CN104476398B - NC horizontal spindle surface grinding machine abrasion of grinding wheel dynamic compensation method - Google Patents
NC horizontal spindle surface grinding machine abrasion of grinding wheel dynamic compensation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104476398B CN104476398B CN201410614535.8A CN201410614535A CN104476398B CN 104476398 B CN104476398 B CN 104476398B CN 201410614535 A CN201410614535 A CN 201410614535A CN 104476398 B CN104476398 B CN 104476398B
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- grinding wheel
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
- B24B49/18—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation taking regard of the presence of dressing tools
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B47/00—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor
- B24B47/25—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor for compensating grinding wheel abrasion resulting from dressing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Grinding Of Cylindrical And Plane Surfaces (AREA)
- Constituent Portions Of Griding Lathes, Driving, Sensing And Control (AREA)
Abstract
NC horizontal spindle surface grinding machine abrasion of grinding wheel dynamic compensation method, is related to numerical control machine tool technique field, and in particular to NC horizontal spindle surface grinding machine abrasion of grinding wheel dynamic compensation technology.The present invention calculates the wear extent of grinding wheel, realizes that NC horizontal spindle surface grinding machine abrasion of grinding wheel dynamic compensates indirectly by measuring active power of main shaft (bistrique) motor for grinding.The invention also provides a kind of computational methods for realizing NC horizontal spindle surface grinding machine abrasion of grinding wheel dynamic compensation.The advantages of grinding wheel dynamic compensation method of the present invention：1) it is not influenced by workpiece shapes etc., without limitation.2) digital control system need to only newly increase spindle motor active power transmitter and Digital Transmission device, and newly-increased hardware cost is seldom.3) processing efficiency of digital control plain surface grinding machine can be greatly improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to numerical control machine tool technique field, in particular to NC horizontal spindle surface grinding machine abrasion of grinding wheel dynamic compensates
Technology.
Background technology
Grinding wheel radius can become smaller the grinding wheel of horizontal axis surface grinding machine gradually in process, and caused error becomes larger gradually.
When removing amount is larger, (a criticizing) workpiece does not process, and the error that grinding wheel radius abrasion generates is considerably beyond workpiece franchise.
Not only height is unqualified for the part of grinding out, and flatness is also unqualified, the low arc shape in intermediate high both sides often occurs.Reality
In (manual grinding machine and the numerically control grinder without abrasion of grinding wheel dynamic compensation function) method for solving the problems, such as this be using being much smaller than
The step feed amount of 1/2 grinding wheel width is ground using the cylindrical surface close to grinding wheel both sides, keeps position abrasion among grinding wheel
It is few, control workpiece size using position among grinding wheel.Wheel grinding face becomes dolioform by cylinder gradually.When grinding wheel becomes
After dolioform at this moment intermediate position also can need to just modify a grinding wheel compared with quick-wearing, and wheel grinding face is made to become cylindrical surface.Very
Apparent this processing method can greatly increase grinding reciprocal time, reduce processing efficiency, can also trim many grinding wheels in vain.
NC horizontal spindle surface grinding machine Y-axis controls grinding wheel bite.General Y-axis processing program coordinate value
YJourney=YMachine+YMachine zero-RSand
In formula：
YJourneyFor Y-axis processing program coordinate value
YMachineFor Y-axis mechanical coordinate value
YMachine zeroFor Y-axis mechanical zero coordinate value
RSandFor grinding wheel radius nominal value
Y-axis processing program coordinate actual value
YCheng Shi=YMachine+YMachine zero-RSand is real
In formula：
YCheng ShiFor Y-axis processing program coordinate actual value
YMachineFor Y-axis mechanical coordinate value
YMachine zeroFor Y-axis mechanical zero coordinate value
RSand is realFor grinding wheel radius actual value
YJourneyAnd YCheng ShiRelationship can be expressed as
ΔYR=YJourney-YCheng Shi
ΔYRIt is the error amount because of abrasion of grinding wheel Y-axis program coordinate value and program coordinate actual value.
RSandAnd RSandReal relation can be expressed as
Δ R=RSand-RSand is real
Δ R is the error amount because wearing grinding wheel radius nominal value and grinding wheel radius actual value.
So
YJourney=(YMachine+ΔYR)+YMachine zero-(RSand-ΔR)
Obviously
ΔYR=-Δ R
So
YJourney=(YMachine-ΔR)+YMachine zero-(RSand-ΔR)
After grinding wheel is worn, program coordinate value Y is keptJourneyIt is constant, and program coordinate actual value YCheng ShiIt is consistent therewith,
Abrasion of grinding wheel amount can be subtracted with former grinding wheel radius, while Y-axis mechanical coordinate is moved with the wear extent negative sense of grinding wheel.
