CN104502392B - Failure test method is freezed in a kind of two-phase fluid loop - Google Patents

Failure test method is freezed in a kind of two-phase fluid loop Download PDF

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CN104502392B
CN104502392B CN201410720800.0A CN201410720800A CN104502392B CN 104502392 B CN104502392 B CN 104502392B CN 201410720800 A CN201410720800 A CN 201410720800A CN 104502392 B CN104502392 B CN 104502392B
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phase fluid
fluid circuit
pipeline
liquid
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CN104502392A (en
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苗建印
连红奎
张红星
王录
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Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering
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Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of two-phase fluid loop and freeze failure test method. Use the present invention to test in the failure state exceeding under working medium condensation temperature environment two-phase fluid loop, and analyze the impact of freezing two-phase fluid loop heat transfer property. First the present invention has designed test battery device, the operating temperature in the temperature control two-phase fluid loop by control simulation thermal source and heat sink, and design experiment method, freezes failure performance to two-phase fluid loop and tests. Wherein, being furnished with of temperature sensor is beneficial to the state of observing ammonia working medium in two-phase fluid loop, checks whether satisfied temperature requirement of each parts in two-phase fluid loop, can also check whether two-phase fluid loop reaches balance simultaneously.

Description

一种两相流体回路冻结失效试验方法A two-phase fluid circuit freezing failure test method

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及航天器热控制技术领域,尤其涉及一种两相流体回路冻结失效试验方法。The invention relates to the technical field of spacecraft thermal control, in particular to a two-phase fluid circuit freezing failure test method.

背景技术Background technique

两相流体回路技术是近二十年来国内外重点发展的航天器热控制技术,主要包括环路热管技术、机械泵驱动两相流体回路技术、重力驱动两相流体回路技术等。重力驱动两相流体回路系统是解决嫦娥探月工程中巡视器和着陆器度过月夜的关键技术,通过两相流体回路系统,将同位素热源的热量带入到载荷舱内,保证载荷舱各设备的温度不至于过低。重力驱动两相流体回路的系统组成如图1所示,包括蒸发器1(包括丝网蒸发器7、液体分流器8和蒸气汇流器9)、蒸气管路2、冷凝管路3、储液器4、液体管路6和控制阀5,其中,冷凝管路3位于储液器4重力场上方,蒸发器1位于储液器4重力场的下方、并与同位素热源耦合安装,储液器4内液面和蒸发器1底部之间形成重力辅助高度差;储液器4通过液体管路6连接至蒸发器1入口,在液体管路6上设有控制阀5,蒸发器1出口依次通过蒸气管路2、冷凝管路3连接至储液器4,形成封闭的管路系统。为确保重力驱动两相流体回路在-50℃~70℃温度范围内具有良好的传热特性,选择氨作为工作介质。月夜期间,重力驱动两相流体回路控制阀5开启,启动重力驱动两相流体回路,将同位素核热源的热量引入探测器内部。月昼期间,重力驱动两相流体回路控制阀5关闭,关闭重力驱动两相流体回路,阻断同位素核热源向探测器内部传递热源。Two-phase fluid circuit technology is a spacecraft thermal control technology that has been developed at home and abroad in the past two decades, mainly including loop heat pipe technology, mechanical pump-driven two-phase fluid circuit technology, gravity-driven two-phase fluid circuit technology, etc. The gravity-driven two-phase fluid circuit system is the key technology for the rover and lander in the Chang'e lunar exploration project to spend the moon night. Through the two-phase fluid circuit system, the heat of the isotope heat source is brought into the load compartment to ensure that the equipment in the load compartment temperature is not too low. The system composition of gravity-driven two-phase fluid circuit is shown in Figure 1, including evaporator 1 (including wire mesh evaporator 7, liquid divider 8 and vapor confluence 9), steam pipeline 2, condensation pipeline 3, liquid storage 4, liquid pipeline 6 and control valve 5, wherein, the condensation pipeline 3 is located above the gravity field of the liquid reservoir 4, the evaporator 1 is located below the gravity field of the liquid reservoir 4, and is coupled with the isotope heat source, and the liquid reservoir A gravity-assisted height difference is formed between the inner liquid level in 4 and the bottom of evaporator 1; the liquid reservoir 4 is connected to the inlet of evaporator 1 through a liquid pipeline 6, and a control valve 5 is arranged on the liquid pipeline 6, and the outlet of evaporator 1 is sequentially The steam pipeline 2 and the condensation pipeline 3 are connected to the liquid reservoir 4 to form a closed pipeline system. In order to ensure that the gravity-driven two-phase fluid circuit has good heat transfer characteristics in the temperature range of -50°C to 70°C, ammonia was selected as the working medium. During the moon night, the gravity-driven two-phase fluid circuit control valve 5 is opened, and the gravity-driven two-phase fluid circuit is activated to introduce the heat of the isotope nuclear heat source into the detector. During the moon and day, the gravity-driven two-phase fluid circuit control valve 5 is closed, closing the gravity-driven two-phase fluid circuit, and blocking the isotope nuclear heat source from transferring heat source to the detector.

两相流体回路的冻结工况为故障工况,为了防止在月球表面重力驱动两相流体回路传热能力不足或仪器发生故障,需要对两相流体回路在低温下的冻结工况进行试验,验证两相流体回路冻结失效机理与失效后果。The freezing condition of the two-phase fluid circuit is a fault condition. In order to prevent the insufficient heat transfer capacity of the gravity-driven two-phase fluid circuit on the surface of the moon or the failure of the instrument, it is necessary to test the freezing condition of the two-phase fluid circuit at low temperature to verify Failure mechanism and failure consequences of freezing in two-phase fluid circuits.

由于重力驱动两相流体回路技术是航天器热控制的新型热控方法,没有固定的测试方式和测试方法。同时,考虑到月球恶劣的环境,需要对重力驱动两相流体回路的冻结失效过程以及冻结后解冻的传热能力进行测试,从而指导重力驱动两相流体回路的在轨应用。Since the gravity-driven two-phase fluid circuit technology is a new thermal control method for spacecraft thermal control, there is no fixed test method and test method. At the same time, considering the harsh environment of the moon, it is necessary to test the freezing failure process of the gravity-driven two-phase fluid circuit and the heat transfer capacity of thawing after freezing, so as to guide the on-orbit application of the gravity-driven two-phase fluid circuit.

发明内容Contents of the invention

有鉴于此,本发明提供了一种两相流体回路冻结失效试验方法,能够对两相流体回路在超过工质冷凝温度环境下的失效状态进行测试,并分析冻结对两相流体回路传热性能的影响。In view of this, the present invention provides a two-phase fluid circuit freezing failure test method, which can test the failure state of the two-phase fluid circuit in an environment exceeding the condensation temperature of the working medium, and analyze the effect of freezing on the heat transfer performance of the two-phase fluid circuit Impact.

