CN104488856B - A kind of storage fresh-keeping method of Flos Nelumbinis fairy bamboo - Google Patents
A kind of storage fresh-keeping method of Flos Nelumbinis fairy bamboo Download PDFInfo
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- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(I) nitrate Inorganic materials [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 82
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- ZOOODBUHSVUZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxymethanedithioic acid Chemical compound CCOC(S)=S ZOOODBUHSVUZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000012991 xanthate Substances 0.000 abstract 2
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- 241000543827 Shibataea chinensis Species 0.000 description 1
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- SEOVTRFCIGRIMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indole-3-acetic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CC(=O)O)=CNC2=C1 SEOVTRFCIGRIMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004394 yellowing prevention Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention belongs to flowers storing preservation field, specifically disclose the storage fresh-keeping method of a kind of Flos Nelumbinis fairy bamboo.The present invention uses 100 ~ 400 mg/L AgNO3Processing after Flos Nelumbinis fairy bamboo, Flos Nelumbinis fairy bamboo xanthate ratio after preservation 10 days changes in the range of 0.97 11.08%, and its xanthate ratio compares unused AgNO3Process can significantly reduce, good refreshing effect, convenient storing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of flower storage, transportation and preservation, and particularly relates to a storage, transportation and preservation method of lotus noble bamboo.
Background
The lotus flower-rich and precious bamboo is also called lotus flower bamboo, kwan-yin bamboo (the name: Dracaena sanderiana), agave family Agave genus, which is one of the varieties of the precious bamboo. The lotus noble bamboo is a perennial evergreen ornamental green plant, is originally produced in the western part of Africa, is introduced into the mainland in the beginning of the 80 th in the 20 th century, is planted in large quantities in the early 90 th years, is a main economic crop in coastal areas in the southern China, has tall and elegant stem, unrestrained posture and rich bamboo rhymes, is a good indoor leaf-watching plant, and has the meaning of 'good luck and benefit', 'rich and luck', 'high grade and high grade' in the wind and water, and 'youth resident' and 'good luck'. Therefore, the lotus noble bamboo is popular with many consumers and is also popular in countries such as europe and america. The lotus Fuyun bamboo in Zhanjiang province of Guangdong occupies an important share in China and abroad, according to the data counted by the inspection and quarantine bureau of Zhanjiang province of Guangdong, the first 15 enterprises for producing and operating flowers by mirror planting in Zhanjiang province acquire the registration of the national inspection bureau, the export amount of the Zhanjiang Fuyun bamboo accounts for 50% of the world, and the products are sold in more than 30 countries and regions such as the Nelumbo nucifera, the United states and Japan.
Under the influence of various factors, the leaves of the lotus noble bamboo are easy to yellow in the storage and preservation processes, the loss rate in the export transportation process reaches 30 percent, the ornamental value is greatly reduced after the lotus noble bamboo reaches the destination, and the serious economic loss is brought to manufacturers. The main reasons for the yellowing of the leaves are that the roots of the lotus noble bamboo are damaged after the leaves are harvested, the water absorption capacity from the outside is influenced, the contents of cytokinin and auxin are too low, the contents of abscisic acid and ethylene are too high, the degradation of chlorophyll of protein nucleic acid is accelerated, the ammonia accumulation caused by the consumption of amino acid by respiration action, the ATP deficiency and the like are caused. The yellowing of the lotus noble bamboo leaves has great influence on small enterprises with small production scale and limited production capacity, because the small enterprises do not have the integral refrigeration house assembly and effective yellowing prevention measures like large enterprises.
At present, the storage, transportation and preservation of flowers are mainly carried out by pretreating with Silver Thiosulfate (STS) and then treating in fresh-keeping liquid (sucrose +8-HQS + silver nitrate) to achieve the purposes of preventing plants from aging and losing water and prolonging the service life. However, no better measure for the storage, transportation and preservation of the lotus noble bamboo exists, the yellowing rate of the noble bamboo in the storage and transportation process is high, and the economic loss is huge.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a storage, transportation and preservation method of lotus noble bamboo aiming at the defects of the prior art. The invention only adopts AgNO with a certain concentration3The yellowing rate of the leaves of the lotus noble bamboo can be effectively reduced by treating the lotus noble bamboo, and the fresh-keeping effect is achievedGood fruit and convenient storage and transportation.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
A storage, transportation and preservation method of lotus noble bamboo uses 100-400 mg/L AgNO3Treating the lotus noble bamboo. The invention discovers that a certain concentration of AgNO is used3After treatment, the yellowing rate of the lotus noble bamboo is in the range of 0.97-11.08% after the lotus noble bamboo is stored for 10 days, and the yellowing rate is compared with that of the lotus noble bamboo without AgNO3The processing power can be significantly reduced.
