CN104501445A - Electric vehicle waste heat utilization variable-frequency thermal pump air conditioning system and method thereof - Google Patents
Electric vehicle waste heat utilization variable-frequency thermal pump air conditioning system and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104501445A CN104501445A CN201410764030.XA CN201410764030A CN104501445A CN 104501445 A CN104501445 A CN 104501445A CN 201410764030 A CN201410764030 A CN 201410764030A CN 104501445 A CN104501445 A CN 104501445A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B27/00—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy
- F25B27/002—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy using solar energy
- F25B27/005—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy using solar energy in compression type systems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B27/00—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy
- F25B27/02—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy using waste heat, e.g. from internal-combustion engines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B47/00—Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2347/00—Details for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
- Y02A30/274—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies using waste energy, e.g. from internal combustion engine
Abstract
The invention discloses an electric vehicle waste heat utilization variable-frequency thermal pump air conditioning system and a method thereof. The electric vehicle waste heat utilization variable-frequency thermal pump air conditioning system comprises a low-pressure-stage variable-speed horizontal vortex compressor driven by an internal alternating current motor, a high-pressure-stage compressor, an internal heat exchanger, an external heat exchanger, an internal fan, an external fan, a intercooler, a waste heat recovering loop and the like, wherein the waste heat recovering loop consists of a waste heat recovering radiator, a waste heat discharging radiator, an electric water pump, an electric element water cooling device and the like; the waste heat recovering radiator is arranged in front of the external heat exchanger; in a heating cycle, the temperature around the external heat exchanger is raised through heat discharged by the waste heat recovering radiator, so that the working condition of a thermal pump is improved. By adopting the system, cooling in an optimal way in summer and single-stage heating under a general working condition and dual-stage heating under a low-temperature condition in winter are realized for an electric vehicle; meanwhile, the waste heat of electric elements on the electric vehicle can be used for melting frost on the external heat exchanger, so that the running condition of an air conditioner during heating is improved, and the running efficiency of the air conditioning system is increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of automobile air conditioner, particularly relate to a kind of electric motor car Waste Heat Reuse frequency conversion heat pump air-conditioning system and method thereof.
Background technology
Day by day focusing on today of environmental protection, electric motor car, because of its advantage in energy security, environmental protection and sustainable development etc., is subject to paying close attention to more and more widely.And existing automotive air-conditioning system one side Energy Efficiency Ratio is lower, its adopts engine exhaust heat as the thermal source of heating in winter on the other hand, can not be applicable to the heating demands of electric automobile.
Current electric motor car mainly adopts conventional heat pump type air-conditioning system or Electric heating to be car indoor heating.But due to the heating needs of automobile when conventional heat pump type air-conditioning system cannot meet worst cold case; And Electric heating needs to consume a large amount of electric energy, highly shortened the course continuation mileage of electric motor car.Therefore, for promoting application and the popularization of electric motor car further, invent a kind of can adapt to worst cold case, the air conditioning system for electric car of high energy efficiency ratio is problem in the urgent need to address.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to the shortcoming and defect overcoming above-mentioned prior art, provide one to adapt to worst cold case, there is again electric motor car Waste Heat Reuse frequency conversion heat pump air-conditioning system and the method thereof of high energy efficiency ratio; It can not only meet the demand of electric motor car low temperature heating, can also ensure no matter system heats or heat under worst cold case under refrigeration, general operating mode, can run in energy-efficient mode.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of electric motor car Waste Heat Reuse frequency conversion heat pump air-conditioning system, comprises and environmentally operating mode can realize refrigerant circulation loop and the waste heat recovering loop of single/double stage compression automatic switchover; Described refrigerant circulation loop comprises heat exchanger 12 in low-pressure stage compressor 1, first check valve 11, four-way change-over valve 2, car, car external heat exchanger 10, first car inner blower 22, car outer blower fan 21, main expansion valve 5, second check valve 6, the 3rd check valve 7, the 4th check valve 8, the 5th check valve 9, first three-way magnetic valve 13, second three-way magnetic valve 14, high pressure stage compressor assembly 3 and intercooler assembly 4;
Described waste heat recovering loop comprises Waste Heat Recovery radiator 15, waste heat discharge radiator 18, electric water pump 16, electrical equipment water cooling plant 17, Waste Heat Recovery control valve 19 and waste heat discharge control valve 20;
Described high pressure stage compressor assembly 3 is made up of high pressure stage compressor 31, the 6th check valve 32 and single twin-stage switching control valve 33;
The connecting line that described intercooler assembly 4 is imported and exported by middle throttle expansion valve 41, intercooler 42 and cold-producing medium thereof forms;
Described low-pressure stage compressor 1, car internal fan motor 22 and car external fan motor 21 all adopt respective Frequency Converter Control, realize speed governing;
