CN104481708A - Reciprocating piston engine with large expansion ratio - Google Patents

Reciprocating piston engine with large expansion ratio Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104481708A
CN104481708A CN201410657325.7A CN201410657325A CN104481708A CN 104481708 A CN104481708 A CN 104481708A CN 201410657325 A CN201410657325 A CN 201410657325A CN 104481708 A CN104481708 A CN 104481708A
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China
Prior art keywords
engine
expansion ratio
motor
compression ratio
ratio
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CN201410657325.7A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
雷刚
何小华
杨新军
江平
钟杏丽
兰安建
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Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter of CAS
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Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter of CAS
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Priority to CN201410657325.7A priority Critical patent/CN104481708A/en
Publication of CN104481708A publication Critical patent/CN104481708A/en
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Abstract

The invention provides an engine with a large expansion ratio (compression ratio); compared with the expansion ratio (compression ratio) of the present engine, the expansion ratio is doubled or more; e.g., the expansion ratio of a gasoline engine can be improved to about 20 times and that of a diesel engine can be improved to about 40 times. The design of the engine with any expansion ratio is allowable; the theoretical compression ratio of the designed engine fits into the present combustion engineering level by controlling the total mass of gas absorbed in the gas intake process, so that the engine knocking or extremely high maximum explosion pressure is avoided. The engine with any expansion ratio is designed, so that the fuel consumption rate is reduced greatly and the large energy-saving effect is achieved.

