CN104504360B - Ancient pottery and porcelain automatic authentication method - Google Patents
Ancient pottery and porcelain automatic authentication method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104504360B CN104504360B CN201410503938.5A CN201410503938A CN104504360B CN 104504360 B CN104504360 B CN 104504360B CN 201410503938 A CN201410503938 A CN 201410503938A CN 104504360 B CN104504360 B CN 104504360B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
- G06V20/00—Scenes; Scene-specific elements
- G06V20/60—Type of objects
- G06V20/69—Microscopic objects, e.g. biological cells or cellular parts
- G06V20/698—Matching; Classification
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F18/00—Pattern recognition
- G06F18/20—Analysing
- G06F18/22—Matching criteria, e.g. proximity measures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
- G06V20/00—Scenes; Scene-specific elements
- G06V20/80—Recognising image objects characterised by unique random patterns
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of ancient pottery and porcelain automatic authentication methods, and the method includes registration and certification two benches；Registration phase includes step：A) for ancient pottery and porcelain to be registered, Image Acquisition point is chosen from its surface；B) image of selected point is taken one by one；C) acquired image is stored to system background, as the foundation for forming ceramic identity card；D) unique number of electronic ID card is generated for ancient pottery and porcelain；Authentication phase includes step：E) for ancient pottery and porcelain to be certified, according to its registration gained identity unique number, query image acquires point；F) image of inquiry gained point is taken one by one, and is matched with acquired image when registering；G) the point images match acquired when whether the image obtained from the point of ancient pottery and porcelain surface to be certified can all be registered with it is checked.The ancient pottery and porcelain automatic authentication method of the present invention, can it is quick, accurate, lossless, be achieved at low cost discriminating be authenticated to ancient pottery and porcelain.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical fields of ceramics identification, it is more particularly related to which a kind of known based on biological characteristic
Other ceramics automatic authentication method.
Background technology
Ancient pottery and porcelain is the product that ancient times mankind's activity carries over, and is the research movable geological material of human history, has
Important reserve value and archaeological significance.Currently, due to many reasons, ancient pottery and porcelain market fakement is full of, true and false difficulty is distinguished.It is how fast
It is fast, lossless, discern the false from the genuine at low cost be ancient pottery and porcelain identification field urgent need to resolve the problem of.
Ancient pottery and porcelain identification mainly has four sport tasks, is evident, disconnected kilneye, periodically generation, evaluation of estimate respectively.Wherein, it distinguishes
The true and false is the top priority of ancient pottery and porcelain identification, is the basis of follow-up three tasks.In general, the side of the ancient pottery and porcelain true and false is identified
Method mainly has two major classes.One kind is the conventional identification method based on expertise, is that assessor identifies practice in long-term antiques
In, according to the personal experience accumulated, by soon, sense organs, the row that implements are differentiated such as hand is touched, ear is listened, nose is heard
For process.Conventional wisdom identification advantage in terms of the culture background of identification ancient pottery and porcelain is very prominent, is mainly manifested in：First, side
Just, fast；Second, the medical humanistic property of ancient pottery and porcelain can be made and more accurately judge, the production of such as identified implements
Epoch, kilneye, device shape, glaze colours, decorative pattern and its historical cultural environment, aesthetics value, scientific and technological technique value and market economy
Value.But since the sense organ of people is there is born limitation, these direct experiences and indirect experience itself are also just difficult
Exempt from there are inaccurate, not comprehensive, even full of prunes situation, operative error easily occurs in Conventional wisdom identification method.
Another kind of is the scientific and technological identification method identified ancient pottery and porcelain by modern means of science and technology.Such methods pass through analysis
The chemical composition of identified implements, obtains qualification result.The expert's conclusion of such method is objective and accurate not by interference from human factor
Really, represent the direction of research and development from now on.Specifically, the advantage of ancient pottery and porcelain science and technology identification method essentially consists in：First, it can
Natural quality to being accredited implements makes objective, accurate quantitative analysis and judgement；Second, application range is more comprehensive and wide
It is general；Third is conducive to establish unified professional standard.But long-term identification practice is it is proved that scientific and technological identification method also has
Its limitation, is in particular in：First, evaluation apparatus it is bulky, expensive；Second, but to need to establish it is accurate, can
Lean on, completely, the huge database of system supports；Third can not judge the medical humanistic property of ancient pottery and porcelain；4th,
Certain test patterns damaged, can destroy the integrality of ancient pottery and porcelain；5th, cost of expert testimony is high, and most collectors are difficult to hold
By；6th, it cannot be widely used in social market, popularization is poor.