为了解决上述技术问题,本发明是这样实现的:In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention is achieved in that:

步骤1,设计试验装置:Step 1, design the test device:

所述试验装置包括散热板、控温加热器、多层隔热组件、温度传感器、模拟热源和回路支架;其中,散热板通过隔热垫隔热安装在回路支架的上部;两相流体回路的冷凝管路埋在散热板中,两相流体回路的储液器半埋在散热板中;两相流体回路中的蒸发器隔热安装在回路支架的下部;控温加热器安装在两相流体回路的蒸汽管路、储液器、控制阀和液体管路上;温度传感器安装在两相流体回路的蒸发器、蒸汽管路、冷凝管路、储液器、控制阀和液体管路、模拟热源以及散热板边缘区域上;多层隔热组件包裹在蒸汽管路、储液器、控制阀和液体管路上;模拟热源为RHU同位素电模拟热源,固定安装在蒸发器内;安装为散热板提供工作温度的散热板加热器,所述散热板加热器为安装在散热板外侧空间的红外加热器或者粘贴在散热板上的加热片;The test device includes a heat dissipation plate, a temperature control heater, a multi-layer heat insulation assembly, a temperature sensor, a simulated heat source and a loop support; wherein, the heat dissipation plate is installed on the upper part of the loop support through a heat insulation pad; the two-phase fluid circuit The condensing pipeline is buried in the heat dissipation plate, and the liquid reservoir of the two-phase fluid circuit is half buried in the heat dissipation plate; the evaporator in the two-phase fluid circuit is heat-insulated and installed at the lower part of the circuit support; the temperature control heater is installed in the two-phase fluid circuit On the steam line, liquid receiver, control valve and liquid line of the circuit; the temperature sensor is installed on the evaporator, steam line, condensing line, liquid receiver, control valve and liquid line of the two-phase fluid circuit, simulated heat source And on the edge area of the cooling plate; multi-layer heat insulation components are wrapped on the steam pipeline, liquid reservoir, control valve and liquid pipeline; the simulated heat source is RHU isotope electric simulation heat source, fixedly installed in the evaporator; the installation is provided for the cooling plate A heat sink heater with working temperature, the heat sink heater is an infrared heater installed in the outer space of the heat sink or a heating sheet pasted on the heat sink;

步骤2,将回路支架放入真空仓中,抽真空,使得真空度小于2×10-3Pa,设置储液器、控制阀、液体管路和蒸气管路上的控温加热器为自控状态,自控门限为-70℃;设置散热板加热器的自控门限为-70℃;Step 2, put the loop bracket into the vacuum chamber, pump the vacuum to make the vacuum degree less than 2×10 -3 Pa, set the temperature control heaters on the liquid reservoir, control valve, liquid pipeline and steam pipeline to the automatic control state, The automatic control threshold is -70°C; set the automatic control threshold of the heat sink heater to -70°C;

步骤3,向真空仓的热沉通液氮,降低真空仓温度至-150℃;将储液器的温度降至-60℃,且达到两相流体回路工况平衡;所述工况平衡为储液器温度在半小时维持不变或单调变化小于1℃/h;储液器的温度即为两相流体回路的工作温度;Step 3, pass liquid nitrogen to the heat sink of the vacuum chamber, reduce the temperature of the vacuum chamber to -150°C; reduce the temperature of the liquid reservoir to -60°C, and reach the equilibrium of the two-phase fluid circuit; the equilibrium of the operating conditions is The temperature of the liquid reservoir remains unchanged for half an hour or the monotonous change is less than 1°C/h; the temperature of the liquid reservoir is the working temperature of the two-phase fluid circuit;

步骤4,极限传热能力测试:Step 4, limit heat transfer capacity test:

开启模拟热源,按照一定的步长增加模拟热源的加热功率,在每次增加模拟热源的加热功率的同时减小散热板加热器的加热功率,使储液器的温度维持在T1,-60℃≤T1≤-70℃,且达到两相流体回路工况平衡,直至散热板加热器的加热功率为零或者因蒸发器的温度突升导致无法维持工况平衡,散热板加热器的加热功率为零时或者蒸发器的温度突升前一平衡时刻的模拟热源的加热功率即为T1工作温度下两相流体回路的极限传热能力;Turn on the simulated heat source, increase the heating power of the simulated heat source according to a certain step, and decrease the heating power of the radiator heater while increasing the heating power of the simulated heat source each time, so that the temperature of the liquid reservoir is maintained at T 1 , -60 ℃≤T 1 ≤-70℃, and reach the balance of the two-phase fluid circuit working condition, until the heating power of the radiator heater is zero or the working condition balance cannot be maintained due to the sudden rise of the temperature of the evaporator, the heating of the radiator heater When the power is zero or the heating power of the simulated heat source at the equilibrium moment before the temperature of the evaporator suddenly rises is the limit heat transfer capacity of the two - phase fluid circuit at the working temperature of T1;

步骤5,冻结:Step 5, freeze:

关闭散热板加热器和模拟热源加热器,等待各测点的温度降到-90℃以下,并维持一段时间,使两相流体回路充分冻结;Turn off the heat sink heater and the simulated heat source heater, wait for the temperature of each measuring point to drop below -90°C, and maintain it for a period of time to fully freeze the two-phase fluid circuit;

步骤6,解冻:Step 6, unfreeze:

先开启并增大散热板加热功率,使冷凝管路的温度升高至工质凝固点以上,然后开启储液器、液体管路、阀门、蒸汽管路的控温加热器和模拟热源,使储液器、液体管路、阀门、蒸汽管路、蒸发器均匀升温至工质凝固点以上;First turn on and increase the heating power of the radiator plate to raise the temperature of the condensing pipeline above the freezing point of the working fluid, then turn on the temperature-controlled heaters and simulated heat sources of the liquid receiver, liquid pipeline, valve, and steam pipeline to make the storage Liquid vessels, liquid pipelines, valves, steam pipelines, and evaporators are evenly heated to above the freezing point of the working medium;

步骤7,维持储液器温度为T1,依照步骤4的方法获得解冻后两相流体回路在T1工作温度时的极限传热能力,并与步骤3获得的同样工作温度下的极限传热能力进行比较,如果传热能力偏差小于10%,说明冻结失效解冻后不影响两相流体回路的传热性能;如果传热能力偏差大于10%,说明冻结失效解冻过程对两相回路具有一定的损害。Step 7, maintain the temperature of the liquid reservoir at T 1 , obtain the limit heat transfer capacity of the two-phase fluid circuit after thawing at the working temperature T 1 according to the method in step 4, and obtain the limit heat transfer capacity at the same working temperature obtained in step 3 If the deviation of heat transfer capacity is less than 10%, it means that the heat transfer performance of the two-phase fluid circuit will not be affected after freezing failure and thawing; damage.

其中,在步骤3中,测量多个低温工作温度的两相流体回路的极限传热能力,在步骤7中测量对应的低温工作温度时的两相流体回路的极限传热能力,计算冻结前后同一工作温度下两相流体回路的极限传热能力偏差,其中,低温工作温度为-60℃~-70℃。Among them, in step 3, the limit heat transfer capacity of the two-phase fluid circuit at multiple low temperature working temperatures is measured, and in step 7, the limit heat transfer capacity of the two-phase fluid circuit at the corresponding low temperature working temperature is measured, and the same value before and after freezing is calculated. The limit heat transfer capability deviation of the two-phase fluid circuit at the working temperature, where the low temperature working temperature is -60°C to -70°C.

所述步骤3的降温过程中,开启模拟热源,使得两相流体回路运行,加快蒸发器的降温速率。In the cooling process of the step 3, the simulated heat source is turned on, so that the two-phase fluid circuit runs, and the cooling rate of the evaporator is accelerated.

所述散热板的基板为铝板或蜂窝板,散热板的表面粘贴有OSR片或喷涂高发射率的涂层。The substrate of the heat dissipation plate is an aluminum plate or a honeycomb plate, and the surface of the heat dissipation plate is pasted with an OSR sheet or sprayed with a high emissivity coating.