Description

A kind of reciprocating engine of super large expansion ratio
Technical field
The present invention proposes a kind of reciprocating engine of super large expansion ratio (compression ratio), can adapt to the level of existing Spark ignition type and compression ignition engine combustion technology, has great benefit to raising engine thermal engine efficiency.
Background technique
The process that engine power exports, the process of its to be the fuel chemical energy entering complete machine be in essence effective output work of bent axle.The size of output power depends on that chemical energy is converted to the power of effective output work, can be improved the size of motor effective output by the total efficiency improving fuel energy conversion.Motor effective efficiency experiences three grades of conversions altogether, namely there are combustion efficiency, thermal efficiency of cycle and mechanical efficiency three conversion efficiencies.In motor actual motion, combustion efficiency is all very high, can be assumed to 100%, improves impact not quite to efficiency.
Improve the effective efficiency that thermal efficiency of cycle can improve complete machine, thermal efficiency of cycle rises with the increase of compression ratio.The size improving compression ratio can promote motor effective output.The method of existing raising engine compression ratio mainly contains grinding cylinder head, increases fixture in firing chamber, changes thinner head gasket, changes the method such as piston or length of connecting rod.These methods are all by making combustion chamber volume diminish, thus improve compression ratio.Spark-ignition engine compression ratio is subject to the restriction of detonation, and compression ignition engine compression ratio is subject to the restriction of maximum outbreak pressure, and this makes the raising of engine compression ratio be restricted.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is: the reciprocating engine designing a kind of super large expansion ratio.By controlling the gas gross mass sucked in intake stroke, enabling designed motor ideal theoretical compression ratio adapt to existing combustion technology level, avoiding motor to produce pinking or the too high phenomenon of maximum outbreak pressure.The present invention, by the motor of any large expansion ratio of design, greatly reduces fuel consumption rate, reaches significantly energy-saving effect.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides following technological scheme:
Improve a method for engine efficiency, the gas gross mass sucked in its control piston formula engine induction stroke, make air inlet degree of vacuum at the end be p 1, unit is bar (1bar=0.1MPa), described p 1for:
(1) determine the ideal theoretical compression ratio ε of described motor, this ideal theoretical compression ratio ε to reflect when suction pressure is 1 standard atmospheric pressure gas by the degree compressed, and now can not cause pinking or the excessive situation of maximum outbreak pressure;
(2) expansion ratio (i.e. compression ratio) ε of designed engines e, the value of super large can be selected arbitrarily according to energy saving requirement;
(3) according to described ideal theoretical compression ratio ε and expansion ratio ε ecalculate air inlet degree of vacuum p at the end 1, namely p 1 = ϵ ϵ e .
According to the present invention, realized by following manner (A): close intake valve in advance, thus reduce the gas gross mass that sucks, when making intake stroke terminal, in cylinder, there is required degree of vacuum p 1.
According to the present invention, realized: in air inlet system, arrange a negative pressure device by following manner (B), controlling air inlet degree of vacuum at the end by this negative pressure device is p 1.
According to the present invention, described negative pressure device is a vacuum regulating valve.
According to the present invention, described ε ebe greater than the conventional expansion ratio (i.e. compression ratio) of known engine.Such as, described ε edouble or more than the conventional expansion ratio (i.e. compression ratio) of known engine.
According to the present invention, be the above-mentioned motor of fuel for gasoline, described ε ebe greater than 10.Preferred described ε ebe more than or equal to 15.More preferably described ε ebe more than or equal to 20.
According to the present invention, be the above-mentioned motor of fuel for diesel oil, described ε ebe greater than 20.Preferred described ε ebe more than or equal to 30.More preferably described ε ebe more than or equal to 40.
The present invention also provides following technological scheme:
Improve a method for engine efficiency, it is by the time of late release exhaust valve, and the gas gross mass sucked in control piston formula engine induction stroke is to improve the efficiency of described motor.
According to the present invention, in said method, best in conjunction with two stroke operation pattern, because the time of being closed by delayed exhaust door, the fresh air that a part sucks can be discharged, fully can discharge the waste gas in cylinder, due to designed ε edouble or more than the conventional expansion ratio (i.e. compression ratio) of known engine, burning can be made still to keep normal state, can combustion efficiency be improved on the one hand, can thermal efficiency of cycle be improved on the one hand in addition, greatly can improve the performance of motor.
The present invention also provides following technological scheme:
A reciprocating engine for super large expansion ratio, arranges a negative pressure device in air inlet system, and controlling air inlet degree of vacuum at the end by this negative pressure device is p 1, described in wherein, ε is the ideal theoretical compression ratio of motor, ε efor the expansion ratio (i.e. compression ratio) of described motor.
According to the present invention, described motor, when not changing available engine intake and exhaust mechanism, arranges a negative pressure device in air inlet system.
According to the present invention, described ε ebe greater than the conventional expansion ratio (i.e. compression ratio) of known engine.Such as, described ε edouble or more than the conventional expansion ratio (i.e. compression ratio) of known engine.
According to the present invention, be the above-mentioned motor of fuel for gasoline, described ε ebe greater than 10.Preferred described ε ebe more than or equal to 15.More preferably described ε ebe more than or equal to 20.
According to the present invention, be the above-mentioned motor of fuel for diesel oil, described ε ebe greater than 20.Preferred described ε ebe more than or equal to 30.More preferably described ε ebe more than or equal to 40.
According to the present invention, described motor is a kind of conventional engine of super large expansion ratio.Preferably, described motor is Spark ignition type and the compression ignition engine of super large expansion ratio, also can be the reciprocating engine part in hybrid power engine.
According to the present invention, described motor is used for various stroke piston combustion engine.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
Available engine improves engine performance by the method improving compression ratio, by improving engine compression ratio merely, is subject to the restriction of pinking or maximum outbreak pressure.The present invention designs a kind of motor of super large expansion ratio, by controlling the gas gross mass sucked in intake stroke, makes designed ideal theoretical compression ratio still can adapt to existing combustion technology level; Large expansion ratio arbitrarily can be designed, make engine thermal efficiency obtain great utilization, reach good energy-saving effect.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the petrol engine working principle sketch of super large expansion ratio of the present invention
