CN104498103B - A kind of combined type circulating fluidized gasification reaction unit - Google Patents

A kind of combined type circulating fluidized gasification reaction unit Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104498103B
CN104498103B CN201410853127.8A CN201410853127A CN104498103B CN 104498103 B CN104498103 B CN 104498103B CN 201410853127 A CN201410853127 A CN 201410853127A CN 104498103 B CN104498103 B CN 104498103B
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gasification
distribution plate
air distribution
fuel
burner tip
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CN104498103A (en
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倪建军
杨震
张翔
池国镇
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Shanghai Boiler Works Co Ltd
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Shanghai Boiler Works Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/54—Gasification of granular or pulverulent fuels by the Winkler technique, i.e. by fluidisation
    • C10J3/56—Apparatus; Plants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/721—Multistage gasification, e.g. plural parallel or serial gasification stages
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
    • C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/093—Coal
    • C10J2300/0936—Coal fines for producing producer gas

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a kind of combined type circulating fluidized gasification reaction unit, system, powder fuel are fed by reactor body, multi-cyclone, granular fuel feed system, central jet gasification burner tip and material return system and constitute；Reactor outlet is connected with primary cyclone, I and II cyclone separator connects, gasification furnace body is returned by material return system through the coarse granule that primary cyclone is separated, system is fed by powder fuel through the fine grained that secondary cyclone is separated and enters central jet gasification burner tip, final penetrating gasification furnace body.The present invention adopts circulating fluid bed reactor for gasification reaction body, continuous discharging slag is realized using high temperature gasification, using high temp jet two-part classification gasification, improve efficiency of carbon con version and cold gas efficiency, simplified slag-draining device is combined with air distribution plate design, operation and operation stability is improve, is suitable for the gasification conversion of all kinds of carbonic solid fuels, with large-scale promotion application prospect.

Description

A kind of combined type circulating fluidized gasification reaction unit
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of combined type circulating fluidized gasification reaction unit, belongs to Coal (syngas) polygeneration technical field.
Background technology
Gasification technology for producing clean energy resource and product is long-standing, can trace back to the English of 18 th century laters earliest State.The vaporous form of early stage is using local coal resources production " domestic gas (Town Gas) ".Modern gasification technology is started from World War II early stage, and developed during the Second World War.German oil supply was cut off at that time, needs badly and looks for another way Carry out voluntarily production and transport fuel, therefore, more and more advanced gasification technology is researched and developed during this period.Hereafter, the sand in South Africa Rope (Sasol) company take the lead in using gasification technology on a large scale the commercialization of production, have the gasification derived product of price competitiveness, So as to establish the basis of modern gasification industry.
Now, advanced gasification technology achieves important breakthrough on the basis of early stage.Fuel flexibility is improved, gasification energy Power and scale increase, the application of new technique promote gasification technology to obtain bigger breakthrough.The application of advanced gasification technology and Promoting contributes to solving the problems, such as the aspects such as social economy, energy security and environmental conservation.Simultaneously as Research Emphasis are not Also differentiated dissimilar with, gasification technology, a part is intended to by integrating reduces cost, and another part is then devoted to sending out Exhibition miniaturization, modular gasification furnace.Although the popularization and application of gasification technology still face many difficulties, this circumstances is in the recent period Through making moderate progress, the demonstration particularly in China is put into practice, and fully illustrates gasification technology and is utilizing domestic energy conversion into business The huge advantage having in product.