所述温度传感器的安装位置为:The installation location of the temperature sensor is:

蒸发器的4个翅片上沿高度方向分别布置至少2个温度传感器,其中一个位于蒸发器翅片的下端,一个位于蒸发器翅片的上端;At least 2 temperature sensors are respectively arranged along the height direction on the 4 fins of the evaporator, one of which is located at the lower end of the evaporator fin and one is located at the upper end of the evaporator fin;

蒸气管路的进口、顶部和出口处分别布置1个温度传感器;A temperature sensor is respectively arranged at the inlet, top and outlet of the steam pipeline;

冷凝管路的进口、出口分别布置1个温度传感器,在冷凝管路的翅片上布置至少1个温度传感器;A temperature sensor is arranged at the inlet and outlet of the condensing pipeline, and at least one temperature sensor is arranged on the fin of the condensing pipeline;

储液器的外表面沿高度方向布置3个温度传感器,分别位于储液器的气空间、气液界面和液体空间;Three temperature sensors are arranged along the height direction on the outer surface of the reservoir, which are respectively located in the gas space, gas-liquid interface and liquid space of the reservoir;

连接储液器和控制阀的液体管路上布置至少1个温度传感器,在连接控制阀和蒸发器的液体管路上布置至少1个温度传感器;Arrange at least one temperature sensor on the liquid pipeline connecting the liquid reservoir and the control valve, and arrange at least one temperature sensor on the liquid pipeline connecting the control valve and the evaporator;

控制阀上布置1个温度传感器;A temperature sensor is arranged on the control valve;

模拟热源上布置至少1个温度传感器;Arrange at least one temperature sensor on the simulated heat source;

散热板的内表面的边缘区域布置至少1个温度传感器。At least one temperature sensor is arranged on the edge area of the inner surface of the cooling plate.

所述控温加热器为加热片、加热丝、加热带或加热板。The temperature control heater is a heating sheet, a heating wire, a heating belt or a heating plate.

所述蒸发器安装在隔热板上,模拟热源放置在蒸发器的内部,模拟热源工装的耳片通过螺钉和隔热垫固定在隔热板上,所述隔热板通过4个隔热柱固定安装在回路支架上。The evaporator is installed on the heat insulation board, the simulated heat source is placed inside the evaporator, and the lugs of the simulation heat source tooling are fixed on the heat insulation board through screws and heat insulation pads, and the heat insulation board passes through 4 heat insulation columns Fixed installation on the loop bracket.

所述隔热板、隔热垫和隔热柱材料为玻璃钢或聚酰亚胺。The material of the heat insulation board, heat insulation pad and heat insulation column is glass fiber reinforced plastic or polyimide.

有益效果:Beneficial effect:

(1)采用本发明可对两相流体冻结工况下的失效状态进行测试,并对解冻后的两相流体回路的传热性能进行分析,评价冻结对两相流体回路的影响。(1) The failure state of the two-phase fluid under freezing conditions can be tested by using the present invention, and the heat transfer performance of the thawed two-phase fluid circuit can be analyzed to evaluate the influence of freezing on the two-phase fluid circuit.

(2)由于冷凝管路和蒸发器降温速率不同,在降温过程中加大模拟热源的加热功率可以使得蒸发器的温度提升,两相流体回路中的氨工质将蒸发器的热量传递至冷凝管路,能够提高蒸发器的降温速率。(2) Due to the different cooling rates of the condensing pipeline and the evaporator, increasing the heating power of the simulated heat source during the cooling process can increase the temperature of the evaporator, and the ammonia working fluid in the two-phase fluid circuit transfers the heat of the evaporator to the condensing The pipeline can increase the cooling rate of the evaporator.

(3)散热板的基板选为铝板或蜂窝板,在其表面粘贴OSR片或喷涂高发射率的涂层,有利于提高散热板的散热率。(3) The substrate of the cooling plate is selected as an aluminum plate or a honeycomb plate, and an OSR sheet is pasted on its surface or a coating with a high emissivity is sprayed, which is beneficial to improving the heat dissipation rate of the cooling plate.

(4)温度传感器的布置有利于观察两相流体回路中氨工质的状态,能够查看两相流体回路中的各部件的冻结过程,并且可以查看非冻结工况下两相流体回路中的各部件的温度是否满足要求,两相流体回路是否达到平衡。(4) The arrangement of the temperature sensor is beneficial to observe the state of the ammonia working medium in the two-phase fluid circuit, and it is possible to check the freezing process of each component in the two-phase fluid circuit, and to check the freezing process of each component in the two-phase fluid circuit under non-freezing conditions. Whether the temperature of the components meets the requirements and whether the two-phase fluid circuit reaches equilibrium.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为重力驱动两相流体回路系统组成示意图。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the composition of the gravity-driven two-phase fluid circuit system.

图2为两相流体回路真空热性能试验装置示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a vacuum thermal performance test device for a two-phase fluid circuit.

图3为两相流体回路蒸发器的安装示意图。Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the installation of a two-phase fluid circuit evaporator.

图4为两相流体回路上的温度传感器的布置示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of temperature sensors on a two-phase fluid circuit.

图5为散热板(包括冷凝管路)上温度传感器的布置示意图。Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of temperature sensors on the cooling plate (including the condensation pipeline).

其中,1-蒸发器,2-蒸汽管路,3-冷凝管路,4-储液器,5-控制阀,6-液体管路,7-丝网蒸发器,8-液体分流器,9-蒸汽汇流器,10-真空仓,11-散热板,12-隔热板,13-隔热垫,14-隔热柱,15-模拟热源,16-红外加热器,17-回路支架。Among them, 1-evaporator, 2-steam pipeline, 3-condensing pipeline, 4-reservoir, 5-control valve, 6-liquid pipeline, 7-wire evaporator, 8-liquid splitter, 9 - steam confluence, 10 - vacuum chamber, 11 - cooling plate, 12 - heat insulation plate, 13 - heat insulation pad, 14 - heat insulation column, 15 - simulated heat source, 16 - infrared heater, 17 - loop support.

具体实施方式detailed description

下面结合附图并举实施例,对本发明进行详细描述。The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

本发明提供了一种两相流体回路冻结失效试验方法,该方法基于如图2所示的试验装置进行试验测试,所述试验装置包括散热板11、控温加热器、多层隔热组件、温度传感器、模拟热源15和回路支架17。The present invention provides a two-phase fluid circuit freezing failure test method, the method is based on the test device shown in Figure 2 for test testing, the test device includes a cooling plate 11, a temperature control heater, a multi-layer heat insulation assembly, Temperature sensor, simulated heat source 15 and loop support 17.

