CN104511234A - Clean emission system and method for fluidized bed boiler - Google Patents

Clean emission system and method for fluidized bed boiler Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104511234A
CN104511234A CN201410766181.9A CN201410766181A CN104511234A CN 104511234 A CN104511234 A CN 104511234A CN 201410766181 A CN201410766181 A CN 201410766181A CN 104511234 A CN104511234 A CN 104511234A
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scr
gas
flue gas
gas baffle
fluidized
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CN104511234B (en
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王鹏利
高洪培
王海涛
张世鑫
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Huaneng Clean Energy Research Institute
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters

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Abstract

A clean emission method for a fluidized bed boiler. A first desulphurization is conducted in a dense-phase zone in the fluidized bed boiler; a first denitration based on SNCR is conducted in an outlet of the hearth; the flue gas subjected to the first desulfurization and first denitration in the furnace is subjected to dust removal, heating and secondary denitration based on SCR; and the flue gas subjected to the secondary denitration is sent into a desulfurization system for secondary desulfurization. The invention also provides a corresponding system, which uses an SNCR+SCR combined denitrification mode, and an inside and outside desulfurization mode. Through precise control on parameters of combustion optimization technology and environmental protection system, the NOx and SO2 emission meets the gas turbine emissions standards in key areas of Emission standard of air pollutants for thermal power plants GB13223-2011. The invention has the advantages of high denitration efficiency, high desulfurization efficiency, high system reliability, strong condition compatibility, good controllability of NOx and SO2 emission, long operation cycle and low operating cost.

Description

A kind of clean exhaust system for fluidized-bed combustion boiler and method
Technical field
The invention belongs to boiler environmental technology field, particularly a kind of clean exhaust system for fluidized-bed combustion boiler and method.
Background technology
Technology of Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler is the high-efficiency low-pollution clean burning branch art developed rapidly in recent ten years, has that fuel tolerance is wide, efficiency of combustion is high, high-efficiency desulfurization, nitrogen oxide (NO x) discharge the advantages such as low, combustion intensity is high, furnace cross-sectional area is little, load regulation range is large, Load Regulation is fast, be easy to realize ash comprehensive utilization, fuel pretreatment system is simple, coal supply point is few.Therefore this technology all obtains business application widely in fields such as station boiler, Industrial Boiler and offal treatment utilizations.
Operating experience shows, the NO of CFBB xdischarge value is substantially at 400mg/m 3below.CFBB NO xdischarge and be lowly due to following two reasons: one is low-temperature burning, and the nitrogen now in air generally can not generate NO x; Two is sectional combustions, suppresses the nitrogen in fuel to be converted into NO x, and make the NO that part has generated xreduced.
To SO in " thermal power plant's air pollution emission standard " (GB13223-2003) 2and NO xemission limit be respectively 400mg/m 3, 450mg/m 3.For CFBB, only need to carry out desulfuration in furnace and can make SO 2discharge, NO xemission compliance, therefore original Circulating Fluidized Bed Boilers does not arrange denitrification apparatus substantially.After " thermal power plant's air pollution emission standard " (GB13223-2011) implements, to SO 2and NO xemission limit all reduce to 100mg/m 3, cause existing equipment condition substantially cannot meet environmental requirement.
The denitration technology being applied to boiler at present is mainly divided into combustion control technology and gas denitrifying technology.Combustion control technology comprises: CFB boiler combustion technology, Researched of Air Staging Combustion Burning Pulverized Coal, fuel-staged combustion, flue gas recirculation, low NO technology, burning optimization; Gas denitrifying technology mainly comprises: SCR (SCR technology), SNCR (SNCR method), SNCR+SCR.Be applied to the mainly combustion control technology of CFBB at present.
The advantage of SCR is: denitration efficiency high (70 ~ 90%), technology maturation, and domestic application is many; Shortcoming is: cost of investment high (needing catalyst, cost to be more than 3 times of SNCR), operating cost higher (reducing agent, catalyst), mounting means to boiler structure change large, afterbody easily stains, burn into is applicable to newly-built coal dust unit.
The advantage of SNCR is: floor space little (being arranged on boiler body), cost of investment low (cost is 1/4 ~ 1/3 of SCR), operating cost lower (0.003 ~ 0.004 yuan/kWh), installation and operation are comparatively easy, technology maturation; Adaptation parameter, load, coal varitation are fast; Contribute to reducing average unit cost, not catalysis increases sulfur trioxide (SO 3), do not cause blocking or the corrosion of back-end surfaces, air preheater; Be specially adapted to CFB unit and old unit denitration transformation; Shortcoming is: denitration efficiency is not high enough, comparatively SCR is slightly high for amount of ammonia slip.
