CN104493059B - Ring-type furnace and the forging method of M2 high-speed steel - Google Patents
Ring-type furnace and the forging method of M2 high-speed steel Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of ring-type furnace and the forging method of M2 high-speed steel, described ring-type furnace includes preheating zone (1), low-temperature space (2) and high-temperature region (3);One end of described low-temperature space is connected with one end of described preheating zone, and the other end is connected with one end of described high-temperature region;The other end of described preheating zone is the feeding end of described ring-type furnace, and the other end of described high-temperature region is the discharge end of described ring-type furnace, and described feeding end is connected by refractory wall with discharge end;Described feeding end is provided with feeding mouth (4), and described discharge end is provided with discharging opening (5);Wherein, the temperature of described preheating zone is 580 DEG C 620 DEG C, and the temperature of described low-temperature space is 850 DEG C 900 DEG C, and the temperature of described high-temperature region is 1195 DEG C 1205 DEG C.Forge piece crackle by the M2 high-speed steel of the method forging is few and forging temperature is interval wider.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the processing of M2 high-speed steel, in particular it relates to a kind of ring-type furnace and the forging method of M2 high-speed steel.
Background technology
M2 high-speed steel is a kind of molybdenum high speed steel, if China's trade mark is the high-speed steel of W6Cr5Mo4V2, is the main material manufacturing various cutting tools.M2 high-speed steel has high intensity, high-wearing feature and certain impact flexibility at relatively high temperatures, is in use heated under conditions of 600 DEG C still keep good cutting ability.From crystal structure, M2 high-speed steel is ledeburite steel, has once eutectic carbide.Because M2 high-speed steel contains the alloying elements such as substantial amounts of W, Cr, Mo, steel defines substantial amounts of double carbide and skewness cause M2 high-speed steel have moulding low, resistance of deformation big, the defects such as crackle more greatly, the most easily occurs in structural stress in poor thermal conductivity, cooling procedure.
For M2 high-speed steel, initial forging temperature and final forging temperature is low the most easily cracks, and final forging temperature too high if the phenomenon that austenite crystal is thick occurs, cause that bitter edible plant columnar fracture crackle occurs.Make recovery and recrystallization temperature higher additionally, due to the existence of alloying element in M2 high-speed steel, and final forging temperature more than recovery and recrystallization temperature, should cause the narrow forging temperature of M2 high-speed steel.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of ring-type furnace and the method utilizing this ring type heating to carry out M2 high-speed steel forging, the forge piece crackle by the M2 high-speed steel of the method forging is few and forging temperature is interval wider.
To achieve these goals, the invention provides a kind of ring-type furnace, ring-type furnace includes preheating zone, low-temperature space and high-temperature region;One end of low-temperature space is connected with one end of preheating zone, and the other end is connected with one end of high-temperature region;The other end of preheating zone is the feeding end of ring-type furnace, and the other end of high-temperature region is the discharge end of ring-type furnace, and feeding end is connected by refractory wall with discharge end;Feeding end is provided with feeding mouth, and discharge end is provided with discharging opening;
Wherein, the temperature of preheating zone is 580 DEG C-620 DEG C, and the temperature of low-temperature space is 850 DEG C-900 DEG C, and the temperature of high-temperature region is 1195 DEG C-1205 DEG C.
Preferably, refractory wall is the wall of resistance to Pyroxylin.
Preferably, the ratio of the length of the length of preheating zone, the length of low-temperature space and high-temperature region is 1:1.5-1.7:0.9-1.1.
Preferably, the heat of preheating zone is provided by the waste heat of low-temperature space and high-temperature region, is provided with firing equipment in low-temperature space and high-temperature region, and this firing equipment passes through gas heating.
Preferably, the pressure of combustion gas is 4KPa-5KPa, and air-fuel ratio is 4:1.
