A kind of catalyst for preparing Guerbet alcohol and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to chemical field, more particularly to a kind of catalyst and preparation method for preparing Guerbet alcohol.
Background technology
Guerbet alcohol is, through aldol condensation, to make two alcohol molecules that band branch is generated on hydroxyl β positions by low molecule fat alcohol
The high-carbon isomery fatty alcohol of chain, after be named as Guerbet (Guerbet) alcohol, actually isomery alcohol.
The characteristics of Guerbet alcohol is, with big branched structure, with molecular weight high, at low temperature in liquid condition, to pierce
Swash property low;Guerbet alcohol belongs to saturated alcohols, the characteristic with primary aliphatic alcohols, at high temperature with good oxidation stability.Due to
Guerbet alcohol possesses special advantageous property, determines that lattice alcohol has good wettability, greasy property and permeance property, turns into
A kind of industrial important excellent aliphatic alcohols raw material;Because Guerbet alcohol has relative molecular mass and branch link high
Structure thus with the peculiar property different from straight chain alcohol, low irritant and low molten boiling point, is good lubricant, superfatting agent
And antifreezing agent.
Guerbet alcohol is prepared by low molecule primary alconol or secondary alcohol by condensation.Existing Guerbet alcohol is generally
It is prepared under conditions of alkali catalyst and heavy metal co-catalyst are present.But the reaction yield of the method is generally 30
~50%, yield is relatively low, and side reaction is more, and reaction condition requirement is high.
US3119880 discloses a kind of preparation method, and it is being cupric oxide-barium monoxide-oxygen in the basic conditions that the method is
Change under chromium catalysis, heating carries out dehydrating condensation.
US4518810 discloses a kind of preparation method, and the method is carried out under alkaline matter and copper-nickel catalyst catalysis
Reaction, wherein, copper, the weight ratio of nickel are 1:9~9:1.
US4800077 discloses a kind of preparation method, and the method is under conditions of potassium hydroxide presence, with nickel or oxidation
Zinc carries out catalysis preparation for catalyst, and this method yield is higher, up to more than 90%.But in product containing a certain amount of aldehyde and
The accessory substances such as unsaturated aldehyde.
CN 1436762 discloses a kind of preparation method, and the method is in the presence of a basic, with the non-of special preparation
Crystalline state Ni is catalyst, is heated, dehydrating condensation, and lattice alcohol yield may be up to 90%.
German Henkel KGAA companies disclose a kind of preparation method speciallyying permit clear 61-6806.1986, the method be
Under conditions of KOH is present, catalyst is made with lead silicate, yield is up to 80%.
Above-mentioned each method can produce different amounts of soap, and accessory substance such as three in product in the preparation process of Guerbet alcohol
Copolymer content is higher, and catalyst cannot be recycled, and serious corrosion is caused to reactor.It is the soap generated except dereaction,
People have done the research work of equivalent.DE-AL-2634676 discloses a kind of method for removing soap, the solution of the method acidifying
Washing separation is carried out to product, the industrial wastewater containing organic matter and heavy metal can be so produced, environment is caused
Pollution.
DE-A-4014736 discloses a kind of method for removing soap, and the method uses the side of the cascade reaction with condenser
Method.Wherein, starting material is recycled and condensed water is separated.Contain metal and soap in cooled product.
DE 1953714 disclose it is a kind of remove soap method, the method be product is filtered at room temperature, is centrifuged,
Extraction removes the soap of indissoluble, but this will produce the waste water of high metal content.
CN1226418 discloses a kind of method for preparing the Guerbet alcohol without metal and without soap, this method avoid logical
Often a large amount of waste water are produced in conventional purge process.The method is obtained the direct separated of Guerbet alcohol, a side by condensation
The product alcohol that face obtains there may be raw alcohol, the catalyst on the other hand obtaining and the high molecular weight product being likely to be obtained, instead
Answering product can discharge from reative cell.But the method is still unavoidable from the generation of soap in course of reaction, so as to influence product to receive
Rate, catalyst cannot recycling utilization.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of catalyst and preparation method for preparing Guerbet alcohol, with solution
State problem.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical proposal of the invention is realized in this way:
The present invention provides a kind of catalyst for preparing Guerbet alcohol, and catalyst is by metal oxide, alkali metal hydrogen
Oxide, metallic nickel and carrier composition.
The mass percent of catalyst each component is:
Metal oxide 45~90%;
Alkali metal hydroxide 0.5~4%;
Metallic nickel 1~4.5%;
Carrier 3.5~60%;
Each component content sum is equal to 100%.