Abrasion of grinding wheel dynamic compensation has two class methods.One kind is to measure radius value (the i.e. grinding wheel radius nominal value R of grinding wheel
Sand) or radius wear extent (i.e. Δ R), input the grinding wheel radius value newly measured replace last time grinding wheel radius value or with last time grinding wheel partly
Diameter value subtracts radius wear extent (Δ R) modification grinding wheel radius value, and it is the Y-axis that negative increment corrects grinding wheel that grinding wheel radius wear extent, which is used in combination,
Mechanical coordinates.Another kind of is to measure workpieces processing size (i.e. Y-axis processing program coordinate actual value YCheng Shi) or workpiece error
(i.e. Δ YR), error (the Δ Y of workpiece is added with last time grinding wheel radius valueR) modification grinding wheel radius parameter, it is increasing that workpiece error, which is used in combination,
Amount corrects the Y-axis mechanical coordinates of grinding wheel.
The dynamic realtime is wanted to correct grinding wheel radius parameter and position, static measurement is clearly inefficient, not no practical value.
The characteristics of due to grinding wheel itself and rotation status, process medium plain emery wheel surface cannot provide clean, safe and reliable measurement
Point, whether the way of contact or non-contact mode measuring grinding wheel radius are all difficult.Due to the reciprocating processing side of surface grinding machine
Formula, workpiece scrambling, a large amount of abrasive dust and grinding fluid, in process workpiece surface cannot provide it is continuous, clean, begin
Eventually in measurement point after grinding, dynamic measures workpiece and is difficult.So existing dynamic process self-operated measuring unit is in universal numerical control
The application of horizontal axis surface grinding machine is seldom.It can not achieve abrasion of grinding wheel dynamic to compensate, just reduce the processing efficiency of digital control plain surface grinding machine
And benefit, the advantage of Numeric Control Technology cannot be given full play to.
Invention content
Grinding wheel dynamic compensation method principle of the present invention is：Grinding wheel itself is consumed simultaneously when wheel grinding workpiece,
Under the same conditions, the ratio of removing amount and grinding wheel consumption is constant, and the ratio of removing amount and energy consumption is also constant.Grinding wheel consumption
It is proportional with energy consumption.The wear extent of grinding wheel radius can be calculated indirectly by calculating energy consumption, can be achieved with abrasion of grinding wheel benefit
It repays.
Abrasion of grinding wheel dynamic compensation method of the present invention：A main shaft (mill is just measured every the unit interval (very little)
Head) motor current active power value, grinding wheel radius wear extent is calculated according to the following formula, with grinding wheel radius wear extent to grinding wheel radius
Parameter is modified, while adjusting Y-axis mechanical coordinate value Y with grinding wheel radius wear extentMachine, processing program coordinate values is made to keep not
Become, and keeps processing program coordinate actual value consistent therewith.
1) grinding wheel radius wear extent formula is calculated
ΔRn=k* ∑s Mni/Rn-1 (1)
N=1,2,3......,
I=1 when i=1,2,3......, n change,
In formula：
N is the period serial number for implementing compensation, when the cumulative attrition amount that compensation is not carried out is more than or equal to Y-axis minimum amount of feeding Δ
VminWhen just implement single compensation,
I is that spindle motor power consumption P is measured in a compensation cycleniSerial number,
K is the grinding wheel radius coefficient of waste,
Rn-1For the grinding wheel radius value after the (n-1)th Periodic Compensation,
Rn-1=Rn-2-δRn-1
In formula：
δRn-1The grinding wheel radius compensation rate being had been carried out for (n-1)th time
The oeprator of downward rounding
ΔVmin＞ 0
ΔVminFor the minimum amount of feeding of lathe Y-axis
Sn-2It cannot implement the surplus of compensation completely for the n-th -2 period,
Sn-2=Δ Rn-2+Sn-3-δRn-2
MniThe active power for detecting the spindle motor for grinding for n-th i times,
Mni=(Pni-P0) Pni＞ P0
Mni=0 Pni≤P0
PniThe spindle motor active power value measured for n-th i times,
P0Active power value is surveyed for spindle motor zero load；
Abrasion of grinding wheel coefficient k is the parameter that user is arranged by actual conditions.Coefficient k and grinding machine spindle motor speed, power,
The measurement accuracy of digital control system, interval time, and grinding wheel model, the trade mark, lot number, width and workpiece material, shape, with feeding
Amount, bite, grinding speed wait many factors related.So the variation range of coefficient k is wider.It is clear that grinding wheel thickness
It is proportional with the power consumption of unit wear extent, for convenience of operating, Ke Yiling
K=S/A (2)
A is grinding wheel thickness, is lathe customer parameter, user can be set by grinding wheel specification, but non-programmable setting.S is to use
Family programmable parameter, with process reform.