Therefore, the either Conventional wisdom identification method still scientific and technological identification method based on chemical composition analysis, cannot all build
A set of quick, accurate, lossless, inexpensive ancient pottery and porcelain true and false identification system.In order to fast and efficiently grasp the basic category of ceramics
Property, such as the true and false, kilneye, epoch, ancient pottery and porcelain identification field are that ceramic making is identified using the lifelong effective policy of primary identification
Certificate records ceramic qualification result.Ceramic testimonial can be rated as ceramic " identity card ", generally be issued by Ceramics Majors appraisal organization.
Currently, the method based on assay certificate, can easily determine the ancient pottery and porcelain true and false, the ancient pottery and porcelain that is widely used identifies field.But it should
Class method equally exists fatal disadvantage.First, ceramic assay certificate managerial confusion.Secondly, ceramic assay certificate is easy puppet
It makes.The public trust that these disadvantages result in ceramic assay certificate is relatively limited.
The present invention is directed to the shortcomings that ceramic assay certificate is easy to forge, and living things feature recognition is used to build safety for ancient pottery and porcelain
Property strong electronic ID card, realize and the automated validation of ancient pottery and porcelain identified.Living things feature recognition be using people physiological characteristic or
Behavioural characteristic, to carry out the identification of personal identification.Similarly, since the influence of the factors such as raw material, technique, Conservation environment, ancient pottery and porcelain
Itself also has unique, not reproducible feature, such as bubble.Therefore, by living things feature recognition, ancient pottery and porcelain sheet is utilized
The specific characteristic of body generates its electronic ID card, have be not easy to forget, anti-counterfeiting performance is good, be not easy to forge or it is stolen, with oneself " take
Band " and the advantages that can use whenever and wherever possible.
Invention content
In order to solve above-mentioned technical problem in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of ancient pottery and porcelains to recognize automatically
Card method.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem and goal of the invention of the invention is realized, the present invention provides following technical schemes：
A kind of ancient pottery and porcelain automatic authentication method, it is characterised in that：The method includes registration and two big stages of certification；Its
In,
Registration phase includes the following steps：A) for ancient pottery and porcelain to be registered, several Image Acquisition are chosen from its surface
Point；B) ancient pottery and porcelain surface is taken to select the image of point one by one using electron microscope；C) acquired image storage is arrived
System background, as the foundation for forming ceramic identity card；D) unique number of electronic ID card is generated to the ancient pottery and porcelain；
Authentication phase includes the following steps：E) ancient pottery and porcelain to be certified is looked into according to its registration gained identity unique number
Ask Image Acquisition point；F) take the image of inquiry gained point one by one using electron microscope, and with acquired figure when registration
As matching；G) it is acquired when whether the image that inspection is obtained from the point of ancient pottery and porcelain surface to be certified can all be registered with it
Point images match.If it is, showing that ancient pottery and porcelain to be certified and registration antique pottery are same；Otherwise, not same.
Wherein, the registration phase is to give the process that ancient pottery and porcelain generates electronics " identity card ", ancient pottery and porcelain to be registered
For by the genuine piece of authoritative institution or expert appraisal.
Wherein, the authentication phase is that the process of " identity " is verified to antique pottery to be certified, and ancient pottery and porcelain to be certified should have
Electronics " identity card ".
Wherein, described image acquisition point is scattered in the abundant region of ancient pottery and porcelain surface texture, and Image Acquisition point
Quantity is no less than 5.
Wherein, in stepb, the amplification factor of the electron microscope is 100~500.
Wherein, in stepb, described image collection point bit image should be clear, and uniform illumination.
