CN104505905A - Single-charged and series-discharged lithium battery pack - Google Patents
Single-charged and series-discharged lithium battery pack Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种独立充电串联放电的锂电池组，包括充电电源模块和至少一个独立电池节点；所述充电电源模块与独立电池节点电性连接，为其提供稳定的充电电压；所述独立电池节点的充电正极端和充电负极端并联连接，放电正极端和放电负极端串联连接。本发明独立充电串联放电的锂电池组在充电时可确保每个电芯都能充满，且不易出现过充的问题；在放电时可根据电芯自身电压决定是否需要对外输出电流，从而确保每个电芯电量的充分利用；此外，本发明还可实现不同特性不同容量的充电电芯混用。本发明具有电芯利用率高、使用寿命长等优点。
The invention discloses a lithium battery pack independently charged and discharged in series, comprising a charging power module and at least one independent battery node; the charging power module is electrically connected to the independent battery node to provide a stable charging voltage; the independent The charging positive terminal and the charging negative terminal of the battery node are connected in parallel, and the discharging positive terminal and the discharging negative terminal are connected in series. The lithium battery pack independently charged and discharged in series in the present invention can ensure that each battery cell can be fully charged during charging, and is not prone to the problem of overcharging; when discharging, it can be determined whether to output current according to the voltage of the battery cell itself, so as to ensure that each cell can be fully charged. In addition, the present invention can also realize the mixed use of rechargeable batteries with different characteristics and different capacities. The invention has the advantages of high cell utilization rate, long service life and the like.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于锂电池技术领域，特别涉及一种独立充电串联放电的锂电池组。The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium batteries, in particular to a lithium battery pack independently charged and discharged in series.
背景技术Background technique
锂电池应用范围较广，社会各行各业中对于锂电池组使用量较大。目前，锂电池组充电时主要采用串联充电方式，充电过程中普遍存在充电不均衡问题，只有部分电芯能充满，其余电芯则处于充不满状态，直接影响了电池组的实际容量；放电时，由于电芯的不一致性，会导致一部分电芯先放光电量，而其他电芯仍存有部分电量，但是电池管理系统检测到某个电芯欠压时会直接关断放电开关，停止对外放电，电池组中那些仍存留的电量得不到充分的利用；而且，串联充电串联放电的电池组很难实现不同类型不同容量的电芯混用，这影响了电芯的利用率，造成不必要的资源浪费。因此，改变锂电池组的充放电工作方式，对于提高电芯的利用率，延长电池组的使用寿命具有积极的促进作用。Lithium batteries have a wide range of applications, and lithium battery packs are used in a large amount in all walks of life in society. At present, lithium battery packs are mainly charged in series, and there is generally a problem of unbalanced charging during the charging process. Only some of the cells can be fully charged, and the rest of the cells are not fully charged, which directly affects the actual capacity of the battery pack; , due to the inconsistency of the cells, it will cause some cells to discharge light first, while other cells still have some power. However, when the battery management system detects that a cell is undervoltage, it will directly turn off the discharge switch and stop external charging. Discharge, the remaining power in the battery pack cannot be fully utilized; moreover, it is difficult to realize the mixed use of different types of batteries with different capacities for battery packs that are charged in series and discharged in series, which affects the utilization rate of the batteries and causes unnecessary waste of resources. Therefore, changing the charging and discharging working mode of the lithium battery pack has a positive effect on improving the utilization rate of the battery cell and prolonging the service life of the battery pack.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明要解决的技术问题是，提供一种独立充电串联放电的锂电池组，该锂电池组可实现电芯的独立充电，确保每个电芯都能充满，且不易出现过充的问题，在放电时采用串联放电工作方式，并且可根据电芯自身电压决定是否需要对外输出电流，确保每个电芯电量的充分利用。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a lithium battery pack that can be independently charged and discharged in series. The lithium battery pack can realize the independent charging of the battery cells, ensure that each battery cell can be fully charged, and the problem of overcharging is not easy to occur. When discharging, it adopts the working mode of series discharge, and can decide whether to output current according to the voltage of the cell itself, so as to ensure the full utilization of the power of each cell.