1, air-strainer; 2, vacuum regulating valve; 3, fuel tank; 4, intake valve; 5, spark plug; 6, exhaust valve; 7, Carburetor; 8, cylinder; 9, piston
Fig. 2 is the partial schematic diagram of the petrol engine of super large expansion ratio of the present invention
Fig. 3 is the diesel engine working principle sketch of super large expansion ratio of the present invention
10, fuel tank; 11, oil and water seperator; 12, oil transfer pump; 13, diesel-oil filter; 14, vacuum regulating valve; 15, intake valve; 16, oil sprayer; 17, exhaust valve; 18, cylinder; 19, piston
Fig. 4 is the partial schematic diagram of super large expansion ratio diesel engine of the present invention
Fig. 5 waits the thermal efficiency η holding heating theoretical circulation twith the curve that compression ratio ε changes
Embodiment
As mentioned above, method of the present invention is: the motor for certain burning level exists a kind of ideal theoretical compression ratio ε, to reflect when suction pressure is 1 standard atmospheric pressure gas by the degree compressed, now can not cause pinking or the excessive situation of maximum outbreak pressure.The expansion ratio of designed engines and compression ratio ε etime, the value of super large is selected arbitrarily according to energy saving requirement, then according to the ideal theoretical compression ratio ε of the motor of existing burning level and expansion ratio ε ecalculate air inlet degree of vacuum p at the end 1, namely degree of vacuum realizes by the gas gross mass controlling to suck in intake stroke.
Feature of the present invention is: this invention devises the motor of super large expansion ratio.By controlling the gas gross mass sucked in intake stroke, make the ideal theoretical compression ratio of this motor can adapt to available engine combustion technology level, namely after burning, harm is not produced to motor, well avoid motor and produce pinking or the too high situation of maximum outbreak pressure.The raising of this engine expansion ratio is no longer restricted, and considerably reduces engine fuel consumption rate, and this makes high efficiency motor be developed and use.
Use the motor of the super large expansion ratio of the present invention's design, extremely excellent effect can be obtained.As: 1) compared with existing petrol engine, the petrol engine that design expansion ratio (compression ratio) doubles.Utilize the method for the gas gross mass sucked in three kinds of reduction intake strokes mentioned above, control the gas gross mass sucked in intake stroke, make the ideal theoretical compression ratio of this motor can adapt to existing petrol engine combustion technical merit.After working medium is compressed in cylinder, compression working medium state is at the end safe from harm to motor after burning, and now because expansion ratio is doubled, gasoline engine fuel consumption rate reduces 25%-30%; 2) compared with existing diesel engine of the same type, expansion ratio (compression ratio) doubles, and use the super large expansion ratio diesel engine of the method design, fuel consumption rate can reduce about 15%-20%; 3) other fuel super large expansion ratio conventional engine utilizing the method to design, efficiency also can obviously be promoted.
The present invention is applicable to various stroke piston combustion engine, for the motor of fuel and the motor of fuel combination such as gasoline, diesel oil, rock gas, methyl alcohol, ethanol, biodiesel of super large expansion ratio, also can be used for the reciprocating engine part in hybrid power engine, the lifting of its effect is inestimable especially.
Set forth the present invention further below by embodiment, object is only to understand content of the present invention better.Therefore, the cited case does not limit the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1
For Pressure for Two-Stroke Gasoline Engine.The ideal theoretical compression ratio of certain Pressure for Two-Stroke Gasoline Engine is ε=9, designs large expansion ratio (i.e. compression ratio) motor of being on close level that burns with it, sets up following mathematical model:
Design expansion ratio is ε ethe Pressure for Two-Stroke Gasoline Engine of=20, the time of being closed by delayed exhaust door, discharges the fresh air that a part sucks, and discharges the waste gas in cylinder simultaneously fully, makes burning keep normal state, waits from Fig. 5 the thermal efficiency η holding heating theoretical circulation tknown with compression ratio ε change curve, when isentropic exponent κ=1.20, the thermal efficiency corresponding during ideal theoretical compression ratio ε=9 is η t=35.6%, expansion ratio is ε ethe thermal efficiency corresponding when=20 is η t=45%, now theoretical energy-conservation 45 - 35.6 35.6 × 100 % ≈ 26 % .
Embodiment 2
For Single Cylinder Gasoline Engine.The ideal theoretical compression ratio of certain Single Cylinder Gasoline Engine is ε=9, designs large expansion ratio (i.e. compression ratio) motor of being on close level that burns with it, sets up following mathematical model:
Design expansion ratio is ε ethe Single Cylinder Gasoline Engine of=20, air inlet end of a period pressure controls by closing intake valve in advance, and in order to make burning keep normal state, the vacuum degree control that now air inlet ends exists
p 1 = ϵ ϵ e = 9 20 = 0.45 bar
Can realize.From the thermal efficiency η waiting appearance heating theoretical circulation of Fig. 5 tknown with compression ratio ε change curve, when isentropic exponent κ=1.20, the thermal efficiency corresponding during ideal theoretical compression ratio ε=9 is η t=35.6%, expansion ratio is ε ethe thermal efficiency corresponding when=20 is η t=45%, now theoretical energy-conservation 45 - 35.6 35.6 × 100 % ≈ 26 % .
Embodiment 3
For single cylinder diesel.If certain boosting type diesel engine ideal theoretical compression ratio is ε=35, designs the single cylinder diesel (as shown in Figures 3 and 4) of being on close level that burns with it, set up following mathematical model:
Design natural aspirated diesel engine according to the present invention, design expansion ratio is ε ethe single cylinder diesel of=40, air inlet end of a period pressure is controlled by vacuum regulating valve, and in order to make burning keep normal state, the vacuum degree control that now air inlet ends exists
p 1 = ϵ ϵ e = 35 40 = 0.875 bar
Can realize.From the thermal efficiency η waiting appearance heating theoretical circulation of Fig. 5 tknown with compression ratio ε change curve, when isentropic exponent κ=1.20, thermal efficiency η corresponding during ideal theoretical compression ratio ε=17.5 t=44%, expansion ratio is ε ethe thermal efficiency corresponding when=40 is η t=52%, now theoretical energy-conservation 52 - 44 44 × 100 % ≈ 18 % .
When getting different isentropic exponent value, the energy-saving effect reached is different, according to theory of the present invention and method, can design the motor of any super large expansion ratio to different energy saving requirement.
Embodiment 4
For Single Cylinder Gasoline Engine.The ideal theoretical compression ratio of certain Single Cylinder Gasoline Engine is ε=9, designs large expansion ratio (i.e. compression ratio) motor (as illustrated in fig. 1 and 2) of being on close level that burns with it, sets up following mathematical model:
Design expansion ratio is ε ethe Single Cylinder Gasoline Engine of=20, air inlet end of a period pressure is controlled by vacuum regulating valve, and in order to make burning keep normal state, the vacuum degree control that now air inlet ends exists
p 1 = ϵ ϵ e = 9 20 = 0.45 bar
Can realize.From the thermal efficiency η waiting appearance heating theoretical circulation of Fig. 5 tknown with compression ratio ε change curve, when isentropic exponent κ=1.20, the thermal efficiency corresponding during ideal theoretical compression ratio ε=9 is η t=35.6%, expansion ratio is ε ethe thermal efficiency corresponding when=20 is η t=45%, now theoretical energy-conservation 45 - 35.6 35.6 × 100 % ≈ 26 % .

