CN104493319B - Fine electrochemical method for machining metal surface with imitation shark skin structure by taking gel as medium - Google Patents
Fine electrochemical method for machining metal surface with imitation shark skin structure by taking gel as medium Download PDFInfo
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- CN104493319B CN104493319B CN201410686399.3A CN201410686399A CN104493319B CN 104493319 B CN104493319 B CN 104493319B CN 201410686399 A CN201410686399 A CN 201410686399A CN 104493319 B CN104493319 B CN 104493319B
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- gel
- processing
- electrolyzed
- machining
- electrolyzed processing
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H3/00—Electrochemical machining, i.e. removing metal by passing current between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of an electrolyte
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H9/00—Machining specially adapted for treating particular metal objects or for obtaining special effects or results on metal objects
- B23H9/008—Surface roughening or texturing
Abstract
The invention discloses a fine electrochemical method for machining a metal surface with an imitation shark skin structure by taking gel as a medium and relates to the fields of electrochemical machining, bionics and the like. The method specifically includes an electrochemical machining preparatory stage and an electrochemical machining stage, wherein for the electrochemical machining preparatory stage, preparing a gel mould with a shark skin surface microstructure and preparing electrolyte NaNO3 by the aid of the 3D (three dimensional) printing technology, and for the electrochemical machining stage, preparing the gel with the surface rough microstructure by the aid of the gel mould; subjecting the gel to electrolytic treatment by adopting automatic electrochemical machining or manual electrochemical machining; after machining, cleaning the machining surface so as to remove electric chips and impurities. The electrochemical machining is performed by taking a tool electrode wrapped by the gel containing electrolyte as an anode and a workpiece as a cathode. The electrolyte NaNO3 is absorbed by a space grid structure of the gel, so that an electrochemical reaction region is limited by the shape of the gel, the shaped of the gel is formed by the mould of the imitation shark skin structure, and the surface of the workpiece can be finely machined.
Description
Technical field
The invention mainly relates to bionics and micro Electrochemical Fabrication field is specifically related to a kind of method that sharkskin structure is imitated in gel media electrochemical micromachining metal surface.
Background technology
The most travelling shark, its skin surface streamwise arranges channel form structure in an orderly manner, it is believed that this structure can reduce skin friction resistance in turbulent flow.People emulate this biological structure to carry out experimentation and application, by replicating and improving shark skin surface grooves shape structure so that frictional resistance maximum reduces nearly 10%.But, imitate sharkskin structure by the method manufacture replicated, need sharkskin to make sample, do not meet the original intention of protection shark, and extremely difficult to metal surface processing fine structure, it is easily worked failure.Electrolyzed Processing, as emerging fine machining method, has crudy good, and machining accuracy is high and without advantages such as surface residual stresses.Electrochemical Machining Technology is widely used in processing fine structure and difficult-to-machine material.Gel can be full of substantial amounts of liquid medium as the colloid with certain space structure, thus ensures scope and the time of Electrolyzed Processing.
Summary of the invention
A kind of method that present invention essence is to provide gel media electrochemical micromachining metal surface to imitate sharkskin structure.It is intended to by utilizing electrochemical micromachining technology manufacture to have the metal surface of sharkskin architectural feature with gel for medium, machined surface area is controlled by gel adsorption electrolyte solution, improve the accuracy of machining area, it is ensured that on gel mold, imitative shark skin surface shape can copy to the treatment of surfaces of components completely.