其中,两相流体回路和散热板11隔热安装在回路支架17上,散热板11用隔热垫隔热安装在回路支架17的上部,用于模拟两相流体回路在轨的散热部分;两相流体回路的冷凝管路3埋在散热板11中,两相流体回路的储液器4半埋在散热板11中,位于冷凝管路3的出口处;两相流体回路中的蒸发器1隔热安装在回路支架17的下部,位于冷凝管路3的下方;控温加热器安装在两相流体回路的蒸汽管路2、储液器4、控制阀5和液体管路6上,防止管路冻结;温度传感器安装在两相流体回路的蒸发器1、蒸汽管路2、冷凝管路3、储液器4、控制阀5和液体管路6,以及散热板11上,用于测量两相流体回路各部件以及散热板的温度,检测两相流体回路的运行情况;多层隔热组件安装在蒸汽管路2、储液器4、控制阀5和液体管路6上,用来防止管路部分环境漏热,模拟在轨工况;模拟热源15采用RHU同位素电模拟热源,固定安装在蒸发器1内,用来模拟同位素加热器件,模拟热源15同时也是蒸发器1的控温加热器;回路支架17放置在真空仓10中,真空仓10提供温度不大于80K,真空度小于2×10-3pa的真空环境。Wherein, the two-phase fluid circuit and the heat dissipation plate 11 are installed on the circuit support 17 with heat insulation, and the heat dissipation plate 11 is installed on the upper part of the circuit support 17 with heat insulation pads, for simulating the heat dissipation part of the two-phase fluid circuit on the rail; The condensation pipeline 3 of the phase fluid circuit is buried in the cooling plate 11, and the liquid reservoir 4 of the two-phase fluid circuit is half buried in the cooling plate 11, and is located at the outlet of the condensation pipeline 3; the evaporator 1 in the two-phase fluid circuit Heat insulation is installed on the lower part of the circuit support 17, located below the condensation pipeline 3; the temperature control heater is installed on the steam pipeline 2, the liquid reservoir 4, the control valve 5 and the liquid pipeline 6 of the two-phase fluid circuit to prevent The pipeline is frozen; the temperature sensor is installed on the evaporator 1, the steam pipeline 2, the condensation pipeline 3, the liquid receiver 4, the control valve 5 and the liquid pipeline 6 of the two-phase fluid circuit, and the cooling plate 11 to measure The temperature of each component of the two-phase fluid circuit and the cooling plate is used to detect the operation of the two-phase fluid circuit; the multi-layer heat insulation component is installed on the steam pipeline 2, the liquid reservoir 4, the control valve 5 and the liquid pipeline 6, and is used to Prevent environmental heat leakage in the pipeline part, and simulate on-orbit working conditions; the simulated heat source 15 adopts RHU isotope electric simulated heat source, which is fixedly installed in the evaporator 1, and is used to simulate the isotope heating device, and the simulated heat source 15 is also the temperature control of the evaporator 1 The heater; the loop support 17 is placed in the vacuum chamber 10, and the vacuum chamber 10 provides a vacuum environment with a temperature not greater than 80K and a vacuum degree of less than 2×10 −3 Pa.

其中,散热板的基板可以采用铝板或蜂窝板等导热性能较好的材料制成,其外表面粘贴有OSR片,或喷涂高发射率的涂层,从而有利于散热。Among them, the substrate of the heat sink can be made of aluminum plate or honeycomb plate and other materials with good thermal conductivity, and its outer surface is pasted with OSR sheet, or sprayed with high emissivity coating, so as to facilitate heat dissipation.

蒸发器1、模拟热源15与回路支架17之间的隔热方式如图3所示,蒸发器1安装在隔热板12上,模拟热源15放置在蒸发器1的内部,模拟热源15工装的耳片通过螺钉和隔热垫13固定在隔热板12上,所述隔热板12通过4个隔热柱14固定安装在回路支架17上。其中,隔热板12、隔热垫13和隔热柱14材料为聚酰亚胺或玻璃钢等导热率低的材料。液体分流器8下表面与隔热板12上表面间的距离大于10mm,隔热板12与回路支架17间的有效隔热距离大于100mm,隔热垫13的外径小于10mm。The heat insulation method between the evaporator 1, the simulated heat source 15 and the loop support 17 is shown in Figure 3, the evaporator 1 is installed on the heat shield 12, the simulated heat source 15 is placed inside the evaporator 1, and the simulated heat source 15 tooling The lugs are fixed on the heat insulation board 12 through screws and heat insulation pads 13, and the heat insulation board 12 is fixedly installed on the circuit support 17 through four heat insulation columns 14. Wherein, the materials of heat insulation plate 12, heat insulation pad 13 and heat insulation column 14 are materials with low thermal conductivity such as polyimide or glass fiber reinforced plastics. The distance between the lower surface of the liquid splitter 8 and the upper surface of the heat shield 12 is greater than 10mm, the effective heat insulation distance between the heat shield 12 and the circuit support 17 is greater than 100mm, and the outer diameter of the heat insulation pad 13 is less than 10mm.

温度传感器为热电偶温度传感器,其布置如图4所示。在两相流体回路上布置34个温度传感器:The temperature sensor is a thermocouple temperature sensor, and its layout is shown in Figure 4. Arrange 34 temperature sensors on the two-phase fluid circuit:

①在蒸发器1的4个翅片上沿高度方向由下至上分别均匀布置3个温度传感器,共12个,编号T1~T12,也可以只在蒸发器翅片的下端和上端布置传感器,主要是用于测量蒸发器中液态工质和气态工作的温度,从而反应蒸发器1的工作状态。① On the 4 fins of the evaporator 1, 3 temperature sensors are evenly arranged from bottom to top along the height direction, a total of 12, numbered T1~T12, and the sensors can also be arranged only at the lower and upper ends of the evaporator fins, mainly It is used to measure the temperature of liquid working medium and gaseous working medium in the evaporator, so as to reflect the working state of the evaporator 1.

②在蒸气管路2的进口、顶部和出口处分别布置1个温度传感器,编号分别为T13、T14和T15。② Arrange one temperature sensor at the inlet, top and outlet of the steam pipeline 2, numbered T13, T14 and T15 respectively.

③在冷凝管路3的进口、出口及冷凝管路上布置9个温度传感器,编号T16~T24,如图5所示;冷凝管路3一般安装有翅片,用于增大散热面积,温度传感器一般安装在翅片上。③Arrange 9 temperature sensors at the inlet and outlet of the condensing pipeline 3 and on the condensing pipeline, numbered T16~T24, as shown in Figure 5; the condensing pipeline 3 is generally equipped with fins to increase the heat dissipation area, and the temperature sensor Usually mounted on fins.

④在储液器4的外表面沿高度方向布置3个温度传感器,编号T25~T27,分别用于测量储液器4中气体、气液界面和液体的温度。④ Arrange three temperature sensors along the height direction on the outer surface of the liquid reservoir 4, numbered T25-T27, which are used to measure the temperature of the gas, gas-liquid interface and liquid in the liquid reservoir 4 respectively.

⑤液体管路6分为两段,一段连接储液器3和控制阀5,另一段连接控制阀5和蒸发器1。其中,在连接储液器3和控制阀5的液体管路的中点处布置1个温度传感器,编号T28;在连接控制阀5和蒸发器1的液体管路的进口和出口处分别布置1个温度传感器,编号分别为T31和T32,也可以在连接控制阀5和蒸发器1的液体管路的中点处布置1个温度传感器。⑤ The liquid pipeline 6 is divided into two sections, one section connects the liquid reservoir 3 and the control valve 5 , and the other section connects the control valve 5 and the evaporator 1 . Among them, one temperature sensor, numbered T28, is arranged at the midpoint of the liquid pipeline connecting the liquid reservoir 3 and the control valve 5; one is arranged at the inlet and outlet of the liquid pipeline connecting the control valve 5 and the evaporator 1, respectively There are two temperature sensors, numbered T31 and T32 respectively, and one temperature sensor can also be arranged at the midpoint of the liquid pipeline connecting the control valve 5 and the evaporator 1.

