CN104471335A - Methods and systems for carbon dioxide (CO2) condensation - Google Patents

Methods and systems for carbon dioxide (CO2) condensation Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104471335A
CN104471335A CN201280047666.1A CN201280047666A CN104471335A CN 104471335 A CN104471335 A CN 104471335A CN 201280047666 A CN201280047666 A CN 201280047666A CN 104471335 A CN104471335 A CN 104471335A
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stream
condensation
cooling
cooled
temperature
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CN104471335B (en
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M.A.冈萨雷斯萨拉扎
V.米歇拉西
C.沃格尔
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General Electric Co
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General Electric Co
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/08—Separating gaseous impurities from gases or gaseous mixtures or from liquefied gases or liquefied gaseous mixtures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/002—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by condensation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0027—Oxides of carbon, e.g. CO2
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0035—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0225—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using other external refrigeration means not provided before, e.g. heat driven absorption chillers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/50—Carbon oxides
    • B01D2257/504—Carbon dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
    • F25J2220/80—Separating impurities from carbon dioxide, e.g. H2O or water-soluble contaminants
    • F25J2220/82—Separating low boiling, i.e. more volatile components, e.g. He, H2, CO, Air gases, CH4
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/30—Compression of the feed stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2235/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams
    • F25J2235/80—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams the fluid being carbon dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2260/00—Coupling of processes or apparatus to other units; Integrated schemes
    • F25J2260/80—Integration in an installation using carbon dioxide, e.g. for EOR, sequestration, refrigeration etc.
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/90—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration
    • F25J2270/908—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration by regenerative chillers, i.e. oscillating or dynamic systems, e.g. Stirling refrigerator, thermoelectric ("Peltier") or magnetic refrigeration

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, methods of condensing carbon dioxide (CO2) from a CO2 stream are provided. The method includes (i) compressing and cooling the CO2 stream to form a partially cooled CO2 stream, wherein the partially cooled CO2, stream is cooled to a first temperature. The method includes (ii) cooling the partially cooled CO2 stream to a second temperature fay magneto-caloric cooling to form a cooled CO2stream. The method further includes (iii) condensing at least a portion of CO2 in the cooled CO2 stream to form a condensed CO2 stream. Systems for condensing carbon dioxide (CO2) from a CO2 stream are also provided.

Description

For CO 2the method and system of condensation
Technical field
The disclosure relates to the cooling of use magnetic heat makes carbon dioxide (CO 2) method and system of condensation.More particularly, the disclosure relate to use magnetic heat cooling cooling during rolling formula compress and pumping system in carry out CO 2the method and system of condensation.
Background technology
Power generating process based on combust carbonaceous fuel typically produces CO 2as accessory substance.Catch or otherwise from admixture of gas, isolate CO 2to stop CO 2be discharged in environment, and/or utilize CO in power generating process or other process 2can be desirable.Make isolated CO 2liquefaction/condensation, to be conducive to transport and to store isolated CO 2can be desirable further.In order to the final utilization application expected, CO can be used 2compression, liquefaction and pumping system make CO 2liquefaction.But, for condensation/liquefaction CO 2method may be energy intensive.
Thus, need to be used for making CO 2the efficient method and system of condensation.In addition, need to be used for making CO in the compression of cooling during rolling formula and pumping system 2the efficient method and system of condensation.
Summary of the invention
According to an aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of from carbon dioxide (CO 2) condensation CO in stream 2method.The method comprises (i) compression and cooling CO 2stream, with the CO that cools of forming section ground 2stream, wherein, the CO partly cooled 2stream is cooled to the first temperature.Method comprises (ii) cools by magnetic heat the CO that will partly cool 2stream is cooled to the second temperature, to form the CO of cooling 2stream.Method comprises further, and (iii) makes the CO of cooling 2cO in stream 2condensation at the second temperature at least partially, to form the CO of condensation 2stream.
According to a further aspect in the invention, provide a kind of from carbon dioxide (CO 2) condensation CO in stream 2method.The method comprises (i) and cool CO in the first cooling class comprising First Heat Exchanger 2stream, with the CO cooled with forming Part I 2stream.The CO that method comprises further (ii) cools with compressing Part I 2stream, to form the first compression CO 2stream.Method comprises further (iii) cools the first compression CO in the second cooling class comprising the second heat exchanger 2stream, with the CO cooled with forming Part II 2stream.The CO that method comprises further (iv) cools with compressing Part II 2stream, to form the second compression CO 2stream.Method comprises (v) in the 3rd cooling class comprising the 3rd heat exchanger further by the second compression CO 2flow to cooling first temperature, with the CO that cools of forming section ground 2stream.Method comprises further (vi) cools by magnetic heat the CO that will partly cool 2stream is cooled to the second temperature, to form the CO of cooling 2stream.Method comprises further, and (vii) makes the CO of cooling 2cO in stream 2condensation at the second temperature at least partially, to form the CO of condensation 2stream.