Described low-pressure stage compressor 1 is connected with car external heat exchanger 10 successively by heat exchanger 12, first three-way magnetic valve 13, second three-way magnetic valve 14, main expansion valve 5 in the first check valve 11, four-way change-over valve 2, single twin-stage switching control valve 33, car;
The import of described main expansion valve 5 is connected with the outlet of the 3rd check valve 7 with the outlet of the second check valve 6 simultaneously; The outlet of described main expansion valve 5 is connected with the import of the 5th check valve 9 with the import of the 4th check valve 8 simultaneously;
Described high pressure stage compressor 31 forms high pressure stage compressor assembly 3 with the series pipe of the 6th check valve 32 is in parallel with single twin-stage switching control valve 33 pipeline;
Described advanced compression thermomechanical components 3 one end is connected with heat exchanger in car 12, and the other end exports with the refrigerant vapour of intercooler assembly 4 with the d mouth of four-way change-over valve 2 simultaneously and is connected;
The refrigerant inlet of described intercooler assembly 4 is connected with the c mouth of the first triple valve 13, and the outlet of refrigerant high pressure subcooled liquid is connected with the c mouth of the second triple valve 14, and the saturated vapor outlet of cold-producing medium is connected with the air entry of high pressure stage compressor 31;
The refrigerant gas of the saturated vapor outlet of described intercooler assembly 4 mixes in pipeline with the medium temperature and medium pressure refrigerant gas from low-pressure stage compressor 1, enter high pressure stage compressor 31 after pressing through heat steam in becoming, realize not exclusively cooling in the middle of cold-producing medium.
Described waste heat recovering loop, closed circuit and waste heat discharge closed circuit is utilized to form by Waste Heat Recovery, in loop, electric water pump 16 is connected with electrical equipment water cooling plant 17, its coolant outlet one end is connected with Waste Heat Recovery radiator 15 by Waste Heat Recovery control valve 19, form Waste Heat Recovery and utilize closed circuit, the other end of its coolant outlet is connected with waste heat discharge radiator 18 by waste heat discharge control valve 20, forms waste heat discharge closed circuit.
Described electrical equipment water cooling plant 17 is made up of the water-cooled block be arranged on respectively on electrical equipment and connecting water pipe, for collecting the used heat that heating electrical equipment produces.
Described low-pressure stage compressor 1 adopts the vortex compressor of automobile of built-in 3 phase induction machines, and uses variable-frequency power sources to drive; Described high pressure stage compressor 31 adopts frequently fixed or frequency conversion vortex compressor of automobile; The ratio of high pressure stage compressor 31 and the rated discharge amount of low-pressure stage compressor 1 is within the scope of 1:3 ~ 1:2.
Described car inner blower 22 is centrifugal blower, and the outer blower fan 21 of car is axial flow blower, they by respective Frequency Converter Control to realize speed governing; The outer blower fan 21 of described car is forced structure, is arranged on Waste Heat Recovery radiator 15 and car external heat exchanger 10 air inlet side.
In described car, heat exchanger 12 and car external heat exchanger 10 are fin-tube type structure, and heat exchanger fin material is hydrophilic aluminium foil; Described main expansion valve 5 and middle throttle expansion valve 41 are any one in electric expansion valve or heating power expansion valve.
Described Waste Heat Recovery radiator 15 is also contained in car external heat exchanger 10 side, and is in car external heat exchanger 10 air inlet front, is 5 ~ 20mm with the distance of car external heat exchanger 10.
The working medium of described waste heat recovering loop is water.
The control method of above-mentioned electric motor car Waste Heat Reuse frequency conversion heat pump air-conditioning system is as follows:
Air-conditioning system runs rate-determining steps in cooling mode:
Now, four-way change-over valve 2 no power in refrigeration cycle, its inner a mouth and b mouth communicates, c mouth and d mouth communicate; Single twin-stage switching control valve 33 is opened, and high pressure stage compressor 31 does not work; First triple valve 13 and the second triple valve 14 are not all opened, and intercooler assembly 4 does not run;
The automobile-used frequency conversion type low-pressure stage compressor 1 that cold-producing medium drives from built-in alternating current generator flows through the first check valve 11 and four-way change-over valve 2, after the heat release of car external environment, heat exchanger 12 in car is flowed into by the 3rd check valve 7, main expansion valve 5, the 4th check valve 8 and the second triple valve 14 and the first triple valve 13 by car external heat exchanger 10, through single twin-stage switching control valve 33 after environment inside car heat absorption, get back to low-pressure stage compressor 1 finally by the d mouth of four-way change-over valve 2 and c mouth, complete kind of refrigeration cycle;
Air-conditioning system operates in the rate-determining steps under single-stage heating mode:
Now, in refrigeration cycle, four-way change-over valve 2 is energized, its inner a mouth and d mouth communicates, b mouth and c mouth communicate; Single twin-stage switching control valve 33 is opened, and high pressure stage compressor 31 does not work; First triple valve 13 and the second triple valve 14 are not all opened, and intercooler assembly 4 does not run;
The automobile-used frequency conversion type low-pressure stage compressor 1 that cold-producing medium drives from built-in alternating current generator flows through the first check valve 11, four-way change-over valve 2 and single twin-stage switching control valve 33, after environment inside car heat release, car external heat exchanger 10 is flowed into through the first triple valve 13, second triple valve 14 and the second check valve 6, main expansion valve 5 and the 5th check valve 9 by heat exchanger in car 12, after the heat absorption of car external environment, get back to low-pressure stage compressor 1 through the b mouth of four-way change-over valve 2 and c mouth, complete single stage compress and heat circulation.