The feature of SNCR+SCR: denitration efficiency high (40 ~ 80%), cost of investment is lower slightly, operating cost is lower slightly (reducing agent, a small amount of catalyst), amount of ammonia slip is low, the reaction volume that significantly can reduce SCR.The ammonia of escaping can, with the SCR system in flue gas flow direction downstream, make its utilization rate reactivity more complete.Reducing agent can use urea to replace more dangerous liquefied ammonia.Shortcoming is: fluidized-bed combustion boiler application experience is less, also there is the problems such as the SCR catalyst life-span is short simultaneously.
Be applied to the desulfur technology mainly desulfuration in furnace of fluidized-bed combustion boiler at present, flue gas desulfurization is mainly used in coal-powder boiler.Fluidized-bed combustion boiler can by SO by adding desulfurizing agent (lime stone, carbide slag etc.) in stove 2discharge value controls to reduced levels, but under new environmental protection standard, and existing desulfuration in furnace device exists inadequate, less economical, the desulfurization of exerting oneself and is difficult to the problems such as up to standard.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the shortcoming of above-mentioned prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of clean exhaust system for fluidized-bed combustion boiler and method, this system has native system and has that denitration efficiency is high, desulfuration efficiency is high, system reliability is high, adaptability for working condition is strong, NO x, SO 2the advantages such as discharge controllability is good, the cycle of operation is long, operating cost is low, can make existing fluidized-bed combustion boiler meet " thermal power plant's air pollution emission standard " (GB13223-2011).
To achieve these goals, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
For a clean emission method for fluidized-bed combustion boiler, wherein:
Once desulfurization in stove is carried out at fluidized-bed combustion boiler emulsion zone;
A denitration based on SNCR is carried out at furnace outlet;
Heat up after flue gas after once desulfurization in stove and a denitration carries out dedusting secondary denitration again that carry out based on SCR;
Flue gas after secondary denitration is sent into desulphurization system and is carried out secondary desulfuration.
Present invention also offers a kind of clean exhaust system for fluidized-bed combustion boiler, comprise the desulfuration in furnace device 14 being arranged in fluidized-bed combustion boiler emulsion zone and the SNCR device 12 being arranged in burner hearth 13 outlet, it is characterized in that, described SNCR device 12 exports and connects separator 11, the flue gas going out separator 11 is divided into two-way successively after superheater 10 and economizer 9, one tunnel is directly accessed SCR device 5 and on pipeline, is provided with gas baffle 1, SCR device 5 is accessed in another road after air preheater 16 and deduster 18, and SCR device 5 and the connecting line of deduster 18 are provided with gas baffle 2 19, the exhanst gas outlet of SCR device 5 is connected with the smoke inlet of desulphurization system 1 and on connecting line, is provided with air-introduced machine 22 and booster fan 25, SCR device 5 and the connecting line of air-introduced machine 22 are provided with gas baffle 3 21, air-introduced machine 22 and the connecting line of booster fan 25 are provided with gas baffle 4 24, the flue gas going out desulphurization system 1 drains into chimney, clean flue gas generator 7 is set in addition, the outlet of clean flue gas generator 7 is divided into two-way, one tunnel is connected to SCR device entrance and arranges gas baffle 76, one tunnel is connected to the exhanst gas outlet of desulphurization system 1 and arranges gas baffle 62.
Be connected with air compartment 15 bottom described burner hearth 13, boiler back end ductwork connects the pressure fan 17 that promising boiler provides air distribution.
Described SCR device 5 has been arranged in parallel SCR bypass 20, SCR bypass 20 and has been connected between gas baffle 2 19 and gas baffle 3 21, and described SCR bypass 20, gas baffle 2 19 and gas baffle three move back switching for the throwing realizing SCR device 5; Described desulphurization system 1 has been arranged in parallel desulphurization system bypass 23, desulphurization system bypass 23 is arranged between gas baffle 4 24 and gas baffle 53, and described desulphurization system bypass 23, gas baffle 4 24 and gas baffle 53 move back switching for the throwing realizing desulphurization system 1.
Described SNCR device 12 is arranged in 800 ~ 1050 DEG C of regions that burner hearth 13 exports.