The method that sharkskin structure is imitated in the gel media electrochemical micromachining metal surface that the present invention proposes, it is characterised in that specifically comprise the following steps that
(1). the Electrolyzed Processing preparatory stage
(1.1) prepare mould, computer is set up the mould with shark skin surface structure, described mould is imported to 3D printer, and is made；
(1.2). preparation electrolyte, compound concentration is the NaNO of 10g/L3Solution, in case Electrolyzed Processing；
(2). the Electrolyzed Processing stage
(2.1). prepare gel；Step (1.2) is obtained NaNO3Solution, dimethylacetoacetamide DMAA, clay and light trigger DEAP are placed in gel mold according to mass ratio 70:70:29:1 mix homogeneously, and irradiating ultraviolet light line, and then obtain having effigurate gel；
(2.2). Electrolyzed Processing, described electrochemical machining method can use automatic Electrolyzed Processing or manual Electrolyzed Processing；
For automatic Electrolyzed Processing, the system of processing that described automatic Electrolyzed Processing uses includes machine control unit, power supply, machine tool drive unit, lathe performance element, processing platform and instrument anode；Being fixed on processing platform by processing workpiece, described processing workpiece is connected with power cathode；Positive source fastening means anode, described instrument anode one end is connected with lathe performance element, the gel that other end installation steps (2.1) obtain；Machine control unit is closed by the X of signal controlling machine bed performance element, Y, the feed motion of Z-direction and the logical of power supply of feedback in the program being previously set and the course of processing；Instrument anode is realized and the processing workpiece relative motion on processing platform by the motion of lathe performance element, and the distance that every time moves of Y-axis is equal to the length of gel；Electrolyzed Processing power supply is controlled in real time by machine control unit according to feedback signal；
Manual Electrolyzed Processing, gel step (2.1) made from gel mold and instrument anode are taken out and is arranged on handle junction, manually control the gel electrode motion at processing surface of the work；Specifically: remove and be positioned at the ambilateral baffle plate of gel mold, gel step (2.1) obtained and tool-electrode take out, prominent instrument anode part is arranged on handle junction, processing workpiece is then fixed on processing platform, and be connected with power cathode, the hand-held handle of staff, thumb is pinned the switch on handle, is started processing；Distance block can control gel and the distance of processing surface of the work, i.e. processes gap, prevents the hand shaking due to staff, causes the defects such as processing line is short-circuit, finished surface shape is inconsistent；
(3). Electrolyzed Processing post processing
After completing Electrolyzed Processing, need processing surface of the work is carried out, to remove electricity bits and impurity, and check processing effect.
In the present invention, during described automatic Electrolyzed Processing, instrument anode one end is wrapped up by gel, and remainder is then fixed on lathe performance element by insulant.
In the present invention, gel mold is manufactured by 3D printing technique, and the surface of gel mold is the shark skin surface structure utilizing bionics to optimize.
In the present invention, described instrument anode one end is wrapped up by gel, and other parts are fixed on performance element by insulant.
Electrolytic medium in the present invention is to have adsorbed electrolyte NaNO3Gel, owing to gel has certain space structure, it is possible to well by the imitative shark skin surface structure replication on gel mold to metal works finished surface.
In the present invention in the course of processing, the electrolyte NaNO of gel parcel3Solution concentration can be gradually lowered along with the carrying out of processing, in order to ensure that the sustainable of processing is carried out, needs timing to supplement NaNO in gel3Solution.
In the present invention, the quality of Electrolyzed Processing and decomposition voltage, process velocity and processing gap are relevant, so adding man-hour, need to control the course of processing in conjunction with three, thus the most high-quality complete Electrolyzed Processing.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is gel preparation facilities model；
Fig. 2 is manual Electrolyzed Processing schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is automatically to be electrolysed machining sketch chart；
Fig. 4 is manual processing unit (plant) model；
Label in figure: 1 is processing workpiece, and 2 is processing platform, and 3 is power supply, and 4 is gel, and 5 is instrument anode, 6 is insulation material layer, and 7 is lathe performance element, and 8 is handle, and 9 is machine tool drive unit, and 10 is machine control unit, 11 is switch, and 12 is distance block, and 13 is gel mold, and 14 is baffle plate.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention has applied to bionics knowledge and electrochemical Machining Technology, is described in detail processing method of the present invention below in conjunction with processing sketch.General step for the present invention is: the processing preparatory stage, the preparation of gel, rationally selects automatic or manual processing mode, building of processing platform, Electrolyzed Processing and post-process treatment.Wherein imitate shark skin surface structure mold 3D printing, the preparation of gel, build automatic processing platform and manual processing platform and Electrolyzed Processing is the core content of the present invention.
Embodiment 1: before carrying out Electrolyzed Processing, is required for preparing gel mold, is mainly had the mould of the fine surface texture of sharkskin by the processing of 3D printing technique, has effigurate gel for preparation and prepares.