Preferably, the catalyst prod for obtaining is solid catalyst.
Preferably, catalyst can be recycled after regeneration.
The present invention also provides a kind of method prepared as described for Guerbet alcohol catalyst is prepared, including following step
Suddenly:
(1) by nickel nitrate deionized water wiring solution-forming, potassium hydroxide deionized water wiring solution-forming;
(2) magnesia and alumina powder are weighed, is added in the diluted nitric acid aqueous solution that mass concentration is 10%, mixing,
Extrusion after kneading is uniform, 60-80 DEG C of baking oven dries 2-4 hours, is cooled to normal temperature, and then start program is warming up to 500-600 DEG C of roasting
Burn 4-6 hours, realize solid liposome nanoparticle, obtain intermediate products a;
(3) the intermediate products a that will be obtained in step (2), is added in the potassium hydroxide solution of step (1) preparation, dipping
After 3-5 hours, 60-80 DEG C dries 12-36 hours, and 500-600 DEG C is calcined 1-4 hours, obtains intermediate products b;
(4) the intermediate products b that will be obtained in step (3), is added in the nickel nitrate solution of step (1) preparation, and dipping 2~
After 4 hours, 100-150 DEG C dries 12-36 hours, and 300-400 DEG C is calcined 1-4 hours, decomposes nitrate, obtains intermediate products
c;
(5) the intermediate products c that will be obtained in step (4), ground to obtain finished catalyst after carrying out hydrogen reduction.
The temperature programming of wherein step (2) is concretely comprised the following steps, and is warmed up to 200 DEG C of holding 60min from normal temperature with 90min, so
After be warming up to 380 DEG C keep 60min decompose nitrate, be then warming up to 540 DEG C from 380 DEG C.
The mass concentration of nickel nitrate solution is 5-25% in the step (1), the mass concentration of potassium hydroxide solution is 5~
30%.
Baking oven dries 2.5 hours at 70 DEG C in the step (2), is warming up to 540 DEG C and is calcined 5 hours.
In the step (3), it is added in the potassium hydroxide solution of step (1) preparation, after 4 hours, 70 DEG C dry dipping
24 hours, 540 DEG C were calcined 2 hours, obtain intermediate products b.
The intermediate products b obtained in (3) by step, is added in the nickel nitrate solution of step (1) preparation, dipping 3
After hour, 120 DEG C dry 24 hours, and 340 DEG C are calcined 2 hours, decompose nitrate, obtain intermediate products c.
Compared with prior art, the advantage of the invention is that:The catalyst have high catalytic efficiency, stability it is strong, without two
Secondary pollution, can be recycled, high selectivity the features such as, this catalyst has carrier because realizing solid liposome nanoparticle
There is special pore structure, because making the selectivity of catalyst more than 92%, be preferably minimized accessory substance, it is to avoid be follow-up
Product separation problem, meets the demand for development of Green Chemistry, is adapted to industrialized production, with good economic and social benefit.
Specific embodiment
Clear, complete description will be carried out to the technical scheme of various embodiments of the present invention below, it is clear that described implementation
Example is only a part of embodiment of the invention, rather than whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, this area is general
The resulting all other embodiment on the premise of creative work is not made of logical technical staff, belongs to the present invention and is protected
The scope of shield.
Embodiment 1
(1) magnesium oxide powder 60g, alumina powder 40g are weighed respectively, are added to the diluted nitric acid aqueous solution that concentration is 10%
In, extrusion after mixing, kneading are uniform, 75 DEG C of baking ovens are dried 2 hours, are cooled to normal temperature, and 200 DEG C of holding 60min are warmed up to by normal temperature,
Being warming up to 380 DEG C of holding 60min decomposes nitrate, is warming up to 540 DEG C and is calcined 2.5 hours, realizes solid liposome nanoparticle, obtains
Intermediate products a;
(2) by intermediate products a, it is added in the potassium hydroxide solution that mass concentration is 15%, after impregnating 4 hours, 75 DEG C
Drying 2 hours, 540 DEG C are calcined 2.5 hours, obtain intermediate products b;
(3) the intermediate products b that will be obtained, is added in the nickel nitrate solution that mass concentration is 5%, after impregnating 4 hours, 75
DEG C drying 24 hours, be cooled to normal temperature, by normal temperature be warmed up to 200 DEG C holding 60min, be warming up to 380 DEG C keep 60min make nitric acid
Salt is decomposed, and is warming up to 540 DEG C and is calcined 2.5 hours, obtains intermediate products c;
(4) intermediate products c, after carrying out hydrogen reduction, obtains finished catalyst.