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明所采用的技术方案是：一种独立充电串联放电的锂电池组，包括充电电源模块和至少一个独立电池节点；所述充电电源模块与独立电池节点电性连接，为其提供稳定的充电电压；所述独立电池节点的充电正极端和充电负极端并联连接，放电正极端和放电负极端串联连接；In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a lithium battery pack independently charged and discharged in series, including a charging power module and at least one independent battery node; the charging power module is electrically connected to the independent battery node, Provide a stable charging voltage for it; the charging positive terminal and the charging negative terminal of the independent battery node are connected in parallel, and the discharging positive terminal and the discharging negative terminal are connected in series;
所述独立电池节点包括充电电芯、独立充电模块、放电控制模块、充电保护电路以及放电旁路电路；所述独立充电模块与充电电芯电性连接，用以对电芯进行充电，所述独立充电模块内设置有隔离电路，用以阻隔各独立电池节点之间的逆充；所述充电保护电路与独立充电模块连接，用以检测独立充电模块的工作状态；所述放电控制模块与充电保护电路电性连接，用以控制放电电流的通断；所述放电旁路电路与放电控制模块电性连接，用以电芯欠压时，放电电流分流用。The independent battery node includes a charging cell, an independent charging module, a discharge control module, a charging protection circuit, and a discharge bypass circuit; the independent charging module is electrically connected to the charging cell to charge the cell, and the An isolation circuit is provided in the independent charging module to block reverse charging between independent battery nodes; the charging protection circuit is connected to the independent charging module to detect the working status of the independent charging module; the discharging control module is connected to the charging The protection circuit is electrically connected to control the on-off of the discharge current; the discharge bypass circuit is electrically connected to the discharge control module and used for shunting the discharge current when the battery cell is undervoltage.
本发明锂电池组还包括电压测量模块、电流测量模块、总放电开关、微控制器，所述电压测量模块与所述独立电池节点连接，用于将独立电池节点的节点输出电压放大滤波后送至微控制器；所述电流测量模块用于测量独立电池节点的电流信号；所述微控制器与总放电开关连接，用于控制总放电开关的通断。The lithium battery pack of the present invention also includes a voltage measurement module, a current measurement module, a total discharge switch, and a microcontroller. The voltage measurement module is connected to the independent battery node, and is used to amplify and filter the node output voltage of the independent battery node before sending to the microcontroller; the current measurement module is used to measure the current signal of the independent battery node; the microcontroller is connected to the main discharge switch, and is used to control the on-off of the main discharge switch.
所述充电电源模块为普通开关电源或线性稳压电源。The charging power supply module is an ordinary switching power supply or a linear regulated power supply.
所述充电保护电路和隔离电路可设于独立充电模块内部，或设于独立充电模块外部。The charging protection circuit and isolation circuit can be set inside or outside the independent charging module.
所述放电控制模块为控制集成电路(IC)或微处理器(MCU)，其内包含有升压模块、放电开关及欠压检测模块。The discharge control module is a control integrated circuit (IC) or a microprocessor (MCU), which includes a boost module, a discharge switch and an undervoltage detection module.
所述隔离电路可为二极管或金属-氧化层-半导体-场效晶体管(简称金氧半场效晶体管，MOSFET)等不同形式的同功能的电子组件。The isolation circuit can be a diode or a metal-oxide-semiconductor-field-effect transistor (referred to as a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor, MOSFET) and other electronic components with the same function in different forms.