The low-order coal aboundresources such as China's brown coal, accounts for the whole nation and has verified the 50% of coal reserves, and the low-order coal such as brown coal has There are high grey, high water and high-sulfur (" three high "), and the features such as the high ash melting point of part, existing Coal Gasification Technology is mainly air flow bed water The gasification of coal slurry gasification, Dry Feeding Entrain Bed Coal Gasification and fixed bed broken coal, from the angle analysis of gasification technology, air flow bed water-coal-slurry Gasifying, the slurryability requirement to coal is higher, and the high-moisture characteristic of brown coal cannot meet Pulping conditions, Dry Feeding Entrain Bed Coal Gasification Technology needs for coal to make coal dust, and coal dust total moisture content requirement ＜ 2%, and high water brown coal dehydration cost and energy consumption are huge, and gas Fluidized bed gasification general requirement ash fusion point is unsuitable too high, and the otherwise operating cost such as slag tap oxygen consumption increases.Fixed bed gasification technology Using broken coal or type coal gasification technology, modernization big machinery coal mining makes the particulate coal yield of script low-intensity moor coal significantly Decline, a large amount of fine coal of output are not suitable for fixed bed gasification, need machine-shaping, and energy consumption is huge, and output raw coal can be directly used for gas The particle fraction of change is about 10%, and fixed bed gasification technology after-treatment system is responsible for, and coal tar oil extract separates difficulty, and environmental protection is asked Topic is projected.According to current gasification technology present situation, ciculation fluidized bed gasification technology there is no the reliable skill of long-period stable operation at present Art is available, and portion of techniques bottleneck needs further to research and develop breakthrough.
Content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide that a kind of operating condition is gentle, gasification efficiency is high, maintenance is simple, cost Cheap is suitable for low order coal gasification reactor, so as to fill up air flow bed and fixed bed cannot gasify " three-hypers coal " technology empty In vain.
In order to solve above-mentioned technical problem, the technical scheme is that a kind of combined type circulating fluidized gasification of offer is anti- Answer device, it is characterised in that：Fed system, powder fuel and fed by reactor body, multi-cyclone, granular fuel and be System, central jet gasification burner tip and material return system composition；
Reactor body includes that the furnace body that gasifies, reactor outlet are located at gasification furnace bodies top, gasification furnace body bottom portion Center scum pipe is provided with, air distribution plate, with being located in above central row slag pipe, is gasifying agent distributing chamber below air distribution plate；Center deslagging Central jet gasification burner tip is provided with pipe, below the scum pipe of center, gasification agent inlet is provided with；Gasification furnace body is divided into upper and lower two sections Vaporizer, upper and lower two stage gasification room are connected by taper necking section, and epimere vaporizer lower end is provided with two-stage nitration gasification burner tip room, are bored Below shape necking section, above air distribution plate, connection granular fuel feeds system and material return system；
Multi-cyclone is at least two stage cyclone separator series connection, reactor outlet and primary cyclone company Connect, primary cyclone outlet is connected with secondary cyclone；Lead to through the coarse granule that primary cyclone is separated Cross material return system and return gasification furnace body hypomere vaporizer, fired by powder body through the fine grained that secondary cyclone is separated Material feeds system and enters central jet gasification burner tip, final penetrating gasification furnace body.
Preferably, at the top of the center scum pipe be bell-mouth structure of air, the air distribution plate be pyramidal structure, center scum pipe Flared end is connected with air distribution plate necking end；Central jet gasification burner tip, air distribution plate and center scum pipe are coaxially disposed.
Preferably, the 0～10mm of particle size range of the granular fuel, accounts for the 60%～90% of total amount of fuel；Powder fuel 10～200 μm of particle size range, accounts for the 10%～40% of total amount of fuel.
Preferably, the epimere vaporizer diameter D1 is more than hypomere vaporizer diameter D2, both ratio range D1/D2= 1.1～3.
Preferably, the granular fuel feeds system includes that Bunker and fuel feedstock lower limb, Bunker pass through fuel feedstock Lower limb is connected with the hypomere vaporizer of gasification furnace body.
Preferably, the material return system includes that the first material-returning device, the primary cyclone pass through a cycle dipleg It is connected with the first material-returning device, the first material-returning device is connected with the second material-returning device by refeed line, and the second material-returning device passes through The hypomere vaporizer of the feed back lower limb connection gasification furnace body.