By the catalyst 5g of Decanol 100g and gained in equipped with interpolation examination thermometer, water knockout drum, reflux condensing tube, nitrogen
In wireway, the there-necked flask of the 250mL of magnetic agitation, nitrogen 0.1L/min is continually fed into, be rapidly heated to 200 DEG C, reaction 1.5
Hour, reaction is lowered the temperature after terminating, and product is filtered at room temperature, separating catalyst, and gained filtrate obtains high through vacuum distillation
Purity product, yield is 87.7%, and selectivity is 92.4%.
Embodiment 2
(1) magnesium oxide powder 60g, alumina powder 40g are weighed respectively, are added to the diluted nitric acid aqueous solution that concentration is 10%
In, extrusion after mixing, kneading are uniform, 75 DEG C of baking ovens are dried 2 hours, are cooled to normal temperature, and 200 DEG C of holding 60min are warmed up to by normal temperature,
Being warming up to 380 DEG C of holding 60min decomposes nitrate, is warming up to 540 DEG C and is calcined 2.5 hours, realizes solid liposome nanoparticle, obtains
Intermediate products a;
(2) by intermediate products a, it is added in the potassium hydroxide solution that mass concentration is 15%, after impregnating 2 hours, 80 DEG C
Drying 4 hours, 600 DEG C are calcined 4 hours, obtain intermediate products b;The intermediate products b that will be obtained;
(3) the intermediate products b that will be obtained, is added in the nickel nitrate solution that mass concentration is 10%, after impregnating 5 hours,
80 DEG C are dried 2 hours, are cooled to normal temperature, and 200 DEG C of holding 60min are warmed up to by normal temperature, and being warming up to 400 DEG C of holding 60min makes nitre
Hydrochlorate is decomposed, and is warming up to 600 DEG C and is calcined 2.5 hours, obtains intermediate products c;
(4) intermediate products c, after carrying out hydrogen reduction, obtains finished catalyst.
By the catalyst 5g of Decanol 100g and gained in equipped with interpolation examination thermometer, water knockout drum, reflux condensing tube, nitrogen
In wireway, the there-necked flask of the 250mL of magnetic agitation, nitrogen 0.1L/min is continually fed into, be rapidly heated to 200 DEG C, reaction 1.5
Hour, reaction is lowered the temperature after terminating, and product is filtered at room temperature, separating catalyst, and gained filtrate obtains high through vacuum distillation
Purity product, yield is 89.2%, and selectivity is 94.3%.
Embodiment 3
(1) magnesium oxide powder 60g, alumina powder 40g are weighed respectively, are added to the diluted nitric acid aqueous solution that concentration is 10%
In, extrusion after mixing, kneading are uniform, 75 DEG C of baking ovens are dried 2 hours, are cooled to normal temperature, and 200 DEG C of holding 60min are warmed up to by normal temperature,
Being warming up to 380 DEG C of holding 60min decomposes nitrate, is warming up to 540 DEG C and is calcined 2.5 hours, realizes solid liposome nanoparticle, obtains
Intermediate products a;
(2) by intermediate products a, it is added in the potassium hydroxide solution that mass concentration is 15%, after impregnating 4 hours, 60 DEG C
Drying 4 hours, 600 DEG C are calcined 4 hours, obtain intermediate products b;
(3) the intermediate products b that will be obtained, is added in the nickel nitrate solution that mass concentration is 15%, after impregnating 3 hours,
60 DEG C are dried 4 hours, are cooled to normal temperature, and 200 DEG C of holding 60min are warmed up to by normal temperature, and being warming up to 380 DEG C of holding 60min makes nitre
Hydrochlorate is decomposed, and is warming up to 540 DEG C and is calcined 2.5 hours, obtains intermediate products c;
(4) intermediate products c, after carrying out hydrogen reduction, obtains finished catalyst.
By the catalyst 5g of Decanol 100g and gained in equipped with interpolation examination thermometer, water knockout drum, reflux condensing tube, nitrogen
In wireway, the there-necked flask of the 250mL of magnetic agitation, nitrogen 0.1L/min is continually fed into, be rapidly heated to 200 DEG C, reaction 1.5
Hour, reaction is lowered the temperature after terminating, and product is filtered at room temperature, separating catalyst, and gained filtrate obtains high through vacuum distillation
Purity product, yield is 92.4%, and selectivity is 96.0%.