与现有技术相比，本发明独立充电串联放电的锂电池组可将一个或多个相同或不相同特性的充电电芯进行充、放电作业，而各独立电池节点之间以并联方式充电，以串联方式放电，通过充电保护电路可以确保充电电源接入时放电回路是断开的，达到独立电池节点之间充电相互独立的目的；独立电池节点是否放电主要取决于自身的电压；电池欠压时，由放电控制模块将电池放电回路切断，外部放电流从放电旁路电路中流过，从而达到欠压保护的目的；本发明独立充电串联放电的锂电池组在充电时可确保每个电芯都能充满，且不易出现过充的问题；在放电时可根据电芯自身电压决定是否需要对外输出电流，从而确保每个电芯电量的充分利用；此外，本发明还可实现不同特性不同容量的充电电芯混用。Compared with the prior art, the lithium battery pack independently charged and discharged in series in the present invention can charge and discharge one or more rechargeable cells with the same or different characteristics, and each independent battery node is charged in parallel, Discharge in series, and the charging protection circuit can ensure that the discharge circuit is disconnected when the charging power supply is connected, so as to achieve the purpose of independent charging between independent battery nodes; whether the independent battery nodes discharge depends mainly on their own voltage; battery undervoltage When charging, the battery discharge circuit is cut off by the discharge control module, and the external discharge current flows through the discharge bypass circuit, so as to achieve the purpose of undervoltage protection; the lithium battery pack independently charged and discharged in series in the present invention can ensure that each battery cell It can be fully charged, and the problem of overcharging is not easy to occur; when discharging, it can be determined whether to output current according to the voltage of the cell itself, so as to ensure the full use of the power of each cell; in addition, the present invention can also realize different characteristics and different capacities. Mixed rechargeable batteries.
本发明具有电芯利用率高、使用寿命长等优点。The invention has the advantages of high cell utilization rate, long service life and the like.
附图说明Description of drawings
下面通过参考附图并结合实例具体地描述本发明，本发明的优点和实现方式将会更加明显，其中附图所示内容仅用于对本发明的解释说明，而不构成对本发明的任何意义上的限制，在附图中：The advantages and implementation methods of the present invention will be more obvious by referring to the accompanying drawings and describing the present invention in conjunction with examples below, wherein the content shown in the accompanying drawings is only used for explaining the present invention, and does not constitute any sense of the present invention The constraints, in the attached image:
图1是本发明独立充电串联放电电池组的第一实施例结构示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the first embodiment of an independently charged series-discharged battery pack of the present invention;
图2是本发明独立充电串联放电电池组中独立电池节点的结构示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of an independent battery node in an independently charged series-discharged battery pack of the present invention;
图3是本发明独立充电串联放电电池组第二实施例结构示意图；Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the second embodiment of the independently charged series-discharged battery pack of the present invention;
图中：In the picture:
1、充电电芯 2、放电控制模块 3、放电旁路电路1. Rechargeable cell 2. Discharge control module 3. Discharge bypass circuit
4、独立充电模块 5、独立电池节点 6、充电电源模块4. Independent charging module 5. Independent battery node 6. Charging power supply module
7、隔离电路 8、充电正极端 9、充电负极端7. Isolation circuit 8. Charging positive terminal 9. Charging negative terminal
10、放电正极端 11、放电负极端 12、充电保护电路10. Discharge positive terminal 11. Discharge negative terminal 12. Charging protection circuit
13、电压测量模块 14、微控制器 15、PC机13. Voltage measurement module 14. Microcontroller 15. PC
16、总放电开关 17、电流测量模块16. General discharge switch 17. Current measurement module
具体实施方式Detailed ways
实施例一：Embodiment one:
如图1和图2所示，本实施例一种独立充电串联放电的锂电池组，可将多个相同或不相同特性充电电芯混合使用，该电池组包括充电电源模块6和若干个独立电池节点5；所述充电电源模块6与独立电池节点5电性连接，为其提供稳定的充电电压；所述独立电池节点5的充电正极端8和充电负极端9并联连接，放电正极端10和放电负极端11串联连接；所述独立电池节点5包括充电电芯1、独立充电模块4、放电控制模块2、充电保护电路12以及放电旁路电路3；所述独立充电模块4与充电电芯1电性连接，用以对电芯进行充电，所述独立充电模块4内设置有隔离电路7，用以阻隔各独立电池节点5之间的逆充；所述充电保护电路12与独立充电模块4连接，用以检测独立充电模块4的工作状态；所述放电控制模块2与充电保护电路12电性连接，用以控制放电电流的通断；所述放电旁路电路3与放电控制模块2电性连接，用以电芯欠压时，放电电流分流用；所述充电电源模块为线性稳压电源；所述充电保护电路和隔离电路均设置于独立充电模块内部；所述放电控制模块为控制集成电路，其内包含有升压模块、放电开关及欠压检测模块；所述隔离电路为金属-氧化层-半导体-场效晶体管(简称金氧半场效晶体管，MOSFET)。As shown in Figures 1 and 2, this embodiment is a lithium battery pack that is independently charged and discharged in series, and can use multiple rechargeable cells with the same or different characteristics. The battery pack includes a charging power supply module 6 and several independent The battery node 5; the charging power supply module 6 is electrically connected to the independent battery node 5 to provide a stable charging voltage; the charging positive terminal 8 and the charging negative terminal 9 of the independent battery node 5 are connected in parallel, and the discharging positive terminal 10 It is connected in series with the discharge negative terminal 11; the independent battery node 5 includes a charging cell 1, an independent charging module 4, a discharge control module 2, a charging protection circuit 12 and a discharge bypass circuit 3; the independent charging module 4 is connected to the charging battery The core 1 is electrically connected to charge the battery core. The independent charging module 4 is provided with an isolation circuit 7 to block reverse charging between the independent battery nodes 5; the charging protection circuit 12 is connected to the independent charging The module 4 is connected to detect the working state of the independent charging module 4; the discharge control module 2 is electrically connected to the charging protection circuit 12 to control the on-off of the discharge current; the discharge bypass circuit 3 is connected to the discharge control module 2 Electrically connected, used to shunt the discharge current when the battery cell is undervoltage; the charging power supply module is a linear regulated power supply; the charging protection circuit and isolation circuit are set inside the independent charging module; the discharge control module In order to control the integrated circuit, it includes a boost module, a discharge switch and an undervoltage detection module; the isolation circuit is a metal-oxide-semiconductor-field-effect transistor (referred to as a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor, MOSFET).
独立充电模块4为充电电芯1独立充电，通过独立充电模块4内设置的隔离电路7，用以阻隔独立电池节点5之间电源的逆充，充电保护电路12与独立充电模块4电性连接，在充电时给放电控制模块2发出一触发信号，致使其断开放电回路；通过放电控制模块2控制充电电芯1对外放电电流的通断，同时可接收充电保护电路12的控制信号，独立充电模块4工作时即断开，充电电芯1欠压时，放电回路也断开。放电旁路电路3与充电电芯1电性连接，当充电电芯1发生欠压时，放电回路断开，充电电芯1从放电回路中切除，放电电流从放电旁路电路3流过，开关电源模块6与独立电池节点5电性连接，提供稳定的充电电压；独立充电模块4的输出正极端和负极端分别与充电电芯1的正极端和负极端相连接，以此达到独立充电的目的。The independent charging module 4 independently charges the rechargeable cell 1. The isolation circuit 7 provided in the independent charging module 4 is used to block the reverse charging of the power supply between the independent battery nodes 5. The charging protection circuit 12 is electrically connected to the independent charging module 4. , when charging, send a trigger signal to the discharge control module 2, causing it to disconnect the discharge circuit; through the discharge control module 2, control the on-off of the external discharge current of the charging cell 1, and at the same time receive the control signal of the charging protection circuit 12, independent The charging module 4 is disconnected when it is working, and the discharge circuit is also disconnected when the charging cell 1 is undervoltage. The discharge bypass circuit 3 is electrically connected to the charging cell 1. When the charging cell 1 is undervoltage, the discharge circuit is disconnected, the charging cell 1 is cut off from the discharge circuit, and the discharge current flows through the discharge bypass circuit 3. The switching power supply module 6 is electrically connected to the independent battery node 5 to provide a stable charging voltage; the positive and negative terminals of the output of the independent charging module 4 are respectively connected to the positive and negative terminals of the charging cell 1 to achieve independent charging the goal of.