⑥在控制阀5上布置温度传感器。若控制阀5由两个并行的阀(a阀和b阀)组成,则在a阀和b阀上分别布置1个温度传感器,编号分别为T29和T30;⑥ Arrange the temperature sensor on the control valve 5 . If the control valve 5 is composed of two parallel valves (valve a and valve b), one temperature sensor is respectively arranged on valve a and valve b, and the numbers are T29 and T30 respectively;

⑦在模拟热源上布置2个温度传感器,编号为T33和T34;⑦ Arrange two temperature sensors on the simulated heat source, numbered T33 and T34;

⑧在散热板11的内表面的边缘区域布置4个温度传感器,编号为T35和T38,4个温度传感器距散热板边缘100mm,如图5所示。⑧ Arrange four temperature sensors, numbered T35 and T38, on the edge area of the inner surface of the cooling plate 11, and the four temperature sensors are 100 mm away from the edge of the cooling plate, as shown in FIG. 5 .

温度传感器所在位置即为测点位置。The location of the temperature sensor is the location of the measuring point.

控温加热器可以是加热片、加热丝、加热带、加热板或其他加热方式,采用PID控制或通断控温的方式,主要是防止两相流体回路各部件被冻结。其中,储液器4上的控温加热器采用在储液器4上串联安装2个加热片实现;控制阀5上的控温加热器采用在控制阀5连接的液体管路上安装加热带,如图2所示的(测点28和测点29之间管路、测点29与测点31之间管路、测点28与测点30之间管路、侧点30与测点31之间管路)分别安装1个加热带,4个加热带串联,每段管路长约50mm;液体管路6上的控温加热器采用在液体管路6上的测点31与测点32之间安装1个加热带实现;蒸气管路2上的控温加热器采用3个串联安装的加热带实现。The temperature control heater can be a heating sheet, heating wire, heating belt, heating plate or other heating methods, and adopts PID control or on-off temperature control, mainly to prevent the components of the two-phase fluid circuit from being frozen. Among them, the temperature control heater on the liquid reservoir 4 is implemented by installing two heating plates in series on the liquid reservoir 4; the temperature control heater on the control valve 5 is realized by installing a heating belt on the liquid pipeline connected to the control valve 5, As shown in Figure 2 (pipeline between measuring point 28 and measuring point 29, pipeline between measuring point 29 and measuring point 31, pipeline between measuring point 28 and measuring point 30, side point 30 and measuring point 31 1 heating belt, 4 heating belts connected in series, each section of pipeline is about 50mm long; the temperature control heater on the liquid pipeline 6 adopts the measuring point 31 and the measuring point 32 is installed with one heating belt; the temperature control heater on the steam pipeline 2 is realized by three heating belts installed in series.

储液器4、控制阀5、液体管路6和蒸气管路2上的控温加热器主要起防止管路冻结的作用。The temperature control heater on the liquid reservoir 4, the control valve 5, the liquid pipeline 6 and the steam pipeline 2 mainly plays the role of preventing the pipeline from freezing.

蒸发器1的温度控制依靠安装在其内部的模拟热源15实现。由于在传热过程中,同位素热源的热量被两相流体回路传递带走,同位素热源自身表面的温度会降低到与蒸发器的温度一致。The temperature control of the evaporator 1 is realized by means of a simulated heat source 15 installed inside it. Since the heat of the isotope heat source is carried away by the two-phase fluid circuit during the heat transfer process, the temperature of the surface of the isotope heat source itself will be reduced to be consistent with the temperature of the evaporator.

冷凝管路2预埋在散热板11中,与散热板11的温度基本一致,散热板11的温度控制依靠安装在散热板11外侧的红外加热器16或者是粘贴在散热板上的加热片实现。The condensation pipeline 2 is pre-buried in the heat sink 11, and the temperature of the heat sink 11 is basically the same. The temperature control of the heat sink 11 is realized by the infrared heater 16 installed on the outside of the heat sink 11 or the heating sheet pasted on the heat sink. .

其中,控制散热板11的温度为-60℃~50℃。由于两相流体回路运行过程中氨工质的热传递作用,蒸发器1、蒸汽管路2、冷凝管路3、储液器4、控制阀5和液体管路6的温度基本在-55℃~50℃范围内。其中,储液器4的温度即为两相流体回路的工作温度。Wherein, the temperature of the cooling plate 11 is controlled to be -60°C to 50°C. Due to the heat transfer effect of the ammonia working medium during the operation of the two-phase fluid circuit, the temperature of the evaporator 1, the steam pipeline 2, the condensation pipeline 3, the liquid receiver 4, the control valve 5 and the liquid pipeline 6 is basically at -55°C ~50°C range. Wherein, the temperature of the liquid reservoir 4 is the working temperature of the two-phase fluid circuit.

选择测点T1(蒸发器1下部,靠近液体管路6的出口)、T3(蒸发器1上部,靠近蒸气管路2的进口)、T14(蒸气管路2中部)、T17(冷凝管路3进口)、T23(冷凝管路3出口)、T25(储液器4上部,即储液器气空间)、T27(储液器下部)、T29~T30(控制阀a和控制阀b)、T31(液体管路6进口)、T35~T38(散热板11的4个角)为温度监测点,监控模拟热源15、散热板11和两相流体回路是否满足温度要求,同时,通过比较温度监测点与其他测点的温度,判断是否达到平衡。Select measuring points T1 (lower part of evaporator 1, near the outlet of liquid pipeline 6), T3 (upper part of evaporator 1, near the inlet of steam pipeline 2), T14 (middle part of steam pipeline 2), T17 (condensation pipeline 3 Inlet), T23 (outlet of condensing pipeline 3), T25 (upper part of reservoir 4, i.e. air space of reservoir), T27 (lower part of reservoir), T29~T30 (control valve a and control valve b), T31 (Liquid pipeline 6 inlet), T35 ~ T38 (4 corners of heat sink 11) are temperature monitoring points, monitor whether the simulated heat source 15, heat sink 11 and two-phase fluid circuit meet the temperature requirements, and at the same time, by comparing the temperature monitoring points With the temperature of other measuring points, judge whether to reach equilibrium.