Embodiment 4
(1) magnesium oxide powder 60g, alumina powder 40g are weighed respectively, are added to the diluted nitric acid aqueous solution that concentration is 10%
In, extrusion after mixing, kneading are uniform, 75 DEG C of baking ovens are dried 2 hours, are cooled to normal temperature, and 200 DEG C of holding 60min are warmed up to by normal temperature,
Being warming up to 380 DEG C of holding 60min decomposes nitrate, is warming up to 540 DEG C and is calcined 2.5 hours, realizes solid liposome nanoparticle, obtains
Intermediate products a;
(2) by intermediate products a, it is added in the potassium hydroxide solution that mass concentration is 15%, after impregnating 4 hours, 80 DEG C
Drying 2 hours, 500 DEG C are calcined 2 hours, obtain intermediate products b;
(3) the intermediate products b that will be obtained, is added in the nickel nitrate solution that mass concentration is 20%, after impregnating 4 hours,
70 DEG C are dried 3 hours, are cooled to normal temperature, and 200 DEG C of holding 60min are warmed up to by normal temperature, and being warming up to 380 DEG C of holding 60min makes nitre
Hydrochlorate is decomposed, and is warming up to 540 DEG C and is calcined 2.5 hours, obtains intermediate products c;
(4) intermediate products c, after carrying out hydrogen reduction, obtains finished catalyst.
By the catalyst 5g of Decanol 100g and gained in equipped with interpolation examination thermometer, water knockout drum, reflux condensing tube, nitrogen
In wireway, the there-necked flask of the 250mL of magnetic agitation, nitrogen 0.1L/min is continually fed into, be rapidly heated to 200 DEG C, reaction 1.5
Hour, reaction is lowered the temperature after terminating, and product is filtered at room temperature, separating catalyst, and gained filtrate obtains high through vacuum distillation
Purity product, yield is 95.0%, and selectivity is 99.4%.
Embodiment 5
(1) magnesium oxide powder 60g, alumina powder 40g are weighed respectively, are added to the diluted nitric acid aqueous solution that concentration is 10%
In, extrusion after mixing, kneading are uniform, 75 DEG C of baking ovens are dried 2 hours, are cooled to normal temperature, and 200 DEG C of holding 60min are warmed up to by normal temperature,
Being warming up to 380 DEG C of holding 60min decomposes nitrate, is warming up to 540 DEG C and is calcined 2.5 hours, realizes solid liposome nanoparticle, obtains
Intermediate products a;
(2) by intermediate products a, it is added in the potassium hydroxide solution that mass concentration is 15%, after impregnating 4 hours, 75 DEG C
Drying 2 hours, 540 DEG C are calcined 2.5 hours, obtain intermediate products b;
(3) the intermediate products b that will be obtained, is added in the nickel nitrate solution that mass concentration is 2t%, after impregnating 4 hours,
75 DEG C are dried 2 hours, are cooled to normal temperature, and 200 DEG C of holding 60min are warmed up to by normal temperature, and being warming up to 380 DEG C of holding 60min makes nitre
Hydrochlorate is decomposed, and is warming up to 540 DEG C and is calcined 2.5 hours, obtains intermediate products c;
(4) intermediate products c, after carrying out hydrogen reduction, obtains finished catalyst.
By the catalyst g of Decanol 100g and gained in equipped with interpolation examination thermometer, water knockout drum, reflux condensing tube, nitrogen
In wireway, the there-necked flask of the 250mL of magnetic agitation, nitrogen 0.1L/min is continually fed into, be rapidly heated to 200 DEG C, reaction 1.5
Hour, reaction is lowered the temperature after terminating, and product is filtered at room temperature, separating catalyst, and gained filtrate obtains high through vacuum distillation
Purity product, yield is 95.6%, and selectivity is 99.5%.
Embodiment 6
The present invention also provides a kind of application stated for preparing Guerbet alcohol catalyst, it is characterised in that including following step
Suddenly:
Before reaction, to nitrogen purge gas is led in reactor, fatty alcohol, 3.9~7.5% fatty alcohol weights are added in the reactor
The catalyst of amount, under agitation, is continually fed into 0.05~0.4L/min of nitrogen, is warming up to 190~260 DEG C and reacts 2~3 hours,
Reaction is lowered the temperature after terminating, and product is filtered at room temperature, and separating catalyst, filtrate obtains product through vacuum distillation, without again
Purifying.
The above, is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, and any formal limitation is not made to the present invention, is appointed
What those skilled in the art, without departing from the scope of the present invention, when in the technology using the disclosure above
Appearance is made a little change or is modified to the Equivalent embodiments of equivalent variations, as long as being the content without departing from technical solution of the present invention,
Any simple modification, equivalent variations and the modification made to above example according to technical spirit of the invention, still fall within this
In the range of inventive technique scheme.