CN104502392B - Failure test method is freezed in a kind of two-phase fluid loop - Google Patents
Failure test method is freezed in a kind of two-phase fluid loop Download PDFInfo
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- CN104502392B CN104502392B CN201410720800.0A CN201410720800A CN104502392B CN 104502392 B CN104502392 B CN 104502392B CN 201410720800 A CN201410720800 A CN 201410720800A CN 104502392 B CN104502392 B CN 104502392B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of two-phase fluid loop and freeze failure test method. Use the present invention to test in the failure state exceeding under working medium condensation temperature environment two-phase fluid loop, and analyze the impact of freezing two-phase fluid loop heat transfer property. First the present invention has designed test battery device, the operating temperature in the temperature control two-phase fluid loop by control simulation thermal source and heat sink, and design experiment method, freezes failure performance to two-phase fluid loop and tests. Wherein, being furnished with of temperature sensor is beneficial to the state of observing ammonia working medium in two-phase fluid loop, checks whether satisfied temperature requirement of each parts in two-phase fluid loop, can also check whether two-phase fluid loop reaches balance simultaneously.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to spacecraft Evolution of Thermal Control Technique field, relate in particular to a kind of two-phase fluid loop and freeze to lose efficacyTest method.
Background technology
Two-phase fluid circuit technology is the spacecraft Evolution of Thermal Control Technique that recent two decades is given priority to both at home and abroad, mainComprise loop circuit heat pipe technology, driven by mechanical pump two-phase fluid circuit technology, weight-driven two-phase fluid loopTechnology etc. Weight-driven two-phase fluid circuit system is to solve in goddess in the moon's lunar exploration engineering to make an inspection tour device and landing toleranceCross the key technology at moonlit night, by two-phase fluid circuit system, the heat of isotope thermal source is brought into loadIn cabin, ensure that the temperature of the each equipment in load cabin is unlikely to too low. The system group in weight-driven two-phase fluid loopBecome as shown in Figure 1, comprise that evaporimeter 1 (comprises silk screen evaporimeter 7, liquid cyclone 8 and steam junction station9), vapor line 2, condenser pipe 3, reservoir 4, liquid line 6 and control valve 5, wherein, condensationPipeline 3 is positioned at reservoir 4 gravitational fields tops, evaporimeter 1 be positioned at the below of reservoir 4 gravitational fields and withThe coupling of isotope thermal source is installed, and forms the auxiliary height of gravity between the interior liquid level of reservoir 4 and evaporimeter 1 bottomPoor; Reservoir 4 is connected to evaporimeter 1 entrance by liquid line 6, on liquid line 6, is provided with controlValve 5, evaporimeter 1 exports successively and is connected to reservoir 4 by vapor line 2, condenser pipe 3, forms envelopeThe pipe-line system of closing. For guaranteeing that weight-driven two-phase fluid loop has well in-50 DEG C～70 DEG C temperature rangesHeat-transfer character, select ammonia as working media. During moonlit night, weight-driven two-phase fluid circuit controls valve 5Open, start weight-driven two-phase fluid loop, the heat of Isotopes thermal source is introduced to detector inside.During the daytime moon, weight-driven two-phase fluid circuit controls valve 5 cuts out, and closes weight-driven two-phase fluid loop,Blocking-up Isotopes thermal source is to detector internal delivery thermal source.
The operating mode of freezing in two-phase fluid loop is fault condition, in order to prevent in moonscape weight-driven two-phaseFluid circuit heat-transfer capability deficiency or instrument break down, need to be to two-phase fluid loop freezing at low temperaturesOperating mode is tested, and failure mechanism and failure consequence are freezed in checking two-phase fluid loop.