Described desulfuration in furnace device 14 is arranged in the bottom emulsion zone of burner hearth 13.
Described clean flue gas generator 7 adopts natural gas or fuel oil as fuel, for promoting the entrance flue gas temperature of SCR device 5, for middle high temperature catalyst provides working environment; And for promoting the exit gas temperature of desulphurization system 1, to ensure the diffusivity of flue gas.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1) SCR device described in native system is arranged in the exit region of deduster, and flue dust is less, and catalyst operating environment is better, and life cycle is long.
2) the clean flue gas generator that native system is arranged can promote SCR device entrance flue gas temperature, for middle high temperature catalyst provides working environment; Also desulphurization system exit gas temperature can be promoted, to ensure that flue gas has higher diffusivity.
3) native system adopts SNCR+SCR: denitration efficiency high (40 ~ 80%), cost of investment is lower slightly, operating cost is lower slightly (reducing agent, a small amount of catalyst), amount of ammonia slip is low, the reaction volume that significantly can reduce SCR.The ammonia of escaping can, with the SCR system in flue gas flow direction downstream, make its utilization rate reactivity more complete, and reducing agent can use urea to replace more dangerous liquefied ammonia.
4) native system adopts desulfuration in furnace to combine with external desulfurzation mode, and existing desulphurization system still can use, and when coming into operation, external desulfurzation plant running expense is lower, SO simultaneously 2discharge can be effectively controlled.
In sum, native system has native system and has that denitration efficiency is high, desulfuration efficiency is high, system reliability is high, adaptability for working condition is strong, NO x, SO 2the advantages such as discharge controllability is good, the cycle of operation is long, operating cost is low.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present invention for the clean exhaust system of fluidized-bed combustion boiler.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
A kind of clean emission method for fluidized-bed combustion boiler of the present invention, realizes mainly through following process procedure:
Once desulfurization in stove is carried out at fluidized-bed combustion boiler emulsion zone;
A denitration based on SNCR is carried out at furnace outlet;
Heat up after flue gas after once desulfurization in stove and a denitration carries out dedusting secondary denitration again that carry out based on SCR;
Flue gas after secondary denitration is sent into desulphurization system and is carried out secondary desulfuration.
In order to realize said method, and effectively adapt to various different actual condition, present invention also offers a kind of clean exhaust system for fluidized-bed combustion boiler, as shown in Figure 1, comprise the desulfuration in furnace device 14 being arranged in fluidized-bed combustion boiler emulsion zone, desulfuration in furnace device 14 is positioned at the bottom of burner hearth 13, is connected with air compartment 15 bottom burner hearth 13, and pressure fan 17 air feed delivers to air compartment 15 after being arranged in air preheater 16 preheating in back-end ductwork.SNCR device 12 is arranged in 800 ~ 1050 DEG C of regions that burner hearth 13 exports.
The exhanst gas outlet of SNCR device 12 connects separator 11, the flue gas going out separator 11 is divided into two-way successively after superheater 10 and economizer 9, one tunnel is directly accessed SCR device 5 and on pipeline, is provided with gas baffle 1, and gas baffle 1 is for regulating the inlet flue gas temperature of SCR device 5.SCR device 5 is accessed in another road after air preheater 16 and deduster 18, and SCR device 5 and the connecting line of deduster 18 are provided with gas baffle 2 19, the exhanst gas outlet of SCR device 5 is connected with the smoke inlet of desulphurization system 1 and on connecting line, is provided with air-introduced machine 22 and booster fan 25, SCR device 5 and the connecting line of air-introduced machine 22 are provided with gas baffle 3 21, air-introduced machine 22 and the connecting line of booster fan 25 are provided with gas baffle 4 24.
For adapting to different operating mode, SCR device 5 has been arranged in parallel SCR bypass 20, SCR bypass 20 and has been connected between gas baffle 2 19 and gas baffle 3 21, and SCR bypass 20, gas baffle 2 19 and gas baffle three move back switching for the throwing realizing SCR device 5; Desulphurization system 1 has been arranged in parallel desulphurization system bypass 23, and desulphurization system bypass 23 is arranged between gas baffle 4 24 and gas baffle 53, and desulphurization system bypass 23, gas baffle 4 24 and gas baffle 53 move back switching for the throwing realizing desulphurization system 1.