利用上述试验装置进行两相流体回路冻结失效试验,查看两相流体回路在冻结工况下的冻结过程,以及解冻后两相流体回路的极限传热性能,评价冻结对两相流体回路的影响。其中,两相流体回路的工作温度为储液器4的温度,测试过程中,依靠改变蒸发器1和散热板11的温度改变储液器4的温度,储液器4、控制阀5、液体管路6和蒸气管路2上的控温加热器仅用于两相流体回路中各部件的解冻,由于两相流体回路中的工质为氨,其凝结点为-77℃,为测试冻结工况对两相流体回路传热性能的影响,首先测试两相流体回路在低温工况(-60℃~-70℃)下的极限传热能力,然后降低两相流体回路的温度至-77℃以下,使之冻结,观察两相流体回路的冻结过程,然后对两相流体回路进行解冻,并测量两相流体回路解冻后在低温工况下的极限传热能力,并与冻结前同样工作温度下的极限传热能力进行比较,查看冻结对两相流体回路传热能力的影响,具体实现步骤如下:Use the above-mentioned test device to conduct the freezing failure test of the two-phase fluid circuit, check the freezing process of the two-phase fluid circuit under freezing conditions, and the limit heat transfer performance of the two-phase fluid circuit after thawing, and evaluate the impact of freezing on the two-phase fluid circuit. Wherein, the working temperature of the two-phase fluid circuit is the temperature of the liquid reservoir 4. During the test, the temperature of the liquid reservoir 4 is changed by changing the temperature of the evaporator 1 and the cooling plate 11. The liquid reservoir 4, the control valve 5, the liquid The temperature-controlled heaters on pipeline 6 and steam pipeline 2 are only used for thawing the components in the two-phase fluid circuit. Since the working fluid in the two-phase fluid circuit is ammonia, its condensation point is -77°C, which is used for testing freezing. The effect of working conditions on the heat transfer performance of the two-phase fluid circuit, first test the limit heat transfer capacity of the two-phase fluid circuit under low temperature conditions (-60 ° C ~ -70 ° C), and then reduce the temperature of the two-phase fluid circuit to -77 Below ℃, let it freeze, observe the freezing process of the two-phase fluid circuit, then unfreeze the two-phase fluid circuit, and measure the ultimate heat transfer capacity of the two-phase fluid circuit after thawing under low temperature conditions, and work the same as before freezing Compare the limit heat transfer capacity at different temperatures to check the effect of freezing on the heat transfer capacity of the two-phase fluid circuit. The specific implementation steps are as follows:

步骤1,将回路支架17放入真空仓10中,抽真空(真空度小于2×10-3pa),设置储液器4、控制阀5、液体管路6和蒸气管路2上的控温加热器为自控状态,自控门限为-70℃,即当温度小于自控门限时,控温加热器自动开启。设置散热板加热器的自控门限为-70℃。Step 1, put the circuit bracket 17 into the vacuum chamber 10, vacuumize (the degree of vacuum is less than 2×10 -3 Pa), and set the control valves on the liquid reservoir 4, control valve 5, liquid pipeline 6 and steam pipeline 2. The temperature heater is in a self-control state, and the self-control threshold is -70°C, that is, when the temperature is lower than the self-control threshold, the temperature-control heater is automatically turned on. Set the self-control threshold of the heat sink heater to -70°C.

步骤2,向真空仓的热沉通液氮,降低真空仓温度至-150℃,由于两相流体回路的蒸汽管路2、储液器4、控制阀5和液体管路6被多层隔热组件包裹,其降温速率慢,散热板的降温速率最快,为提高两相流体回路各部件的降温速率,在降温过程中,开启模拟热源15,使得两相流体回路运行,通过散热板中的冷凝管路带动蒸发器、储液器降温,加快蒸发器的降温速率,直到将储液器的温度降至-60℃,当储液器温度在半小时维持不变或单调变化小于1℃/h时,认为工况平衡。储液器的温度即为两相流体回路的工作温度。Step 2, pass liquid nitrogen to the heat sink of the vacuum chamber, reduce the temperature of the vacuum chamber to -150°C, because the steam pipeline 2, the liquid reservoir 4, the control valve 5 and the liquid pipeline 6 of the two-phase fluid circuit are separated by multiple layers The cooling rate of the thermal component is slow, and the cooling rate of the cooling plate is the fastest. In order to increase the cooling rate of the components of the two-phase fluid circuit, during the cooling process, the simulated heat source 15 is turned on to make the two-phase fluid circuit run. The condensing pipeline drives the evaporator and liquid receiver to cool down, and speeds up the cooling rate of the evaporator until the temperature of the liquid receiver drops to -60°C. When the temperature of the liquid receiver remains unchanged for half an hour or the monotonous change is less than 1°C /h, the working condition is considered to be balanced. The temperature of the reservoir is the operating temperature of the two-phase fluid circuit.

步骤3,极限传热能力测试:维持储液器的温度为-60℃,按照一定的步长增加蒸发器的加热功率(即模拟热源的加热功率),在每次增加模拟热源的加热功率的同时同步减小散热板加热器的加热功率,使储液器的温度维持在-60℃且两相流体回路工况平衡,直至散热板加热器的加热功率为零或者因蒸发器的温度突升导致无法维持工况平衡。当散热板加热功率为0时,散热板达到此工作温度下的最大散热能力,蒸发器加热功率的继续提升会使得储液器的温度升高,不能继续维持在-60℃。当蒸发器的加热功率大于两相流体回路极限传热能力时,蒸发器内的液体被烧干,导致蒸发器的温度突升。因此,散热板加热器的加热功率为零时或者蒸发器的温度突升前一平衡时刻的蒸发器的加热功率为该工作温度下两相流体回路的极限传热能力。Step 3, limit heat transfer capacity test: maintain the temperature of the liquid reservoir at -60°C, increase the heating power of the evaporator (that is, the heating power of the simulated heat source) according to a certain step size, and increase the heating power of the simulated heat source each time Simultaneously reduce the heating power of the radiator heater, so that the temperature of the liquid reservoir is maintained at -60°C and the two-phase fluid circuit is balanced, until the heating power of the radiator heater is zero or the temperature of the evaporator suddenly rises This makes it impossible to maintain the balance of working conditions. When the heating power of the radiator plate is 0, the radiator plate reaches the maximum heat dissipation capacity at this working temperature, and the continuous increase of the heating power of the evaporator will cause the temperature of the liquid reservoir to rise, which cannot continue to be maintained at -60°C. When the heating power of the evaporator is greater than the limit heat transfer capacity of the two-phase fluid circuit, the liquid in the evaporator is burned dry, causing the temperature of the evaporator to rise suddenly. Therefore, when the heating power of the radiator plate heater is zero or the heating power of the evaporator at the equilibrium moment before the temperature of the evaporator suddenly rises is the limit heat transfer capacity of the two-phase fluid circuit at the working temperature.

步骤4,通过降低蒸发器的功率、同时增加散热板的功率,改变储液器的温度为-70℃,依照步骤3的方法,获得-70℃工作温度下两相流体回路的极限传热能力。Step 4. By reducing the power of the evaporator and increasing the power of the radiator plate, the temperature of the liquid reservoir is changed to -70°C. According to the method of step 3, the limit heat transfer capacity of the two-phase fluid circuit at the working temperature of -70°C is obtained. .

步骤5,冻结:Step 5, freeze:

关闭散热板加热器和模拟热源加热器,等待各测点的温度降到-90℃以下,并维持2小时以上,使两相流体回路充分冻结。通过观察各测点温度可知,两相流体回路各部件的冻结顺序为:冷凝管路→储液器→液体管路进口→储液器出口→阀→蒸发器(由于蒸气管路内的氨工质为气态,不会冻结)。由于各部件散热速率不同,各部件冻结结束的先后顺序是:冷凝管路→液体管路进口→储液器→储液器出口→阀→蒸发器。Turn off the heat sink heater and the simulated heat source heater, wait for the temperature of each measuring point to drop below -90°C, and maintain it for more than 2 hours, so that the two-phase fluid circuit is fully frozen. By observing the temperature of each measuring point, it can be seen that the freezing order of the components of the two-phase fluid circuit is: condensate pipeline → liquid reservoir → liquid pipeline inlet → liquid reservoir outlet → valve → evaporator (due to the ammonia in the steam pipeline It is gaseous and will not freeze). Due to the different heat dissipation rates of each component, the sequence of freezing of each component is: condensing pipeline→liquid pipeline inlet→liquid reservoir→liquid reservoir outlet→valve→evaporator.