Air-conditioning system operates in the rate-determining steps under twin-stage heating mode:
Now, in refrigeration cycle, four-way change-over valve 2 is energized, its inner a mouth and d mouth communicates, b mouth and c mouth communicate; Single twin-stage switching control valve 33 is closed, and high pressure stage compressor 31 works; First triple valve 13 and the second triple valve 14 are all opened, and intercooler assembly 4 runs;
Cold-producing medium is compressed into the gas of medium temperature and medium pressure by the low-pressure stage compressor 1 that built-in alternating current generator drives, the refrigerant gas exported with the saturated vapor of intercooler 42 after the first check valve 11 and four-way change-over valve 2 mixes in pipeline, the superheated vapor becoming middle pressure enters high pressure stage compressor 31, realizes not exclusively cooling in the middle of cold-producing medium;
The high-temperature high-pressure refrigerant gas that high pressure stage compressor 31 is discharged is after the 6th check valve 32, by heat exchanger in car 12 to environment inside car heat release, be condensed into highly pressurised liquid, in car, heat exchanger 12 high pressure refrigerant liquid is out divided into two-way again after the first triple valve 13: a road enters intercooler 42 after the gas-liquid two-phase cold-producing medium that the throttling of middle throttle expansion valve 41 becomes medium temperature and medium pressure, absorption flows through the heat of intercooler 42 coil pipe inner high voltage refrigerant liquid and evaporates, high pressure stage compressor 31 is together entered in company with the exhaust of low-pressure stage compressor 1 after becoming saturated vapor, another road highly pressurised liquid directly enters the coil pipe of intercooler 42, the outer cold-producing medium of coil pipe internal cause pipe evaporation and obtain excessively cold further, high pressure refrigerant liquid through fully cooling flows into car external heat exchanger 10 through the second triple valve 14, second check valve 6, main expansion valve 5 and the 5th check valve 9, after the heat absorption of car external environment, get back to low-pressure stage compressor 1 through the b mouth of four-way change-over valve 2 and c mouth, complete Two-stage Compression and heat circulation.
Described waste heat recovering loop has Waste Heat Recovery to utilize and waste heat discharge two kinds of mode of operations;
When refrigerant circulation loop is operated in refrigeration mode, waste heat discharge is carried out in the work of waste heat discharge closed circuit;
When refrigerant circulation loop is operated in heating mode, Waste Heat Recovery utilizes closed circuit work to carry out Waste Heat Recovery.
The present invention, relative to prior art, has following advantage and effect:
When heating, by utilizing the used heat of electrical equipment in electric motor car prevent the frosting of car external heat exchanger and improve the temperature around car external heat exchanger, the operating mode of operation of heat pump is improved.Simultaneously, system can environmentally operating mode, automatic switchover single stage compress and Two-stage Compression pattern, at cooling in summer and winter, general operating mode heated time adopt single stage compress, Two-stage Compression is converted in the winter time during worst cold case, so not only meet the heating requirement of winter low temperature operating mode, also make air-conditioning system can run in energy-efficient mode under full working scope.In addition, low-pressure stage compressor and fan electromotor adopt converter technique, make system can be operated in optimum state under any operating mode always.When freezing, the heat on electrical equipment also falls by waste heat discharge heat sink radiates, ensure that the normal work and use life-span of electrical equipment.Native system has not only been saved the energy, has been improve energy utilization rate, and it is low and can not meet the difficult problem of worst cold case heating demands to solve conventional heat pump type air-conditioning system Energy Efficiency Ratio preferably.