Because weight-driven two-phase fluid circuit technology is the Novel hot control method of spacecraft thermal control, not solidFixed test mode and method of testing. Meanwhile, consider moon rugged environment, need to be to weight-driven twoPhase fluid loop freeze failure procedure and freeze after the heat-transfer capability of thawing test, thereby instruct heavyPower drives the application in-orbit in two-phase fluid loop.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the invention provides a kind of two-phase fluid loop and freeze failure test method, can be to twoPhase fluid loop is tested in the failure state exceeding under working medium condensation temperature environment, and analyzes and freeze twoThe impact of phase fluid loop heat transfer property.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention is achieved in that
Step 1, design experiment device:
Described experimental rig comprises heat sink, temp controlling heater, multilayer insulation assembly, temperature sensor, mouldIntend thermal source and loop support; Wherein, heat sink is by the heat insulation top that is arranged on loop support of heat insulating mattress; TwoThe condenser pipe in phase fluid loop is embedded in heat sink, and the reservoir in two-phase fluid loop is partly embedded in heat sink;The heat insulation bottom that is arranged on loop support of evaporimeter in two-phase fluid loop; Temp controlling heater is arranged on two-phaseOn steam pipework, reservoir, control valve and the liquid line of fluid circuit; Temperature sensor is arranged on two-phaseEvaporimeter, steam pipework, condenser pipe, reservoir, control valve and the liquid line of fluid circuit, simulationOn thermal source and heat sink fringe region; Multilayer insulation assembly is wrapped in steam pipework, reservoir, control valveOn liquid line; Simulation thermal source is RHU isotope electrical analogue thermal source, is fixedly mounted in evaporimeter; PeaceFill the heat sink heater that operating temperature is provided for heat sink, described heat sink heater is for being arranged on heat sinkThe infrared heater of outer space or stick on the heating plate on heat sink;
Step 2, puts into vacuum storehouse by loop support, vacuumizes, and makes vacuum be less than 2 × 10-3Pa, establishesThe temp controlling heater of putting on reservoir, control valve, liquid line and vapor line is automatic control state, automatically controlled doorBe limited to-70 DEG C; The automatically controlled door that heat sink heater is set is limited to-70 DEG C;
Step 3, to the heat sink logical liquid nitrogen in vacuum storehouse, reduces vacuum storehouse temperature to-150 DEG C; By the temperature of reservoirDegree is down to-60 DEG C, and reaches two-phase fluid loop operating mode balance; Described operating mode balance is that reservoir temperature is halfHour remain unchanged or monotone variation is less than 1 DEG C/h; The temperature of reservoir is the work temperature in two-phase fluid loopDegree;
Step 4, the test of limit heat-transfer capability:
Open simulation thermal source, increase the heating power of simulation thermal source according to certain step-length, at each mould that increasesThe heating power that reduces heat sink heater when intending the heating power of thermal source, maintains the temperature of reservoirAt T1，-60℃≤T1≤-70 DEG C, and reach two-phase fluid loop operating mode balance, until the adding of heat sink heaterThermal power is zero or because the sudden temperature rise of evaporimeter causes maintaining operating mode balance, heat sink heaterHeating power be the last balance moment of sudden temperature rise of 1 o'clock or evaporimeter simulation thermal source heating powerFor T1The limit heat-transfer capability in two-phase fluid loop under operating temperature;
Step 5, freeze:
Close heat sink heater and simulation heat source heater, wait for that the temperature of each measuring point drops to-below 90 DEG C,And maintain a period of time, two-phase fluid loop is fully freezed;
Step 6, thaw:
First open and increase heat sink heating power, making more than the temperature of condenser pipe is increased to working medium freezing point,Then temp controlling heater and the simulation thermal source of opening reservoir, liquid line, valve, steam pipework, make storageMore than liquid device, liquid line, valve, steam pipework, evaporimeter are evenly warming up to working medium freezing point;
Step 7, maintaining reservoir temperature is T1, after thawing according to the method acquisition of step 4, two-phase fluid returnsRoad is at T1Limit heat-transfer capability when operating temperature, and the limit under the same operating temperature obtaining with step 3Heat-transfer capability compares, if heat-transfer capability deviation is less than 10%, illustrates after freezing inefficacy thaws and not affectingThe heat transfer property in two-phase fluid loop; If heat-transfer capability deviation is greater than 10%, illustrating freezes to lose efficacy thawedJourney has certain infringement to quarter-phase circuit.
Wherein, in step 3, measure the limit heat transfer energy in the two-phase fluid loop of multiple low-temperature working temperaturePower, the limit heat-transfer capability in the two-phase fluid loop measure corresponding low-temperature working temperature in step 7 time,The limit heat-transfer capability deviation in two-phase fluid loop under the same operating temperature in front and back is freezed in calculating, wherein, and low temperatureOperating temperature is-60 DEG C～-70 DEG C.
In the temperature-fall period of described step 3, open simulation thermal source, make the operation of two-phase fluid loop, accelerateThe rate of temperature fall of evaporimeter.
