CN104499579A - Inserting plate type cross grain enhanced wood structure mortise and tenon joint - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及建筑结构工程技术领域,具体为一种插板式横纹增强型木结构榫卯节点。The invention relates to the technical field of building structure engineering, in particular to a mortise and tenon joint of a board-type transverse grain reinforced wood structure.
背景技术Background technique
我国木结构建筑历史悠久,全国各地都有分布,木结构建筑约占全部古代建筑的50%以上,其优秀的技法具有极高的历史、文物、艺术和科学价值。传统木结构最显著的特点就是柱和梁组成的构架采用榫卯的连接形式,早在7000多年前的河姆渡遗址中就发现大量的木结构榫卯连接节点,随后的中国古代木构建筑木构件之间普遍采用榫卯连接。榫卯就是指根据构件的连接的需要,将其中一个构件的端头做成榫头,另一构件交接处做成卯口,然后经过这两个部位的结合而将构件连接起来的节点。发展到今天的现代木结构,结构形式不断变化,性能越来越好。传统木结构榫卯节点中,穿设在卯口内部的榫头,主要就是通过其横纹承压性能将作用在其上的荷载传递到柱上,因此较高的横纹承压性能才能保证,榫头在外力作用下始终与卯口内壁保持较为严密的结合,并通过摩擦,以及机械转动耗能,最终达到良好减震抗震目的。my country's wooden structure buildings have a long history and are distributed all over the country. Wood structure buildings account for more than 50% of all ancient buildings. Its excellent techniques have extremely high historical, cultural relics, artistic and scientific values. The most notable feature of the traditional wooden structure is that the frame composed of columns and beams adopts the connection form of mortise and tenon. As early as 7,000 years ago, a large number of tenon and tenon joints of wooden structures were found in the Hemudu site. Subsequent wooden components of ancient Chinese wooden buildings Mortise and tenon joints are commonly used. Mortise and tenon means that according to the needs of the connection of the components, the end of one component is made into a tenon, and the junction of the other component is made into a mortise, and then the components are connected through the combination of these two parts. Developed to today's modern wooden structure, the structural form is constantly changing, and the performance is getting better and better. In traditional wood structure mortise and tenon joints, the mortise head pierced inside the mortise mainly transmits the load acting on it to the column through its transverse grain pressure bearing performance, so high transverse grain pressure bearing performance can be guaranteed. Under the action of external force, the mortise always maintains a relatively tight combination with the inner wall of the mortise, and through friction and mechanical rotation, it dissipates energy, and finally achieves the purpose of good shock absorption and anti-seismic.
由于我国的传统居住习惯,在广大的农村地区存在着大量的木结构、砖木架结构和土木结构等木构架承重建筑。由于这些建筑均为居民自住,均没有经过正规的抗震设计,在地震中往往造成了大量的人员伤亡及经济财产损失,这些建筑结构在地震的破坏中常常是由于节点的破坏导致,由于这些自然力的破坏,再加上各种人为因素,以及木材自身的固有缺陷和不足,在榫头和卯口发生接触挤压变形后,榫头宽度增大高度减小、卯口宽度增大,榫头与卯口的连接紧密性下降,从而降低了榫卯连接节点的抗弯性能,常见的破坏模式有卯口扩大、榫头拔出、榫头根部折断、榫头剪断破坏,以及榫头横纹压溃等,节点性能的降低,最直接的后果就是构架在水平合作作用下结构稳定性的降低和侧向位移的加大,从而加大结构的破坏直至倒塌。但同时,随着我国木材资源供给关系的转变,目前的木材工业用材资源已由传统的天然林过渡到人工林,与天然林木材资源相比,这些木材中幼龄材所占比例大,生长速度快、成材周期短,其密度较低、力学性能较差,尤其是横纹承压性能低,木材的自身不足更是加剧了榫卯节点性能的不足。作为木结构节点常用的榫卯结构,采用目前市面上的常用木材已经难以符合相关国家标准规范的要求,同时更无法满足高烈度地区房屋建筑的抗震要求,因此对榫卯节点的加固增强就显得由为重要。Due to our country's traditional living habits, there are a large number of wood-frame load-bearing buildings such as wooden structures, brick-wood frame structures, and civil-wood structures in vast rural areas. Because these buildings are self-occupied by residents and have not undergone formal seismic design, they often cause a large number of casualties and economic property losses during earthquakes. The damage of these building structures in earthquakes is often caused by the damage of joints. Due to these The destruction of natural forces, coupled with various human factors, and the inherent defects and deficiencies of the wood itself, after the tenon and mortise contact extrusion deformation, the width of the mortise increases and the height decreases, and the width of the mortise increases. The connection tightness of the mortise decreases, thereby reducing the flexural performance of the mortise and tenon connection joints. The common failure modes include the expansion of the mortise, the pull out of the mortise, the breakage of the root of the mortise, the shear failure of the mortise, and the crushing of the transverse grain of the mortise. The most direct consequence is the reduction of structural stability and the increase of lateral displacement of the frame under the action of horizontal cooperation, thereby increasing the damage of the structure until it collapses. But at the same time, with the transformation of the supply relationship of my country's timber resources, the current timber resources for the timber industry have transitioned from traditional natural forests to artificial forests. Compared with natural forest timber resources, the proportion of young timber in these timbers is large and the Fast speed, short cycle time, low density, poor mechanical properties, especially low cross-grain pressure bearing performance, and the lack of wood itself exacerbates the lack of performance of mortise and tenon joints. As a commonly used mortise and tenon structure for wood structure joints, it is difficult to meet the requirements of relevant national standards and regulations by using commonly used wood on the market, and it is even more unable to meet the seismic requirements of building buildings in high-intensity areas. Therefore, the reinforcement of tenon and tenon joints appears to be Because it is important.