步骤6,解冻:Step 6, unfreeze:

由于固体工质局部加热变为液体时,对液体加热会导致膨胀,压力升高,会引起管路破裂或爆裂,由于冷凝管路中的工质流入储液器中,其内工质较少,因此先对冷凝管路进行解冻,增大散热板加热功率,使得冷凝管路温度升高至工质凝固点以上,通过控温加热器的控温温度使储液器、液体管路、阀门进行解冻,解冻的功率进行控制,要求各部件均匀升温,至工质凝固点以上了,解冻结束。When the solid working medium is locally heated and turned into a liquid, heating the liquid will cause expansion and pressure rise, which will cause the pipeline to rupture or burst. Since the working medium in the condensation pipeline flows into the liquid receiver, there is less working medium in it. , so first defrost the condensing pipeline, increase the heating power of the radiator plate, so that the temperature of the condensing pipeline rises above the freezing point of the working fluid, and the liquid receiver, liquid pipeline, and valves are controlled by the temperature control temperature of the temperature control heater. Thawing, the power of thawing is controlled, and the temperature of each component is required to be evenly raised until the freezing point of the working fluid is above the freezing point, and the thawing is over.

步骤7,重复步骤3和步骤4,测试两相流体回路在-60℃和-70℃工作温度下的极限传热能力,并与步骤3和步骤4相应工作温度下的极限传热能力进行比较,如果传热能力偏差小于10%,说明冻结失效解冻后不影响两相流体回路的传热性能。如果传热能力偏差大于10%,说明冻结失效解冻过程对两相回路具有一定的损害。Step 7, repeat step 3 and step 4, test the limit heat transfer capacity of the two-phase fluid circuit at the operating temperature of -60°C and -70°C, and compare it with the limit heat transfer capacity of step 3 and step 4 at the corresponding operating temperature , if the deviation of heat transfer capacity is less than 10%, it means that the heat transfer performance of the two-phase fluid circuit will not be affected after freezing failure and thawing. If the heat transfer capacity deviation is greater than 10%, it indicates that the freezing failure and thawing process has certain damage to the two-phase circuit.