Technical measure is easy, is conducive to environmental protection, to accelerating the application of electric motor car and popularizing significant.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 be air-conditioning system in cooling mode, the flow direction schematic diagram of working medium;
Fig. 3 be air-conditioning system under single-stage heating mode, the flow direction schematic diagram of working medium;
Fig. 4 be air-conditioning system under twin-stage heating mode, the flow direction schematic diagram of working medium.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is more specifically described in detail.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1.Electric motor car Waste Heat Reuse frequency conversion heat pump air-conditioning system of the present invention, comprises and environmentally operating mode can realize refrigerant circulation loop and the waste heat recovering loop of single/double stage compression automatic switchover; Described refrigerant circulation loop comprises heat exchanger 12 in low-pressure stage compressor 1, first check valve 11, four-way change-over valve 2, car, car external heat exchanger 10, first car inner blower 22, car outer blower fan 21, main expansion valve 5, second check valve 6, the 3rd check valve 7, the 4th check valve 8, the 5th check valve 9, first three-way magnetic valve 13, second three-way magnetic valve 14, high pressure stage compressor assembly 3 and intercooler assembly 4;
Described waste heat recovering loop comprises Waste Heat Recovery radiator 15, waste heat discharge radiator 18, electric water pump 16, electrical equipment water cooling plant 17, Waste Heat Recovery control valve 19 and waste heat discharge control valve 20;
Described high pressure stage compressor assembly 3 is made up of high pressure stage compressor 31, the 6th check valve 32 and single twin-stage switching control valve 33;
The connecting line that described intercooler assembly 4 is imported and exported by middle throttle expansion valve 41, intercooler 42 and cold-producing medium thereof forms;
Described low-pressure stage compressor 1, car internal fan motor 22 and car external fan motor 21 all adopt respective Frequency Converter Control, realize speed governing;
Described low-pressure stage compressor 1 is connected with car external heat exchanger 10 successively by heat exchanger 12, first three-way magnetic valve 13, second three-way magnetic valve 14, main expansion valve 5 in the first check valve 11, four-way change-over valve 2, single twin-stage switching control valve 33, car;
The import of described main expansion valve 5 is connected with the outlet of the 3rd check valve 7 with the outlet of the second check valve 6 simultaneously; The outlet of described main expansion valve 5 is connected with the import of the 5th check valve 9 with the import of the 4th check valve 8 simultaneously;
Described high pressure stage compressor 31 forms high pressure stage compressor assembly 3 with the series pipe of the 6th check valve 32 is in parallel with single twin-stage switching control valve 33 pipeline;
Described advanced compression thermomechanical components 3 one end is connected with heat exchanger in car 12, and the other end exports with the refrigerant vapour of intercooler assembly 4 with the d mouth of four-way change-over valve 2 simultaneously and is connected;
The refrigerant inlet of described intercooler assembly 4 is connected with the c mouth of the first triple valve 13, and the outlet of refrigerant high pressure subcooled liquid is connected with the c mouth of the second triple valve 14, and the saturated vapor outlet of cold-producing medium is connected with the air entry of high pressure stage compressor 31;
The refrigerant gas of the saturated vapor outlet of described intercooler assembly 4 mixes in pipeline with the medium temperature and medium pressure refrigerant gas from low-pressure stage compressor 1, enter high pressure stage compressor 31 after pressing through heat steam in becoming, realize not exclusively cooling in the middle of cold-producing medium.
Described waste heat recovering loop, closed circuit and waste heat discharge closed circuit is utilized to form by Waste Heat Recovery, in loop, electric water pump 16 is connected with electrical equipment water cooling plant 17, its coolant outlet one end is connected with Waste Heat Recovery radiator 15 by Waste Heat Recovery control valve 19, form Waste Heat Recovery and utilize closed circuit, the other end of its coolant outlet is connected with waste heat discharge radiator 18 by waste heat discharge control valve 20, forms waste heat discharge closed circuit.
Described electrical equipment water cooling plant 17 is made up of the water-cooled block be arranged on respectively on electrical equipment (controller, frequency converter, motor etc.) and connecting water pipe, for collecting the used heat that heating electrical equipment produces.
Described low-pressure stage compressor 1 adopts the vortex compressor of automobile of built-in 3 phase induction machines, and uses variable-frequency power sources to drive; Described high pressure stage compressor 31 adopts frequently fixed or frequency conversion vortex compressor of automobile; The ratio of high pressure stage compressor 31 and the rated discharge amount of low-pressure stage compressor 1 is within the scope of 1:3 ~ 1:2.
Described car inner blower 22 is centrifugal blower, and the outer blower fan 21 of car is axial flow blower, they by respective Frequency Converter Control to realize speed governing; The outer blower fan 21 of described car is forced structure, is arranged on Waste Heat Recovery radiator 15 and car external heat exchanger 10 air inlet side.
In described car, heat exchanger 12 and car external heat exchanger 10 are fin-tube type structure, and heat exchanger fin material is hydrophilic aluminium foil; Described main expansion valve 5 and middle throttle expansion valve 41 are any one in electric expansion valve or heating power expansion valve.
Described Waste Heat Recovery radiator 15 is also contained in car external heat exchanger 10 side, and is in car external heat exchanger 10 air inlet front, is 5 ~ 20mm with the distance of car external heat exchanger 10.