The substrate of described heat sink is aluminium sheet or cellular board, and the surface of heat sink is pasted with OSR sheet or sprays highThe coating of emissivity.
The installation site of described temperature sensor is:
On 4 fins of evaporimeter, arrange respectively at least 2 temperature sensors along short transverse, one of themBe positioned at the lower end of evaporator fin, one is positioned at the upper end of evaporator fin;
1 temperature sensor is arranged respectively in import, top and the exit of vapor line;
1 temperature sensor, cloth on the fin of condenser pipe are arranged respectively in import, the outlet of condenser pipePut at least 1 temperature sensor;
The outer surface of reservoir is arranged 3 temperature sensors along short transverse, lays respectively at the gas sky of reservoirBetween, gas-liquid interface and fluid space;
On the liquid line of connection reservoir and control valve, arrange at least 1 temperature sensor, connecting controlOn the liquid line of valve and evaporimeter, arrange at least 1 temperature sensor;
On control valve, arrange 1 temperature sensor;
On simulation thermal source, arrange at least 1 temperature sensor;
The fringe region of the inner surface of heat sink is arranged at least 1 temperature sensor.
Described temp controlling heater is heating plate, heater strip, heating tape or heating plate.
Described evaporimeter is arranged on thermal insulation board, and simulation thermal source is placed on the inside of evaporimeter, simulation thermal source workThe auricle of dress is fixed on thermal insulation board by screw and heat insulating mattress, and described thermal insulation board is fixed by 4 heat insulation postsBe arranged on the support of loop.
Described thermal insulation board, heat insulating mattress and heat insulation column material are fiberglass or polyimides.
Beneficial effect:
(1) failure state that adopts the present invention to freeze under operating mode two-phase fluid is tested, and to thawingAfter the heat transfer property in two-phase fluid loop analyze, evaluate the impact of freezing two-phase fluid loop.
(2) because condenser pipe is different with evaporimeter rate of temperature fall, in temperature-fall period, strengthen simulation thermal sourceHeating power can make the temperature increase of evaporimeter, and the ammonia working medium in two-phase fluid loop is by the heat of evaporimeterAmount is passed to condenser pipe, can improve the rate of temperature fall of evaporimeter.
(3) substrate of heat sink is elected aluminium sheet or cellular board as, pastes OSR sheet or sprays occurred frequently on its surfacePenetrate the coating of rate, be conducive to improve the rate of heat dissipation of heat sink.
(4) being furnished with of temperature sensor is beneficial to the state of observing ammonia working medium in two-phase fluid loop, Neng GouchaSee the freezing process of the each parts in two-phase fluid loop, and can check the non-two-phase fluid under operating mode that freezesWhether the temperature of the each parts in loop meets the demands, and whether two-phase fluid loop reaches balance.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is weight-driven two-phase fluid circuit system composition schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is two-phase fluid loop Vacuum Heat performance test apparatus schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is the scheme of installation of two-phase fluid loop evaporator.
Fig. 4 is the layout schematic diagram of the temperature sensor on two-phase fluid loop.
Fig. 5 is the layout schematic diagram of the upper temperature sensor of heat sink (comprising condenser pipe).
Wherein, 1-evaporimeter, 2-steam pipework, 3-condenser pipe, 4-reservoir, 5-control valve, 6-liquidPipeline, 7-silk screen evaporimeter, 8-liquid cyclone, 9-steam convergence device, 10-vacuum storehouse, 11-heat sink,12-thermal insulation board, 13-heat insulating mattress, the heat insulation post of 14-, 15-simulates thermal source, 16-infrared heater, 17-props up in loopFrame.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing embodiment that develops simultaneously, describe the present invention.
The invention provides a kind of two-phase fluid loop and freeze failure test method, the method is based on as Fig. 2 instituteThe experimental rig showing carries out experimental test, and described experimental rig comprises heat sink 11, temp controlling heater, multilayerInsulating assembly, temperature sensor, simulation thermal source 15 and loop support 17.
