CN104474890A - Method for denitrifying NO by directly decomposing NO catalytically by using supported metal oxide catalyst - Google Patents
Method for denitrifying NO by directly decomposing NO catalytically by using supported metal oxide catalyst Download PDFInfo
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- CN104474890A CN104474890A CN201410737013.7A CN201410737013A CN104474890A CN 104474890 A CN104474890 A CN 104474890A CN 201410737013 A CN201410737013 A CN 201410737013A CN 104474890 A CN104474890 A CN 104474890A
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for denitrifying NO by directly decomposing NO catalytically by using a supported metal oxide catalyst. The method is carried out in a microwave field. The catalyst is a supported mixed metal oxide catalyst which is characterized in that a mixed metal oxide MOx is supported on an Al2O3 carrier, wherein M is selected from two or three of cerium, copper, manganese and nickel; preferably, the catalyst is selected from CeCuOx/Al2O3, CeMnOx/Al2O3, CeNiOx/Al2O3 and CeCuMnOx/Al2O3. The method has the advantages that secondary pollution is avoided through microwave catalytic direct NO decomposition reaction; the process is simple, is convenient to operate and easy to control, is high in NO removal efficiency (the NO conversion rate can be 95.1%), strong in oxidation resistance and low in operating temperatures, is energy-saving and environment-friendly and is low in operating cost; the flue gases or waste gases treated by using the method can be directly up to the national emission standard.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to catalytic denitration field, be specifically related to the method for a kind of Engineering of Supported Metal Oxide Catalysts catalysis Direct Resolution NO denitration.
Background technology
Nitrogen oxide is one of major pollutants of serious harm human health, and its more than 95% composition is NO.According to estimates, China coal-burning power plant NO in 2015
xdischarge capacity will reach 1,310 ten thousand tons, and the discharge of visible control NO is very important.Along with improving constantly of human living standard, countries in the world are all paid much attention to the research of administering containing nitrogen oxides emissions, promotion and application.
The direct breakdown method of NO is because having economy, not consuming NH
3, CO, CH
4deng reducing agent, the feature not producing secondary pollution, be considered to the method for most attraction.The reaction that NO decomposes is
nO Direct Resolution is N
2and O
2within the scope of thermodynamics, reach 99% is feasible, but reaction activity is up to 364KJ/mol, and the decomposition essence therefore studying NO inquires into its dynamic (dynamical) problem, also namely finds suitable catalyst and the catalysis process of this reaction.
Large quantity research shows, a lot of metal oxide particularly catalyst of transition metal oxide all has certain catalytic decomposition activity to NO.Relative to noble metal, metal oxide catalyst cheap.But, usually only have at high temperature metal oxide catalyst just to show the activity with direct catalytic decomposition NO; And this kind of catalyst nearly all exists strong oxygen resistance phenomenon, the oxygen coexisted in actual waste gas makes NO conversion ratio seriously reduce.
In addition, microwave energy gains universal acceptance as one is high-effect.The people such as Huang Kama have done long-time a series of research, think that microwave can change the interaction between molecule, significantly improve the speed of some chemical reaction and change the mechanism of reaction.Wei Shan makes catalyst and NH with Fe/Ga-5A
4hCO
3do reducing agent selective reduction under microwave catalysis and remove NO.The people such as Zhang Tao utilize microwave discharge to process NO (catalyst-free), achieve good effect.Tang Junwang, under heating using microwave pattern and conventional heating pattern, carries out denitration research with Fe/ZSM-5 catalyst, and result shows that heating using microwave can allow and originally can not the reaction of catalytic decomposition really there occurs, and NO reaches the conversion ratio of 70%.
Although above-mentioned research is all a lot, from disclosed data, best NO conversion ratio is about 70%, and removal efficiency is not high; And large by influence of oxygen content in waste gas, when oxygen content is larger, the method does not reach and removes requirement.
Summary of the invention
Not high in order to solve the NO removal efficiency existed in prior art, the problem of technics comparing complexity, the invention provides a kind of simple for process, removal of nitrogen oxide rate is high, the economical and practical method removing nitrogen oxides of exhaust gas.
Based on above-mentioned prior art, the present inventor considers usually only have at high temperature metal oxide catalyst just to show the activity with direct catalytic decomposition NO; And this kind of catalyst nearly all exists strong oxygen resistance phenomenon, the oxygen coexisted in actual waste gas makes NO conversion ratio seriously reduce.Therefore inventor attempts to find a kind of efficient energy matched with metal oxide catalyst to carry out acting in conjunction and reduces the activation energy reacted, and the Direct Resolution of NO can be carried out smoothly.Consider that microwave energy gains universal acceptance as one is high-effect.Therefore, inventor tries to carry out the Direct Resolution mating to come catalyzing N O of metal oxide catalyst and microwave energy.But microwave can not start all metal oxides plays efficient catalytic action to the Direct Resolution reaction of NO in raw material under cryogenic, until the present inventor finds a kind of specific modified metal-oxide catalyst, make this catalyst can form good coordinating with microwave in catalyzing N O Direct Resolution reacts.