Preferably, the powder fuel feeds system includes that powder fuel storehouse, the secondary cyclone bottom are provided with Two screw off dipleg, and two screw off dipleg connection powder fuel storehouse, and dust pelletizing system is connected with powder fuel storehouse, and powder fuel feedstock vessel leads to Powder fuel lock hopper connection powder fuel storehouse is crossed, powder fuel feedstock vessel is gasified with the central jet by powder fuel entrance Burner connects.
Preferably, the central jet gasification burner tip includes powder fuel passage, the gasifying agent being coaxially disposed from inside to outside Passage, coolant enter passage and coolant outlet passage, and the powder fuel feedstock vessel is by powder fuel entrance and powder body Fuel channel connects；A knuckle α, 90 °～150 ° of α scopes is provided with the middle part of the central jet gasification burner tip.
Preferably, the air distribution plate and gasifying agent distributing chamber are by the air distribution plate gasifying agent spout phase on air distribution plate Logical, the gasifying agent distributing chamber connects gasification agent inlet pipe；The air distribution plate band cooling system；It is uniformly provided with the air distribution plate 5～30 circle sieve aperture spouts, often circle sieve aperture spout quantity is equal, and often circle sieve aperture nozzle diameter radially successively decreases along air distribution plate, in The sieve aperture nozzle diameter of heart scum pipe is minimum, is provided with sieve aperture baffle plate below sieve aperture spout.
Preferably, the gasifying agent is burnt from the gasification of the central jet gasification burner tip, center scum pipe, air distribution plate and two-stage nitration Mouth room enters reactor body, and the gasifying agent for entering reactor body from central jet gasification burner tip accounts for all gasifying agent ratios and is 20%～80%, central jet gasification burner tip upper end spout gasifying agent 8～30m/s of flow velocity.
Stable and reliable operation of the present invention, be easy to maximize amplify, environmental protection and energy saving, compared to existing technology, the present invention have such as Lower beneficial effect：
(1) using two-part recirculating fluidized bed as gasification reaction master device, the introducing of central jet gasification burner tip is thorough The basic concept of conventional recycle fluidized gasification is changed, fuel is extended to powder fuel, overall recirculating fluidized bed gasification combustion Material adaptability is greatly improved；
(2) designed using central jet gasification burner tip, one section of central jet area temperature in circle fluidized-bed gasification furnace is carried Height, gives full play to calory burning and provides needed for periphery gasification, and gasification rate is improved, and integrated gasification response speed is improved, carbon conversion Rate is improved, and cold gas efficiency is improved；
(3) using flying dust and fine ash recycle burning, and fired by central jet gasification burner tip again, it is ensured that thin The efficient burning of grain fuel and gasification, are greatly reduced the unburned carbon in flue dust produced in ciculation fluidized bed gasification process, and in height Warm area agglomerates into thick solid impurity particle, and lime-ash processing procedure is greatly simplified；
(4) low velocity fluidization speed using in, melts the bubbling bed apparent velocity～1m/s phases that commonly uses in gather qi together with existing ash Than flow velocity is improved can make more bulky grains participate in fluidisation, and gas-particle two-phase Mass and heat transfer accelerates, and improves gasification reaction speed, make anti- Temperature Distribution and material distribution in device is answered more uniformly, to be easy to set up stable bed.