Wherein, two-phase fluid loop and heat sink 11 are heat insulation to be arranged on loop support 17, heat sink 11 useThe heat insulation top that is arranged on loop support 17 of heat insulating mattress, for simulating two-phase fluid loop radiator portion in-orbit;The condenser pipe 3 in two-phase fluid loop is embedded in heat sink 11, and the reservoir 4 half in two-phase fluid loop is embedded inIn heat sink 11, be positioned at the exit of condenser pipe 3; The heat insulation installation of evaporimeter 1 in two-phase fluid loopIn the bottom of loop support 17, be positioned at the below of condenser pipe 3; Temp controlling heater is arranged on two-phase fluid and returnsOn steam pipework 2, reservoir 4, control valve 5 and the liquid line 6 on road, prevent that pipeline from freezing; Temperature passesSensor is arranged on evaporimeter 1, steam pipework 2, condenser pipe 3, reservoir 4, the control in two-phase fluid loopValve 5 processed and liquid line 6, and on heat sink 11, for measuring the each parts in two-phase fluid loop and looseThe temperature of hot plate, the ruuning situation in detection two-phase fluid loop; Multilayer insulation assembly be arranged on steam pipework 2,On reservoir 4, control valve 5 and liquid line 6, be used for preventing that pipeline portions environment from leaking heat, simulate work in-orbitCondition; Simulation thermal source 15 adopts RHU isotope electrical analogue thermal source, is fixedly mounted in evaporimeter 1, is used forSimulation isotope heater element, simulation thermal source 15 is also the temp controlling heater of evaporimeter 1 simultaneously; Loop support17 are placed in vacuum storehouse 10, and vacuum storehouse 10 provides temperature to be not more than 80K, and vacuum is less than 2 × 10-3paVacuum environment.
Wherein, the substrate of heat sink can adopt the good material of the heat conductivility such as aluminium sheet or cellular board to make,Its outer surface is pasted with OSR sheet, or the coating of spraying high emissivity, thereby is conducive to heat radiation.
Heat insulation mode between evaporimeter 1, simulation thermal source 15 and loop support 17 as shown in Figure 3, evaporimeter1 is arranged on thermal insulation board 12, and simulation thermal source 15 is placed on the inside of evaporimeter 1, simulation thermal source 15 frocksAuricle be fixed on thermal insulation board 12 by screw and heat insulating mattress 13, described thermal insulation board 12 is heat insulation by 4Post 14 is fixedly mounted on loop support 17. Wherein, thermal insulation board 12, heat insulating mattress 13 and heat insulation post 14 materialsMaterial is the low materials of thermal conductivity such as polyimides or fiberglass. On liquid cyclone 8 lower surfaces and thermal insulation board 12Distance between surface is greater than 10mm, and the effective heat insulation distance between thermal insulation board 12 and loop support 17 is greater than100mm, the external diameter of heat insulating mattress 13 is less than 10mm.
Temperature sensor is thermocouple temperature sensor, and it is arranged as shown in Figure 4. On two-phase fluid loopArrange 34 temperature sensors:
1. on 4 fins of evaporimeter 1, being evenly arranged respectively from the bottom to top 3 temperature along short transverse passesSensor, totally 12, code T 1～T12, also can only arrange sensing in lower end and the upper end of evaporator finDevice, is mainly used for measuring the temperature of liquid refrigerant and gaseous state work in evaporimeter, thus reactive evaporation device 1Duty.
2. arrange respectively 1 temperature sensor in import, top and the exit of vapor line 2, numbering pointWei T13, T14 and T15.
3. on import, outlet and the condenser pipe of condenser pipe 3, arrange 9 temperature sensors, numberingT16～T24, as shown in Figure 5; Condenser pipe 3 is generally provided with fin, for increasing heat radiation area, and temperatureSensor is generally arranged on fin.
4. arrange 3 temperature sensors at the outer surface of reservoir 4 along short transverse, code T 25～T27,Be respectively used to measure the temperature of gas, gas-liquid interface and liquid in reservoir 4.
5. liquid line 6 is divided into two sections, one section of connection reservoir 3 and control valve 5, and another section connects control valve5 and evaporimeter 1. Wherein, arrange 1 in the midpoint of the liquid line that connects reservoir 3 and control valve 5Temperature sensor, code T 28; Connecting the inlet and outlet of liquid line of control valve 5 and evaporimeter 1Arrange respectively 1 temperature sensor, numbering is respectively T31 and T32, also can connect control valve 5 HesThe midpoint of the liquid line of evaporimeter 1 is arranged 1 temperature sensor.
