gas in container
Body, sprays gas pressure intensity and is 0.1MPa, and the gas injection duration is 6 hours, stops gas injection and stands 10 hours, takes
Supernatant；Again to the distilled water that 400 kilograms of temperature of addition in container are 40 DEG C, with bottom high-pressure gas injection apparatus to container
Interior sustained firing gases at high pressure, spray gas pressure intensity and are 0.1MPa, and the gas injection duration is 6 hours, stops injection
Gas stands 10 hours, takes supernatant；Merge gained supernatant twice, obtain final product sweet potato juice；
Centrifugal purification under step 4 magnetic fields：Gained sweet potato juice in step 3 is centrifuged with vertical centrifugal machine,
Sweet potato juice is subject to magnetic fields simultaneously in centrifugal process, and centrifugal force is 2000g, and centrifugation time 15 minutes, centrifuge drives
Moving axis is located on vertical direction, and is rotated clockwise；In centrifugal process, sweet potato juice receives centrifugal force and magnetic field masterpiece simultaneously
With straight down, magnetic induction intensity is 0.2T in the magnetic induction line direction in the magnetic field；Stood after taking supernatant after separation of solid and liquid after centrifugation
Liquid；
Step 5 film dialysis purification：Gained supernatant vacuum concentration is the 10% of original volume concentrate in step 4, is concentrated
Temperature 45 C, gained concentrate is dialysed through dialysis membrane, and dialysis membrane specification requirement molecular cut off is dialysed laggard more than 15000
Row concentration, concentrates the concentrate for the 10% of original volume, 45 DEG C of thickening temperature；
Step 6 vacuum freeze drying：After the concentrate of step 5 gained is frozen into solid, vacuum freeze drier is placed in
Middle freeze-drying, drying temperature is -25~-20 DEG C, pressure is -0.09~-0.08Mpa, and gained solid is sweet potato.
Respectively to control group and yield, protein active (trypsase inhibiting rate), the albumen of experimental group gained sweet potato
Matter content and ash content are measured, and acquired results are as follows：
By the above results it can be seen that：Under superfreeze pretreatment of the present invention, the mixing of high-pressure jet auxiliary, magnetic fields
The method of centrifugation can effectively improve the yield and purity of sweet potato, extract the sweet potato of high-quality, while can effectively keep away
Influence of the aqueous extract to protein active, is prepared into activity sweet potato high.
Comparative example 3
The extracting method of control group sweet potato：
Step 1 superfreeze is pre-processed：Fresh sweet potato is cut into small pieces after cleaning, and is put into the ultra low temperature cool house of -80 DEG C of temperature
Middle freezing 5 hours；
The preparation of step 2 sweet potato ice slag：The sweet potato block that will be freezed in step 1 pulverizer of 200 mesh is in room temperature condition
Under be ground into sweet potato ice slag；
The preparation of step 3 sweet potato juice：Sweet potato ice slag is put into bottom to be provided with the container of spraying high-pressure gas device,
The temperature for adding 500 kilograms is 35 DEG C of distilled water, with bottom high-pressure gas injection apparatus to sustained firing high pressure gas in container
Body, sprays gas pressure intensity and is 0.05MPa, and the gas injection duration is 6 hours, stops gas injection and stands 10 hours,
Take supernatant；Again to the distilled water that 500 kilograms of temperature of addition in container are 35 DEG C, with bottom high-pressure gas injection apparatus to appearance
Sustained firing gases at high pressure in device, spray gas pressure intensity and are 0.05MPa, and the gas injection duration is 6 hours, stops spray
Body of emanating stands 10 hours, takes supernatant；Merge gained supernatant twice, obtain final product sweet potato juice；
Centrifugal purification under step 4 magnetic fields：Gained sweet potato juice in step 3 is centrifuged with vertical centrifugal machine,
Sweet potato juice is subject to magnetic fields simultaneously in centrifugal process, and centrifugal force is 5000g, and centrifugation time 15 minutes, centrifuge drives
Moving axis is located on vertical direction, and is rotated clockwise；In centrifugal process, sweet potato juice receives centrifugal force and magnetic field masterpiece simultaneously
With straight down, magnetic induction intensity is 0.5T in the magnetic induction line direction in the magnetic field；Stood after taking supernatant after separation of solid and liquid after centrifugation
Liquid；
Step 5 film dialysis purification：Gained supernatant vacuum concentration is the 10% of original volume concentrate in step 4, is concentrated
Temperature 45 C, gained concentrate is dialysed through dialysis membrane, and dialysis membrane specification requirement molecular cut off is dialysed laggard more than 15000
Row concentration, concentrates the concentrate for the 10% of original volume, 45 DEG C of thickening temperature；
Step 6 vacuum freeze drying：After the concentrate of step 5 gained is frozen into solid, vacuum freeze drier is placed in
Middle freeze-drying, drying temperature is -25~-20 DEG C, pressure is -0.09~-0.08Mpa, and gained solid is sweet potato.