The present invention is combined using two-part gasification and central jet gasification, adopts circulating fluid bed reactor for gasified reverse Body is answered, continuous discharging slag is realized using high temperature gasification, using high temp jet two-part classification gasification, existing fluid bed is solved The problems such as gasification reactor apparatus efficiency of carbon con version is low, system energy efficiency is high and lime-ash processing cost is high, reach raising efficiency of carbon con version and The purpose of cold gas efficiency, simplified slag-draining device are combined with air distribution plate design, are improve operation and operation stability, are suitable for Gasification in all kinds of carbonic solid fuels is converted, and can effectively decompose the larger molecular organicses such as tar, and rear system synthesis gas is purified Dust collecting process is greatly simplified, and effective gas yield is greatly improved, and equipment operation and maintenance cost are substantially reduced, with large-scale promotion Application prospect.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is combined type circulating fluidized gasification reaction unit schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is reactor body schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is air distribution plate band cooling system schematic diagram；
Jet gasification burner tip front-end architecture schematic diagram centered on Fig. 4；
Fig. 5 is air distributor structure schematic diagram；
Jet gasification principle schematic diagram centered on Fig. 6；
Description of reference numerals
1- gasification furnace bodies；2- primary cyclones；3- secondary cyclones；4- Bunkers；5- fuel feedstock lower limbs； 6- feed back lower limbs；7- air distribution plates；8- central jet gasification burner tips；9- gasifying agents distributing chamber；10- gasification agent inlet pipes；11- central rows Slag pipe gasification agent inlet；12- two-stage nitration gasification burner tips room；The second material-returning devices of 13-；14- refeed lines；The first material-returning devices of 15-； 16- bis- screws off dipleg；Mono- cycle diplegs of 17-；18- reactor outlets；19- syngas outlet pipes；Mono- screw outlet pipes of 20-；21- bis- Screw outlet；22- dust pelletizing systems；23- powder fuels storehouse；24- powder fuel lock hoppers；25- powder fuel feedstock vessels；26- powder body fires Material conveying gas；27- lime-ash buffers cooling tank；28- powder fuel entrances；29a, 29b- coolant import and export；30- gasifying agents enter Mouthful；31- gasifying agent passages；32- powder fuel passages；33- coolants enter passage；34- coolant outlet passages；35- cloth wind Plate gasifying agent spout；36- cooling jackets；37- circular passages shower nozzle；38- central passage shower nozzles；39- air distribution plate coolant entrances； 40- air distribution plate coolant outlets；41- centers scum pipe；42- sieve aperture spouts；43- sieve aperture baffle plates.
Specific embodiment
For becoming apparent the present invention, hereby with a preferred embodiment, and accompanying drawing is coordinated to be described in detail below.
The combined type circulating fluidized gasification reaction unit schematic diagram that Fig. 1 is provided for the present invention, described combined type circulating Fluidized gasification reaction unit is fed system, powder fuel and is fed by reactor body, multi-cyclone, granular fuel The composition such as system, central jet gasification burner tip and material return system.
Reactor body is burnt by the furnace body 1 that gasifies, reactor outlet 18, air distribution plate 7, the gasification of gasifying agent distributing chamber 9, two-stage nitration The critical pieces such as mouth room 12, center scum pipe 41 are constituted.At the top of gasification furnace body 1, gasify reactor outlet 18 furnace body 1 Bottom is provided with air distribution plate 7 and center scum pipe 41, is a bell-mouth structure of air at the top of center scum pipe 41, and air distribution plate 7 is that taper is tied Structure, center scum pipe flared end are connected with 7 necking end of air distribution plate, are gasifying agent distributing chamber 9 below air distribution plate 7.Center deslagging Central jet gasification burner tip 8 is provided with pipe, central jet gasification burner tip 8, air distribution plate 7 and center scum pipe are coaxially disposed, in Center scum pipe gasification agent inlet 11 is provided with below heart scum pipe, and center deslagging bottom of the tube is provided with lime-ash buffering cooling tank 27.
1 point of furnace body of gasification is upper and lower two stage gasification room, gasification furnace epimere vaporizer diameter D1Straight more than hypomere vaporizer Footpath D2, both ratio range D1/D2=1.1～3, preferred scope D1/D2=1.6～2.4.A cone is provided with the middle part of gasification furnace body 1 Shape necking section, upper and lower two stage gasification room are connected by taper necking section.It is provided with above epimere vaporizer lower end, taper necking section Two-stage nitration gasification burner tip room 12, can install ignition oven burner and two-stage nitration gasification burner tip.Below taper necking section, on air distribution plate 7 Side is provided with granular fuel and feeds system and material return system, and both are symmetrically arranged in gasification furnace body circumference, and granular fuel feeds mouth It is respectively positioned on above air distribution plate 7 with feedback outlet.