The flue gas going out desulphurization system 1 drains into chimney; Arrange clean flue gas generator 7 in addition, outlet is divided into two-way, and a road is connected to SCR device entrance and arranges gas baffle 76, and a road is connected to desulphurization system and exports and arrange gas baffle 62.Clean flue gas generator 7 adopts natural gas or fuel oil as fuel, for promoting the entrance flue gas temperature of SCR device 5, for middle high temperature catalyst provides working environment; And for promoting the exit gas temperature of desulphurization system 1, to ensure the diffusivity of flue gas.
Operation principle of the present invention is:
Fuel burns in CFBB, and desulfurizing agent is fed by the desulfurizer 14 in boiler emulsion zone stove, carries out once desulfurization in stove; When combustion product gases flow to the outlet of burner hearth 13, carry out a denitration by SNCR device 12, slough most of NO x; After desulfuration in furnace and a denitration, flue gas arrives SCR device 5 through superheater 10, economizer 9, air preheater 16, deduster 18, and flue gas carries out secondary denitration in SCR device 5, reaches NO xoperating mode up to standard; Flue gas enters desulphurization system 1 and carries out secondary desulfuration afterwards, reaches SO 2operating mode up to standard; Clean flue gas finally drains into air by chimney 4.
Because native system SCR device 5 is arranged in deduster 18 exit region, flue dust is less, and catalyst operating environment is better, so catalyst life cycle is long, operating cost reduces; Clean flue gas generator 7 can promote SCR device 5 entrance flue gas temperature, for middle high temperature catalyst provides working environment; Also desulphurization system 1 exit gas temperature can be promoted, to ensure that flue gas has higher diffusivity; Adopt SNCR+SCR to combine denitration mode, denitration efficiency high (40 ~ 80%), cost of investment is lower slightly, operating cost is lower slightly (reducing agent, a small amount of catalyst), amount of ammonia slip is low, the reaction volume that significantly can reduce SCR.The ammonia of escaping can, with the SCR system in flue gas flow direction downstream, make its utilization rate reactivity more complete, and reducing agent can use urea to replace more dangerous liquefied ammonia; Adopt desulfuration in furnace to combine with external desulfurzation mode, existing desulphurization system still can use, and when coming into operation, external desulfurzation plant running expense is lower, SO simultaneously 2discharge can be effectively controlled.
Under nominal situation, close SCR by-pass damper 20, desulphurization system bypass 23, gas baffle 76, gas baffle 62, open gas baffle 1, gas baffle 2 19, gas baffle 3 21, gas baffle 4 24, gas baffle 53, SCR entrance flue gas temperature is regulated by gas baffle 1, as used low temperature catalyst, even gas baffle 1 can be closed;
Large or the SO of dust content 2when emission request is higher, close SCR by-pass damper 20, desulphurization system bypass 23, gas baffle 1, open gas baffle 76, gas baffle 62, gas baffle 2 19, gas baffle 3 21, gas baffle 4 24, gas baffle 53, regulate SCR entrance flue gas temperature by gas baffle 76;
When desulfuration in furnace, SNCR denitration can reach discharge index, open SCR by-pass damper 20, desulphurization system bypass 23, close gas baffle 2 19, gas baffle 3 21, gas baffle 4 24, gas baffle 53, flue gas up to standard directly passes through smoke stack emission; As after desulfuration in furnace, SNCR only desulfurization or denitration up to standard, then corresponding excision desulphurization system 1 or SCR5 run, with economize energy;
By adjustment desulfuration in furnace, SNCR denitration efficiency, the conveniently adjusted desulfuration in furnace of native system, denitration and external desulfurzation, denitration ratio, to reach the highest optimum operating condition of whole system comprehensive energy efficiency.
Thus, native system has that denitration efficiency is high, desulfuration efficiency is high, system reliability is high, adaptability for working condition is strong, NO x, SO 2the advantages such as discharge controllability is good, the cycle of operation is long, operating cost is low.
Above an example of the present invention has been described in detail, but content being only preferred embodiment of the present invention, can not thinking for limiting practical range of the present invention.All changes and improvement etc. made according to the present patent application scope, all should still belong within protection covering scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1., for a clean emission method for fluidized-bed combustion boiler, it is characterized in that:
Once desulfurization in stove is carried out at fluidized-bed combustion boiler emulsion zone;
A denitration based on SNCR is carried out at furnace outlet;
Heat up after flue gas after once desulfurization in stove and a denitration carries out dedusting secondary denitration again that carry out based on SCR;
Flue gas after secondary denitration is sent into desulphurization system and is carried out secondary desulfuration.