According to another aspect of the invention, provide a kind of for from carbon dioxide (CO 2) condensation CO in stream 2system.This system comprises (i) and is configured to receive CO 2one or more compression stages of stream.System comprises further (ii) with one or more compression stage is in one or more cooling class that fluid is communicated with, and wherein, one or more compression stage becomes compression CO with the composite construction of one or more cooling class 2stream, and by CO 2stream is cooled to the first temperature, with the CO that cools of forming section ground 2stream.System comprises further (iii) the hot cooling class of magnetic, its CO cooled with being configured to receiving unit 2stream, and the CO that will partly cool 2stream is cooled to the second temperature, to form the CO of cooling 2stream.Condensation stage that system comprises further (iv), it is configured to the CO making cooling 2cO in stream 2part condensation at the second temperature, thus from cooling compression CO 2condensation CO in stream 2, to form the CO of condensation 2stream.
According to following detailed description, accompanying drawing and claims, other embodiments of the invention, aspects, features and advantages will become apparent those of ordinary skill in the art.
Accompanying drawing explanation
When reading following detailed description in detail with reference to accompanying drawing, these and other feature of the present invention, aspect and advantage will become better understood, and in the accompanying drawings, same-sign represents same parts in all figure, wherein:
Fig. 1 is according to an embodiment of the invention from CO 2condensation CO in stream 2the flow chart of method.
Fig. 2 is according to an embodiment of the invention from CO 2condensation CO in stream 2the flow chart of method.
Fig. 3 is according to an embodiment of the invention from CO 2condensation CO in stream 2the block diagram of system.
Fig. 4 is according to an embodiment of the invention from CO 2condensation CO in stream 2the block diagram of system.
Fig. 5 is according to an embodiment of the invention from CO 2condensation CO in stream 2the block diagram of system.
Fig. 6 is according to an embodiment of the invention from CO 2condensation CO in stream 2the block diagram of system.
Fig. 7 is according to an embodiment of the invention from CO 2condensation CO in stream 2the block diagram of system.
Fig. 8 is according to an embodiment of the invention from CO 2condensation CO in stream 2the block diagram of system.
Fig. 9 is according to one embodiment of present invention, from CO 2condensation CO in stream 2the block diagram of system.
Figure 10 is about CO 2pressure-temperature figure.
Detailed description of the invention
As discussed in detail below, embodiments of the invention comprise and are suitable for CO 2the method and system of condensation.As previously alluded, CO 2liquefaction and pumping high-energy may be needed to input.Such as, the pressure of about 60 bar may be needed to make CO 2liquefy at 20 DEG C.In certain embodiments, middle magnetic cooling step is advantageously by CO 2temperature is reduced to lower than 0 DEG C, thus reduces the merit needed for whole system significantly.In certain embodiments, depend on the coefficient of performance of the hot cooling system of magnetic, the total efficiency improvement using method and system described herein to obtain about 10% to about 15% can be feasible.
The approximate language used in whole description and claim herein can be applied modify any quantity changed can be allowed to represent, and the basic function relevant with it can not be caused to change.Therefore, the value that such as term of " approximately " or multiple term are modified is not limited to the explicit value specified.In some cases, approximate language may correspond to the precision in the instrument for measured value.
In the following description and appended dependent claims, singulative " ", " one " and " being somebody's turn to do " comprise a plurality of object, unless context clearly separately has regulation.
In one embodiment, as shown in Fig. 1 and 3, be provided for from CO 2the method 10 of carbon dioxide condensation in stream.As used herein, term " CO 2stream " represent the CO discharged due to process fuel (such as natural gas, biological quality, gasoline, diesel fuel, coal, oil shale, fuel oil, tar sand and their combination) 2gas and vapor permeation logistics.In certain embodiments, CO 2stream comprises the CO discharged from gas turbine 2stream.In a particular embodiment, CO 2stream comprises the CO discharged from the power device of coal combustion or natural gas 2admixture of gas.
In certain embodiments, CO 2it is one or more that stream comprises in nitrogen, nitrogen dioxide, oxygen or steam further.In certain embodiments, CO 2stream comprises impurity or pollutant further, and its example includes, but is not limited to nitrogen, nitrogen oxide, sulfur oxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, unburned hydrocarbon, particulate matter and their combination.In a particular embodiment, CO 2flow substantially free from foreign meter or pollutant.In a particular embodiment, CO 2stream comprises carbon dioxide substantially.
In certain embodiments, CO 2impurity in stream or the amount of pollutant are lower than about 50 % by mole.In certain embodiments, CO 2impurity in stream or the amount of pollutant are lower than about 20 % by mole.In certain embodiments, CO 2the scope of the impurity in stream or the amount of pollutant is about 10 % by mole to about 20 % by mole.In certain embodiments, CO 2impurity in stream or the amount of pollutant are lower than about 5 % by mole.