Multi-cyclone can carry out connection in series-parallel setting, i.e., carry out shunting to synthesis gas and form parallel connection, and each bypass sets Multi-cyclone, connects for two stage cyclone separator in the present embodiment.Reactor outlet 18 passes through syngas outlet pipe 19 It is connected with primary cyclone 2, primary cyclone 2 is connected with secondary cyclone 3 by a screw outlet pipe 20, two Two screw outlets 21 are provided with the top of level cyclone separator 3.
Granular fuel feeds system includes Bunker 4 and fuel feedstock lower limb 5, and Bunker 4 is by fuel feedstock lower limb 5 and gasification The hypomere vaporizer connection of furnace body 1.
Powder fuel feeds system includes that powder fuel storehouse 23, dust pelletizing system 22 are connected with powder fuel storehouse 23, and powder body fires Material feedstock vessel 25 connects powder fuel storehouse 23 by powder fuel lock hopper 24, and powder fuel feedstock vessel 25 passes through powder fuel entrance 28 are connected with central jet gasification burner tip 8.
Material return system includes the first material-returning device 15, and primary cyclone 2 is by a cycle dipleg 17 and the first returning charge Device 15 connects, and the first material-returning device 15 is connected with the second material-returning device 13 by refeed line 14, and the second material-returning device 13 passes through The hypomere vaporizer of the connection gasification furnace body 1 of feed back lower limb 6.
3 bottom of secondary cyclone is provided with two and screws off dipleg 16, and two screw off dipleg 16 can connect powder fuel storehouse 23, and two Screw off the hypomere vaporizer that dipleg 16 also directly can connect gasification furnace body 1 by feed back lower limb 6.
In conjunction with Fig. 2～Fig. 4, central jet gasification burner tip 8 is provided with jacket type cooling system, can be adopted using telescopic design Cooled down with coolants such as water.Central passage is powder fuel passage 32, is provided with central passage shower nozzle 38 at the top of which, and bottom sets There is powder fuel entrance 28；Circular passage is gasifying agent passage 31, is provided with circular passage shower nozzle 37 at the top of which, and bottom is provided with gasification Agent entrance 30；Outermost is cooling jacket 36, enters passage 33 and coolant outlet passage 34 including coolant, its bottom difference It is provided with coolant import and export 29a, 29b.Gasification burner tip upper end spout logistics 8～35m/s of flow velocity, preferred value 15m/s.Center leads to Road is passed through coal dust and can be conveyed using the noble gases such as nitrogen or carbon dioxide.
Air distribution plate 7 is communicated by the air distribution plate gasifying agent spout 35 being located on air distribution plate with gasifying agent distributing chamber 9, gasifying agent Distributing chamber 9 is connected with gasification agent inlet pipe 10.In conjunction with Fig. 3, with cooling system, in Fig. 3,39 enter air distribution plate 7 for air distribution plate coolant Mouthful, 40 is air distribution plate coolant outlet.In conjunction with Fig. 5, air distribution plate gasifying agent spout 35 is arranged along 7 even circumferential of air distribution plate, is provided with 5 ～30 circle sieve aperture spouts 42, often circle sieve aperture spout quantity is equal, and often circle sieve aperture nozzle diameter radially successively decreases along air distribution plate, in The sieve aperture nozzle diameter of heart scum pipe is minimum, and control gasifying agent to spray flow rates from air distribution plate sieve aperture spout is 0.5～5m/s, 0.8～3m/s of preferred value, in order to prevent lime-ash from falling into air distribution plate cavity, is provided with sieve aperture baffle plate 43 below sieve aperture spout.