6. on control valve 5, arrange temperature sensor. If control valve 5 is by two parallel valves (a valve and b valve)Composition is arranged respectively 1 temperature sensor on a valve and b valve, and numbering is respectively T29 and T30;
7. on simulation thermal source, arrange 2 temperature sensors, be numbered T33 and T34;
8. arrange 4 temperature sensors at the fringe region of the inner surface of heat sink 11, be numbered T35 andT38,4 temperature sensors are apart from heat sink edge 100mm, as shown in Figure 5.
Temperature sensor position is point position.
Temp controlling heater can be heating plate, heater strip, heating tape, heating plate or other mode of heatings, adoptsBy the mode of PID control or break-make temperature control, be mainly to prevent that the each parts in two-phase fluid loop are frozen. Wherein,Temp controlling heater on reservoir 4 adopts 2 heating plates that are installed in series on reservoir 4 to realize; Control valve 5On temp controlling heater adopt on the liquid line connecting at control valve 5 heating tape be installed, as shown in Figure 2(pipeline between pipeline, measuring point 29 and measuring point 31, measuring point 28 and measuring point 30 between measuring point 28 and measuring point 29Between pipeline between pipeline, side point 30 and measuring point 31) 1 heating tape is installed respectively, 4 heating tapes series connection,Every section of pipeline is about 50mm; Temp controlling heater on liquid line 6 adopts the measuring point on liquid line 631 and measuring point 32 between 1 heating tape be installed realize; Temp controlling heater on vapor line 2 adopts 3 stringsRealize the heating tape that connection is installed.
Temp controlling heater on reservoir 4, control valve 5, liquid line 6 and vapor line 2 mainly rises and preventsThe effect that pipeline freezes.
The temperature control of evaporimeter 1 relies on the simulation thermal source 15 of installing therein to realize. Owing to conducting heatCheng Zhong, the heat of isotope thermal source is taken away by two-phase fluid circuit transmission, the temperature on isotope thermal source self surfaceDegree can be reduced to consistent with the temperature of evaporimeter.
Condenser pipe 2 is embedded in heat sink 11, basically identical with the temperature of heat sink 11, heat sink 11Temperature control rely on and be arranged on the infrared heater 16 in heat sink 11 outsides or stick on heat sinkHeating plate realize.
Wherein, the temperature of control heat sink 11 is-60 DEG C～50 DEG C. In the running of two-phase fluid loopThe heat transfer process of ammonia working medium, evaporimeter 1, steam pipework 2, condenser pipe 3, reservoir 4, control valve 5With the temperature of liquid line 6 substantially within the scope of-55 DEG C～50 DEG C. Wherein, the temperature of reservoir 4 is two-phaseThe operating temperature of fluid circuit.
(evaporimeter 1 top, near steaming to select measuring point T1 (evaporimeter 1 bottom, near the outlet of liquid line 6), T3The import of air pipe 2), T14 (vapor line 2 middle parts), T17 (condenser pipe 3 imports), (condenser pipe 3 goes out T23Mouthful), T25 (reservoir 4 tops, i.e. reservoir headroom), T27 (reservoir bottom), T29～T30 (control valve a andControl valve b), T31 (liquid line 6 imports), T35～T38 (4 angles of heat sink 11) be temperature monitoringPoint, whether satisfied temperature requirement of monitoring simulation thermal source 15, heat sink 11 and two-phase fluid loop is meanwhile, logicalCross the temperature of C.T monitoring point and other measuring points, judge whether to reach balance.
Utilize above-mentioned experimental rig to carry out two-phase fluid loop and freeze failure test, check that two-phase fluid loop existsFreeze the freezing process under operating mode, and the limit heat transfer property in two-phase fluid loop after thawing, evaluation is freezedOn the impact in two-phase fluid loop. Wherein, the operating temperature in two-phase fluid loop is the temperature of reservoir 4,In test process, rely on the temperature of the temperature change reservoir 4 that changes evaporimeter 1 and heat sink 11, liquid storageTemp controlling heater on device 4, control valve 5, liquid line 6 and vapor line 2 is only for two-phase fluid loopIn the thawing of each parts, because the working medium in two-phase fluid loop is ammonia, its set point is-77 DEG C, is testFreeze the impact of operating mode on two-phase fluid loop heat transfer property, first test two-phase fluid loop at worst cold caseLimit heat-transfer capability under (60 DEG C～-70 DEG C), then reduces the temperature in two-phase fluid loop to below-77 DEG C,Make it to freeze, observe the freezing process in two-phase fluid loop, then two-phase fluid loop is thawed, andLimit heat-transfer capability under worst cold case after measuring two-phase fluid loop and thawing, and with freeze front same workLimit heat-transfer capability at temperature compares, and checks the impact of freezing two-phase fluid loop heat-transfer capability,Specific implementation step is as follows:
Step 1, puts into vacuum storehouse 10 by loop support 17, vacuumizes that (vacuum is less than 2 × 10-3pa)，The temp controlling heater arranging on reservoir 4, control valve 5, liquid line 6 and vapor line 2 is automatic control state,Automatically controlled door is limited to-70 DEG C, and, when temperature is less than automatically controlled door in limited time, temp controlling heater is opened automatically. Heat radiation is setThe automatically controlled door of board heating apparatus is limited to-70 DEG C.