Wherein, in step e, described image acquisition point is that ancient pottery and porcelain to be certified determines in registration phase step a)
Point.
Preferably, two images are calculated in the step f matched steps are as follows：
F1) for picking up from the two images of same point, using accelerating robust feature (Speeded Up Robust
Features, SURF) find matching point set；
F2 image alignment operation) does it using Principle of Affine Transformation according to the matching point set between the two images；
F3) two images after the alignment are cut, retain the overlapping region of two images, leave out not overlapping portion
Point；
F4) for the two images after the cutting, extraction local binary patterns (LocalBinaryPattern, LBP)
Feature；
F5) for the local binary patterns feature of the two images, using between chi-square distance calculation two images feature
Distance；
F6) according to the value d for calculating gained chi-Square measure, differentiate whether the two images match.
It is further preferred that in step f2, described image alignment operation utilizes matching score highest three between two images
To match point, affine transformation matrix is calculated；
It is further preferred that in step f3, it is described to leave out not lap, refer to by not overlapping region partial pixel point
Pixel value set to 0；
It is further preferred that in step f6, it is described to differentiate that the whether matched foundation of two images is chi-Square measure d
Value whether be less than threshold value T, even d≤T, then successful match；Otherwise, it matches unsuccessful.
Preferably, the value of threshold value T is determined as 10 using the method for statistics.
Compared with prior art, ancient pottery and porcelain automatic authentication method of the present invention has the advantages that：
Automatic authentication method of the present invention can be that ancient pottery and porcelain generates the extremely strong electronic ID card of safety, have and hold
The characteristics of easily using, being not easy to forge.
Description of the drawings
The two width ancient pottery and porcelain surface images that the electron microscopic that it is 100 with amplification factor that Fig. 1, which is diagrammatically illustrated, is shot.
Fig. 2 diagrammatically illustrates the overview flow chart of the ancient pottery and porcelain automatic authentication method of the present invention.
Fig. 3 diagrammatically illustrates the flow chart of the ancient pottery and porcelain detailed information figure matching algorithm of the present invention.
Fig. 4 diagrammatically illustrates the present invention using the matching point set between accelerating robust feature searching two images.
Fig. 5 diagrammatically illustrates two width ancient pottery and porcelain detailed information figures after present invention alignment is cut.
Fig. 6 diagrammatically illustrates the local binary patterns feature of two width ancient pottery and porcelain detailed information figures after cutting shown in Fig. 5.
Specific implementation mode
To the purpose of the present invention and function be illustrated and for realizing these purposes by reference to exemplary embodiment below
With the method for function.However, the present invention is not limited to exemplary embodiment as disclosed below；Can by different form come
It is realized.The essence of specification is only to aid in the detail of the various equivalent modifications Integrated Understanding present invention.
Hereinafter, the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.In the accompanying drawings, identical reference numeral represents identical
Or similar component or same or like step.
Embodiment 1
Ancient pottery and porcelain automatic authentication method described in the present embodiment, using living things feature recognition as theoretical foundation, certainly with ancient pottery and porcelain
The unique information of body is characterized, and the electronic ID card for being not easy to forge is generated for ancient pottery and porcelain.This method can be used for building quick, high
Effect, ceramic Verification System precisely, inexpensive.Its core concept is：Allow computer using the detailed information of ancient pottery and porcelain itself come
Certification differentiates its true or false.It is influenced by factors such as material, technique, firing environment, Conservation environments, ancient pottery and porcelain surface details information
Composition have height random.The two width ancient pottery and porcelains that the electron microscopic that it is 100 with amplification factor that Fig. 1, which is diagrammatically illustrated, is shot
Surface image.It can be seen that following two aspects of the randomness major embodiment of ceramic surface detailed information：First, pattern is thin
Save the randomness of variation.The coloured picture case of painting on ancient pottery and porcelain surface is manually drawn, and the same pattern that just same people draws at last is all
There can be certain detail differences；Second is that the forms such as bubble, spot and the randomness of distribution.Formation and the ceramics of bubble, spot
It fires environment or Conservation environment is closely related, regardless of being that firing environment or Conservation environment are all difficult to accurately replicate.Thus
As it can be seen that ceramic surface detailed information has stronger uniqueness just as biological informations such as fingerprint, the irises of people.In addition, pottery
The detailed information on porcelain surface also has generality, persistence and easy collectivity.According to living things feature recognition theory, any satisfaction is only
One property, generality, persistence and easy collectivity characteristics of human body can be used in the identification of people.Similarly, ancient pottery and porcelain surface
Detailed information can be used to identify the identity of ancient pottery and porcelain.