Preferably, the method is that the lotus noble bamboo leaves are not removed, and 200-300 mg/L AgNO is used3And after treatment, storing and transporting.
Preferably, the method is that the lotus noble bamboo leaves are not removed, and 200mg/L AgNO is used3After treatment, ice is added for storage and transportation. More preferably, the ice adding adopts an ice bag, and a gap is arranged between the ice bag and the lotus plumule so as to prevent water seeping out after the ice is defrosted to influence the respiration of plants and start to freeze leaves at excessive low temperature.
Or, as another preferred scheme, the method is that the lotus noble bamboo leaves are not removed, and 300mg/L AgNO is used3After treatment, the product is stored and transported without ice.
Preferably, the method comprises removing 2/3 leaves of the lotus Shibataea chinensis from the lower part, and adding AgNO with concentration of 400mg/L3After treatment, ice is added for storage and transportation.
Preferably, the AgNO3The treatment method is that the leaf surface is sprayed or the whole lotus flower rich and noble bamboo is soaked in the AgNO3In solution.
Preferably, the AgNO3The treatment time was 24 h.
Preferably, the lotus noble bamboo is harvested, packaged and transported instantly, and the soil leaving time is reduced.
The invention discovers that the lotus noble bamboo is not defoliated, and 200mg/L AgNO is used3Can achieve the best guarantee during processing, ice adding, storage and transportationAnd (4) freshness effect. At the moment, the lotus dracaena sanderiana is yellowed only in 8 days, the yellowing rate is only 0.04%, and the yellowing rate is only 0.97% from 10 days, so that the treatment method can achieve a remarkable fresh-keeping effect and is suitable for long-time storage in the actual storage and transportation process.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention only adopts AgNO with a certain concentration3The lotus noble bamboo can effectively reduce the yellowing rate of leaves of the lotus noble bamboo, has good fresh-keeping effect, is convenient to use and is beneficial to storage and transportation. The invention discovers that a certain concentration of AgNO is used3After treatment, the yellowing rate of the lotus noble bamboo is in the range of 0.97-11.08% after the lotus noble bamboo is stored for 10 days, and the yellowing rate is compared with that of the lotus noble bamboo without AgNO3The processing power can be significantly reduced. AgNO3Is an effective ethylene inhibitor, and is also used in storage, transportation and preservation of flowers3But most of the fresh-keeping liquid and other nutrient substances form the fresh-keeping liquid to delay the aging.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a picture of experimental treatment of a lotus Shibata kuaizhu; a is material selection and cleaning before experiment; b is a foam box with the thickness of 2cm used for the experiment; c is the treatment group without ice; d is the iced group.
FIG. 2 is a comparison of the yellowing rates of lotus Shibata in four different treatment modes.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and specific examples, but the examples are not intended to limit the invention in any way. Reagents, methods and apparatus used in the present invention are conventional in the art unless otherwise indicated.
The lotus noble bamboo provided by the embodiment of the invention is provided by Galaxy horticulture, each plant is about 40 cm in height, the number of leaves is about 55, and plants with robust branches and leaves, no plant diseases and insect pests, no yellow leaves and similar sizes are selected for experiments. For the experimental group with 2/3 leaves removed from the bottom, only the top 15 leaves were left; another treatment is not to remove the leaves.
Using AgNO of different concentrations3When the solution is treated, due to AgNO3The solution contained in the bottle was easily decomposed by light, and the bottle was wrapped with black paper. Wrapping the lotus noble bamboo with newspaper after the treatment, respectively placing in foam boxes with ice blocks or ice-free blocks, sealing, changing ice every two days, and observing and recording the percentage of leaf yellowing.
After the lotus noble bamboo is treated, the box is packed and the yellowing area percentage of each leaf is recorded every 2 days, and then the single plant yellowing rate can be obtained. Yellowing rate (%) of a single plant = Σ (percentage of yellowing of a single leaf)/total number of leaves of a single plant. And finally, calculating the average yellowing rate of the whole group.