Step 2, to the heat sink logical liquid nitrogen in vacuum storehouse, reduces vacuum storehouse temperature to-150 DEG C, due to two-phase fluidSteam pipework 2, reservoir 4, control valve 5 and the liquid line 6 in loop are wrapped up by multilayer insulation assembly, itsRate of temperature fall is slow, and the rate of temperature fall of heat sink is the fastest, for improving the rate of temperature fall of the each parts in two-phase fluid loop,In temperature-fall period, open simulation thermal source 15, make two-phase fluid loop operation, cold by heat sinkSolidifying pipeline drives evaporimeter, reservoir cooling, accelerates the rate of temperature fall of evaporimeter, until by the temperature of reservoirDegree is down to-60 DEG C, when reservoir temperature remained unchanged or when monotone variation is less than 1 DEG C/h, thinks in half an hourOperating mode balance. The temperature of reservoir is the operating temperature in two-phase fluid loop.
Step 3, limit heat-transfer capability test: the temperature that maintains reservoir is-60 DEG C, according to certain step-lengthIncrease the heating power (simulating the heating power of thermal source) of evaporimeter, in each heating that increases simulation thermal sourceWhen power, synchronously reduce the heating power of heat sink heater, the temperature of reservoir is maintained-60 DEG C andTwo-phase fluid loop operating mode balance, until the heating power of heat sink heater is zero or because of the temperature of evaporimeterDegree jumps and causes maintaining operating mode balance. In the time that heat sink heating power is 0, heat sink reaches this workMaximum heat-sinking capability at temperature, the continuation lifting of evaporimeter heating power can make the temperature of reservoir raise,Can not continue to maintain-60 DEG C. In the time that the heating power of evaporimeter is greater than two-phase fluid loop limit heat-transfer capability,Liquid in evaporimeter is dryouied, and causes the sudden temperature rise of evaporimeter. Therefore, the heating of heat sink heaterPower is that the heating power of the evaporimeter in the last balance moment of sudden temperature rise of 1 o'clock or evaporimeter is this workThe limit heat-transfer capability in two-phase fluid loop at temperature.
Step 4, by reduce evaporimeter power, increase the power of heat sink simultaneously, change the temperature of reservoirDegree is for-70 DEG C, and according to the method for step 3, the limit that obtains two-phase fluid loop under-70 DEG C of operating temperatures is conducted heatAbility.
Step 5, freeze:
Close heat sink heater and simulation heat source heater, wait for that the temperature of each measuring point drops to-below 90 DEG C,And maintain more than 2 hours, two-phase fluid loop is fully freezed. Known by observing each measuring point temperature, twoThe order of freezing of the each parts in phase fluid loop is: condenser pipe → reservoir → liquid line import → reservoirOutlet → valve → evaporimeter (because the ammonia working medium in vapor line is gaseous state, can not freeze). Due to each partsRate of heat dispation difference, the sequencing that each parts freeze to finish is: the import → storage of condenser pipe → liquid lineLiquid device → reservoir outlet → valve → evaporimeter.
Step 6, thaw:
While becoming liquid due to solid working medium local heat, can cause expanding to heating liquid, pressure raises,Can cause pipe breakage or explosion, because the working medium in condenser pipe flows in reservoir, in it, working medium is less,Therefore first condenser pipe is thawed, increase heat sink heating power, condenser pipe temperature is increased toMore than working medium freezing point, by the control temperature of temp controlling heater, reservoir, liquid line, valve are carried outThaw, the power thawing is controlled, and requires each parts evenly to heat up, to more than working medium freezing point, separateFreeze bundle.
