CN104502633B - A kind of flow field data correcting method for acoustic Doppler fluid velocity profile instrument - Google Patents
A kind of flow field data correcting method for acoustic Doppler fluid velocity profile instrument Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of flow field data correcting method for acoustic Doppler fluid velocity profile instrument, acoustic Doppler fluid velocity profile instrument is using acoustic wave transducer as sensor, its sound wave pulse launched produces scatter echo by the scattering object of different depth elementary layer in water body, after being received by acoustic wave transducer, radial direction water velocity is obtained through analyzing and processing, it is characterised in that：The flow field data correcting method being fitted using multilayer flow velocity, unruly-value rejecting is carried out to the radial flow speed data of each wave beam, carry out fitting of a polynomial, both the exceptional value of radial flow speed had been excluded, also thus smooth radial flow speed and further obtains the flow rate information under accurate instrument coordinates system with the change curve of depth.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of flow field data correcting method for being used for acoustic Doppler fluid velocity profile instrument (ADCP), belong to water
Acoustical signal measurement technical field.
Background technology
ADCP is the instrument that flow velocity and flow are measured using acoustic Doppler principle, and the quantity of different ADCP transducers is not
Together, transducer forms an angle with ADCP axis, and each transducer is both transmitter and receiver, the sound wave of transducer transmitting
Concentrate in relatively narrow scope, also referred to as wave beam.Equivalent to some traditional current meters, ADCP will be obtained one ADCP at work
A fluid velocity profile is obtained, the flow velocity of different water depth need to be measured, this will be related to the space delamination problem of current.ADCP can with when
Between be scale, gather space in different depth elementary layer echo, by the Doppler frequency estimation to different depth elementary layer
And each layer radial flow speed is calculated, the flow velocity under the instrument coordinates of needs is calculated further according to field angle.
The processing of flow speed data is one of key technology of ADCP, while is also to determine whether flow rate calculation is accurately main
Parameter.The accuracy of each wave beam radial flow speed is directly related to the accuracy of final flow rate.Since water body environment is complicated and changeable,
Echo-signal contains random noise even outlier in the radial flow speed after complex self-correlation algorithm, obtained, if not being pocessed,
It can cause the accumulation of error during the flow velocity being transformed under instrument coordinates, the error of bigger is caused to result.
The content of the invention
The present invention, should to provide a kind of flow field data correcting method based on the fitting of multilayer flow velocity during ADCP flow measurements
Method then carries out flow velocity fitting, excludes radial flow speed letter by carrying out unruly-value rejecting to the radial flow speed data of each wave beam
The exceptional value of breath, also smooth radial flow speed is with depth change curve, so as to obtain XYZ directions under accurate instrument coordinates
Flow rate information.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows：
A kind of flow field data correcting method for acoustic Doppler fluid velocity profile instrument, acoustic Doppler fluid velocity profile instrument are adopted
By the use of acoustic wave transducer as sensor, its sound wave pulse launched is produced by the scattering object of different depth elementary layer in water body to be dissipated
Ripple is emitted back towards, after being received by acoustic wave transducer, radial direction water velocity is obtained through analyzing and processing, it is characterised in that：Using multilayer flow velocity
The flow field data correcting method of fitting, to reduce Doppler's flow velocity section plotter existing flow rate error during flow measurement, to each
The radial flow speed data of wave beam carry out unruly-value rejecting, carry out fitting of a polynomial, have both excluded the exceptional value of radial flow speed, also smooth footpath
Change curve to flow velocity with depth, and the flow rate information under accurate instrument coordinates system is thus further obtained, including
Following steps：
(1) each layer Doppler shift information of j-th of wave beam is obtained according to echo signal processing, since Doppler's flow velocity cuts open
Face instrument possesses different transducer type structures, in order to obtain space three-dimensional flow velocity, and Doppler's flow velocity section plotter will at least have 3 not
In conplane wave beam, it is assumed that transducer has M wave beam, then j=1,2 ..., M, M >=3, j-th of wave beam it is general more than i-th layer
Strangle frequency shift information fj[i] represent, i=1,2 ... N, wherein N for PC machine show control interface experiment measure before be configured it is total
The number of plies, utilizesI-th layer of radial flow speed information of j-th of wave beam, wherein V is calculatedj[i] is represented j-th
I-th layer of radial flow speed of wave beam, C are the spread speed of sound in water, f0For exomonental frequency；
(2) scope-f of radial flow speed is estimated according to water environmentmax~fmax, wherein fmaxFor the maximum radial stream of estimation