The working medium of described waste heat recovering loop is water.
The control method of above-mentioned electric motor car Waste Heat Reuse frequency conversion heat pump air-conditioning system, realizes by following rate-determining steps:
As shown in Figure 2, air-conditioning system runs rate-determining steps in cooling mode:
Now, four-way change-over valve 2 no power in refrigeration cycle, its inner a mouth and b mouth communicates, c mouth and d mouth communicate; Single twin-stage switching control valve 33 is opened, and high pressure stage compressor 31 does not work; First triple valve 13 and the second triple valve 14 are not all opened (a mouth b mouth communicates), and intercooler assembly 4 does not run;
The automobile-used frequency conversion type low-pressure stage compressor 1 that cold-producing medium drives from built-in alternating current generator flows through the first check valve 11 and four-way change-over valve 2, after the heat release of car external environment, heat exchanger 12 in car is flowed into by the 3rd check valve 7, main expansion valve 5, the 4th check valve 8 and the second triple valve 14 and the first triple valve 13 by car external heat exchanger 10, through single twin-stage switching control valve 33 after environment inside car heat absorption, get back to low-pressure stage compressor 1 finally by the d mouth of four-way change-over valve 2 and c mouth, complete kind of refrigeration cycle; Under this pattern, in the waste heat recovering loop of air-conditioning system, Waste Heat Recovery control valve 19 is closed, waste heat discharge control valve 20 is opened, cooling water is under the effect of electric water pump 16, via electrical equipment water cooling plant 17, waste heat discharge control valve 20, then by waste heat discharge radiator 18 to environment heat release, ensure that the normal work and use life-span of electrical equipment.
As shown in Figure 3, air-conditioning system operates in the rate-determining steps under single-stage heating mode:
In the winter time during general operating mode, air-conditioning system works in such a mode.Now, in refrigeration cycle, four-way change-over valve 2 is energized, its inner a mouth and d mouth communicates, b mouth and c mouth communicate; Single twin-stage switching control valve 33 is opened, and high pressure stage compressor 31 does not work; First triple valve 13 and the second triple valve 14 are not all opened (a mouth and b mouth communicate), and intercooler assembly 4 does not run;
The automobile-used frequency conversion type low-pressure stage compressor 1 that cold-producing medium drives from built-in alternating current generator flows through the first check valve 11, four-way change-over valve 2 and single twin-stage switching control valve 33, after environment inside car heat release, car external heat exchanger 10 is flowed into through the first triple valve 13, second triple valve 14 and the second check valve 6, main expansion valve 5 and the 5th check valve 9 by heat exchanger in car 12, after the heat absorption of car external environment, get back to low-pressure stage compressor 1 through the b mouth of four-way change-over valve 2 and c mouth, complete single stage compress and heat circulation; Under this pattern, in the waste heat recovering loop of air-conditioning system, Waste Heat Recovery control valve 19 is opened, waste heat discharge control valve 20 is closed, cooling water under the effect of electric water pump 16, via electrical equipment water cooling plant 17, Waste Heat Recovery control valve 19, again by Waste Heat Recovery radiator 15 to heat release around car external heat exchanger, temperature around frosting on melting vehicle external heat exchanger, raising car external heat exchanger, thus improve the operating mode of operation of heat pump, improve the operational efficiency of energy utilization rate and air-conditioning system.
As shown in Figure 4, air-conditioning system operates in the rate-determining steps under twin-stage heating mode:
In the winter time during worst cold case, air-conditioning system works in such a mode.Now, in refrigeration cycle, four-way change-over valve 2 is energized, its inner a mouth and d mouth communicates, b mouth and c mouth communicate; Single twin-stage switching control valve 33 is closed, and high pressure stage compressor 31 works; First triple valve 13 and the second triple valve 14 are all opened (a mouth and c mouth communicate), and intercooler assembly 4 runs;
Cold-producing medium is compressed into the gas of medium temperature and medium pressure by the low-pressure stage compressor 1 (automobile-used frequency conversion type) that built-in alternating current generator drives, the refrigerant gas exported with the saturated vapor of intercooler 42 after the first check valve 11 and four-way change-over valve 2 mixes in pipeline, the superheated vapor becoming middle pressure enters high pressure stage compressor 31, realizes not exclusively cooling in the middle of cold-producing medium;
The high-temperature high-pressure refrigerant gas that high pressure stage compressor 31 is discharged is after the 6th check valve 32, by heat exchanger in car 12 to environment inside car heat release, be condensed into highly pressurised liquid, in car, heat exchanger 12 high pressure refrigerant liquid is out divided into two-way again after the first triple valve 13: a road enters intercooler 42 after the gas-liquid two-phase cold-producing medium that the throttling of middle throttle expansion valve 41 becomes medium temperature and medium pressure, absorption flows through the heat of intercooler 42 coil pipe inner high voltage refrigerant liquid and evaporates, high pressure stage compressor 31 is together entered in company with the exhaust of low-pressure stage compressor 1 after becoming saturated vapor, another road highly pressurised liquid directly enters the coil pipe of intercooler 42, the outer cold-producing medium of coil pipe internal cause pipe evaporation and obtain excessively cold further, high pressure refrigerant liquid through fully cooling flows into car external heat exchanger 10 through the second triple valve 14, second check valve 6, main expansion valve 5 and the 5th check valve 9, after the heat absorption of car external environment, get back to low-pressure stage compressor 1 through the b mouth of four-way change-over valve 2 and c mouth, complete Two-stage Compression and heat circulation.