传统的木结构榫卯节点常用的加固方式主要有以下几种:The commonly used reinforcement methods for traditional wood structure mortise and tenon joints mainly include the following:
1、“一种木结构抗震用耗能扒钉(专利号2013200120080)”中所述的扒钉加固;1. The nail reinforcement described in "An energy-dissipating nail for earthquake resistance of a wooden structure (Patent No. 2013200120080)";
2、“一种扁钢加固的古建筑木结构大木构架的榫卯节点(专利号200720032298.X)”、“一种古建筑木构件的钢木组合式加固装置(专利号2014201110165)”、“用于古建筑木结构边跨榫卯节点的加固装置(专利号200920108275.1)”、“用于古建筑木结构顶棚内榫卯节点的加固装置(专利号200920108276.6)”、“用于古建筑木结构中间跨榫卯节点的加固装置(专利号200920108277.0)”,以及“木结构节点活动螺栓孔抗震加固扁铁(专利号201020625251.6)”中所述的扁钢加固;2. "A mortise and tenon joint of a large wooden structure of ancient buildings reinforced by flat steel (Patent No. 200720032298.X)", "A steel-wood combined reinforcement device for wooden components of ancient buildings (Patent No. 2014201110165)", " Reinforcement device for side-span mortise and tenon joints of ancient building wooden structures (patent number 200920108275.1)", "reinforcing device for mortise and tenon joints in the ceiling of ancient building wooden structures (patent number 200920108276.6)", "for ancient building wooden structures Reinforcement device for middle-span mortise and tenon joints (Patent No. 200920108277.0)", and flat steel reinforcement described in "Aseismic Reinforcement of Flat Iron with Movable Bolt Holes for Wooden Structure Joints (Patent No. 201020625251.6)";
3、“一种耗能弧形钢板加固的木结构榫卯节点(专利号201120137388.1)”中所述的弧形钢板加固;3. The arc-shaped steel plate reinforcement described in "A wood structure mortise and tenon joint reinforced by energy-consuming arc-shaped steel plate (Patent No. 201120137388.1)";
4、“一种木结构榫卯节点的加固与耗能减震装置(专利号201320561955.5)”中所述的金属节点紧固件加固;4. Reinforcement of metal node fasteners described in "A Reinforcement and Energy-Dissipating Shock Absorbing Device for Wooden Structure Mortise and Tenon Joints (Patent No. 201320561955.5)";
5、“一种碳纤维布加固的古建筑木结构大木构架的榫卯节点(专利号200720032300.3)”中所述的碳纤维包裹加固。5. The carbon fiber wrapping reinforcement described in "A mortise and tenon joint of a large wooden frame of an ancient building wooden structure reinforced by carbon fiber cloth (Patent No. 200720032300.3)".