For the variation range of specification programmable parameter, can also further enable：
S=K*B (3)
B is lathe customer parameter, and user can be set by lathe actual state, and K is user-programmable parameter, design numerical control system
Provide that it sets in a certain range when system, such as 0-1000.
When coefficient k is zero, abrasion of grinding wheel compensation is zero.As the state of not compensation function.
2) the n-th period grinding wheel radius dynamic compensation increment δ Rn is calculated
In formula：
Sn-1It cannot implement the surplus of compensation completely for the (n-1)th period
ΔVminFor the minimum amount of feeding of lathe Y-axis；
3) as shown in Figure 1, digital control system includes at least master controller 3, include the servo electricity of control Y-axis digital servo positioning
Machine 7 and servo-driver 6, including measuring the transmitter 1 of main shaft (bistrique) motor active power and active power being converted to number
Word signal is input to the analog-to-digital conversion equipment 2 of master controller.
4) as shown in Figure 1, being equipped with work(power transducer 1, real-time measurement motor on 5 current supply circuit 4 of main shaft (bistrique) motor
Active power, the master controller 3 of digital control system is sent to by analog-to-digital conversion.
5) master controller accumulation measures the active power of main shaft (bistrique) motor every time, and grinding wheel mill is calculated by above-mentioned formula
Damage dynamic compensation increment δ Rn.As δ RnWhen value is more than or equal to the Y-axis minimum amount of feeding, it is issued by instruction control Y-axis digital servo positioning
Servo-driver and servo motor execute the Y-axis mechanical coordinates for correcting main shaft, while changing grinding wheel radius parameter and make Y-axis
Program coordinate value is constant.The remainder of the temporary deficiency Y-axis minimum amount of feeding empties the accumulative of active power for calculating next time
Number is accumulated since new, prepares to calculate next time and compensation.
Compensation of grinding wheel method benefit of the present invention：
1) it is not influenced by workpiece shapes etc., without limitation.
2) digital control system need to only newly increase spindle motor active power transmitter and Digital Transmission device, newly-increased hardware
Cost is seldom.
3) processing efficiency of digital control plain surface grinding machine can be greatly improved.
The shortcoming and solution of the present invention.
1. coefficient k is needed with adjustment such as processing technology, grinding wheel material, workpiece materials.Solution：It is grasped by digital control system
Make method design, after being processed using examination, static measurement error, error originated from input amount allows system to calculate simultaneously correction factor k automatically, can
To simplify coefficient k computational problem.Coefficient k is designed to programmable parameter, is set in user program, processes to usual specification, one
Kind workpiece can be specified using certain grinding wheel, and such processing object (material, shape), grinding wheel performance, technique various factors can unite
One suffers in user program.After user program is debugged, next time reprocesses this part, as long as the grinding wheel of selection matching and user
Program can, easily.
It, can accumulated error 2. compensation method itself cannot provide coordinate parameters or grinding wheel radius parameter.Solution：It is logical
It crosses and modifies grinding wheel in due course to provide accurate grinding wheel parameter, eliminate accumulated error, ensure machining accuracy.
Description of the drawings
Attached drawing 1 is the hardware block diagram of NC horizontal spindle surface grinding machine abrasion of grinding wheel dynamic compensation function
Connotation is marked in attached drawing 1：
1 --- the transmitter of active power
2 --- analog-to-digital conversion transmission equipment
3 --- digital control system master controller
4 --- spindle motor current supply circuit
5 --- spindle motor
6 --- Y-axis servo-driver
7 --- servo motor
8 --- grinding wheel
9 --- workpiece
10 --- leading screw
11 --- feed screw nut
12 --- main shaft
Specific implementation mode
The content of present invention is described further with one embodiment below.
A kind of common numerical control surface grinding machine with horizontal spindle and rectangular table, grinding wheel perpendicular displacement axes are Y-axis, and Y-axis is by servo motor 7 through slowing down
Device controls ball screw 10 and rotates, and is moved down on ball screw driving feed screw nut 11 and the grinding wheel supporting device being connect with nut
It is dynamic；Workbench transverse shifting axis is Z axis, and for Z axis by servo motor through retarder control ball screw rotation, ball screw drives silk
Stem nut and the slide movement being connect with nut, slide supporting table move laterally；It is X-axis, X that workbench, which vertically moves axis,
Axis pushes the workbench on slide to vertically move by the push rod of hydraulic cylinder；Main shaft (bistrique) motor is the asynchronous electricity of fixed speed
Machine 5 is connect with main shaft 12, and grinding wheel 8 is fixed on main shaft 12；With the master control of touch screen and PLC the surface grinding machine digital control system formed
Device 3 processed；Coolant liquid is provided by the liquid pump of Induction Motor-Driven；Workpiece 9 is fixed on the table, can adsorb (iron by magnechuck
Matter workpiece), it can be also clamped by mechanical frock.