Present invention also offers the forging method of a kind of M2 high-speed steel, the forging method of this M2 high-speed steel is carried out in above-mentioned ring-type furnace, and method includes:
A, M2 high-speed steel is preheated in preheating zone 1.5-2.5h;
B, the M2 high-speed steel after preheating is warming up to 850 DEG C-900 DEG C and low-temperature heat 1.5-2.5h with the heating rate of 55 DEG C/h-65 DEG C/h from 580 DEG C-620 DEG C in low-temperature space;
C, the M2 high-speed steel after low-temperature heat is warming up to 1195 DEG C-1205 DEG C and high-temperature heating 4.5-5.5h with the heating rate of 75 DEG C/h-85 DEG C/h from 850 DEG C-900 DEG C in high-temperature region;
D, the M2 high-speed steel after high-temperature heating is carried out the forge piece that forges to make M2 high-speed steel;
Wherein, described M2 high-speed steel contains carbon, silicon, manganese, sulfur, phosphorus, chromium, nickel, copper, vanadium and molybdenum, tungsten;M2 high-speed steel with 100 weight portions, the content of described carbon is 0.80-0.90 weight portion, the content of described silicon is 0.20-0.45 weight portion, the content of described manganese is 0.15-0.40 weight portion, the content of described sulfur is less than or equal to 0.030 weight portion, the content of described phosphorus is less than or equal to 0.030 weight portion, the content of described chromium is 3.80-4.40 weight portion, the content of described nickel is less than or equal to 0.30 weight portion, the content of described copper is less than or equal to 0.25 weight portion, the content of described vanadium is 1.6-2.20 weight portion, the content of described molybdenum is 4.50-5.50 weight portion, the content of described tungsten is 5.50-6.75 weight portion.
Preferably, M2 high-speed steel be the trade mark be the molybdenum high speed steel of W6Cr5Mo4V2.
By technique scheme, M2 high-speed steel is carried out heat treatment in the preheating zone of ring-type furnace, low-temperature space and high-temperature region by the present invention successively, is then forged by the M2 high-speed steel after heat treatment.By controlling temperature and the programming rate of each thermal treatment zone in ring-type furnace so that the M2 high-speed steel forge piece crackle that the method prepares is few and forging temperature is interval wider.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail in detailed description of the invention part subsequently.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing is used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and constitutes the part of description, is used for explaining the present invention, but is not intended that limitation of the present invention together with detailed description below.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the ring-type furnace in the preferred implementation that the present invention provides.
Description of reference numerals
1, preheating zone 2, low-temperature space
3, high-temperature region 4, feeding mouth
5, discharging opening
Detailed description of the invention
Hereinafter the detailed description of the invention of the present invention is described in detail.It should be appreciated that detailed description of the invention described herein is merely to illustrate and explains the present invention, it is not limited to the present invention.
The invention provides a kind of ring-type furnace, this ring-type furnace is as it is shown in figure 1, include preheating zone 1, low-temperature space 2 and high-temperature region 3;One end of low-temperature space 2 is connected with one end of preheating zone 1, and the other end is connected with one end of high-temperature region 3;The other end of preheating zone 1 is the feeding end of ring-type furnace, and the other end of high-temperature region 3 is the discharge end of ring-type furnace, and feeding end is connected by refractory wall with discharge end;Feeding end is provided with feeding mouth 4, and discharge end is provided with discharging opening 5;Wherein, the temperature of preheating zone 1 is 580 DEG C-620 DEG C, and the temperature of low-temperature space 2 is 850 DEG C-900 DEG C, and the temperature of high-temperature region 3 is 1195 DEG C-1205 DEG C.
M2 high-speed steel carries out heat treatment sequentially passing through preheating zone 1, low-temperature space 2 and high-temperature region 3 by feeding mouth 4, is then passed through discharging opening 5 and out forges.M2 high-speed steel crackle in forging process after above-mentioned ring-type furnace heat treatment is few.
In the above-described embodiment, the kind of refractory wall can select in wide scope, but is able to more effectively control the temperature of preheating zone 1, prevents the temperature too high temperature causing preheating zone 1 in high-temperature region 3 too high so that M2 high-speed steel ftractures, preferably, refractory wall is the wall of resistance to Pyroxylin.
Simultaneously, in above-mentioned ring-type furnace, the size of preheating zone 1, low-temperature space 2 and high-temperature region 3 can select in wide scope, but so that ring-type furnace can laser heating in the forging process of M2 high-speed steel, preferably, the ratio of the length of the length of preheating zone 1, the length of low-temperature space 2 and high-temperature region 3 is 1:1.5-1.7:0.9-1.1.
Additionally, in above-mentioned ring-type furnace, the heat in ring-type furnace can be provided by heat form, it is also possible to provides in other way, as utilized waste heat.Preferably, the heat of preheating zone 1 is provided by the waste heat of low-temperature space 2 and high-temperature region 3, is provided with firing equipment in low-temperature space 2 and high-temperature region 3, and this firing equipment passes through gas heating.So without firing equipment in preheating zone 1, not only reduce equipment cost, also reduce energy cost simultaneously, dramatically saves on energy consumption, reduce production cost.