Claims (10)

1. improve a method for engine efficiency, it is characterized in that, by the gas gross mass sucked in control piston formula engine induction stroke, make air inlet degree of vacuum at the end be p 1, unit is bar (1bar=0.1MPa), described p 1for:
(1) determine the ideal theoretical compression ratio ε of described motor, this ideal theoretical compression ratio ε to reflect when suction pressure is 1 standard atmospheric pressure gas by the degree compressed, and now can not cause pinking or the excessive situation of maximum outbreak pressure;
(2) expansion ratio (i.e. compression ratio) ε of designed engines e, the value of super large can be selected arbitrarily according to energy saving requirement;
(3) according to described ideal theoretical compression ratio ε and expansion ratio ε ecalculate air inlet degree of vacuum p at the end 1, namely p 1 = ϵ ϵ e .
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, is realized by the one in following two kinds of modes:
Mode (A): close intake valve in advance, thus reduce the gas gross mass that sucks, in cylinder, there is required degree of vacuum p when making intake stroke terminal 1;
Mode (B): arrange a negative pressure device in air inlet system, controlling air inlet degree of vacuum at the end by this negative pressure device is p 1.
3. method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described negative pressure device is a vacuum regulating valve.
4. according to the method in any one of claims 1 to 3, it is characterized in that, described ε ebe greater than the conventional expansion ratio (i.e. compression ratio) of known engine.
Preferably, described ε edouble or more than the conventional expansion ratio (i.e. compression ratio) of known engine.
Preferably, be the above-mentioned motor of fuel for gasoline, described ε ebe greater than 10.Preferred described ε ebe more than or equal to 15.More preferably described ε ebe more than or equal to 20.
Preferably, be the above-mentioned motor of fuel for diesel oil, described ε ebe greater than 20.Preferred described ε ebe more than or equal to 30.More preferably described ε ebe more than or equal to 40.
5. improve a method for engine efficiency, it is by the time of late release exhaust valve, and the gas gross mass sucked in control piston formula engine induction stroke is to improve the efficiency of described motor.
Preferably, in said method, best in conjunction with two stroke operation pattern, because the time of being closed by delayed exhaust door, the fresh air that a part sucks can be discharged, fully can discharge the waste gas in cylinder, due to designed ε edouble or more than the conventional expansion ratio (i.e. compression ratio) of known engine, burning can be made still to keep normal state, can combustion efficiency be improved on the one hand, can thermal efficiency of cycle be improved on the one hand in addition, greatly can improve the performance of motor.
6. a reciprocating engine for super large expansion ratio, is characterized in that, arranges a negative pressure device in air inlet system, and controlling air inlet degree of vacuum at the end by this negative pressure device is p 1, described in wherein, ε is the ideal theoretical compression ratio of motor, ε efor the expansion ratio (i.e. compression ratio) of described motor.
7. reciprocating engine according to claim 6, is characterized in that, described motor, when not changing available engine intake and exhaust mechanism, arranges a negative pressure device in air inlet system.
8. the reciprocating engine according to claim 6 or 7, is characterized in that, described ε ebe greater than the conventional expansion ratio (i.e. compression ratio) of known engine.Such as, described ε edouble or more than the conventional expansion ratio (i.e. compression ratio) of known engine.
Preferably, be the above-mentioned motor of fuel for gasoline, described ε ebe greater than 10.Preferred described ε ebe more than or equal to 15.More preferably described ε ebe more than or equal to 20.
Preferably, be the above-mentioned motor of fuel for diesel oil, described ε ebe greater than 20.Preferred described ε ebe more than or equal to 30.More preferably described ε ebe more than or equal to 40.
9. the reciprocating engine according to any one of claim 6 to 8, is characterized in that, described motor is a kind of conventional engine of super large expansion ratio.Preferably, described motor is Spark ignition type and the compression ignition engine of super large expansion ratio, also can be the reciprocating engine part in hybrid power engine.Preferably, described motor is the motor of fuel and the motor of fuel combination such as gasoline, diesel oil, rock gas, methyl alcohol, ethanol, biodiesel of super large expansion ratio.
10. the application of the reciprocating engine according to any one of claim 6 to 9, is characterized in that, described motor is used for various stroke piston combustion engine.
CN201410657325.7A 2014-11-18 2014-11-18 Reciprocating piston engine with large expansion ratio Pending CN104481708A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106150730A (en) * 2015-05-11 2016-11-23 福特环球技术公司 For the method detecting the leakage in inlet manifold