实施例二：Embodiment two:
图3所示为本发明第二实施例结构示意图，本实施例一种独立充电串联放电的锂电池组，包括充电电源模块6和若干个独立电池节点5，还包括电压测量模块13、电流测量模块17、总放电开关16、微控制器14，所述电压测量模块13与所述独立电池节点5连接，用于将独立电池节点5的节点输出电压放大滤波后送至微控制器14；所述电流测量模块17用于测量独立电池节点5的电流信号；所述微控制器14与总放电开关16连接，用于控制总放电开关16的通断；余同实施例一。Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the second embodiment of the present invention, a lithium battery pack independently charged and discharged in series in this embodiment, including a charging power supply module 6 and several independent battery nodes 5, and also includes a voltage measuring module 13, a current measuring Module 17, total discharge switch 16, microcontroller 14, the voltage measurement module 13 is connected to the independent battery node 5, and is used to amplify and filter the node output voltage of the independent battery node 5 and send it to the microcontroller 14; The current measurement module 17 is used to measure the current signal of the independent battery node 5; the microcontroller 14 is connected to the main discharge switch 16 to control the on-off of the main discharge switch 16; the rest is the same as the first embodiment.
各独立电池节点5的节点输出电压经电压测量模块13放大滤波后送至微控制器14，微控制器内部的ADC模块将各独立节点5的输出电压转化为各充电电芯1的电芯电压，结合从电流测量模块17获得电流信号，从而计算出电池组的剩余电量。微控制器14将电芯电压、电流和电量等信号整合，得出整个电池组的运行状态，进而控制放电开关16的通断；此外，电池组运行状态信息可经RS232接口送到PC机15，以便通过上位机软件查看电池组状态。The node output voltage of each independent battery node 5 is amplified and filtered by the voltage measurement module 13 and sent to the microcontroller 14, and the ADC module inside the microcontroller converts the output voltage of each independent node 5 into the cell voltage of each charging cell 1 , combined with the current signal obtained from the current measurement module 17, so as to calculate the remaining power of the battery pack. Microcontroller 14 integrates signals such as cell voltage, current, and power to obtain the operating state of the entire battery pack, and then controls the on-off of the discharge switch 16; in addition, the operating state information of the battery pack can be sent to the PC 15 through the RS232 interface , in order to view the status of the battery pack through the PC software.
综上所述，本发明独立充电串联放电的锂电池组将一个或多个相同特性或不相同特性的独立电池节点5以并联方式相互连结设置，每个模块都设有独立充电模块4，用以为可充电池1进行独立充电，其中隔离电路7可以防止独立电池节点间的逆充；以及透过各独立电池节点1所设之放电控制模块2可自行管理其放电控制机制，达到可将一个或多个以上相同特性或不相同特性的独立电池节点5同时进行充、放电作业。To sum up, in the lithium battery pack independently charged and discharged in series in the present invention, one or more independent battery nodes 5 with the same characteristics or different characteristics are connected in parallel to each other, and each module is provided with an independent charging module 4. To charge the rechargeable battery 1 independently, wherein the isolation circuit 7 can prevent reverse charging between the independent battery nodes; and through the discharge control module 2 set on each independent battery node 1, it can manage its discharge control mechanism by itself, so that a Or a plurality of independent battery nodes 5 with the same characteristics or different characteristics above perform charging and discharging operations at the same time.
以上对本发明的实施例进行了详细说明，但所述内容仅为本发明的较佳实施例，不能被认为用于限定本发明的实施范围。凡依本发明范围所作的均等变化与改进等，均应仍归属于本专利涵盖范围之内。The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but the content described is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and cannot be considered as limiting the implementation scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and improvements made according to the scope of the present invention should still belong to the scope of this patent.
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