It addition, the condition of gas heating can also be in wide range, but so that the stability of the temperature in each district, it is preferable that the pressure of combustion gas is 4KPa-5KPa, and air-fuel ratio is 4:1.
Present invention also offers the forging method of a kind of M2 high-speed steel, the forging method of this M2 high-speed steel is carried out in above-mentioned ring-type furnace, and method includes:
A, M2 high-speed steel is preheated in preheating zone 1 1.5-2.5h;
B, the M2 high-speed steel after preheating is warming up to 850 DEG C-900 DEG C and low-temperature heat 1.5-2.5h with the heating rate of 55 DEG C/h-65 DEG C/h from 580 DEG C-620 DEG C in low-temperature space 2;
C, the M2 high-speed steel after low-temperature heat is warming up to 1195 DEG C-1205 DEG C and high-temperature heating 4.5-5.5h with the heating rate of 75 DEG C/h-85 DEG C/h from 850 DEG C-900 DEG C in high-temperature region 3;
D, the M2 high-speed steel after high-temperature heating is carried out the forge piece that forges to make M2 high-speed steel;
Wherein, described M2 high-speed steel contains carbon, silicon, manganese, sulfur, phosphorus, chromium, nickel, copper, vanadium and molybdenum, tungsten;M2 high-speed steel with 100 weight portions, the content of described carbon is 0.80-0.90 weight portion, the content of described silicon is 0.20-0.45 weight portion, the content of described manganese is 0.15-0.40 weight portion, the content of described sulfur is less than or equal to 0.030 weight portion, the content of described phosphorus is less than or equal to 0.030 weight portion, the content of described chromium is 3.80-4.40 weight portion, the content of described nickel is less than or equal to 0.30 weight portion, the content of described copper is less than or equal to 0.25 weight portion, the content of described vanadium is 1.6-2.20 weight portion, the content of described molybdenum is 4.50-5.50 weight portion, the content of described tungsten is 5.50-6.75 weight portion.
M2 high-speed steel is carried out heat treatment in the preheating zone 1 of ring-type furnace, low-temperature space 2 and high-temperature region 3 by the method successively, is then forged by the M2 high-speed steel after heat treatment.By controlling temperature and the programming rate of each thermal treatment zone in ring-type furnace so that the M2 high-speed steel forge piece crackle that the method prepares is few and forging temperature is interval wider.
In the forging method that the present invention provides, select in the scope that the kind of described M2 high-speed steel can be the widest, it is contemplated that forging complexity, it is preferable that M2 high-speed steel be the trade mark be the molybdenum high speed steel of W6Cr5Mo4V2.
Hereinafter will be described the present invention by embodiment.In following example, M2 high-speed steel is the commercially available product that the trade mark is W6Cr5Mo4V2 that Dongguan City spares no effort to edge metal material company limited.
Embodiment 1
A, by M2 high-speed steel that the trade mark is W6Cr5Mo4V2 (600 DEG C) preheating 2h in preheating zone 1;
B, the M2 high-speed steel after preheating is warming up to 880 DEG C and low-temperature heat 2h with the heating rate of 60 DEG C/h from 600 DEG C in low-temperature space 2;
C, the M2 high-speed steel after low-temperature heat is warming up to 1200 DEG C and high-temperature heating 5h with the heating rate of 80 DEG C/h from 880 DEG C in high-temperature region 3;
D, the M2 high-speed steel after high-temperature heating carries out forging to make the forge piece A1 of M2 high-speed steel;
Wherein, the ratio of the length of the length of preheating zone 1, the length of low-temperature space 2 and high-temperature region 3 is 1:1.6:1, and the heat of preheating zone 1 is provided by the waste heat of low-temperature space 2 and high-temperature region 3, and in low-temperature space 2 and high-temperature region 3, heat passes through gas heating, the pressure of combustion gas is 4.5KPa, and air-fuel ratio is 4:1.
Embodiment 2
A, by M2 high-speed steel that the trade mark is W6Cr5Mo4V2 (580 DEG C) preheating 1.5h in preheating zone 1;
B, the M2 high-speed steel after preheating is warming up to 850 DEG C and low-temperature heats 1.5 with the heating rate of 55 DEG C/h from 580 DEG C in low-temperature space 2;
C, the M2 high-speed steel after low-temperature heat is warming up to 1195 DEG C and high-temperature heating 4.5h with the heating rate of 75 DEG C/h from 850 DEG C in high-temperature region 3;
D, the M2 high-speed steel after high-temperature heating carries out forging to make the forge piece A2 of M2 high-speed steel;
Wherein, the ratio of the length of the length of preheating zone 1, the length of low-temperature space 2 and high-temperature region 3 is 1:1.5:0.9, and the heat of preheating zone 1 is provided by the waste heat of low-temperature space 2 and high-temperature region 3, and in low-temperature space 2 and high-temperature region 3, heat passes through gas heating, the pressure of combustion gas is 4KPa, and air-fuel ratio is 4:1.