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101498246A (en) * 2009-03-03 2009-08-05 周同庆 Pressure reducing air inlet high compression ratio internal-combustion engines
CN201687614U (en) * 2010-06-03 2010-12-29 孟庆民 Gasoline engine
JP4678164B2 (en) * 2004-09-30 2011-04-27 マツダ株式会社 4-cycle engine
CN202250388U (en) * 2010-11-07 2012-05-30 孟庆民 Four-stroke petrol engine
CN202381170U (en) * 2011-12-30 2012-08-15 东北石油大学 Simple modified high-efficient piston engine
CN103670668A (en) * 2012-09-10 2014-03-26 孟庆民 Two-stroke high-expansion-ratio gasoline engine

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4678164B2 (en) * 2004-09-30 2011-04-27 マツダ株式会社 4-cycle engine
CN101498246A (en) * 2009-03-03 2009-08-05 周同庆 Pressure reducing air inlet high compression ratio internal-combustion engines
CN201687614U (en) * 2010-06-03 2010-12-29 孟庆民 Gasoline engine
CN202250388U (en) * 2010-11-07 2012-05-30 孟庆民 Four-stroke petrol engine
CN202381170U (en) * 2011-12-30 2012-08-15 东北石油大学 Simple modified high-efficient piston engine
CN103670668A (en) * 2012-09-10 2014-03-26 孟庆民 Two-stroke high-expansion-ratio gasoline engine

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106150730A (en) * 2015-05-11 2016-11-23 福特环球技术公司 For the method detecting the leakage in inlet manifold

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Application publication date: 20150401