Gel producing device in the present invention is as shown in Figure 1, described device is made up of instrument anode 5, gel mold 13 and baffle plate 14, described gel mold 13 two ends are provided with baffle plate 14, and the die cavity of gel mold 13, equipped with instrument anode 5, irradiates gel mold 13 by ultraviolet light；Gel 4 is prepared in gel mold 13；By electrolyte NaNO3Solution, dimethylacetoacetamide DMAA, clay and light trigger DEAP uniformly mix according to the mass ratio of 70:70:29:1 with water; obtain the gel solution of clear, the gel solution obtained is poured into equipped with in the die cavity of the gel mold 13 of instrument anode 5；Being placed under the irradiation of purple light light, i.e. can obtain processing required gel 4 after about 1 hour, described gel 4 is coated on outside instrument anode 5.
As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 4, manual processing unit (plant) is made up of power supply 3, processing workpiece 1, handle 8, distance block 12, gel 4, switch 11 and instrument anode 5, power supply 3 one end connects processing workpiece 1, the other end connects handle 8, handle 8 one end is provided with switch 11, other end fastening means anode 5, instrument anode 5 top is provided with one piece of distance block 12 protruded；The gel 4 made in gel mold 13 and instrument anode 5 are taken out and is arranged on handle 8 junction, manually control the gel electrode motion on intermetallic composite coating surface.The baffle plate 14 that specifically will be located in gel mold 13 both sides removes, and effigurate for the tool of preparation gel 4 and tool-electrode 5 is taken out, and prominent instrument anode 5 part is directly installed on handle 8 junction, decreases the gel deformation at moving process.Process that workpiece 1 is then fixing on the table and to be connected with power supply 3 negative pole.The hand-held handle of staff 8, thumb is pinned switch 11, can be controlled gel 4 and the distance on processing workpiece 1 surface apart from block 12, i.e. process gap, prevent the hand shaking due to staff, make the defects such as processing line is short-circuit, finished surface shape is inconsistent.Adding man-hour, after checking that circuit is errorless, close switch 11, it is disconnected with connecing of power supply 3 positive pole that the switch 11 on handle 8 can control instrument anode 5 in real time, adds the control to the course of processing, it is possible to effectively avoids processing short circuit.Wherein processing workpiece 1, power supply 3, gel 4 and instrument anode 5 composition Guan Bi Electrolyzed Processing circuit.Machining rear operator only need to be opened by the switch 11 on handle 8, can disconnect the connection of instrument anode 5 and power supply 3 positive pole, this has important effect to safety and the control timely of protection operator process time.
As it is shown on figure 3, automatic processing system is made up of, wherein control unit 10, power supply 3, mechanical transmission unit 9, performance element 7, processing platform 2 and instrument anode 5: power supply 3 includes electrolysis power and lathe power supply.Processing workpiece 1 is arranged on processing platform 2, is fixed by the fixture with insulating barrier, and be connected with the electrolysis power negative pole on power supply 3 by wire；Being arranged on instrument anode 5 by the gel 4 prepared, instrument anode 5 is connected with the main shaft with insulating barrier in lathe performance element 7, and instrument anode 5 is connected with the electrolysis power positive pole on power supply 3；By existing Producer according to self needing the program write to import to machine control unit 10, check that circuit opens controller operation program after normal.In the course of processing, machine control unit 10 in real time according to the current feedback information correction machining path measured by machine tool drive unit 9 and Electrolyzed Processing and time, thus can realize automatization and the intellectuality of whole processing.Wherein power supply 3, gel 4 and instrument anode 5 form the closed-loop path of Electrolyzed Processing, thus realize Electrolyzed Processing.
After completing Electrolyzed Processing, need finished surface is carried out.Meet the requirements, then complete gel media electrochemical micromachining metal surface and imitate sharkskin structure.