Examples
1
This example shows the AgNO of the lotus noble bamboo whose leaves 2/3 are removed from the lower part3Storing in ice condition after treatment, and setting AgNO3The concentration of the treatment is 50mg/L, 100mg/L, 200mg/L, 300mg/L, 400mg/L and 500mg/L respectively, and distilled water is used as a reference treatment, the soaking treatment is 24h, and the yellowing rate is recorded in Table 1. As can be seen from Table 1, under ice storage conditions, the lotuses with 2/3 removed leaves began to yellow on day 4 of storage, with 200mg/L and 300mg/LAgNO appearing at the earliest3In the treated experimental groups, the yellow rates are 0.14% and 0.81%, respectively, but the yellow rates are extremely low, which is most probably caused by individual differences, and although the selected materials are basically consistent in the selected growth vigor, the yellow rates caused by the individual differences cannot be avoided. Comparing the yellowing rate of day 10, it can be known that AgNO concentration of 50-400mg/L is used3After treatment, the yellowing rate is lower than 18.28% of that of a control group, so that the series of concentrations have certain inhibition effect on the yellowing of the lotus noble bamboo, and the inhibition effect is increased along with the increase of the concentrations. When using 100-400 mg/L AgNO3After treatment, compared with a control group, the yellowing rate of the composition is reduced by 39.4-47.0 percent, which shows that AgNO3The lotus noble bamboo treatment method has the effect of remarkably reducing the yellowing rate. Wherein, the concentration is 400mg/L AgNO3The most obvious fresh-keeping effect is achieved during treatment, and the yellowing rate is only 9.69%. Using high concentration of 500mg/L AgNO3After 10 days of treatment, the yellowing rate is as high as 20.76%. The yellowing rate of the plant is higher than that of a distilled water control group by 18.28 percent, which shows that the concentration has no inhibiting effect on the yellowing effect and promotes the yellowing of the plant.
TABLE 1 AgNO3Compared with the etiolation rate of the lotus noble bamboo with 2/3 leaves removed by adding ice
Examples
2
This example describes the processing of non-leafed lotus noble bamboo by AgNO3Storing in ice condition after treatment, and setting AgNO3The concentration of the treatment is 50mg/L, 100mg/L, 200mg/L, 300mg/L, 400mg/L and 500mg/L respectively, and distilled water is used as a reference treatment, the soaking treatment is 24h, and the yellowing rate is recorded in Table 2. As shown in Table 2, the control group was 50, 100, and 500mg/L AgNO3The treated groups developed yellowing on day 6 with 200, 300, 400mg/LAgNO3The treatment of (1) appeared to yellow on day 8, but in general with a concentration of 100-400 mg/L AgNO3The yellowing rate of the treated experimental group on day 6 ranged from 0.04 to 0.23%, which was extremely low, indicating that the above concentrations are relatively good in fresh-keeping effect. On day 10, 100-400 mg/L AgNO was used3Compared with the control group, the yellowing rate of the treated experimental group is reduced by 14.2-56.9 percent, which shows that AgNO3The yellowing rate of the lotus noble bamboo is reduced by treating the lotus noble bamboo, and the lotus noble bamboo has a fresh-keeping effect; in particular 200-300 mg/L AgNO3Has the most obvious fresh-keeping effect when being treated, and the yellowing rate of the fresh-keeping agent is only 0.97 to 0.99 percent, wherein when AgNO is used3When the treatment concentration is 200mg/L, the yellowing rate is only 0.97 percent, and the fresh-keeping effect is optimal.
TABLE 2 AgNO3Comparing the yellowing rate of the lotus noble bamboo without leaves with the addition of ice
Examples
3
This example describes the processing of non-leafed lotus noble bamboo by AgNO3Storing under ice-free condition after treatment, and setting AgNO3The concentrations of the treatments were 50mg/L, 100mg/L, 200mg/L, 300mg/L, 400mg/L and 500mg/L, respectively, and the treatment was performed with distilled water as a control, the soaking treatment was performed for 24 hours, and the yellowing rate was recorded in Table 3. As shown in Table 3, 100-400 mg/L AgNO was used on the 10 th day of the experiment3Compared with the control group, the yellowing rate of the treated experimental group is reduced by 30.8-45.5 percent, which shows that AgNO3The lotus noble bamboo treatment method has the effect of remarkably reducing the yellowing rate. Wherein, the concentration is 300mg/L AgNO3The most obvious fresh-keeping effect is achieved during treatment, and the yellowing rate is only 8.47%. Using high concentration of 500mg/L AgNO3The yellowing rate of the treated bamboo is 16.09% higher than that of the control group by 15.54%, which shows that the concentration has no inhibiting effect on the yellowing, but promotes the yellowing of plants, and other concentrations have certain inhibiting effect on the yellowing of the lotus noble bamboo. By comparison with example 2, the lotus precious bamboo is processed by 200mg/L AgNO3The yellowing rate of the treated product in ice storage is 0.97%, and the treated product is subjected to 300mg/L AgNO3The yellowing rate after the treatment under ice-free conditions was 8.47%. Therefore, the yellowing rate of the lotus noble bamboo is far higher in the absence of ice than in the presence of ice. The reason is that the activity of the enzyme for synthesizing the ethylene is reduced due to the existence of the ice, so that the synthesis of the ethylene is reduced, and the storage, transportation and preservation of the lotus noble bamboo are more favorable under the condition of the ice than the condition without the ice.