Step 7, repeating step 3 and step 4, test two-phase fluid loop is-60 DEG C and-70 DEG C of operating temperaturesUnder limit heat-transfer capability, and carry out with the limit heat-transfer capability at step 3 and step 4 relevant work temperatureRelatively, if heat-transfer capability deviation is less than 10%, illustrates after freezing inefficacy thaws and not affecting two-phase fluid loopHeat transfer property. If heat-transfer capability deviation is greater than 10%, illustrate that the course of defrosting of freezing to lose efficacy is to quarter-phase circuitThere is certain infringement.
In sum, these are only preferred embodiment of the present invention, be not intended to limit guarantor of the present inventionProtect scope. Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment of doing, be equal to replacement, improvement etc.,Within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a failure test method is freezed in two-phase fluid loop, it is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
Step 1, design experiment device:
Described experimental rig comprises heat sink (11), temp controlling heater, multilayer insulation assembly, temperature sensor, simulation thermal source (15) and loop support (17); Wherein, heat sink (11) is by the heat insulation top that is arranged on loop support (17) of heat insulating mattress; The condenser pipe (3) in two-phase fluid loop is embedded in heat sink (11), and the reservoir (4) in two-phase fluid loop is partly embedded in heat sink (11); The heat insulation bottom that is arranged on loop support (17) of evaporimeter (1) in two-phase fluid loop; Temp controlling heater is arranged on steam pipework (2), reservoir (4), control valve (5) and the liquid line (6) in two-phase fluid loop; Temperature sensor is arranged on evaporimeter (1), steam pipework (2), condenser pipe (3), reservoir (4), control valve (5) and liquid line (6), simulation thermal source (15) and heat sink (11) fringe region in two-phase fluid loop; Multilayer insulation assembly is wrapped on steam pipework (2), reservoir (4), control valve (5) and liquid line (6); Simulation thermal source (15) is RHU isotope electrical analogue thermal source, is fixedly mounted in evaporimeter (1); Be installed as heat sink (11) the heat sink heater of operating temperature is provided, described heat sink heater is the infrared heater (16) that is arranged on heat sink outer space or sticks on the heating plate on heat sink;
Step 2, puts into vacuum storehouse (10) by loop support (17), vacuumizes, and makes vacuum be less than 2 × 10-3Pa, the temp controlling heater arranging on reservoir (4), control valve (5), liquid line (6) and vapor line (2) is automatic control state, automatically controlled door is limited to-70 DEG C; The automatically controlled door that heat sink heater is set is limited to-70 DEG C;
Step 3, to the heat sink logical liquid nitrogen of vacuum storehouse (10), reduces vacuum storehouse temperature to-150 DEG C; The temperature of reservoir is down to-60 DEG C, and reaches two-phase fluid loop operating mode balance; To be reservoir temperature remain unchanged or monotone variation is less than 1 DEG C/h in half an hour described operating mode balance; The temperature of reservoir is the operating temperature in two-phase fluid loop;
Step 4, the test of limit heat-transfer capability:
Open simulation thermal source, increase the heating power of simulation thermal source according to certain step-length, in each heating power that increases simulation thermal source, reduce the heating power of heat sink heater, make the temperature of reservoir maintain T1，-60℃≤T1≤-70 DEG C, and reach two-phase fluid loop operating mode balance, until the heating power of heat sink heater is zero or because the sudden temperature rise of evaporimeter causes maintaining operating mode balance, the heating power of heat sink heater is that the heating power of the simulation thermal source in the last balance moment of sudden temperature rise of 1 o'clock or evaporimeter is T1The limit heat-transfer capability in two-phase fluid loop under operating temperature;
Step 5, freeze:
Close heat sink heater and simulation heat source heater, wait for that the temperature of each measuring point drops to-below 90 DEG C, and maintain a period of time, two-phase fluid loop is fully freezed;
Step 6, thaw:
First open and increase heat sink heating power, make more than the temperature of condenser pipe is increased to working medium freezing point, then open temp controlling heater and the simulation thermal source of reservoir, liquid line, control valve, steam pipework, make more than reservoir, liquid line, control valve, steam pipework, evaporimeter be evenly warming up to working medium freezing point;
Step 7, maintaining reservoir temperature is T1, after thawing according to the method acquisition of step 4, two-phase fluid loop is at T1Limit heat-transfer capability when operating temperature, and limit heat-transfer capability under the same operating temperature obtaining with step 3 compares, if heat-transfer capability deviation is less than 10%, illustrating freezes to lose efficacy does not affect the heat transfer property in two-phase fluid loop after thawing; If heat-transfer capability deviation is greater than 10%, illustrate that the course of defrosting of freezing to lose efficacy has certain infringement to quarter-phase circuit.