The qualification rate of this forge piece is 98%.
Embodiment 3
A, by M2 high-speed steel that the trade mark is W6Cr5Mo4V2 (620 DEG C) preheating 2.5h in preheating zone 1;
B, the M2 high-speed steel after preheating is warming up to 900 DEG C and low-temperature heat 2.5h with the heating rate of 65 DEG C/h from 620 DEG C in low-temperature space 2;
C, the M2 high-speed steel after low-temperature heat is warming up to 1205 DEG C and high-temperature heating 5.5h with the heating rate of 85 DEG C/h from 900 DEG C in high-temperature region 3;
D, the M2 high-speed steel after high-temperature heating carries out forging to make the forge piece A3 of M2 high-speed steel;
Wherein, the ratio of the length of the length of preheating zone 1, the length of low-temperature space 2 and high-temperature region 3 is 1:1.7:1.1, and the heat of preheating zone 1 is provided by the waste heat of low-temperature space 2 and high-temperature region 3, and in low-temperature space 2 and high-temperature region 3, heat passes through gas heating, the pressure of combustion gas is 5KPa, and air-fuel ratio is 4:1.
The qualification rate of this forge piece is 98%.
Comparative example 1
Carrying out preparing forge piece B1 according to the method for embodiment 1, except for the difference that, the temperature in preheating zone 1 is 550 DEG C.The qualification rate of this forge piece is 74%.
Comparative example 2
Carrying out preparing forge piece B2 according to the method for embodiment 1, except for the difference that, the temperature in preheating zone 1 is 650 DEG C.The qualification rate of this forge piece is 78%.
Comparative example 3
Carrying out preparing forge piece B3 according to the method for embodiment 1, except for the difference that, the temperature in low-temperature space 2 is 800 DEG C.The qualification rate of this forge piece is 80%.
Comparative example 4
Carrying out preparing forge piece B4 according to the method for embodiment 1, except for the difference that, the temperature in low-temperature space 2 is 950 DEG C.The qualification rate of this forge piece is 81%.
Comparative example 5
According to the method for embodiment 1 carry out prepare forge piece B5, except for the difference that, the temperature in low-temperature space 2 be heating rate be 50 DEG C/h.The qualification rate of this forge piece is 84%.
Comparative example 6
According to the method for embodiment 1 carry out prepare forge piece B6, except for the difference that, the temperature in low-temperature space 2 be heating rate be 70 DEG C/h.The qualification rate of this forge piece is 76%.
Comparative example 7
Carrying out preparing forge piece B7 according to the method for embodiment 1, except for the difference that, the temperature retention time in low-temperature space 2 is 1h.The qualification rate of this forge piece is 65%.
Comparative example 8
Carrying out preparing forge piece B8 according to the method for embodiment 1, except for the difference that, the temperature retention time in low-temperature space 2 is 3h.The qualification rate of this forge piece is 79%.
Comparative example 9
Carrying out preparing forge piece B9 according to the method for embodiment 1, except for the difference that, the temperature in high-temperature region 3 is 1180 DEG C.The qualification rate of this forge piece is 69%.
Comparative example 10
Carrying out preparing forge piece B10 according to the method for embodiment 1, except for the difference that, the temperature in high-temperature region 3 is 1220 DEG C.The qualification rate of this forge piece is 73%.
Comparative example 11
According to the method for embodiment 1 carry out prepare forge piece B11, except for the difference that, the temperature in high-temperature region 3 be heating rate be 70 DEG C/h.The qualification rate of this forge piece is 66%.
Comparative example 12
According to the method for embodiment 1 carry out prepare forge piece B12, except for the difference that, the temperature in high-temperature region 3 be heating rate be 90 DEG C/h.The qualification rate of this forge piece is 85%.
Comparative example 13
Carrying out preparing forge piece B13 according to the method for embodiment 1, except for the difference that, the temperature retention time in high-temperature region 3 is 1h.The qualification rate of this forge piece is 76%.
Comparative example 14
Carrying out preparing forge piece B14 according to the method for embodiment 1, except for the difference that, the temperature retention time in high-temperature region 3 is 3h.The qualification rate of this forge piece is 70%.