Therefore, the invention provides the method for a kind of Engineering of Supported Metal Oxide Catalysts catalysis Direct Resolution NO denitration, described method is carried out in microwave field, and described catalyst is support type O composite metallic oxide catalyst, and described support type O composite metallic oxide catalyst is composite metal oxide MO
xload is at Al
2o
3on carrier, described M is in selected from cerium, copper, manganese and nickel two or three.In the present invention, described support type O composite metallic oxide catalyst such as adopts infusion process to prepare.
In a kind of concrete embodiment, the M in described support type O composite metallic oxide catalyst at least comprises cerium.Inventor finds, time in the composite metal oxide of catalyst containing cerium, the amplitude that catalyst performance improves further clearly.Preferred described catalyst is for being selected from CeCuO
x/ Al
2o
3, CeMnO
x/ Al
2o
3, CeNiO
x/ Al
2o
3and CeCuMnO
x/ Al
2o
3; Be more preferably CeCuMnO
x/ Al
2o
3.Preferably, M and Al in described support type O composite metallic oxide catalyst
2o
3in carrier, the ratio of the amount of substance of aluminium element is 0.06 ~ 0.6:1, is preferably 0.12 ~ 0.4:1.
In a kind of concrete embodiment, in the reaction tube of microwave catalysis reactor assembly, fill described support type O composite metallic oxide catalyst form microwave catalysis reaction bed, pending waste gas by microwave catalysis reaction bed time, issue raw gas-solid catalytic reaction in the acting in conjunction of microwave and described catalyst, the direct catalytic decomposition of NO wherein becomes N
2and O
2.In the present invention, the temperature of catalytic reaction is such as 100 ~ 300 DEG C, preferably 200 ~ 250 DEG C.
In the present invention, in described pending waste gas, the content of oxygen is 0.1 ~ 20%, is preferably 1 ~ 15%, is more preferably 7.5 ~ 10%.Catalysis process provided by the invention is particularly suitable for the waste gas higher to oxygen content and processes, and in waste gas, oxygen content is got over Gao Yueneng and embodied the inventive method advantage compared to existing technology.
In the present invention, the time of staying of described pending waste gas in microwave catalysis reaction bed is such as 0.5-10s, preferred 1-3s.Microwave frequency of the present invention is 500 ~ 3000MHz.
When using that specific support type O composite metallic oxide catalyst coordinates with microwave in the present invention, can under low temperature and elevated oxygen level condition direct catalytic decomposition NO.The present inventor found through experiments, and during with special support type composite metal oxide this in the present invention for the NO denitration of catalyst Direct Resolution, described catalyst can absorb microwave.
The present invention is also corresponding provides a kind of Engineering of Supported Metal Oxide Catalysts for catalysis Direct Resolution NO denitration under microwave condition, it is characterized in that, described catalyst is support type O composite metallic oxide catalyst, and described support type O composite metallic oxide catalyst is composite metal oxide MO
xload is at Al
2o
3on carrier, described M is in selected from cerium, copper, manganese and nickel two or three; Preferred described catalyst is CuMnO
x/ Al
2o
3, CeCuO
x/ Al
2o
3, CeMnO
x/ Al
2o
3, CeNiO
x/ Al
2o
3and CeCuMnO
x/ Al
2o
3in one or more.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: microwave catalysis Direct Resolution NO reaction does not have secondary pollution, and technique is simple, easy to operate being easy to controls, NO removal efficiency high (NO conversion ratio can reach 95.1%), antioxidant is strong, and operating temperature is low, energy-conserving and environment-protective, operating cost is low.Use the flue gas after the inventive method process or waste gas directly can reach discharging standards.
Detailed description of the invention
Be described in further detail below in conjunction with embodiment.
Embodiment 1 and comparative example 1
Engineering of Supported Metal Oxide Catalysts adopts equi-volume impregnating preparation.First, activated alumina, at 500 DEG C of roasting 2h, obtains Al
2o
3carrier.Then Al
2o
3carrier mixes with the metal-nitrate solutions equal-volume of variable concentrations, and at room temperature first ultrasonic 0.5h, then floods 24h.Afterwards the dip compound obtained is dried 6h at 100 DEG C.Then at 500 DEG C of roasting 2h, obtained a series of Al
2o
3metal oxide supporting catalyst.The load capacity of metal oxide is as shown in table 1.