Fig. 2 diagrammatically illustrates the overview flow chart of the ancient pottery and porcelain automatic authentication method of the present invention.As shown in Fig. 2, this hair
Bright implementation includes mainly registration and certification two parts.Registration phase is mainly completed to generate appointing for electronic ID card for ancient pottery and porcelain
Business, and authentication phase then according to ancient pottery and porcelain electronic ID card and itself signature verification ancient pottery and porcelain true or false.With traditional ancient
The characteristics of ceramic assay certificate is compared, the electronic ID card that the method for the present invention generates is as follows：First, it is not easy to forge.Second, with oneself
It carries.
Registration phase includes mainly following four big steps：
Step 210, for ancient pottery and porcelain to be registered, several Image Acquisition points are chosen；
Image Acquisition point refers to ancient pottery and porcelain detailed information pickup area.The present invention will be according to selected Image Acquisition
The ceramic detailed information of point acquisition, as the foundation for generating ancient pottery and porcelain electronic ID card.Therefore, the selection of Image Acquisition point with
The authentication precision of the method for the present invention is directly related.To fully ensure that the uniqueness of ancient pottery and porcelain detailed information, Image Acquisition point
Selection should follow the principle of " feature apparent, texture-rich "." feature is apparent " refers to the bubble and spot in acquisition point region
The detailed information such as point are more." texture-rich " refers to that the texture informations such as drawing are abundant in acquisition point region；
Often selecting a point all needs to test selected point by authentication phase step 260 described image matching process
Reasonability.Specifically test method is：It allows different operation personnel, acquires detailed information from institute's Chosen Point position in different time points
Figure, then examines whether they match with each other using step 260 described image matching process.If matching, selected figure
As acquisition point is reasonable；Otherwise, unreasonable；
The quantity of each ancient pottery and porcelain epigraph acquisition point should be depending on its security level, and security level is higher, institute
Need Image Acquisition point more.In general, the quantity of Image Acquisition point should not be less than 5；
Step 220, the image of selected point is taken one by one using electron microscope；
Other than computer, electron microscope is the unique hardware that the method for the present invention uses.It, can by electron microscope
Clearly collect the detailed information such as ancient pottery and porcelain blibbing, spot.In general, electron microscope amplification factor is bigger, institute
The detailed information of acquisition is finer.But amplification factor is excessive, can bring the problem of being difficult to position Image Acquisition point.Therefore,
The amplification factor of electron microscope, which is answered, 100~500 to be advisable；
Step 230, acquired image is stored to system background, as the foundation for forming ceramic identity card；
The method of the present invention judges the true and false of ancient pottery and porcelain identity according to the match condition between ancient pottery and porcelain detail pictures.For this purpose,
It needs to acquire several detail pictures as masterplate is compared in registration phase, forms the electronic ID card of ancient pottery and porcelain.Step 220 is adopted
Collect the initial data state that ancient pottery and porcelain detailed information figure is its electronic ID card.From the security consideration of system itself, need pair
It encrypts storage.
Step 240, it is given ancient pottery and porcelain typing correlation attribute information, and generates the unique number of electronic ID card；
For the ease of using, the electronic ID card of ancient pottery and porcelain should also have that there are one unique numbers as the identity card of people.
The method of the present invention uses unique number of the character string being made of number or letter as ceramic identity, and number length should not be small
In 6.
Authentication phase includes mainly following three big steps：
Step 250, for ancient pottery and porcelain to be certified, according to its registration gained identity unique number, query image acquires point；
The detailed information in specified point on registration phase, ancient pottery and porcelain is collected, for generating its electronic ID card.