The preparation method of the sweet potato of experimental group 1：
Step 1 superfreeze is pre-processed：Fresh sweet potato is cut into small pieces after cleaning, and is put into the ultra low temperature cool house of -80 DEG C of temperature
Middle freezing 5 hours；
The preparation of step 2 sweet potato ice slag：The sweet potato block that will be freezed in step 1 pulverizer of 200 mesh is in room temperature condition
Under be ground into sweet potato ice slag, after sweet potato ice slag melts at room temperature, be placed again into freezing in the ultra low temperature cool house of -60 DEG C of temperature
Taken out after 5 hours, be ground into sweet potato ice slag, such multigelation powder at ambient temperature with the pulverizer of 200 mesh again
Broken 3 times；
The preparation of step 3 sweet potato juice：Sweet potato ice slag is put into bottom to be provided with the container of spraying high-pressure gas device,
The temperature for adding 500 kilograms is 35 DEG C of distilled water, with bottom high-pressure gas injection apparatus to sustained firing high pressure gas in container
Body, sprays gas pressure intensity and is 0.05MPa, and the gas injection duration is 6 hours, stops gas injection and stands 10 hours,
Take supernatant；Again to the distilled water that 500 kilograms of temperature of addition in container are 35 DEG C, with bottom high-pressure gas injection apparatus to appearance
Sustained firing gases at high pressure in device, spray gas pressure intensity and are 0.05MPa, and the gas injection duration is 6 hours, stops spray
Body of emanating stands 10 hours, takes supernatant；Merge gained supernatant twice, obtain final product sweet potato juice；
Centrifugal purification under step 4 magnetic fields：Gained sweet potato juice in step 3 is centrifuged with vertical centrifugal machine,
Sweet potato juice is subject to magnetic fields simultaneously in centrifugal process, and centrifugal force is 5000g, and centrifugation time 15 minutes, centrifuge drives
Moving axis is located on vertical direction, and is rotated clockwise；In centrifugal process, sweet potato juice receives centrifugal force and magnetic field masterpiece simultaneously
With straight down, magnetic induction intensity is 0.5T in the magnetic induction line direction in the magnetic field；Stood after taking supernatant after separation of solid and liquid after centrifugation
Liquid；
Step 5 film dialysis purification：Gained supernatant vacuum concentration is the 10% of original volume concentrate in step 4, is concentrated
Temperature 45 C, gained concentrate is dialysed through dialysis membrane, and dialysis membrane specification requirement molecular cut off is dialysed laggard more than 15000
Row concentration, concentrates the concentrate for the 10% of original volume, 45 DEG C of thickening temperature；
Step 6 vacuum freeze drying：After the concentrate of step 5 gained is frozen into solid, vacuum freeze drier is placed in
Middle freeze-drying, drying temperature is -25~-20 DEG C, pressure is -0.09~-0.08Mpa, and gained solid is sweet potato.