Table 1
Embodiment 2 and comparative example 2
The method of the invention to be included in the reaction tube of microwave catalysis reactor assembly catalyst filling and to form microwave catalysis reaction bed, and processed gas is carrying out denitration process by there is gas-solid phase reaction during microwave catalysis reaction bed.Described catalyst is prepare in embodiment 1 and comparative example 1 metal oxide supported at Al
2o
3on carrier, consist of CuO
x/ Al
2o
3, MnO
x/ Al
2o
3, NiO
x/ Al
2o
3, CuMnO
x/ Al
2o
3, CeCuO
x/ Al
2o
3, CeMnO
x/ Al
2o
3, CeNiO
x/ Al
2o
3and CeCuMnO
x/ Al
2o
3catalyst; Described packed catalyst is in the reaction tube of microwave catalysis reactor assembly, and processed gas is through microwave catalysis reaction bed, and the N of Direct Resolution reaction build environment close friend occurs the NO in gas
2and O
2, to reach the object of direct denitration.
In this example, described waste gas for Dalian great Te gas Co., Ltd provide for N
2with the gaseous mixture of NO composition, wherein NO concentration is 1000ppm.NO
xanalyzer is Americanized 42C NO-NO
2-NO
xanalyzer.
Microwave power is at 0-1000w continuously adjustabe, and frequency is 2400-2500MHz.Quartz tube reactor is WG1/2.45-Φ 5.4 × 54.This tests quartzy pipe range 540mm used, internal diameter 10mm.
Packed catalyst forms beds in quartz tube reactor, and the waste gas of above-mentioned test carries out the reaction of microwave catalysis Direct Resolution NO through beds.Catalyst filling amount is 1.5g, and order number is 40-60 order.Air inlet NO concentration is 1000ppm, and oxygen content is 5%, and the time of staying of gas in microwave catalysis reaction bed is 1s, and reaction pressure is normal pressure.Regulate microwave power, change the reaction bed temperature of catalyst, make bed temperature maintain 100 DEG C, 150 DEG C, 200 DEG C and 250 DEG C respectively, carry out the experiment of microwave catalysis Direct Resolution NO, experimental result is as shown in table 2.
Table 2
When reaction bed temperature is 100 DEG C, the Catalysts Cu O in comparative example 2
x/ Al
2o
3, MnO
x/ Al
2o
3and NiO
x/ Al
2o
3just show the activity of decomposing N O, its NO conversion ratio is respectively 58.3%, 68.7% and 74.3%.When reaction bed temperature is 250 DEG C, on the catalyst in comparative example 2, NO conversion ratio is increased to 73.7%, 81.6% and 82.7% respectively.When visible low temperature, Engineering of Supported Metal Oxide Catalysts just shows the activity of certain microwave catalysis decomposing N O, but such NO rates of decomposing and transforming makes the flue gas after using the method process or waste gas also be difficult to directly reach discharging standards.
But in the support type O composite metallic oxide catalyst shown in embodiment 2, when reaction bed temperature is 100 DEG C, catalyst just shows the activity of relatively high decomposing N O, CuMnO
x/ Al
2o
3, CeCuO
x/ Al
2o
3, CeMnO
x/ Al
2o
3, CeNiO
x/ Al
2o
3and CeCuMnO
x/ Al
2o
3on catalyst, NO conversion ratio is respectively 71.1%, 65.7%, 74.3%, 75.2% and 74.2%.When reaction bed temperature is 250 DEG C, on these catalyst, NO conversion ratio is increased to 89.7%, 87.6%, 86.2%, 85.2% and 94.8% respectively.Compared with comparative example 2, the catalytic activity of visible support type O composite metallic oxide catalyst improves greatly.And at low temperature 250 DEG C, oxygen content is under 5% condition, at CeCuMnO
x/ Al
2o
3the conversion ratio of upper microwave catalysis Direct Resolution NO up to 94.8%, can illustrate that the catalytic performance of the support type O composite metallic oxide catalyst adding Ce modification is especially excellent.
Embodiment 3 and comparative example 3
Substantially identical with comparative example 2 with embodiment 2, be 0-10% unlike the content of oxygen in change air inlet.
Catalyst filling amount in embodiment 3 and comparative example 3 is respectively 1.5g, and order number is 40-60 order.Air inlet NO concentration is 1000ppm, and the content changing oxygen in air inlet is 0%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, and the time of staying of gas in microwave catalysis reaction bed is 1s, and reaction pressure is normal pressure.Regulate microwave power, make reaction bed temperature maintain 250 DEG C respectively, investigate the antioxidant of this catalyst when microwave catalysis decomposing N O.Result is as shown in table 3.
Table 3
When oxygen exists, the conversion ratio of NO does not affect by oxygen concentration on each catalyst, shows that the Engineering of Supported Metal Oxide Catalysts in comparative example and embodiment all has good antioxidant under microwave catalysis pattern.In addition, at oxygen content up under 10% and low temperature 250 DEG C of conditions, CeCuMnO
x/ Al
2o
3the conversion ratio of upper microwave catalysis Direct Resolution NO still can up to 95.1%.The flue gas in the present invention after method process or waste gas is used easily directly to reach discharging standards.