综上所述,以上仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非用于限定本发明的保护范围。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。To sum up, the above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1.一种两相流体回路冻结失效试验方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤: 1. A two-phase fluid circuit freezing failure test method, is characterized in that, comprises the steps: 步骤1,设计试验装置: Step 1, design the test device: 所述试验装置包括散热板(11)、控温加热器、多层隔热组件、温度传感器、模拟热源(15)和回路支架(17);其中,散热板(11)通过隔热垫隔热安装在回路支架(17)的上部;两相流体回路的冷凝管路(3)埋在散热板(11)中,两相流体回路的储液器(4)半埋在散热板(11)中;两相流体回路中的蒸发器(1)隔热安装在回路支架(17)的下部;控温加热器安装在两相流体回路的蒸汽管路(2)、储液器(4)、控制阀(5)和液体管路(6)上;温度传感器安装在两相流体回路的蒸发器(1)、蒸汽管路(2)、冷凝管路(3)、储液器(4)、控制阀(5)和液体管路(6)、模拟热源(15)以及散热板(11)边缘区域上;多层隔热组件包裹在蒸汽管路(2)、储液器(4)、控制阀(5)和液体管路(6)上;模拟热源(15)为RHU同位素电模拟热源,固定安装在蒸发器(1)内;安装为散热板(11)提供工作温度的散热板加热器,所述散热板加热器为安装在散热板外侧空间的红外加热器(16)或者粘贴在散热板上的加热片; The test device comprises a cooling plate (11), a temperature control heater, a multi-layer heat insulation assembly, a temperature sensor, a simulated heat source (15) and a loop support (17); wherein, the cooling plate (11) is insulated by a thermal insulation pad Installed on the upper part of the circuit bracket (17); the condensation pipeline (3) of the two-phase fluid circuit is buried in the heat dissipation plate (11), and the liquid reservoir (4) of the two-phase fluid circuit is half buried in the heat dissipation plate (11) ; The evaporator (1) in the two-phase fluid circuit is thermally insulated and installed at the bottom of the circuit support (17); the temperature control heater is installed on the steam pipeline (2), liquid reservoir (4), control On the valve (5) and the liquid pipeline (6); the temperature sensor is installed on the evaporator (1), steam pipeline (2), condensate pipeline (3), liquid receiver (4), control Valve (5) and liquid pipeline (6), simulated heat source (15) and the edge area of heat dissipation plate (11); multi-layer heat insulation components are wrapped around steam pipeline (2), liquid reservoir (4), control valve (5) and on the liquid pipeline (6); the simulated heat source (15) is a RHU isotope electric simulated heat source, which is fixedly installed in the evaporator (1); the radiator plate heater that provides the working temperature for the radiator plate (11) is installed, The heat dissipation plate heater is an infrared heater (16) installed in the space outside the heat dissipation plate or a heating sheet pasted on the heat dissipation plate; 步骤2,将回路支架(17)放入真空仓(10)中,抽真空,使得真空度小于2×10-3Pa,设置储液器(4)、控制阀(5)、液体管路(6)和蒸气管路(2)上的控温加热器为自控状态,自控门限为-70℃;设置散热板加热器的自控门限为-70℃; Step 2, put the loop bracket (17) into the vacuum chamber (10), pump the vacuum to make the vacuum degree less than 2×10 -3 Pa, set the liquid reservoir (4), control valve (5), liquid pipeline ( 6) and the temperature control heater on the steam pipeline (2) is in a self-control state, and the self-control threshold is -70°C; set the self-control threshold of the heat sink heater to -70°C; 步骤3,向真空仓(10)的热沉通液氮,降低真空仓温度至-150℃;将储液器的温度降至-60℃,且达到两相流体回路工况平衡;所述工况平衡为储液器温度在半小时维持不变或单调变化小于1℃/h;储液器的温度即为两相流体回路的工作温度; Step 3, passing liquid nitrogen to the heat sink of the vacuum chamber (10), lowering the temperature of the vacuum chamber to -150°C; lowering the temperature of the liquid reservoir to -60°C, and reaching the equilibrium of the two-phase fluid circuit; The state equilibrium is that the temperature of the liquid reservoir remains unchanged for half an hour or the monotonous change is less than 1°C/h; the temperature of the liquid reservoir is the working temperature of the two-phase fluid circuit; 步骤4,极限传热能力测试: Step 4, limit heat transfer capacity test: 开启模拟热源,按照一定的步长增加模拟热源的加热功率,在每次增加模拟热源的加热功率的同时减小散热板加热器的加热功率,使储液器的温度维持在T1,-60℃≤T1≤-70℃,且达到两相流体回路工况平衡,直至散热板加热器的加热功率为零或者因蒸发器的温度突升导致无法维持工况平衡,散热板加热器的加热功率为零时或者蒸发器的温度突升前一平衡时刻的模拟热源的加热功率即为T1工作温度下两相流体回路的极限传热能力; Turn on the simulated heat source, increase the heating power of the simulated heat source according to a certain step, and decrease the heating power of the radiator heater while increasing the heating power of the simulated heat source each time, so that the temperature of the liquid reservoir is maintained at T 1 , -60 ℃≤T 1 ≤-70℃, and reach the balance of the two-phase fluid circuit working condition, until the heating power of the radiator heater is zero or the working condition balance cannot be maintained due to the sudden rise of the temperature of the evaporator, the heating of the radiator heater When the power is zero or the heating power of the simulated heat source at the equilibrium moment before the temperature of the evaporator suddenly rises is the limit heat transfer capacity of the two - phase fluid circuit at the working temperature of T1; 步骤5,冻结: Step 5, freeze: 关闭散热板加热器和模拟热源加热器,等待各测点的温度降到-90℃以下,并维持一段时间,使两相流体回路充分冻结; Turn off the heat sink heater and the simulated heat source heater, wait for the temperature of each measuring point to drop below -90°C, and maintain it for a period of time to fully freeze the two-phase fluid circuit; 步骤6,解冻: Step 6, unfreeze: 先开启并增大散热板加热功率,使冷凝管路的温度升高至工质凝固点以上,然后开启储液器、液体管路、控制阀、蒸汽管路的控温加热器和模拟热源,使储液器、液体管路、控制阀、蒸汽管路、蒸发器均匀升温至工质凝固点以上; First turn on and increase the heating power of the radiator plate to raise the temperature of the condensing pipeline to above the freezing point of the working medium, then turn on the liquid receiver, liquid pipeline, control valve, temperature-controlled heater and simulated heat source of the steam pipeline, so that The temperature of the liquid receiver, liquid pipeline, control valve, steam pipeline and evaporator is evenly raised to above the freezing point of the working medium; 步骤7,维持储液器温度为T1,依照步骤4的方法获得解冻后两相流体回路在T1工作温度时的极限传热能力,并与步骤3获得的同样工作温度下的极限传热能力进行比较,如果传热能力偏差小于10%,说明冻结失效解冻后不影响两相流体回路的传热性能;如果传热能力偏差大于10%,说明冻结失效解冻过程对两相回路具有一定的损害。 Step 7, maintain the temperature of the liquid reservoir at T 1 , obtain the limit heat transfer capacity of the two-phase fluid circuit after thawing at the working temperature T 1 according to the method in step 4, and obtain the limit heat transfer capacity at the same working temperature obtained in step 3 If the deviation of heat transfer capacity is less than 10%, it means that the heat transfer performance of the two-phase fluid circuit will not be affected after freezing failure and thawing; damage. 2.如权利要求1所述的两相流体回路冻结失效试验方法,其特征在于,在步骤3中,测量多个低温工作温度的两相流体回路的极限传热能力,在步骤7中测量对应的低温工作温度时的两相流体回路的极限传热能力,计算冻结前后同一工作温度下两相流体回路的极限传热能力偏差,其中,低温工作温度为-60℃~-70℃。 2. two-phase fluid circuit freezing failure test method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in step 3, measure the limit heat transfer capacity of the two-phase fluid circuit of a plurality of low temperature operating temperatures, measure corresponding in step 7 The limit heat transfer capacity of the two-phase fluid circuit at the low temperature working temperature, calculate the limit heat transfer capacity deviation of the two-phase fluid circuit at the same working temperature before and after freezing, where the low temperature working temperature is -60℃~-70℃. 3.如权利要求1或2所述的两相流体回路冻结失效试验方法,其特征在于,所述步骤3的降温过程中,开启模拟热源(15),使得两相流体回路运行,加快蒸发器(1)的降温速率。 3. the two-phase fluid circuit freezing failure test method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that, in the cooling process of described step 3, open simulation heat source (15), make two-phase fluid circuit operation, quicken evaporator (1) The cooling rate. 4.如权利要求1所述的两相流体回路冻结失效试验方法,其特征在于,所述散热板(11)的基板为铝板或蜂窝板,散热板(11)的表面粘贴有OSR片或喷涂高发射率的涂层。 4. two-phase fluid circuit freezing failure test method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the base plate of described heat dissipation plate (11) is aluminum plate or honeycomb plate, and the surface of heat dissipation plate (11) is pasted with OSR sheet or spraying High emissivity coating. 5.如权利要求1所述的两相流体回路冻结失效试验方法,其特征在于,所述温度传感器的安装位置为: 5. two-phase fluid circuit freezing failure test method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the installation position of described temperature sensor is: 蒸发器(1)的4个翅片上沿高度方向分别布置至少2个温度传感器,其中一个位于蒸发器翅片的下端,一个位于蒸发器翅片的上端; At least two temperature sensors are respectively arranged along the height direction on the four fins of the evaporator (1), one of which is located at the lower end of the evaporator fin, and one is located at the upper end of the evaporator fin; 蒸气管路(2)的进口、顶部和出口处分别布置1个温度传感器; A temperature sensor is respectively arranged at the inlet, top and outlet of the steam pipeline (2); 冷凝管路(3)的进口、出口分别布置1个温度传感器,在冷凝管路(3)的翅片上布置至少1个温度传感器; One temperature sensor is arranged at the inlet and outlet of the condensation pipeline (3), and at least one temperature sensor is arranged on the fin of the condensation pipeline (3); 储液器(4)的外表面沿高度方向布置3个温度传感器,分别位于储液器(4)的气空间、气液界面和液体空间; Three temperature sensors are arranged along the height direction on the outer surface of the liquid reservoir (4), respectively located in the gas space, gas-liquid interface and liquid space of the liquid reservoir (4); 连接储液器(4)和控制阀(5)的液体管路上布置至少1个温度传感器,在连接控制阀(5)和蒸发器(1)的液体管路上布置至少1个温度传感器; At least one temperature sensor is arranged on the liquid pipeline connecting the liquid reservoir (4) and the control valve (5), and at least one temperature sensor is arranged on the liquid pipeline connecting the control valve (5) and the evaporator (1); 控制阀(5)上布置1个温度传感器; A temperature sensor is arranged on the control valve (5); 模拟热源(15)上布置至少1个温度传感器; At least one temperature sensor is arranged on the simulated heat source (15); 散热板(11)的内表面的边缘区域布置至少1个温度传感器。 At least one temperature sensor is arranged on the edge area of the inner surface of the cooling plate (11). 6.如权利要求1所述的两相流体回路冻结失效试验方法,其特征在于,所述控温加热器为加热片、加热丝、加热带或加热板。 6. The two-phase fluid circuit freezing failure test method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature-controlled heater is a heating sheet, a heating wire, a heating belt or a heating plate. 7.如权利要求1所述的两相流体回路冻结失效试验方法,其特征在于,所述蒸发器(1)安装在隔热板(12)上,模拟热源(15)放置在蒸发器(1)的内部,模拟热源(15)工装的耳片通过螺钉和隔热垫(13)固定在隔热板(12)上,所述隔热板(12)通过4个隔热柱(14)固定安装在回路支架(17)上。 7. two-phase fluid circuit freezing failure test method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described evaporator (1) is installed on the insulation board (12), and simulated heat source (15) is placed on evaporator (1 ), the lugs of the simulation heat source (15) tooling are fixed on the heat insulation board (12) by screws and heat insulation pads (13), and the heat insulation board (12) is fixed by 4 heat insulation columns (14) Install on the loop support (17). 8.如权利要求7所述的两相流体回路冻结失效试验方法,其特征在于,所述隔热板(12)、隔热垫(13)和隔热柱(14)材料为玻璃钢或聚酰亚胺。 8. two-phase fluid circuit freezing failure test method as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that, described insulation board (12), heat insulation pad (13) and heat insulation column (14) material are glass fiber reinforced plastics or polyamide imine.
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