The preparation method of the sweet potato of experimental group 2：
Step 1 superfreeze is pre-processed：Fresh sweet potato is cut into small pieces after cleaning, and is put into the ultra low temperature cool house of -80 DEG C of temperature
Middle freezing 5 hours；
The preparation of step 2 sweet potato ice slag：The sweet potato block that will be freezed in step 1 pulverizer of 100~200 mesh is in room temperature
Under the conditions of be ground into sweet potato ice slag；Gained sweet potato ice slag is placed in container, and 40 DEG C of waters bath with thermostatic control are thawed, after it melts, again
It is put into freezing in the ultra low temperature cool house of -60 DEG C of temperature to be taken out after 5 hours, again with the pulverizer of 200 mesh general at ambient temperature
It is ground into sweet potato ice slag, and such multigelation is crushed 3 times；
The preparation of step 3 sweet potato juice：Sweet potato ice slag is put into bottom to be provided with the container of spraying high-pressure gas device,
The temperature for adding 500 kilograms is 35 DEG C of distilled water, with bottom high-pressure gas injection apparatus to sustained firing high pressure gas in container
Body, sprays gas pressure intensity and is 0.05MPa, and the gas injection duration is 6 hours, stops gas injection and stands 10 hours,
Take supernatant；Again to the distilled water that 500 kilograms of temperature of addition in container are 35 DEG C, with bottom high-pressure gas injection apparatus to appearance
Sustained firing gases at high pressure in device, spray gas pressure intensity and are 0.05MPa, and the gas injection duration is 6 hours, stops spray
Body of emanating stands 10 hours, takes supernatant；Merge gained supernatant twice, obtain final product sweet potato juice；
Centrifugal purification under step 4 magnetic fields：Gained sweet potato juice in step 3 is centrifuged with vertical centrifugal machine,
Sweet potato juice is subject to magnetic fields simultaneously in centrifugal process, and centrifugal force is 5000g, and centrifugation time 15 minutes, centrifuge drives
Moving axis is located on vertical direction, and is rotated clockwise；In centrifugal process, sweet potato juice receives centrifugal force and magnetic field masterpiece simultaneously
With straight down, magnetic induction intensity is 0.5T in the magnetic induction line direction in the magnetic field；Stood after taking supernatant after separation of solid and liquid after centrifugation
Liquid；
Step 5 film dialysis purification：Gained supernatant vacuum concentration is the 10% of original volume concentrate in step 4, is concentrated
Temperature is less than 45 DEG C, and gained concentrate is dialysed through dialysis membrane, and dialysis membrane specification requirement molecular cut off is dialysed more than 15000
After concentrated, concentrate the concentrate for the 10% of original volume, thickening temperature is less than 45 DEG C；
Step 6 vacuum freeze drying：After the concentrate of step 5 gained is frozen into solid, vacuum freeze drier is placed in
Middle freeze-drying, drying temperature is -25~-20 DEG C, pressure is -0.09~-0.08Mpa, and gained solid is sweet potato.
The preparation method of the sweet potato of experimental group 3：
Step 1 superfreeze is pre-processed：Fresh sweet potato is cut into small pieces after cleaning, and is put into the ultra low temperature cool house of -80 DEG C of temperature
Middle freezing 5 hours；
The preparation of step 2 sweet potato ice slag：The sweet potato block that will be freezed in step 1 pulverizer of 200 mesh is in room temperature condition
Under be ground into sweet potato ice slag, after sweet potato ice slag melts at room temperature, be placed again into freezing in the ultra low temperature cool house of -60 DEG C of temperature
Taken out after 5 hours, be ground into sweet potato ice slag, such multigelation powder at ambient temperature with the pulverizer of 200 mesh again
Broken 3 times；
The preparation of step 3 sweet potato juice：Sweet potato ice slag is put into bottom to be provided with the container of spraying high-pressure gas device,
The outer wall of container is bonded the transducer oscillator of supersonic generator, and the temperature for adding 500 kilograms is 35 DEG C of distilled water, opens super
Sonic generator and bottom high-pressure gas injection apparatus, transducer oscillator send ultrasonic wave, supersonic frequency to liquid in container
20kHz, power 120W, ultrasonic 30 seconds every time, interval 30 seconds, circulating ultrasonic stop ultrasound 8 times afterwards, use bottom high-pressure gas injection
Device sprays gas pressure intensity and is 0.05MPa to sustained firing gases at high pressure in container, and it is small that the gas injection duration is 6
When, stop gas injection and stand 10 hours, take supernatant；Again to the distillation that the temperature of 500 kilograms of addition in container is 35 DEG C
Water, with bottom high-pressure gas injection apparatus to sustained firing gases at high pressure in container, sprays gas pressure intensity and is 0.05MPa, gas