Adopt Two-stage Compression compressor can be made to remain on lower compression ratio and delivery temperature on the one hand, guarantee that air-conditioning system is reliable under worst cold case; Add the degree of supercooling of liquid refrigerant in coil pipe on the other hand, the invalid vapor volume that throttling process is produced and mass dryness fraction reduce, thus specific refrigerating effect increases, and because the steam produced in intercooler adds the refrigerant flow of heat exchanger in car, thus heating capacity during worst cold case is improved.Under this pattern, in the waste heat recovering loop of air-conditioning system, Waste Heat Recovery control valve 19 is opened, waste heat discharge control valve 20 is closed, cooling water under the effect of electric water pump 16, via electrical equipment water cooling plant 17, Waste Heat Recovery control valve 19, again by Waste Heat Recovery radiator 15 to heat release around car external heat exchanger, temperature around frosting on melting vehicle external heat exchanger, raising car external heat exchanger, thus improve the operating mode of operation of heat pump, improve the operational efficiency of energy utilization rate and air-conditioning system.
Under no matter system is operated in refrigeration mode, single-stage heating mode or twin-stage heating mode, all can regulate the supply frequency of low-pressure stage compressor and the frequency of indoor and outdoor fan electromotor according to the control objectives of system and operating condition, make system be in optimum duty always.Under refrigeration mode and single-stage heating mode, high pressure stage compressor does not put into operation.When car indoor and outdoor temperature difference is larger, regulates low-pressure stage compressor frequency and indoor and outdoor fan electromotor frequency, make system works in maximum cooling capacity or maximum heating capacity state; When car indoor and outdoor temperature difference within the specific limits time, regulate low-pressure stage compressor frequency and indoor and outdoor blower fan frequency, system worked under most high energy efficiency ratio state.Under twin-stage heating mode, for obtaining more great heating capacity and more high energy efficiency ratio, low-pressure stage and high pressure stage compressor all put into operation.Now, when the maximum heating capacity of heat pump can not meet heating demands, low-pressure stage compressor frequency and indoor and outdoor blower fan frequency is regulated to make system works in maximum heating capacity state; If when the heating capacity of heat pump can meet heating demands, regulate low-pressure stage compressor frequency and indoor and outdoor blower fan frequency, thus ensure that two-stage compression cycle is in best intermediate pressure state, make systematic energy efficiency ratio optimum.According to control objectives and the operating condition of system, regulate low-pressure stage compressor frequency and indoor and outdoor blower fan frequency in real time, can reach and can meet the object that comfortableness requires improve again systematic energy efficiency ratio as early as possible.
The automatic switchover point of system single-stage heating mode and twin-stage heating mode in running is determined by concrete air-conditioning system structure.Find single stage compress to circulate by simulation or experiment method and under two-stage compression cycle, systematic energy efficiency ratio is with the intersections of complex curve of variation of ambient temperature, this intersection point is optimum temperature switching point.When environment temperature is higher than this temperature, be considered as general operating mode in winter, system works is at single-stage heating mode; When environment temperature is not higher than this temperature, be considered as winter low temperature operating mode, system works is at twin-stage heating mode.
As mentioned above, just the present invention can be realized preferably.