TABLE 3 AgNO3And do not haveComparison of yellowing rate of ice on lotus noble bamboo without leaves
Comparative example
1
The comparative example shows the AgNO treatment of the lotus noble bamboo with 2/3 leaves removed from the lower part3Storing under ice-free condition after treatment, and setting AgNO3The concentrations of the treatments were 50mg/L, 100mg/L, 200mg/L, 300mg/L, 400mg/L and 500mg/L, respectively, and the treatment was performed with distilled water as a control, the soaking treatment was performed for 24 hours, and the yellowing rate was recorded in Table 4. Comparison of this comparative example with example 1, wherein 2/3 leaves were removed, in the same AgNO3When the concentration is treated, the yellowing rate of the lotus noble bamboo in the absence of ice is far higher than that of the lotus noble bamboo in the presence of ice, and the AgNO is used as the comparative example on the 10 th day3At a concentration of 400mg/L, the yellowing rate reached a minimum of 25.11%, whereas example 1 was only 9.69%, which differs by 15.42%, and the freshness-retaining effect under the treatment conditions of this comparative example was poor. The results show that the addition of ice to the noble lotus bamboo without 2/3 leaves can reduce the yellowing rate of the leaves of the noble lotus bamboo during storage and transportation. Comparison of this comparative example with example 3, storage under ice-free conditions and storage under the same AgNO3When the concentration is treated, the yellowing rate of the lotus noble bamboo after 2/3 leaves are removed is far higher than that under the condition of not removing the leaves, the yellowing rate of the comparative example reaches 25.11 percent at the lowest day 10, the yellowing rate of the example 3 reaches 8.47 percent at the lowest day, the difference is 16.64 percent, and the fresh-keeping effect under the treatment condition of the comparative example is poor. The results show that the yellowing rate of the leaves of the lotus dracaena sanderiana during storage and transportation can be reduced by not removing the leaves under the ice-free storage and transportation conditions.
TABLE 4 AgNO3Compared with the yellowing rate of ice-free lotus noble bamboo with 2/3-removed leaves
The yellowing rates of the lotus noble bamboo of the four experimental groups of the comparative example and the comparative example are shown in FIG. 2. As can be seen from fig. 2, at the end of the experiment (day 10), ice blocks were placed during storage under both ice and ice-free conditions to further facilitate the preservation of the noble lotus bamboos. As a factor of whether the leaves of the lotus noble bamboo are removed, the yellowing rate of the lotus noble bamboo without the leaves is lower than that of the lotus noble bamboo without the leaves of 2/3. Therefore, the experiment group without the removed leaves and with ice has the best fresh-keeping effect, and the experiment group without 2/3 leaves and without ice has the highest yellowing rate, so the experiment group has the worst fresh-keeping effect. The yellowing rates of the two experimental groups of 2/3-removed leaves + with ice and 2/3-removed leaves + without ice are not very different, so that the treatment effects of the two experimental groups are similar. In conclusion, the lotus noble bamboo without leaves and with ice in the actual storage and transportation process is suitable for long-time storage.
Claims (5)
1. The storage, transportation and preservation method of the lotus noble bamboo is characterized in that the lotus noble bamboo is not subjected to leaf removal, and 200-300 mg/L AgNO is used3After treatment, storage and transportation are carried out; or,
the method comprises removing 2/3 leaves of Hedychium petiolatus from the lower part, and adding 400mg/L AgNO3After treatment, ice is added for storage and transportation.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method is removing leaves of Lophatherum gracile with 200mg/L AgNO3After treatment, ice is added for storage and transportation.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method is removing leaves of Lophatherum gracile with 300mg/L AgNO3After treatment, the product is stored and transported without ice.
4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the AgNO is3The treatment mode is that the surface of the leaf is evenly sprayed or the whole lotus flower noble bamboo is soaked in the AgNO3In solution.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the AgNO3The treatment time was 24 h.
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