From above-described embodiment and comparative example, ring-type furnace and forging method that the present invention provides prepare forge piece and have the qualification rate of excellence, and forging temperature interval is bigger.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention described in detail above; but, the present invention is not limited to the detail in above-mentioned embodiment, in the technology concept of the present invention; technical scheme can be carried out multiple simple variant, these simple variant belong to protection scope of the present invention.
It is further to note that, each concrete technical characteristic described in above-mentioned detailed description of the invention, in the case of reconcilable, can be combined by any suitable means, in order to avoid unnecessary repetition, various possible compound modes are illustrated by the present invention the most separately.
Additionally, can also carry out combination in any between the various different embodiment of the present invention, as long as it is without prejudice to the thought of the present invention, it should be considered as content disclosed in this invention equally.
Claims (6)
1. the forging method of a M2 high-speed steel, it is characterised in that the forging of described M2 high-speed steel
Method is carried out in ring-type furnace, and described ring-type furnace includes preheating zone (1), low-temperature space (2)
With high-temperature region (3);One end of described low-temperature space (2) is connected with the one end of described preheating zone (1),
The other end is connected with the one end of described high-temperature region (3);The other end of described preheating zone (1) is described
The feeding end of ring-type furnace, the discharging that the other end is described ring-type furnace of described high-temperature region (3)
End, described feeding end is connected by refractory wall with discharge end;Described feeding end is provided with feeding mouth (4),
Described discharge end is provided with discharging opening (5);The temperature of described preheating zone (1) is 580 DEG C-620 DEG C, institute
The temperature stating low-temperature space (2) is 850 DEG C-900 DEG C, and the temperature of described high-temperature region (3) is 1195 DEG C-1205
℃;
Described method includes:
A, by M2 high-speed steel preheating 1.5-2.5h in described preheating zone (1);
B, will preheating after M2 high-speed steel in described low-temperature space (2) with the liter of 55 DEG C/h-65 DEG C/h
Temperature speed is warming up to 850 DEG C-900 DEG C and low-temperature heat 1.5-2.5h from 580 DEG C-620 DEG C;
C, by the M2 high-speed steel after low-temperature heat in described high-temperature region (3) with 75 DEG C/h-85 DEG C/h
Heating rate be warming up to 1195 DEG C-1205 DEG C and high-temperature heating 4.5-5.5h from 850 DEG C-900 DEG C;
D, the M2 high-speed steel after high-temperature heating is carried out the forge piece that forges to make M2 high-speed steel;
Wherein, described M2 high-speed steel contain carbon, silicon, manganese, sulfur, phosphorus, chromium, nickel, copper, vanadium and molybdenum,
Tungsten;With the M2 high-speed steel of 100 weight portions, the content of described carbon is 0.80-0.90 weight portion, described silicon
Content be 0.20-0.45 weight portion, the content of described manganese is 0.15-0.40 weight portion, containing of described sulfur
Amount is less than or equal to 0.030 weight portion, and the content of described phosphorus is less than or equal to 0.030 weight portion, described
The content of chromium is 3.80-4.40 weight portion, and the content of described nickel is less than or equal to 0.30 weight portion, described
The content of copper is less than or equal to 0.25 weight portion, and the content of described vanadium is 1.6-2.20 weight portion, described
The content of molybdenum is 4.50-5.50 weight portion, and the content of described tungsten is 5.50-6.75 weight portion.
The forging method of M2 high-speed steel the most according to claim 1, wherein, described M2 is high
Speed steel be the trade mark be the molybdenum high speed steel of W6Cr5Mo4V2.
The forging method of M2 high-speed steel the most according to claim 1 and 2, wherein, described resistance to
Wall with flues is the wall of resistance to Pyroxylin.
The forging method of M2 high-speed steel the most according to claim 1 and 2, wherein, described pre-
The length of hot-zone (1), the ratio of length of the length of low-temperature space (2) and high-temperature region (3) are 1:1.5-1.7:
0.9-1.1。
The forging method of M2 high-speed steel the most according to claim 4, wherein, described preheating zone
(1) heat is provided by the waste heat of described low-temperature space (2) and high-temperature region (3), described low-temperature space
(2) and being provided with firing equipment in high-temperature region (3), this firing equipment passes through gas heating.
The forging method of M2 high-speed steel the most according to claim 5, wherein, described combustion gas
Pressure is 4KPa-5KPa, and air-fuel ratio is 4:1.
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