Increase with lower part on the basis of above-mentioned common numerical control surface grinding machine with horizontal spindle and rectangular table：A mould is extended on PLC
Number conversion module 2, concatenates active power transducer 1, the 0- of active power transmitter 1 on the current supply circuit 4 of asynchronous machine 5
10V voltage signals are sent to analog-to-digital conversion module 2, and the PLC of master controller 3 can directly read active in analog-to-digital conversion module 2
The digital signal (14Bit=16383) of the 0-10V of power transducer 1.
If its Specifications are：The minimum step of Y-axis is 1 μm, 1 μm of grinding wheel radius unit, grinding wheel width unit 1
μm, the power of asynchronous machine 5 is 18kW, and it is 0-100kW, grinding machine X-axis that the 0-10V of active power transmitter 1, which corresponds to active power,
Maximum grinding speed be 20M/min, can identify power signal to ensure to be ground 5mm machining long workpieces, read active power letter
Number interval time take 10mS.Programmable coefficients setting range is 0-1000.The method of design factor k, S, K and B are as follows：
If grinding wheel width is 40mm, when grinding wheel radius is 180mm, when grinding wheel radius wears 12 μm, accumulation is for grinding
The performance number for cutting a certain workpiece is 36000W.It is obtained according to formula (1)
12 μm=k*36000W/180000 μm
K=60
It is obtained according to formula (2)
60=S/40000 μm
S=2400000
According to formula (3)
2400000=K*B
Assuming that above-mentioned abrasion and energy consumption ratio maximum likelihood are its 2 times, you can it is 500 to take K, so
B=2400000/500
B=4800
If Design of Computerized Numerical Control System is determined as coefficient k by grinding wheel thickness A, lathe customer parameter B and user-programmable parameter K
It is fixed, then, at this moment to set lathe parameter：Grinding wheel thickness parameter A is 40.000mm, and lathe customer parameter B is 4800, and processing should
The user-programmable parameter K of workpiece is 500.Parameter K further adjusts amendment according to the error generated in real work so that adds
Work error is within franchise.If K parameter is adjusted to 1000, error cannot be still eliminated, so that it may appropriate to increase parameter B.If K joins
Number wants very little (300 or less) that could eliminate error, so that it may appropriate to reduce parameter B so that K parameter adjusts between 300-1000 can be full
Foot requires.
Claims (1)
1. NC horizontal spindle surface grinding machine abrasion of grinding wheel dynamic compensation method, it is characterized in that：
1) active-power P of an entering spindle motor is just measured every the unit intervalni, work as Pni＜ P0When, take Pni=P0；
2) the n-th period grinding wheel radius wear extent Δ R is calculated according to following equationn
ΔRn=K*B/A* ∑s (Pni-P0)/Rn-1
N=1,2,3......,
I=1 when i=1,2,3......, n change,
In formula：
N is the period serial number for implementing compensation, when the cumulative attrition amount that compensation is not carried out is more than or equal to Y-axis minimum amount of feeding Δ Vmin
When just implement single compensation,
I is the active-power P that spindle motor is measured in a compensation cycleniSerial number,
K is user-programmable parameter,
Rn-1For the grinding wheel radius value after the (n-1)th Periodic Compensation,
B is lathe customer parameter, and A is grinding wheel thickness, P0For spindle motor zero load active power；
3) the n-th period grinding wheel radius dynamic compensation value δ R is calculatedn
In formula：
Sn-1It cannot implement the surplus of compensation completely for the (n-1)th period
ΔVminFor the minimum amount of feeding of lathe Y-axis；
4) grinding wheel radius dynamic compensation value δ R are usednGrinding wheel radius parameter, the grinding wheel radius R after the n-th Periodic Compensation are corrected immediatelynRn
=Rn-1-δRn；
5) Y-axis, levelling grinding wheel position are driven by increment negative sense of grinding wheel radius dynamic compensation value δ Rn.
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| CN201410614535.8A CN104476398B (en) | 2014-11-04 | 2014-11-04 | NC horizontal spindle surface grinding machine abrasion of grinding wheel dynamic compensation method |
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| CN105598783B (en) * | 2016-03-02 | 2018-10-02 | 郑州旭飞光电科技有限公司 | Grinder abrasive wheel abrasion correction control method, device, system |
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| CN114290127B (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2023-05-12 | 科德数控股份有限公司 | Grinding wheel dressing and grinding wheel replacement method |
| CN114536110B (en) * | 2022-03-03 | 2023-03-24 | 华辰精密装备（昆山）股份有限公司 | Error real-time compensation method for non-circular component complex contour grinding |
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