Detailed information in authentication phase, ancient pottery and porcelain in same point will be acquired again, be used for the verification of ancient pottery and porcelain identity；
Step 260, take the image of inquiry gained point one by one using electron microscope, and with the point that is acquired when registration
Bit image matches.
Using same brand described in step 220, with model electron microscope one by one acquisition step 250 inquiry gained image adopt
Collect the ancient pottery and porcelain detailed information figure in point.After collecting a width ancient pottery and porcelain detailed information figure, image matching algorithm meter is used
Matching score between the detailed information figure collected and the detailed information figure of registration.Fig. 3 diagrammatically illustrates the present invention's
The flow chart of ancient pottery and porcelain detailed information figure matching algorithm.It is acquired below with the acquired image A of authentication phase and registration phase
For the matching process of image B, the step of calculating ancient pottery and porcelain detailed information figure matching score is illustrated：
Step 310, for picking up from the two images A and B of same point, using accelerating robust feature (Speeded Up
Robust Features, SURF) find matching point set.It is that HerbertBay was calculated in 2006 in Europe to accelerate robust feature
It publishes thesis on machine visual conference EuropeConference on Computer Vision《Surf：Speeded up
robust features》The scale and invariable rotary image detection of it is proposed and description, be widely used in target identification and
Three-dimensional reconstruction.Utilize the lookup for accelerating robust feature that can realize matching point set between two images.Fig. 4 diagrammatically illustrates the present invention
The matching point set between two images is found using robust feature is accelerated.
Step 320, according to the matching point set between the two images, using Principle of Affine Transformation, image alignment is done to it
Operation.After obtaining the matching point set between two images, the matching highest three pairs of match points of score between two images can be utilized, are calculated
Affine transformation matrix realizes the alignment of two images.
Step 330, the two images after the alignment are cut, retains the overlapping region of two images, leaves out not
Lap.Due to the influence of factors such as scaling, rotating, for image after affine transformation, shape is generally irregular.But it is digital
Image must be stored and be shown with rectangle.In order to store and show that irregular image, the present invention are adopted in the rectangle of rule
After being realized to alignment with the strategy of " retaining overlapping region, leave out not lap " (setting to 0 the pixel value of not lap)
Image carry out Unified Expression and storage.Fig. 5 diagrammatically illustrates two width ancient pottery and porcelain detailed information after present invention alignment is cut
Figure.
Step 340, for the two images after the cutting, extraction local binary patterns (LocalBinaryPattern,
LBP) feature.
Local binary patterns be T.Ojala in 1994 in paper《Performance evaluation of texture
measures with classification based on Kullback discrimination of
distributions》Image local textural characteristics description of middle proposition.Currently, LBP local grains extract operator, at
Work(is applied in fields such as fingerprint recognition, character recognition, recognition of face, Car license recognitions.Local binary patterns are applied to by the present invention
Ancient pottery and porcelain detail pictures feature representation.Fig. 6 diagrammatically illustrates the office of two width ancient pottery and porcelain detailed information figures after cutting shown in Fig. 5
Portion's binary pattern feature.
Step 350, special using chi-square distance calculation two images for the local binary patterns feature of the two images
Distance between sign.
It calculates separately to obtain ancient pottery and porcelain detail pictures A to be certified and registers the local binary patterns of ancient pottery and porcelain detail pictures B
After feature, the present invention is as follows using the distance that card side's coefficient calculates between them：
Wherein, Ha indicates the local binary patterns feature of image A, HbIndicate the local binary patterns feature of image B.
Step 360, according to the value d for calculating gained chi-Square measure, differentiate whether the two images match.
In the present invention, the chi-Square measure between two images is to differentiate their whether matched unique foundations.Therefore, threshold is set
Whether value T matches according to the relationship between chi-Square measure d and threshold value T to establish between two images.If d≤T, matching at
Work(；Otherwise, it matches unsuccessful.