这些加固方式大多存在以下缺点:Most of these reinforcement methods have the following disadvantages:
1.木结构榫卯节点加固增强处所用的扒钉、扁钢、弧形钢板、金属节点板、碳纤维都是裸露在外,加固后的节点外形美观性低,与木质材料的外观协调统一性差,失去了木结构本身的建筑美感;1. The nails, flat steel, curved steel plate, metal gusset plate, and carbon fiber used in the reinforcement of wooden structure mortise and tenon joints are all exposed. The appearance of the reinforced joints is low in aesthetics, and the appearance of the wooden material is poorly coordinated. Lost the architectural beauty of the wooden structure itself;
2.从外观上,采用钢结构构件对木结构节点进行增强,易使人产生木建筑结构安全性差的感觉,不利用环保低碳木结构建筑的推广使用;2. From the appearance, using steel structural components to strengthen the wooden structure nodes will easily make people feel that the safety of wooden building structures is poor, and do not take advantage of the promotion and use of environmentally friendly low-carbon wooden structure buildings;
3.采用金属连接件,需要采用额外的防锈处理和后期的使用维护措施,工艺繁琐。3. The use of metal connectors requires additional anti-rust treatment and post-use maintenance measures, and the process is cumbersome.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足,提出一种插板式横纹增强型木结构榫卯节点,基于传统木结构的建筑效果,将增强材料埋设隐藏在榫头节点内部,在不影响外观可视性的基础上,提高节点的力学性能。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, and propose a mortise and tenon joint of wood structure reinforced with cross-grain. On the basis of visibility, the mechanical properties of the joints are improved.
本发明采用的技术方案为:一种插板式横纹增强型木结构榫卯节点,包括木柱、木梁、榫头增强用插板式高强材料和木质销栓,所述木柱和木梁通过榫头卯口节点方式连接;The technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a mortise and tenon joint of wood structure reinforced with inserting board type transverse grain, including wooden columns, wooden beams, inserting board type high-strength materials for tenon head reinforcement and wooden pins, and the wooden posts and wooden beams are passed through tenon joints. Socket node connection;
所述木梁沿高度方向在榫头上开设有槽口,并沿木梁高度方向贯通,所述槽口布置在榫头内部、或布置在榫头两侧、或内部和两侧均有布置;The wooden beam is provided with a notch on the tenon along the height direction, and penetrates along the height direction of the wooden beam. The notch is arranged inside the tenon, or arranged on both sides of the tenon, or both inside and on both sides;
所述榫头增强用插板式高强材料插入上述槽口,榫头增强用插板式高强材料的高强方向与木梁高度方向一致,榫头增强用插板式高强材料为木材或竹材,榫头增强用插板式高强材料表面涂布有胶粘剂;The slotted high-strength material for tenon reinforcement is inserted into the above notch, the high-strength direction of the slotted high-strength material for tenon reinforcement is consistent with the height direction of the wooden beam, the slotted high-strength material for tenon reinforcement is wood or bamboo, and the slotted high-strength material for tenon reinforcement is The surface is coated with adhesive;
所述榫头增强用插板式高强材料通过木质销栓与木梁榫头连接成整体。The high-strength material of the tenon reinforcement is connected with the tenon and tenon of the wooden beam through wooden pins to form a whole.
作为优选,所述榫头增强用插板式高强材料含水率小于木梁含水率2-5%。As a preference, the moisture content of the high-strength insert-type material for tenon reinforcement is 2-5% lower than the moisture content of the wooden beam.
作为优选,所述榫头增强用插板式高强材料与木梁树种相同,或力学性能等同及优于木梁树种。Preferably, the high-strength material for tenon reinforcement is the same as that of the wood beam species, or its mechanical properties are equal to or better than those of the wood beam species.
作为优选,所述胶粘剂为脲醛树脂及其改性树脂、酚醛树脂及其改性树脂、三聚氰胺甲醛树脂及其改性树脂、聚醋酸乙烯树脂、聚氨酯类树脂或环氧树脂。Preferably, the adhesive is urea-formaldehyde resin and its modified resin, phenolic resin and its modified resin, melamine-formaldehyde resin and its modified resin, polyvinyl acetate resin, polyurethane resin or epoxy resin.
本发明在插入卯口连接前榫头预先经过增强处理;榫头增强处理为在与卯口咬合的部位,根据设计要求和增强材料规格尺寸沿木梁高度方向预先开槽口;在榫头连接处槽口内插入高强材料增强前,高强材料表面涂布有胶粘剂;增强材料涂布胶粘剂并与榫头复合后,可以有选择性地沿木梁宽度方向在榫头处,连同高强材料一起钻孔,并穿设木质销栓,将高强插板材料与榫头连接成整体。In the present invention, before the mortise is inserted into the mortise, the mortise is pre-reinforced; the mortise is strengthened at the position where the mortise is engaged, and the notch is pre-cut along the height direction of the wooden beam according to the design requirements and the specifications of the reinforcement material; Before inserting the high-strength material for reinforcement, the surface of the high-strength material is coated with adhesive; after the reinforcing material is coated with adhesive and compounded with the tenon, holes can be selectively drilled at the tenon along the width direction of the wooden beam together with the high-strength material, and the wooden The pin bolt connects the high-strength board material and the tenon into a whole.