In one embodiment, method comprises as indicated in Fig. 3, receives the CO from hydrocarbon process, burning, gasification or similar power device (not shown) 2stream 101.As indicated in Fig. 1 and 3, in step 11 place, method 10 comprises compression and cooling CO 2stream 101, with the CO that cools of forming section ground 2stream 201.In certain embodiments, one or more compression stage 120 can be used to compress CO 2stream 101.In certain embodiments, one or more cooling class 110 can be used to cool CO 2stream.
In certain embodiments, by using one or more compression stage, by CO 2stream 101 is compressed to desired pressure, as indicated in 120 in Fig. 3.As indicated in Fig. 3, in certain embodiments, compression stage 120 can comprise one or more compressor further, and such as 121 and 122.It should be noted that in figure 3, show two compressors 121 and 122 only exemplarily property embodiment, and the actual quantity of compressor and their independent structure can be depending on the final result of expectation and change.In one embodiment, CO 2stream 101 is compressible to magnetic cooling and the pressure and temperature desired by condensing steps 12 and 13 difference.In certain embodiments, before magnetic cooling step 12, CO 2it is the pressure of about 10 bar to about 60 bar that stream 101 is compressible to scope.In a particular embodiment, before magnetic cooling step 12, CO 2it is the pressure of about 20 bar to about 40 bar that stream 101 is compressible to scope.
In certain embodiments, by using one or more cooling class (as indicated in 110 in Fig. 3), can by CO 2stream 101 is cooled to preferred temperature.As indicated in Fig. 3, in certain embodiments, cooling class 110 can comprise one or more heat exchanger further, such as, and 111,112 and 113.It should be noted that in figure 3, show three heat exchangers 111,112 and 113 only exemplarily property embodiment, and the actual quantity of heat exchanger and their independent structure can be depending on the final result of expectation and change.In certain embodiments, cooling medium can be used to cool one or more heat exchanger.In certain embodiments, cooling-air can be used, cooling water or (as indicated in 115 in Fig. 3) both them cool one or more heat exchanger.In certain embodiments, cooling class can comprise one or more intercooler further, with the coolant exhaust stream 101 when not affecting pressure.
Should it is further noted that in figure 3, the structure showing cooling class 110 and compression stage 120 only exemplarily property embodiment, and also actual configuration can be depending on the final result of expectation and changes.Such as, in some other embodiments, method can be included in compressor 121 (not shown) compresses CO 2before stream, the CO in cooling heat exchanger 111 2stream.
In certain embodiments, method comprises further by making CO 2stream expands in one or more expander 123, by CO 2stream 101 is cooled to the first temperature, as indicated in Fig. 8.In certain embodiments, method comprises expansion step, and this step makes CO 2the pressure of stream 101 is reduced to the stress level of about 20 bar from the Absolute pressure level being greater than about 20 bar, thus makes CO 2the temperature of stream 101 is reduced to lower than air or the accessible value of water cooling.Be not bound by any theory restrictions, believe by adopting expansion step, the integral load of the hot cooling step 12 of magnetic can be reduced, because lead to the CO partly cooled of the hot step of magnetic 2the inlet temperature of stream can lower than the temperature when not having expansion step.In certain embodiments, the merit extracted in expansion step can be further used for the hot cooling step 12 of magnetic.
In one embodiment, CO 2stream 101 can be cooled to magnetic cooling step 12 and the temperature and pressure desired by condensing steps 13.In one embodiment, method comprises compression and cooling CO 2stream 101, with the CO that cools of forming section ground 2stream 201, as indicated in Fig. 3.In one embodiment, method comprises further by making CO 2stream expands CO in one or more expander 123 2stream 101 is cooled to the first temperature, with the CO that cools of forming section ground 2stream 201, as indicated in Fig. 8.
In one embodiment, method comprises the CO that will partly cool 2stream 201 is cooled to the first temperature.In certain embodiments, before magnetic cooling step 12, the CO partly cooled 2stream 201 scopes that can be cooled to are the temperature of about 5 degrees Celsius to about 35 degrees Celsius.In a particular embodiment, before magnetic cooling step 12, the CO partly cooled 2stream 201 scopes that can be cooled to are the temperature of about 10 degrees Celsius to about 25 degrees Celsius.