Step 270, examine all points acquisition in ancient pottery and porcelain image whether all with registered images successful match.If
It is that then ancient pottery and porcelain to be certified and registration ancient pottery and porcelain are same；Otherwise, not same.
In conclusion ancient pottery and porcelain automatic authentication method proposed by the present invention, energy is quick, accurate, lossless, is achieved at low cost
Discriminating is authenticated to ancient pottery and porcelain.
For the ordinary skill in the art, specific embodiment is only exemplarily described the present invention,
Obviously the present invention specific implementation is not subject to the restrictions described above, as long as use the inventive concept and technical scheme of the present invention into
The improvement of capable various unsubstantialities, or it is not improved by the present invention design and technical solution directly apply to other occasions
, within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of ancient pottery and porcelain automatic authentication method, it is characterised in that：The method includes registration and two big stages of certification；
Wherein, registration phase includes the following steps：
A) for ancient pottery and porcelain to be registered, several Image Acquisition points are chosen from its surface；
B) ancient pottery and porcelain surface is taken to select the image of point one by one using electron microscope；
C) acquired image is stored to system background, as the foundation for forming ceramic identity card；
D) it is the unique number for giving ancient pottery and porcelain and generating electronic ID card；
Authentication phase includes the following steps：
E) for ancient pottery and porcelain to be certified, according to its registration gained identity unique number, query image acquires point；
F) it takes the image of inquiry gained point one by one using electron microscope, and is matched with acquired image when registering；
G) point acquired when whether the image obtained from the point of ancient pottery and porcelain surface to be certified can all be registered with it is checked
Images match；If it is, showing that ancient pottery and porcelain to be certified and registration antique pottery are same；Otherwise, not same；
Wherein, two images are calculated in the step f matched steps are as follows：
F1) for picking up from the two images of same point, matching point set is looked for using robust feature is accelerated；
F2 image alignment operation) does it using Principle of Affine Transformation according to the matching point set between the two images；
F3) two images after the alignment are cut, retain the overlapping region of two images, by the picture of not lap
Plain value is set to 0；
F4) for the two images after the cutting, local binary patterns feature is extracted；
F5) for the local binary patterns feature of the two images, using between chi-square distance calculation two images feature away from
From；Calculation formula is as follows：
Wherein, Ha indicates that the local binary patterns feature of image A, Hb indicate the local binary patterns feature of image B；
F6) differentiate whether the value of chi-Square measure d is less than threshold value T, even d≤T, then successful match；Otherwise, it matches unsuccessful.
2. ancient pottery and porcelain automatic authentication method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Using biological feather recognition method come
Realize the automated validation of ancient pottery and porcelain identity.
3. ancient pottery and porcelain automatic authentication method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step a), described image is adopted
Collection point should be scattered in the abundant region of ancient pottery and porcelain surface texture, and the quantity of point is no less than 5.
4. ancient pottery and porcelain automatic authentication method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step b), the electronic display
The amplification factor of micro mirror is 100-500.
5. ancient pottery and porcelain automatic authentication method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step d), the ceramics body
Part unique number is the character string being made of number or letter, and length is not less than 6.
6. ancient pottery and porcelain automatic authentication method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step e), described image is adopted
It is ancient pottery and porcelain to be certified identified point in registration phase step a) to collect point.
7. ancient pottery and porcelain automatic authentication method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step f2) in, described image pair
Neat operation is to calculate affine transformation matrix using the matching highest 3 pairs of match points of score between two images.
8. ancient pottery and porcelain automatic authentication method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step f6) in threshold value T
Value is 10.
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| CN106933820A (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2017-07-07 | 上海优尼客物联网有限公司 | It is a kind of based on the ceramics recognition methods of bottom figure and system |
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| CN107944365B (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2020-08-11 | 中科智文（北京）科技有限公司 | Intelligent identification system and method for ceramic cultural relics |
| CN110942076B (en) * | 2019-11-27 | 2020-10-16 | 清华大学 | Method and system for generating anti-counterfeiting mark of ceramic product |
| CN111079592B (en) * | 2019-12-04 | 2020-10-27 | 清华大学 | Ceramic fingerprint image generating and extracting method and device |
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