Speed, and unruly-value rejecting is carried out to the radial flow speed of each wave beam according to the radial flow speed scope, i.e., for Vj[i], i=1,2 ... N,
Data in j=1,2 ..., M not in the range of radial flow speed are rejected, it is assumed that it is its l-th that j-th of wave beam, which rejects data,
Depth elementary layer corresponding data Vj[l]；
(3) matched curve is used：Vj=a0+a1h+…aKhK, wherein VjFor the function of h, aiFor unknown parameter, K is fitting
The unknown exponent number of curve.Choose calculation amount and the smaller corresponding exponent number K of error of fitting；
(4) to having rejected measured data (h [i], V of outlierj[i]), carry out K ranks and be fitted to obtain coefficient ai, whereinI=1,2 ... N, and i ≠ l, H0For the depth of first depth elementary layer, H is the actual measurements of ADCP
The depth in region.The radial flow speed V of j-th of wave beam is obtained with thisjWith the curve of the change of depth h；
(5) h [i] is substituted into change curve of the radial flow speed with depth, radial flow speed is believed after obtaining the corresponding fittings of h [i]
Cease Vj′[i]；
(6) it is that space flow speed exists according to the radial flow speed on the M beam direction obtained after fitting, this M radial flow speed
Velocity component on beam direction, makes Vx[i], Vy[i], Vz[i] is respectively X under space apparatus coordinate, Y, the flow velocity of Z-direction, often
A wave beam radial flow speed Vj[i] can be according to the geometrical relationship V of transducer corresponding configurationx[i], Vy[i], Vz[i] is represented,
Obtain on Vx[i], Vy[i], VzThe M equation of [i], during M=3, non trivial solution is under instrument coordinates system on XYZ directions
Flow velocity, during M ＞ 3, obtains the least square solution of this overdetermined equation, obtains XYZ directions flow velocity under instrument coordinates system.
This have the advantage that rejecting outlier can be carried out to radial direction flow rate information, smooth whole radial flow speed simultaneously can be with
The error that various randomnesss are brought is reduced, finally makes flow speed data more accurate.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the ADCP schematic diagrams of JANUS configurations；
Fig. 2 is the ADCP plane of wave beam 1 and wave beam 2 signals when walking aerial survey amount that JANUS is configured in Fig. 1, and is measured
During depth elementary layer concept；
Fig. 3 is the specific implementation process of present example；
Fig. 4 is the change curve of the error of fitting made to choose exponent number K during specific example with exponent number.It is comprehensive to intend
The size of error size and calculation amount is closed to choose K；
Fig. 5 a, 5b, 5c, 5d in Fig. 5 describe the original radial flow speed information of four wave beams respectively, after unruly-value rejecting
The comparison of curve after radial flow speed information and fitting；
The sum velocity size that Fig. 6 is horizontally oriented with water depth ratio curve, i.e.,With water depth ratio
Curve.
Embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1, by taking four wave beams as an example, wave beam 1 is described, wave beam 2, wave beam 3, the position of wave beam 4, illustrates wave beam
Angle is each wave beam and central axis angle, and the position relationship of the XYZ axis of instrument coordinates and 4 wave beams.
Fig. 2 illustrate JANUS configuration ADCP when walking aerial survey amount the laid out flat of wave beam 1 and wave beam 2, can be to whole
The measuring system of ADCP has more clear understanding.
Experimental data measurement is carried out in underwater sound laboratory of Southeast China University, the instrument used is the ADCP of JANUS configurations, then M
=4, the system frequency f of a height of 10 × 4 × 7m of pond length and width, at this time ADCP0=600khz, field angle θ are 20 °, and velocity of sound C is
The thickness that 1500m/s, ADCP are set is 0.2m, and ADCP underwater penetrations are 0.3m, and the blind areas of ADCP in itself are 0.2m, therefore first
The depth elementary layer h of layer0=0.5m, it is 5.8m that can survey depth H, measures 30 layers of information, h altogetheri=0.5+0.2 (i-1), i=1,
2 ... 30, first by echo signal processing, obtaining the frequency shift information of four wave beams, and utilize formula
Calculate each wave beam radial flow speed data, first pass through unruly-value rejecting process, in the present context, to radial flow speed-
Data outside 1.5m/s~1.5m/s are rejected, and exponent number K=9 is determined with the change of exponent number using matched curve error, then
9 order polynomial fittings are carried out, the ADCP geometrical relationships of radial flow speed and JANUS the transducers configuration finally obtained using fitting are arranged
Go out overdetermined equation, obtaining least square solution is：
Wherein θ is field angle, V1' [i], V2' [i], V3' [i], V4' [i] represent the 1st, 2,3,4 wave beam after fitting respectively
I-th layer of radial flow speed, Vx[i]、Vy[i]、Vz[i] is respectively the X-direction flow velocity, Y-direction flow velocity, Z of lower i-th layer of instrument coordinates system
Direction flow velocity.
The inventive step stated before as this paper shown in Fig. 3.
Described in Fig. 4 in instantiation K values selection process, the change by the errors of fitting of four wave beams with fitting exponent number
Change, each wave beam error of fitting is relatively small in exponent number 9 and calculation amount is moderate at this time, thus exponent number can use K=9.