Air distribution plate is pyramidal structure, 30 °～120 ° of bell angle theta angular range, 30 °～60 ° of preferred value.Center deslagging 10～45 ° of pipe epimere enlarging angle beta angular range, 15 °～30 ° of preferred value.A knuckle α, α is provided with the middle part of central jet gasification burner tip 90 °～150 ° of angular range, 120 °～135 ° of preferred scope.Two-stage nitration gasification burner tip room central axis is had angle with horizontal plane shape 90 °～150 ° of μ, angle μ angular range, 120 ° of preferred value.Two-stage nitration gasification burner tip room 12 is along the simplified circumference same level of reactor Face is evenly arranged, two-stage nitration gasification burner tip room number scope 1～8, preferably 2～4, two-stage nitration gasification burner tip room central axis and water Planar shaped has angle μ, 90 °～150 ° of angle μ angular ranges, 120 ° of preferred value.Gasification furnace body middle cone shape necking section Bell angle η scopes are 15 °～60 °, preferably 30 °～45 °.
The fuel amount of feeding W1With feed back amount W2Ratio be referred to as circulating ratio, i.e. W2/W1, circulating ratio scope is controlled for 20 ～80.Circulating ratio is adjusted by bed apparent velocity, and apparent velocity has reacted air-flow in reactor inner section flow velocity, its Range preferably from 2～10m/s, preferably 3～5m/s.Gasification reactor operation temperature is 800～1200 DEG C, according to used Fuel coal ash meltbility, operating pressure 0～6.0MPa of scope.The gasifying agent control speed 1 that two-stage nitration gasification burner tip room sprays into～ 15m/s, 2～8m/s of preferred scope.
Fuel enters reactor, the particle size range 0 of fuel particle by high-pressure delivery feed-type based on solid granulates ～20mm, preferably 0～10mm, account for the 60～90% of total amount of fuel, remaining 10～40% and pass through powder body using powder fuel form Fuel is sent into system to central jet gasification burner tip and sends into gasification furnace, and powder fuel particle diameter is preferably 10～200 μm, preferable particle size 40～100 μm of scope, can select N2、CO2Or other one or more mixed gas delivery.
In conjunction with Fig. 6, fuel of the present invention includes all carbonic solid fuels, including biomass, coal, petroleum coke, Semi-coke, gangue and its mixture.Grain breakage to below 20mm is got the raw materials ready with Bunker 4, lower limb 5 is conveyed by fuel and is sent into stream Fluidized bed reactor, conveys gas 26 feeding center using powder fuel by the fine grained of screening after powder fuel feeds system Jet gasification burner tip 8, gasifying agent pass through center scum pipe 41,8 gasifying agent passage 31 of central jet gasification burner tip and cloth wind respectively Gasifying agent spout 35 set by plate 7 sends into reactor, first in the indoor generation burning of lower gasification and gasification reaction, central jet gas Change and produce about 1300 DEG C of high temperature, powder fuel melting is reunited, heat radiation to periphery is used for gasifying, and gasifying agent carries fuel Particle shape carries partial particulate and flows up into epimere vaporizer into fluidization, air-flow, in the gasification that two-stage nitration burner room 12 sprays into Agent effect is lower to there is second gasification reaction, and sets up stable bed, and synthesis gas is discharged by reactor head outlet 18, and is pressed from both sides With the fuel particle that part is not reacted completely, in the presence of primary cyclone 2 and secondary cyclone 3, granule Separated, respectively by feed back lower limb 16 and 17 to material-returning device, after coarse granule is separated by the first cyclone separator 2, passed through down successively Drop dipleg 14, material-returning device 13 and feed back lower limb 6 directly return gasification furnace 1, and fine grained is returned after being separated by the second cyclone separator 3 Powder fuel storehouse 23, forms cycle gasification, reaches higher circulating ratio and gasification efficiency, and coal combustible is thoroughly converted.
In gasification reactor apparatus, the equipment such as gasification reactor 1, one/secondary cyclone 2,3 is served as a contrast using refractory material In structure, side towards the fire adopt abrasionproof refractory liner.