Body injection duration is 6 hours, stops gas injection and stands 10 hours, takes supernatant；Merge gained supernatant twice, i.e.,
Obtain sweet potato juice；
Centrifugal purification under step 4 magnetic fields：Gained sweet potato juice in step 3 is centrifuged with vertical centrifugal machine,
Sweet potato juice is subject to magnetic fields simultaneously in centrifugal process, and centrifugal force is 5000g, and centrifugation time 15 minutes, centrifuge drives
Moving axis is located on vertical direction, and is rotated clockwise；In centrifugal process, sweet potato juice receives centrifugal force and magnetic field masterpiece simultaneously
With straight down, magnetic induction intensity is 0.5T in the magnetic induction line direction in the magnetic field；Stood after taking supernatant after separation of solid and liquid after centrifugation
Liquid；
Step 5 film dialysis purification：Gained supernatant vacuum concentration is the 10% of original volume concentrate in step 4, is concentrated
Temperature is less than 45 DEG C, and gained concentrate is dialysed through dialysis membrane, and dialysis membrane specification requirement molecular cut off is dialysed more than 15000
After concentrated, concentrate the concentrate for the 10% of original volume, thickening temperature is less than 45 DEG C；
Step 6 vacuum freeze drying：After the concentrate of step 5 gained is frozen into solid, vacuum freeze drier is placed in
Middle freeze-drying, drying temperature is -25~-20 DEG C, pressure is -0.09~-0.08Mpa, and gained solid is sweet potato.
Respectively to control group and yield, protein active (trypsase inhibiting rate), the albumen of experimental group gained sweet potato
Matter content and ash content are measured, and acquired results are as follows：
By the above results it can be seen that：Preferred scheme takes multigelation, water bath with thermostatic control multigelation and ultrasonic assistant
The method of extraction can improve sweet potato yield and purity.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of method that high yield extracts sweet potato, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
Step 1 superfreeze is pre-processed：Fresh sweet potato is cut into small pieces after cleaning, and is put into the ultra low temperature cool house of temperature -60~-80 DEG C
Middle freezing 2-24 hours；
The preparation of step 2 sweet potato ice slag：The sweet potato block that will be freezed in step 1 pulverizer of 100~200 mesh is in room temperature condition
Under be ground into sweet potato ice slag；
The preparation of step 3 sweet potato juice：Sweet potato ice slag is put into bottom to be provided with the container of spraying high-pressure gas device, is added
The temperature of 3-6 times of sweet potato ice slag weight is 0~40 DEG C of distilled water, with bottom high-pressure gas injection apparatus to persistently being sprayed in container
Penetrate gases at high pressure, gas injection stopped after sweet potato ice slag melts completely and is sufficiently mixed with distilled water, by mixed liquor stand to
Supernatant is clarified, and takes supernatant；Again to the distilled water that the temperature of 3-6 times of addition sweet potato ice slag weight in container is 0~40 DEG C,
With bottom high-pressure gas injection apparatus to sustained firing gases at high pressure in container, after sweet potato dregs and distilled water are thoroughly mixed, will
Mixed liquor is stood to supernatant clarification, takes supernatant；Merge gained supernatant twice, obtain final product sweet potato juice；
Centrifugal purification under step 4 magnetic fields：Gained sweet potato juice in step 3 is centrifuged with vertical centrifugal machine, sweet potato
Leaching liquor is subject to magnetic fields simultaneously in centrifugal process, and centrifugal force is 2000-5000g, centrifugation time 15-30 minutes, centrifugation
Machine drive shaft is located on vertical direction, and is rotated clockwise；In centrifugal process, sweet potato juice receives centrifugal force and magnetic field simultaneously
Power is acted on, and straight down, magnetic induction intensity is 0.2-0.5T in the magnetic induction line direction in the magnetic field；Stood after centrifugation and treat separation of solid and liquid
After take supernatant；
Step 5 film dialysis purification：Gained supernatant vacuum concentration is the concentrate of the 10% of original volume, thickening temperature in step 4
Less than 45 DEG C, gained concentrate is dialysed through dialysis membrane, and dialysis membrane specification requirement molecular cut off is dialysed laggard more than 15000
Row concentration, concentrates the concentrate for the 10% of original volume, and thickening temperature is less than 45 DEG C；
Step 6 vacuum freeze drying：After the concentrate of step 5 gained is frozen into solid, it is placed in cold in vacuum freeze drier
Lyophilized dry, drying temperature is -25~-20 DEG C, pressure is -0.09~-0.08Mpa, and gained solid is sweet potato.