Fig. 5 a, 5b, 5c in Fig. 5,5d respectively show wave beam 1, wave beam 2, wave beam 3, the original radial flow speed of wave beam 4,
The contrast of radial flow speed after the radial flow speed of unruly-value rejecting and the fitting of 9 ranks.It was observed that given up during unruly-value rejecting-
The data of 1.5m/s~1.5m/s, the radial flow speed curve after fitting are more smooth.
By Fig. 6, it can be seen that, in spite of the process by fitting of a polynomial, sum velocity is with change in depth in horizontal direction
Curve substantially variation tendency is identical, is more conform with the feature of the environment, is that top layer flow velocity is relatively larger than middle and lower part flow velocity, while can
With, it is evident that the phenomenon that the data processing without process of fitting treatment is brought be flow velocity the current difference of current upper strata and nearly bottom away from
It is excessively obvious, the characteristic of nature current continuity change is not met, and although the data through over-fitting have precipitous change, but base
Varied less in its maximum flow rate in 0.20m/s or so, relative velocity, be more conform with current essential characteristic.From experimental data
Handling result is it may be concluded that polynomial fitting method can improve the accuracy of flow speed data.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of flow field data correcting method for acoustic Doppler fluid velocity profile instrument, acoustic Doppler fluid velocity profile instrument uses
Acoustic wave transducer produces scattering as sensor, its sound wave pulse launched by the scattering object of different depth elementary layer in water body
Echo, after being received by acoustic wave transducer, radial direction water velocity is obtained through analyzing and processing, it is characterised in that：
The flow field data correcting method being fitted using multilayer flow velocity, is existed to reduce Doppler's flow velocity section plotter during flow measurement
Flow rate error, unruly-value rejecting is carried out to the radial flow speed data of each wave beam, fitting of a polynomial is carried out, both excludes radial flow speed
Exceptional value, also smooth radial flow speed and thus further obtained under accurate instrument coordinates system with the change curve of depth
Flow rate information, comprise the following steps：
(1) each layer Doppler shift information of j-th of wave beam is obtained according to echo signal processing, due to Doppler's flow velocity section plotter
Possess different transducer type structures, in order to obtain space three-dimensional flow velocity, Doppler's flow velocity section plotter will at least there are 3 not same
The wave beam of one plane, it is assumed that transducer has M wave beam, then j=1,2 ..., M, M >=3, i-th layer of Doppler frequency of j-th of wave beam
Move information fj[i] is represented, i=1, and 2 ... N, wherein N are that PC machine shows total number of plies that control interface is configured before experiment measures,
UtilizeI-th layer of radial flow speed information of j-th of wave beam, wherein V is calculatedjJ-th of wave beam of [i] expression
I-th layer of radial flow speed, C are the spread speed of sound in water, f0For exomonental frequency；
(2) scope-f of radial flow speed is estimated according to water environmentmax~fmax, wherein fmaxFor the maximum radial flow velocity of estimation, and
Unruly-value rejecting is carried out to the radial flow speed of each wave beam according to the radial flow speed scope, i.e., for Vj[i], i=1,2 ... N, j=1,
Data in 2 ..., M not in the range of radial flow speed are rejected, it is assumed that it is its l-th of depth list that j-th of wave beam, which rejects data,
First layer corresponding data Vj[l]；
(3) matched curve is used：Vj=a0+a1h+…+aKhK, wherein VjFor the function of h, aiFor unknown parameter, i=1,2 ... K, K
For the unknown exponent number of matched curve, calculation amount and the smaller corresponding exponent number K of error of fitting are chosen；
(4) to having rejected measured data (h [i], V of outlierj[i]), carry out K ranks and be fitted to obtain coefficient ai, whereinAnd i ≠ l, H0For the depth of first depth elementary layer, H is the actual measurement zones of ADCP
The depth in domain, the radial flow speed V of j-th of wave beam is obtained with thisjWith the curve of the change of depth h；
(5) h [i] is substituted into radial flow speed with the change curve of depth, obtains radial flow speed information V ' after the corresponding fittings of h [i]j
[i]；
(6) it is space flow speed in wave beam according to the radial flow speed on the M beam direction obtained after fitting, this M radial flow speed
Velocity component on direction, makes Vx[i], Vy[i], Vz[i] is respectively X under space apparatus coordinate, Y, the flow velocity of Z-direction, Mei Gebo
The radial flow speed V of beamj[i] can be according to the geometrical relationship V of transducer corresponding configurationx[i], Vy[i], Vz[i] is represented, is obtained
To on Vx[i], Vy[i], VzThe M equation of [i], during M=3, non trivial solution is the stream on XYZ directions under instrument coordinates system
Speed, during M ＞ 3, obtains the least square solution of this overdetermined equation, obtains XYZ directions flow velocity under instrument coordinates system.
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