Embodiments of the present invention are not restricted to the described embodiments; other are any do not deviate from Spirit Essence of the present invention and principle under do change, modification, substitute, combine, simplify; all should be the substitute mode of equivalence, be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. an electric motor car Waste Heat Reuse frequency conversion heat pump air-conditioning system, comprises and environmentally operating mode can realize refrigerant circulation loop and the waste heat recovering loop of single/double stage compression automatic switchover, it is characterized in that:
Described refrigerant circulation loop comprises low-pressure stage compressor (1), first check valve (11), four-way change-over valve (2), heat exchanger (12) in car, car external heat exchanger (10), first car inner blower (22), the outer blower fan (21) of car, main expansion valve (5), second check valve (6), 3rd check valve (7), 4th check valve (8), 5th check valve (9), first three-way magnetic valve (13), second three-way magnetic valve (14), high pressure stage compressor assembly (3) and intercooler assembly (4),
Described waste heat recovering loop comprises Waste Heat Recovery radiator (15), waste heat discharge radiator (18), electric water pump (16), electrical equipment water cooling plant (17), Waste Heat Recovery control valve (19) and waste heat discharge control valve (20);
Described high pressure stage compressor assembly (3) is made up of high pressure stage compressor (31), the 6th check valve (32) and single twin-stage switching control valve (33);
The connecting line that described intercooler assembly (4) is imported and exported by middle throttle expansion valve (41), intercooler (42) and cold-producing medium thereof forms;
Described low-pressure stage compressor (1), car internal fan motor (22) and car external fan motor (21) all adopt respective Frequency Converter Control, realize speed governing;
Described low-pressure stage compressor (1) is connected with car external heat exchanger (10) successively by heat exchanger (12), the first three-way magnetic valve (13), the second three-way magnetic valve (14), main expansion valve (5) in the first check valve (11), four-way change-over valve (2), single twin-stage switching control valve (33), car;
The import of described main expansion valve (5) is connected with the outlet of the 3rd check valve (7) with the outlet of the second check valve (6) simultaneously; The outlet of described main expansion valve (5) is connected with the import of the 5th check valve (9) with the import of the 4th check valve (8) simultaneously;
Described high pressure stage compressor (31) forms high pressure stage compressor assembly (3) with the series pipe of the 6th check valve (32) is in parallel with single twin-stage switching control valve (33) pipeline;
Described advanced compression thermomechanical components (3) one end is connected with heat exchanger in car (12), exports be connected the while of the other end with the d mouth of four-way change-over valve (2) with the refrigerant vapour of intercooler assembly (4);
The refrigerant inlet of described intercooler assembly (4) is connected with the c mouth of the first triple valve (13), the outlet of refrigerant high pressure subcooled liquid is connected with the c mouth of the second triple valve (14), and the saturated vapor outlet of cold-producing medium is connected with the air entry of high pressure stage compressor (31);
The refrigerant gas of the saturated vapor outlet of described intercooler assembly (4) mixes in pipeline with the medium temperature and medium pressure refrigerant gas from low-pressure stage compressor (1), enter high pressure stage compressor (31) after pressing through heat steam in becoming, realize not exclusively cooling in the middle of cold-producing medium.
2. electric motor car Waste Heat Reuse frequency conversion heat pump air-conditioning system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described waste heat recovering loop, closed circuit and waste heat discharge closed circuit is utilized to form by Waste Heat Recovery, in loop, electric water pump (16) is connected with electrical equipment water cooling plant (17), its coolant outlet one end is connected with Waste Heat Recovery radiator (15) by Waste Heat Recovery control valve (19), form Waste Heat Recovery and utilize closed circuit, the other end of its coolant outlet is connected with waste heat discharge radiator (18) by waste heat discharge control valve (20), form waste heat discharge closed circuit.
3. electric motor car Waste Heat Reuse frequency conversion heat pump air-conditioning system according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described electrical equipment water cooling plant (17) is made up of the water-cooled block be arranged on respectively on electrical equipment and connecting water pipe, for collecting the used heat that heating electrical equipment produces.
4. electric motor car Waste Heat Reuse frequency conversion heat pump air-conditioning system according to any one of claim 1 to 3, is characterized in that: described low-pressure stage compressor (1) adopts the vortex compressor of automobile of built-in 3 phase induction machines, and uses variable-frequency power sources to drive; Described high pressure stage compressor (31) adopts frequently fixed or frequency conversion vortex compressor of automobile; The ratio of the rated discharge amount of high pressure stage compressor (31) and low-pressure stage compressor (1) is within the scope of 1:3 ~ 1:2.
5. electric motor car Waste Heat Reuse frequency conversion heat pump air-conditioning system according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described car inner blower (22) is centrifugal blower, the outer blower fan (21) of car is axial flow blower, they by respective Frequency Converter Control to realize speed governing; The outer blower fan (21) of described car is forced structure, is arranged on Waste Heat Recovery radiator (15) and car external heat exchanger (10) air inlet side.
6. electric motor car Waste Heat Reuse frequency conversion heat pump air-conditioning system according to claim 4, is characterized in that: in described car, heat exchanger (12) and car external heat exchanger (10) are fin-tube type structure, and heat exchanger fin material is hydrophilic aluminium foil; Described main expansion valve (5) and middle throttle expansion valve (41) are any one in electric expansion valve or heating power expansion valve.
7. electric motor car Waste Heat Reuse frequency conversion heat pump air-conditioning system according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described Waste Heat Recovery radiator (15) is also contained in car external heat exchanger (10) side, and be in car external heat exchanger (10) air inlet front, be 5 ~ 20mm with the distance of car external heat exchanger (10).