2. the method that a kind of high yield as claimed in claim 1 extracts sweet potato, it is characterised in that the step 1 it is cold
It is -80 DEG C to freeze temperature, and cooling time is 5 hours.
3. the method that a kind of high yield as claimed in claim 1 extracts sweet potato, it is characterised in that the step 2 is also wrapped
Include multigelation crushing process, the i.e. preparation of step 2 sweet potato ice slag：The sweet potato block that will be freezed in step 1 is with 100~200 mesh
Pulverizer be ground into sweet potato ice slag at ambient temperature；After sweet potato ice slag melts at room temperature, temperature -60 is placed again into
Taken out after being freezed 2~24 hours in~-80 DEG C of ultra low temperature cool house, again with the pulverizer of 100~200 mesh at ambient temperature
Sweet potato ice slag is ground into, such multigelation is crushed for several times.
4. the method that a kind of high yield as claimed in claim 1 extracts sweet potato, it is characterised in that the step 2 is also wrapped
Include water bath with thermostatic control course of defrosting, the i.e. preparation of step 2 sweet potato ice slag：The sweet potato block that will be freezed in step 1 is with 100~200 mesh
Pulverizer be ground into sweet potato ice slag at ambient temperature；Gained sweet potato ice slag is placed in container, and 40 DEG C of waters bath with thermostatic control are thawed, and are treated
After it melts, be placed again into the ultra low temperature cool house of temperature -60~-80 DEG C taking-up after freezing 2-24 hour, again with 100~
The pulverizer of 200 mesh is ground into sweet potato ice slag at ambient temperature, and such multigelation is crushed for several times.
5. the method that a kind of high yield as claimed in claim 1 extracts sweet potato, it is characterised in that add in the step 3
The distilled water water temperature for entering is 40 DEG C, and the gas that bottom high-pressure gas injection apparatus spray is air, sprays gas pressure intensity equal
It is 0.02~0.1MPa, the gas injection duration is 6 hours, and time of repose is 10 hours.
6. the method that a kind of high yield as claimed in claim 1 extracts sweet potato, it is characterised in that the step 3 is also wrapped
Include ultrasonic assistant extraction process, the i.e. preparation of step 3 sweet potato juice：Sweet potato ice slag is put into bottom and is provided with gases at high pressure spray
In the container of injection device, the outer wall of container is bonded the transducer oscillator of supersonic generator, adds the temperature of 5 times of sweet potato ice slag weight
The distilled water for 0~40 DEG C is spent, supersonic generator and bottom high-pressure gas injection apparatus are opened, transducer oscillator is in container
Liquid sends ultrasonic wave, supersonic frequency 20kHz, power 120W, every time ultrasound 30 seconds, interval 30 seconds, stops after circulating ultrasonic 8 times
Ultrasound, with bottom high-pressure gas injection apparatus to sustained firing gases at high pressure in container, treat sweet potato ice slag melt completely and with steaming
Distilled water stops gas injection after being sufficiently mixed, and mixed liquor is stood to supernatant clarification, takes supernatant；Added in container again
The temperature of 5 times of sweet potato ice slag weight is 0~40 DEG C of distilled water, with bottom high-pressure gas injection apparatus to sustained firing in container
Gases at high pressure, after sweet potato dregs and distilled water are thoroughly mixed, stand to supernatant clarification, take supernatant；Merge on gained twice
Clear liquid, obtains final product sweet potato juice.
7. it is as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that a kind of method that high yield extracts sweet potato, in the step 4 from
Mental and physical efforts are 2500g, and centrifugation time is 20 minutes, and sweet potato juice is acted in centrifugal process by uniform magnetic field, magnetic induction line direction
Straight down, magnetic induction intensity is 0.33T.
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