2. the clean exhaust system for fluidized-bed combustion boiler, comprise the desulfuration in furnace device (14) that is arranged in fluidized-bed combustion boiler emulsion zone and be arranged in the SNCR device (12) that burner hearth (13) exports, it is characterized in that, described SNCR device (12) outlet connects separator (11), the flue gas going out separator (11) is divided into two-way successively after superheater (10) and economizer (9), one tunnel is directly accessed SCR device (5) and on pipeline, is provided with gas baffle one (8), SCR device (5) is accessed in another road after air preheater (16) and deduster (18), and SCR device (5) and the connecting line of deduster (18) are provided with gas baffle two (19), the exhanst gas outlet of SCR device (5) is connected with the smoke inlet of desulphurization system (1) and on connecting line, is provided with air-introduced machine (22) and booster fan (25), SCR device (5) and the connecting line of air-introduced machine (22) are provided with gas baffle three (21), air-introduced machine (22) and the connecting line of booster fan (25) are provided with gas baffle four (24), the flue gas going out desulphurization system (1) drains into chimney, clean flue gas generator (7) is set in addition, the outlet of clean flue gas generator (7) is divided into two-way, one tunnel is connected to SCR device entrance and arranges gas baffle seven (6), one tunnel is connected to the exhanst gas outlet of desulphurization system (1) and arranges gas baffle six (2).
3. according to claim 2 for the clean exhaust system of fluidized-bed combustion boiler, it is characterized in that, described burner hearth (13) bottom is connected with air compartment (15), and boiler back end ductwork connects the pressure fan (17) that promising boiler provides air distribution.
4. according to claim 2 for the clean exhaust system of fluidized-bed combustion boiler, it is characterized in that, described SCR device (5) has been arranged in parallel SCR bypass (20), SCR bypass (20) is connected between gas baffle two (19) and gas baffle three (21), and described SCR bypass (20), gas baffle two (19) and gas baffle three (21) move back switching for the throwing realizing SCR device (5); Described desulphurization system (1) has been arranged in parallel desulphurization system bypass (23), desulphurization system bypass (23) is arranged between gas baffle four (24) and gas baffle five (3), and described desulphurization system bypass (23), gas baffle four (24) and gas baffle five (3) move back switching for the throwing realizing desulphurization system (1).
5. according to claim 2 for the clean exhaust system of fluidized-bed combustion boiler, it is characterized in that, described SNCR device (12) is arranged in 800 ~ 1050 DEG C of regions that burner hearth (13) exports.
6. according to claim 2 for the clean exhaust system of fluidized-bed combustion boiler, it is characterized in that, described desulfuration in furnace device (14) is arranged in the bottom of burner hearth (13).
7. according to claim 2 for the clean exhaust system of fluidized-bed combustion boiler, it is characterized in that, described clean flue gas generator (7) adopts natural gas or fuel oil as fuel, for promoting the entrance flue gas temperature of SCR device (5), for middle high temperature catalyst provides working environment; And for promoting the exit gas temperature of desulphurization system (1), to ensure the diffusivity of flue gas.
CN201410766181.9A 2014-12-11 2014-12-11 A kind of clean exhaust system for fluidized-bed combustion boiler and method Active CN104511234B (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109737413A (en) * 2019-01-09 2019-05-10 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 A kind of high-efficiency low-pollution fire grate garbage boiler and flue gas purification system

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CN103263828A (en) * 2013-05-20 2013-08-28 上海绿澄环保科技有限公司 Fume gas denitration system of coal-fired boiler based on SNCR (Selective Non-catalytic Reduction) and SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) combination method
CN203810391U (en) * 2014-03-24 2014-09-03 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 Novel ultra-low emission power generation system by burning low-calorific value fuel
CN204395745U (en) * 2014-12-11 2015-06-17 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 A kind of clean exhaust system for fluidized-bed combustion boiler

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010021974A2 (en) * 2008-08-22 2010-02-25 Alstom Technology Ltd Modeling and control optimization system for integrated fluidized bed combustion process and air pollution control system
CN103263828A (en) * 2013-05-20 2013-08-28 上海绿澄环保科技有限公司 Fume gas denitration system of coal-fired boiler based on SNCR (Selective Non-catalytic Reduction) and SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) combination method
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109737413A (en) * 2019-01-09 2019-05-10 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 A kind of high-efficiency low-pollution fire grate garbage boiler and flue gas purification system

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