Claims (3)
1. the method that sharkskin structure is imitated in a gel media electrochemical micromachining metal surface, it is characterised in that specifically comprise the following steps that
(1). the Electrolyzed Processing preparatory stage
(1.1) prepare mould, computer is set up the mould with shark skin surface structure, the information of described mould is imported to 3D printer, and is made；
(1.2). preparation electrolyte, compound concentration is the NaNO of 10g/L3Solution, in case Electrolyzed Processing；
(2). the Electrolyzed Processing stage
(2.1). prepare gel；Step (1.2) is obtained NaNO3Solution, dimethylacetoacetamide DMAA, clay and light trigger DEAP are placed in gel mold according to mass ratio 70:70:29:1 mix homogeneously, and irradiating ultraviolet light line, and then obtain having effigurate gel；
(2.2). Electrolyzed Processing, the method for described Electrolyzed Processing uses automatic Electrolyzed Processing or manual Electrolyzed Processing；
For automatic Electrolyzed Processing, the system of processing that described automatic Electrolyzed Processing uses includes machine control unit, power supply, machine tool drive unit, lathe performance element, processing platform and instrument anode；Being fixed on processing platform by processing workpiece, described processing workpiece is connected with power cathode；Positive source fastening means anode, described instrument anode one end is connected with lathe performance element, the gel that other end installation steps (2.1) obtain；Machine control unit is closed by the X of signal controlling machine bed performance element, Y, the feed motion of Z-direction and the logical of power supply of feedback in the program being previously set and the course of processing；Instrument anode is realized and the processing workpiece relative motion on processing platform by the motion of lathe performance element, and the distance that every time moves of Y-axis is equal to the length of gel；Electrolyzed Processing power supply is controlled in real time by machine control unit according to feedback signal；
Manual Electrolyzed Processing, gel step (2.1) made from gel mold and instrument anode are taken out and is arranged on handle junction, manually control the gel electrode motion at processing surface of the work；Specifically: remove and be positioned at the ambilateral baffle plate of gel mold, gel step (2.1) obtained and instrument anode take out, prominent instrument anode part is arranged on handle junction, processing workpiece is then fixed on processing platform, and be connected with power cathode, the hand-held handle of staff, thumb is pinned the switch on handle, is started processing；Distance block can control gel and the distance of processing surface of the work, i.e. processes gap, prevents the hand shaking due to staff, causes processing line short circuit, finished surface shape inconsistent；
(3). Electrolyzed Processing post processing
After completing Electrolyzed Processing, need processing surface of the work is carried out, to remove electricity bits and impurity, and check processing effect.
The method that sharkskin structure is imitated in gel media electrochemical micromachining metal surface the most according to claim 1, when it is characterized in that described automatic Electrolyzed Processing, instrument anode one end is wrapped up by gel, and remainder is then fixed on lathe performance element by insulant.
The method that sharkskin structure is imitated in gel media electrochemical micromachining metal surface the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that utilize the gel being wrapped in electrolyte, as conducting medium, the gel mold with sharkskin fine structure is copied to intermetallic composite coating surface.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201410686399.3A CN104493319B (en) | 2014-11-26 | 2014-11-26 | Fine electrochemical method for machining metal surface with imitation shark skin structure by taking gel as medium |
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| CN201410686399.3A CN104493319B (en) | 2014-11-26 | 2014-11-26 | Fine electrochemical method for machining metal surface with imitation shark skin structure by taking gel as medium |
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| CN104493319A CN104493319A (en) | 2015-04-08 |
| CN104493319B true CN104493319B (en) | 2017-01-11 |
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| CN106938359A (en) * | 2017-03-29 | 2017-07-11 | 武汉理工大学 | A kind of controllable method for preparing of metal bionic micro-nano structure |
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| GB1103486A (en) * | 1964-06-11 | 1968-02-14 | Ass Eng Ltd | Improvements in electrochemical machining |
| DE1615408A1 (en) * | 1967-09-02 | 1972-01-05 | Siemens Ag | Electrode for the electrochemical production of multi-stage turbine runners |
| CN101693312B (en) * | 2009-08-28 | 2011-05-04 | 刘延禄 | Method for processing steel mold cavity |
| CN102658404B (en) * | 2012-05-11 | 2014-04-16 | 南昌航空大学 | Precision combined electrochemical machining method |
| CN103624985B (en) * | 2013-11-22 | 2016-01-20 | 北京化工大学 | A kind of method of type of facial makeup in Beijing opera 3D printing shaping |
| CN103737130B (en) * | 2013-12-03 | 2016-04-20 | 同济大学 | A kind of gel state brush electrochemical deburring and surface-treated method |
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