Gasifying agent may be selected water vapour, oxygen, oxygen-enriched air (O221%) and carbon dioxide and its mixing volumetric concentration ＞ Gas, oxygen are not required to reach certain flow with fuel generation burning and gasification reaction as oxidant.Most of gasifying agent from Central jet gasification burner tip 8, air distribution plate 7 and center scum pipe 41 are sent into, and remaining gasifying agent is sprayed by two-stage nitration gasification burner tip room 12 Enter gasification reactor.
By taking the combined type circulating fluidized gasification reaction unit of 2000 tons of brown coal of a day output as an example.The coal of bunker coal Prime number evidence is shown in Table 1.The design parameter of gasification reactor apparatus is as follows：
Operating pressure：4.0MPaG；
Operation temperature：1160℃；
Gasifying agent：Pure oxygen and water vapour；
Broken coal fuel particle diameter：0～10mm, mean diameter 6mm, gross mass accounting 80%；
Pulverized coal fuel particle diameter：0～200 μm, 65 μm of mean diameter, gross mass accounting 15%, using N2Conveying；
Circulating ash accounts for powder fuel and feeds total amount 5%；
Structure of reactor：Hypomere vaporizer internal diameter 1100mm, high 7500mm, epimere vaporizer internal diameter 1750mm are high 16800mm, 45 ° of conical section necking angle；
Circulating ratio：25；
Gasifying agent distributes：Central jet gasification burner tip accounts for 50%, air distribution plate 25%, two-stage nitration burner room 15%, center deslagging Pipe 10%；
Deslagging temperature：1000℃；
Reactor inner section apparent velocity：～3.5m/s.
1 bunker coal coal analysis data of table
Gasification reaction exiting syngas predominant gas are constituted：
CO：45.12；H2：38.08；CH4：4.32；CO2：4.59；H2O：5.75；N2：1.86
Synthesis throughput：6870kmol/h；
Synthesis gas temperature：1028℃；
Water vapour is consumed：11867kg/h；
Oxygen is consumed：28534kg/h；
Nitrogen is consumed：450Nm3/h；
Similar technique representative art index contrast situation is shown in Table 2 both at home and abroad.
2 fluidized gasification reaction technology index of table is contrasted
From the technical specification centering of table 2, it can be deduced that, the combined type circulating fluidized gasification reaction described in patent of the present invention Due to domestic and international similar technique on the consumption indicators such as oxygen consumption, water vapour consumption, efficiency of carbon con version is higher by about 10 hundred to device More than branch, operation temperature is moderate, it is achieved that fine coal and broken coal feed vaporization simultaneously, efficiency of carbon con version produce coal up to more than 99% Ash can be as building materials using simultaneously harmless treatment.
In sum, patent of the present invention has obvious technological innovation advantage, it is adaptable to the trans-utilization such as fuel gasification Large-scale promotion application.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of combined type circulating fluidized gasification reaction unit, it is characterised in that：Separated by reactor body, multistage cyclone Device, granular fuel feed system, powder fuel and feed system, central jet gasification burner tip and material return system composition；
Reactor body includes that the furnace body (1) that gasifies, reactor outlet (18) are located at the top of gasification furnace body (1), gasification furnace sheet Body (1) bottom is provided with center scum pipe (41), and air distribution plate (7) is same to be located in above central row slag pipe (41), below air distribution plate (7) For gasifying agent distributing chamber (9)；Central jet gasification burner tip (8) is provided with center scum pipe (41), below center scum pipe (41) It is provided with gasification agent inlet；Gasification furnace body (1) is divided into upper and lower two stage gasification room, and upper and lower two stage gasification room passes through taper necking section Connection, epimere vaporizer lower end are provided with two-stage nitration gasification burner tip room (12), connection below taper necking section, above air distribution plate (7) Grain fuel feeds system and material return system；
Multi-cyclone is at least two stage cyclone separator series connection, reactor outlet (18) and primary cyclone (2) Connection, primary cyclone (2) outlet are connected with secondary cyclone (3)；Separate through primary cyclone (2) Coarse granule by material return system return gasification furnace body (1) hypomere vaporizer, separate through secondary cyclone (3) Fine grained feeds system by powder fuel and enters central jet gasification burner tip (8), final penetrating gasification furnace body (1).