本发明主要用于传统木结构建筑的榫卯节点加固增强。The invention is mainly used for strengthening the mortise and tenon joints of traditional wooden structures.
有益效果:Beneficial effect:
本发明能够有效提高传统木结构榫卯节点中榫头部分的横纹承压强度,从而提高榫卯的节点性能。The invention can effectively improve the transverse grain bearing strength of the mortise and tenon head part in the traditional wood structure mortise and tenon joint, thereby improving the performance of the tenon and tenon joint.
本发明在有效提高传统木结构榫卯节点性能的同时,保证了建筑结构外观效果,不破坏原有连接构造,统一协调性好。While effectively improving the performance of the mortise and tenon joints of the traditional wooden structure, the invention ensures the appearance effect of the building structure, does not destroy the original connection structure, and has good uniformity and coordination.
本发明施工工艺简单,成本较低,可广泛使用。The invention has simple construction technology, low cost and can be widely used.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明榫卯节点结构示意图;Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the mortise and tenon joint structure of the present invention;
图2为本发明木梁示意图一;Fig. 2 is wooden beam schematic diagram one of the present invention;
图3为本发明木梁示意图二;Fig. 3 is wooden beam schematic diagram two of the present invention;
图4为本发明木梁示意图三。Fig. 4 is the third schematic diagram of the wooden beam of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明做进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
如图1-4所示,一种插板式横纹增强型木结构榫卯节点,包括木柱1、木梁2、榫头增强用插板式高强材料3和木质销栓4,所述木柱1和木梁2通过榫头卯口节点方式连接;As shown in Figures 1-4, a plug-in type transverse-grain reinforced wood structure mortise and tenon joint, including a wooden column 1, a wooden beam 2, a plug-in high-strength material 3 for tenon reinforcement, and a wooden pin 4, the wooden column 1 It is connected with the wooden beam 2 through tenon and tenon joints;
所述木梁2沿高度方向在榫头上开设有槽口,并沿木梁2高度方向贯通,所述槽口布置在榫头内部、或布置在榫头两侧、或内部和两侧均有布置;The wooden beam 2 is provided with a notch on the tenon along the height direction, and penetrates along the height direction of the wooden beam 2. The notch is arranged inside the tenon, or arranged on both sides of the tenon, or both inside and on both sides;
所述榫头增强用插板式高强材料3插入上述槽口,榫头增强用插板式高强材料3的高强方向与木梁2高度方向一致,榫头增强用插板式高强材料3为木材或竹材,榫头增强用插板式高强材料3表面涂布有胶粘剂;The plug-in type high-strength material 3 for tenon reinforcement is inserted into the above-mentioned notch, the high-strength direction of the plug-in type high-strength material 3 for tenon reinforcement is consistent with the height direction of the wooden beam 2, the plug-in type high-strength material 3 for tenon reinforcement is wood or bamboo, and the tenon reinforcement is used. The surface of the plug-in high-strength material 3 is coated with adhesive;
所述榫头增强用插板式高强材料3通过木质销栓4与木梁2榫头连接成整体。The high-strength material 3 for tenon reinforcement is tenon-connected with the wooden beam 2 through wooden pins 4 to form a whole.
所述榫头增强用插板式高强材料3的含水率小于木梁2含水率2-5%,榫头增强用插板式高强材料3与木梁2树种相同,或力学性能等同及优于木梁2树种。所述胶粘剂为脲醛树脂及其改性树脂、酚醛树脂及其改性树脂、三聚氰胺甲醛树脂及其改性树脂、聚醋酸乙烯树脂、聚氨酯类树脂或环氧树脂。The moisture content of the plug-in high-strength material 3 for tenon reinforcement is 2-5% lower than that of the wood beam 2, and the plug-in high-strength material 3 for tenon reinforcement is the same tree species as the wood beam 2, or its mechanical properties are equal to or better than the wood beam 2 tree species . The adhesive is urea-formaldehyde resin and its modified resin, phenolic resin and its modified resin, melamine-formaldehyde resin and its modified resin, polyvinyl acetate resin, polyurethane resin or epoxy resin.
应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。本实施例中未明确的各组成部分均可用现有技术加以实现。It should be pointed out that those skilled in the art can make some improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention. All components that are not specified in this embodiment can be realized by existing technologies.
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