2. failure test method is freezed in two-phase fluid as claimed in claim 1 loop, it is characterized in that, in step 3, measure the limit heat-transfer capability in the two-phase fluid loop of multiple low-temperature working temperature, the limit heat-transfer capability in the two-phase fluid loop measure corresponding low-temperature working temperature in step 7 time, the limit heat-transfer capability deviation in two-phase fluid loop under the same operating temperature in front and back is freezed in calculating, and wherein, low-temperature working temperature is-60 DEG C～-70 DEG C.
3. failure test method is freezed in two-phase fluid as claimed in claim 1 or 2 loop, it is characterized in that, in the temperature-fall period of described step 3, open simulation thermal source (15), make the operation of two-phase fluid loop, accelerate the rate of temperature fall of evaporimeter (1).
4. failure test method is freezed in two-phase fluid as claimed in claim 1 loop, it is characterized in that, the substrate of described heat sink (11) is aluminium sheet or cellular board, and the surface of heat sink (11) is pasted with the coating of OSR sheet or spraying high emissivity.
5. failure test method is freezed in two-phase fluid as claimed in claim 1 loop, it is characterized in that, the installation site of described temperature sensor is:
On 4 fins of evaporimeter (1), arrange respectively at least 2 temperature sensors along short transverse, one of them is positioned at the lower end of evaporator fin, and one is positioned at the upper end of evaporator fin;
1 temperature sensor is arranged respectively in import, top and the exit of vapor line (2);
1 temperature sensor is arranged respectively in import, the outlet of condenser pipe (3), arranges at least 1 temperature sensor on the fin of condenser pipe (3);
The outer surface of reservoir (4) is arranged 3 temperature sensors along short transverse, lays respectively at headroom, gas-liquid interface and the fluid space of reservoir (4);
On the liquid line of connection reservoir (4) and control valve (5), arrange at least 1 temperature sensor, on the liquid line that connects control valve (5) and evaporimeter (1), arrange at least 1 temperature sensor;
1 temperature sensor of the upper layout of control valve (5);
At least 1 temperature sensor of the upper layout of simulation thermal source (15);
The fringe region of the inner surface of heat sink (11) is arranged at least 1 temperature sensor.
6. failure test method is freezed in two-phase fluid as claimed in claim 1 loop, it is characterized in that, described temp controlling heater is heating plate, heater strip, heating tape or heating plate.
7. failure test method is freezed in two-phase fluid as claimed in claim 1 loop, it is characterized in that, described evaporimeter (1) is arranged on thermal insulation board (12), simulation thermal source (15) is placed on the inside of evaporimeter (1), it is upper that the auricle of simulation thermal source (15) frock is fixed on thermal insulation board (12) by screw and heat insulating mattress (13), and described thermal insulation board (12) is fixedly mounted on loop support (17) by 4 heat insulation posts (14).
8. failure test method is freezed in two-phase fluid as claimed in claim 7 loop, it is characterized in that, described thermal insulation board (12), heat insulating mattress (13) and heat insulation post (14) material are fiberglass or polyimides.
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| EP3229015B1 (en) * | 2014-12-02 | 2019-10-30 | Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering | Vacuum thermal performance test device for two-phase fluid loop, and method |
| CN109552675B (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-09-03 | 北京航天长征飞行器研究所 | Multiple orbital attitudes background radiation Dynamic Simulation Method and device |
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| CN201222041Y (en) * | 2008-06-02 | 2009-04-15 | 昆明理工大学 | Apparatus for measuring forced convection heat-exchange coefficient in fluid tube |
| US8573834B2 (en) * | 2011-05-14 | 2013-11-05 | Honeywell Asca Inc. | Connectionless cooling system |
| CN202599884U (en) * | 2012-04-25 | 2012-12-12 | 浙江桑乐数字化太阳能有限公司 | Test bed for thermal performance detecting system of all-glass vacuum heat-collecting tube |
| CN103713010A (en) * | 2014-01-08 | 2014-04-09 | 天津大学 | Quick-release testing device and method for measuring heat transfer process under condition of high heat flux density |
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