2. a kind of combined type circulating fluidized gasification reaction unit as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The central row It is bell-mouth structure of air at the top of slag pipe (41), described air distribution plate (7) are pyramidal structure, center scum pipe (41) flared end and air distribution plate (7) necking end is connected；Central jet gasification burner tip (8), air distribution plate (7) and center scum pipe (41) are coaxially disposed.
3. a kind of combined type circulating fluidized gasification reaction unit as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The granule combustion 0～the 10mm of particle size range of material, accounts for the 60%～90% of total amount of fuel；10～200 μm of powder fuel particle size range, accounts for fuel total The 10%～40% of amount.
4. a kind of combined type circulating fluidized gasification reaction unit as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The epimere gas Change room diameter D1 and be more than hypomere vaporizer diameter D2, both ratio range D1/D2=1.1～3.
5. a kind of combined type circulating fluidized gasification reaction unit as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The granule combustion Material feeds system includes Bunker (4) and fuel feedstock lower limb (5), and Bunker (4) is by fuel feedstock lower limb (5) and gasification furnace body (1) hypomere vaporizer connection.
6. a kind of combined type circulating fluidized gasification reaction unit as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The feed back system System includes the first material-returning device (15), and described primary cyclone (2) are by a cycle dipleg (17) and the first material-returning device (15) connect, the first material-returning device (15) is connected with the second material-returning device (13) by refeed line (14), the second material-returning device (13) connect the hypomere vaporizer of gasification furnace body (1) by feed back lower limb (6).
7. a kind of combined type circulating fluidized gasification reaction unit as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The powder body combustion Material feeds system includes that powder fuel storehouse (23), secondary cyclone (3) bottom are provided with two and screw off dipleg (16), two rotations Lower dipleg (16) connection powder fuel storehouse (23), dust pelletizing system (22) are connected with powder fuel storehouse (23), powder fuel feedstock vessel (25) powder fuel storehouse (23) is connected by powder fuel lock hopper (24), powder fuel feedstock vessel (25) passes through powder fuel entrance (28) it is connected with central jet gasification burner tip (8).
8. a kind of combined type circulating fluidized gasification reaction unit as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that：Penetrate at the center Flow gasification burner (8) include that the powder fuel passage (32) being coaxially disposed from inside to outside, gasifying agent passage (31), coolant are entered Passage (33) and coolant outlet passage (34), described powder fuel feedstock vessel (25) are by powder fuel entrance (28) and powder body Fuel channel (32) connects；A knuckle α, 90 °～150 ° of α scopes is provided with the middle part of central jet gasification burner tip (8).
9. a kind of combined type circulating fluidized gasification reaction unit as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The air distribution plate (7) communicated by air distribution plate gasifying agent spout (35) on air distribution plate with gasifying agent distributing chamber (9), the gasifying agent distribution Room (9) connection gasification agent inlet pipe (10)；Described air distribution plate (7) band cooling system；It is uniformly provided with 5 on air distribution plate (7)～ 30 circles sieve aperture spout (42), often circle sieve aperture spout (42) quantity is equal, and often circle sieve aperture spout (42) diameter is radially passed along air distribution plate Subtract, sieve aperture spout (42) diameter near center scum pipe (41) is minimum, is provided with sieve aperture baffle plate (43) below sieve aperture spout (42).
10. a kind of combined type circulating fluidized gasification reaction unit as claimed in claim 8, it is characterised in that：Gasifying agent from Central jet gasification burner tip (8), center scum pipe (41), air distribution plate (7) and two-stage nitration gasification burner tip room (12) enter reaction Device body, the gasifying agent for entering reactor body from central jet gasification burner tip (8) account for all gasifying agent ratios for 20%～ 80%, central jet gasification burner tip (8) upper end spout gasifying agent 8～30m/s of flow velocity.
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