Comparative example 4
Under investigating popular response pattern by data disclosed in prior art, 400 DEG C time, composite metal oxide (comprises CuMnO
x/ Al
2o
3, CeCuO
x/ Al
2o
3, CeMnO
x/ Al
2o
3, CeNiO
x/ Al
2o
3and CeCuMnO
x/ Al
2o
3) performance of catalyzing N O Direct Resolution.Experiment finds, the reaction of composite metal oxide catalyst NO Direct Resolution does not almost have activity.
In addition, under higher temperature conditions there is serious oxygen obstruction in (500 ~ 600 DEG C) above-mentioned composite metal oxide catalyst Direct Resolution NO reaction, and NO rates of decomposing and transforming is sharply declined.
Claims (10)
1. the method for Engineering of Supported Metal Oxide Catalysts catalysis Direct Resolution NO denitration, it is characterized in that, described method is carried out in microwave field, and described catalyst is support type O composite metallic oxide catalyst, and described support type O composite metallic oxide catalyst is composite metal oxide MO
xload is at Al
2o
3on carrier, described M is in selected from cerium, copper, manganese and nickel two or three.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the M in described support type O composite metallic oxide catalyst at least comprises cerium.
3. method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described support type O composite metallic oxide catalyst is selected from CeCuO
x/ Al
2o
3, CeMnO
x/ Al
2o
3, CeNiO
x/ Al
2o
3and CeCuMnO
x/ Al
2o
3; Be preferably CeCuMnO
x/ Al
2o
3.
4. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, M and Al in described support type O composite metallic oxide catalyst
2o
3in carrier, the ratio of the amount of substance of aluminium element is 0.06 ~ 0.6:1, is preferably 0.12 ~ 0.4:1.
5. according to the method in Claims 1 to 4 described in any one, it is characterized in that, in the reaction tube of microwave catalysis reactor assembly, fill described support type O composite metallic oxide catalyst form microwave catalysis reaction bed, pending waste gas by microwave catalysis reaction bed time, issue raw gas-solid catalytic reaction in the acting in conjunction of microwave and described catalyst, the direct catalytic decomposition of NO wherein becomes N
2and O
2.
6. method according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the temperature of catalytic reaction is 100 ~ 300 DEG C, preferably 200 ~ 250 DEG C.
7. method according to claim 5, is characterized in that, in described pending waste gas, the content of oxygen is 0.1 ~ 20%, preferably 1 ~ 15%, more preferably 7.5 ~ 10%.
8. method according to claim 4, is characterized in that, the time of staying of described pending waste gas in microwave catalysis reaction bed is 0.5-10s, preferred 1-3s.
9. method according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described microwave frequency is 500 ~ 3000MHz.
10. the Engineering of Supported Metal Oxide Catalysts for catalysis Direct Resolution NO denitration under microwave condition, it is characterized in that, described catalyst is support type O composite metallic oxide catalyst, and described support type O composite metallic oxide catalyst is composite metal oxide MO
xload is at Al
2o
3on carrier, described M is in selected from cerium, copper, manganese and nickel two or three; Preferred described catalyst is CeCuO
x/ Al
2o
3, CeMnO
x/ Al
2o
3, CeNiO
x/ Al
2o
3and CeCuMnO
x/ Al
2o
3in one or more.
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| CN104874394A (en) * | 2015-05-19 | 2015-09-02 | 大连理工大学 | Cheap low-temperature SCR catalyst with sulfur resistance and preparation method thereof |
| CN106345292A (en) * | 2016-10-10 | 2017-01-25 | 湘潭大学 | Method for directly decomposing NO by microwave catalysis and catalyst |
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| CN114653375A (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2022-06-24 | 中国科学院江西稀土研究院 | Catalyst for removing CO in sintering flue gas and preparation method thereof |
| CN114653375B (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2024-05-14 | 中国科学院江西稀土研究院 | Catalyst for removing CO in sintering flue gas and preparation method thereof |
| CN114643055A (en) * | 2022-04-08 | 2022-06-21 | 浙江大学 | Nano-gold-loaded nano cerium oxide for catalyzing direct decomposition of nitrogen oxide and preparation method thereof |
| CN114643055B (en) * | 2022-04-08 | 2023-07-07 | 浙江大学 | Nano-gold-loaded nano cerium oxide for catalyzing direct decomposition of nitrogen oxides and preparation method thereof |
| CN116351427A (en) * | 2023-01-19 | 2023-06-30 | 石河子大学 | Denitration catalyst for denitration of synthetic flue gas and preparation method and application thereof |
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