8. electric motor car Waste Heat Reuse frequency conversion heat pump air-conditioning system according to claim 4, is characterized in that: the working medium of described waste heat recovering loop is water.
9. the control method of electric motor car Waste Heat Reuse frequency conversion heat pump air-conditioning system according to any one of claim 1 to 8, is characterized in that rate-determining steps is as follows:
Air-conditioning system runs rate-determining steps in cooling mode:
Now, four-way change-over valve (2) no power in refrigeration cycle, its inner a mouth and b mouth communicates, c mouth and d mouth communicate; Single twin-stage switching control valve (33) is opened, and high pressure stage compressor (31) does not work; First triple valve (13) and the second triple valve (14) are not all opened, and intercooler assembly (4) does not run;
The automobile-used frequency conversion type low-pressure stage compressor (1) that cold-producing medium drives from built-in alternating current generator flows through the first check valve (11) and four-way change-over valve (2), after the heat release of car external environment, the 3rd check valve (7) is passed through by car external heat exchanger (10), main expansion valve (5), 4th check valve (8) and the second triple valve (14) and the first triple valve (13) flow into heat exchanger (12) in car, through single twin-stage switching control valve (33) after environment inside car heat absorption, low-pressure stage compressor (1) is got back to finally by the d mouth of four-way change-over valve (2) and c mouth, complete kind of refrigeration cycle,
Air-conditioning system operates in the rate-determining steps under single-stage heating mode:
Now, four-way change-over valve (2) energising in refrigeration cycle, its inner a mouth and d mouth communicates, b mouth and c mouth communicate; Single twin-stage switching control valve (33) is opened, and high pressure stage compressor (31) does not work; First triple valve (13) and the second triple valve (14) are not all opened, and intercooler assembly (4) does not run;
The automobile-used frequency conversion type low-pressure stage compressor (1) that cold-producing medium drives from built-in alternating current generator flows through the first check valve (11), four-way change-over valve (2) and single twin-stage switching control valve (33), by heat exchanger in car (12) after environment inside car heat release through the first triple valve (13), second triple valve (14) and the second check valve (6), main expansion valve (5) and the 5th check valve (9) flow into car external heat exchanger (10), low-pressure stage compressor (1) is got back to through the b mouth of four-way change-over valve (2) and c mouth after the heat absorption of car external environment, complete single stage compress and heat circulation,
Air-conditioning system operates in the rate-determining steps under twin-stage heating mode:
Now, four-way change-over valve (2) energising in refrigeration cycle, its inner a mouth and d mouth communicates, b mouth and c mouth communicate; Single twin-stage switching control valve (33) is closed, and high pressure stage compressor (31) works; First triple valve (13) and the second triple valve (14) are all opened, and intercooler assembly (4) runs;
Cold-producing medium is compressed into the gas of medium temperature and medium pressure by the low-pressure stage compressor (1) that built-in alternating current generator drives, the refrigerant gas exported with the saturated vapor of intercooler (42) after the first check valve (11) and four-way change-over valve (2) mixes in pipeline, the superheated vapor becoming middle pressure enters high pressure stage compressor (31), realizes not exclusively cooling in the middle of cold-producing medium;
The high-temperature high-pressure refrigerant gas that high pressure stage compressor (31) is discharged is after the 6th check valve (32), by heat exchanger in car (12) to environment inside car heat release, be condensed into highly pressurised liquid, in car, heat exchanger (12) high pressure refrigerant liquid is out divided into two-way again after the first triple valve (13): a road enters intercooler (42) after the gas-liquid two-phase cold-producing medium that middle throttle expansion valve (41) throttling becomes medium temperature and medium pressure, absorption flows through the heat of intercooler (42) coil pipe inner high voltage refrigerant liquid and evaporates, high pressure stage compressor (31) is together entered in company with the exhaust of low-pressure stage compressor (1) after becoming saturated vapor, another road highly pressurised liquid directly enters the coil pipe of intercooler (42), the outer cold-producing medium of coil pipe internal cause pipe evaporation and obtain excessively cold further, high pressure refrigerant liquid through fully cooling flows into car external heat exchanger (10) through the second triple valve (14), the second check valve (6), main expansion valve (5) and the 5th check valve (9), after the heat absorption of car external environment, get back to low-pressure stage compressor (1) through the b mouth of four-way change-over valve (2) and c mouth, complete Two-stage Compression and heat circulation.
10. control method according to claim 9, is characterized in that: described waste heat recovering loop has Waste Heat Recovery to utilize and waste heat discharge two kinds of mode of operations;
When refrigerant circulation loop is operated in refrigeration mode, waste heat discharge is carried out in the work of waste heat discharge closed circuit;
When refrigerant circulation loop is operated in heating mode, Waste Heat Recovery utilizes closed circuit work to carry out Waste Heat Recovery.
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