As previously alluded, when there is no extra magnetic cooling step, the CO partly cooled 2cO in stream 201 2be typically liquefy at the temperature of about 20 degrees Celsius to about 25 degrees Celsius in scope.Condensation temperature is determined by the temperature of cooling medium, and cooling medium can be cooling water or air.As shown in Figure 10 like that, be under the condensation temperature of about 20 degrees Celsius to about 25 degrees Celsius in scope, need the absolute pressure of about 60 bar to make CO 2liquefaction.By contrast, by by CO 2the stream scope that is cooled to is the temperature of approximately-25 degrees Celsius to about 0 degree Celsius, can advantageously use lower pressure from the CO partly cooled 2condensation CO in stream 201 2.
In one embodiment, method comprises further, in step 12 place, cools by magnetic heat the CO that will partly cool 2stream 201 is cooled to the second temperature, to form the CO of cooling 2stream 302, as indicated in Fig. 1 and 3.In one embodiment, method comprises the CO using the hot cooling class 200 of magnetic to cool with carrying out cooling segment 2stream 201, as indicated in Fig. 3.
In certain embodiments, the hot cooling class of magnetic 200 comprises heat exchanger 212 and outside magnetic apparatus for cooling 211.In certain embodiments, magnetic apparatus for cooling 211 is configured to heat exchanger 212 and provides cooling, as shown in Figure 3.
In one embodiment, magnetic apparatus for cooling 211 comprises the regenerator that cold heat exchanger and heat exchanger, permanent magnet assembly or induction coil magnet assembly, magneto-caloric material are made, and heat transfer fluid circulation.In one embodiment, heat transfer fluid is pumped across regenerator and heat exchanger by fluid pump (not shown).
In one embodiment, magnetic apparatus for cooling works with active magnetic regeneration cycle (AMR), and by carrying out magnetization and the demagnetization of order to magnetic hot recycling device with counter-flow heat transfer stream, provides cooling power to heat transfer fluid.In certain embodiments, by the wherein regenerator rotary facility through the bore which of magnet system, allow magnetization and the demagnetization of magnetic hot recycling device being carried out to order.In some other embodiments, allow magnetization and the demagnetization of magnetic hot recycling device being carried out to order by reciprocating linear device.At the U.S. Patent application No. 12/392 that on February 25th, 2009 submits to, exemplary magnet assembly and magnetic apparatus for cooling is described in 115, for any and all objects, this application is combined in herein by reference and integrally, as long as it does not directly contradict with instruction herein.
In certain embodiments, the heat at heat exchanger place can be transported to surrounding environment.In some other embodiments, at pumping liquid CO 2afterwards, the heat at heat exchanger place can be transported to the CO of condensation and liquefaction 2reversion stream, as described below.
As previously alluded, the hot cooling class of magnetic comprises heat exchanger 212 further, and wherein, magnetic apparatus for cooling 211 is configured to heat exchanger 212 and provides cooling.In one embodiment, heat exchanger 212 is in fluid with one or more cooling class 110 with one or more compression stage 120 and is communicated with.In one embodiment, heat exchanger 212 with at the CO partly cooled compressed and cooling step 11 produces 2stream 201 is in fluid and is communicated with.
In certain embodiments, magnetic apparatus for cooling 211 is configured to heat exchanger 212 and provides cooling, makes the CO partly cooled 2stream 201 is cooled to the second temperature.In one embodiment, the scope of the second temperature is about 0 degree Celsius to approximately-25 degrees Celsius.In one embodiment, the scope of the second temperature is about 5 degrees Celsius to approximately-20 degrees Celsius.As previously alluded, the CO cooled in the hot cooling class of magnetic cooling segment 2the step 13 of stream can produce the CO of cooling 2stream.
In certain embodiments, magnetic apparatus for cooling 211 is configured to heat exchanger 212 and provides cooling, makes the CO partly cooled 2stream 201 is cooled to the second temperature, makes CO 2from the CO of cooling 2stream condensation.As previously alluded, in certain embodiments, method comprises CO 2stream 101 scopes of being compressed to are the pressure of about 20 bar to about 40 bar.As indicated in Figure 10, under the stress level of 40 bar, CO 2condensation at the temperature of 5 DEG C.In addition, as indicated in Figure 10, under the stress level of 20 bar, CO 2condensation at the temperature of-20 DEG C.
In one embodiment, method comprises further, in step 13 place, makes the CO of cooling 2cO in stream 2condensation at the second temperature at least partially, thus from cooling CO 2condensation CO in stream 2, to form the CO of condensation 2stream 302.In one embodiment, method comprises the CO making cooling 2cO in stream 2be about 20 bar to condensation under the pressure of about 60 bar in scope at least partially.In one embodiment, method comprises the CO making cooling 2cO in stream 2be about 20 bar to condensation under the pressure of about 40 bar in scope at least partially.Therefore, in certain embodiments, method of the present invention advantageously allows CO 2condensation at lower pressures.
In certain embodiments, method comprises and performs following steps simultaneously: the CO of cooling segment ground cooling 2flow the CO to form cooling 2stream 12, and from the CO cooled 2condensation CO in stream 13 2.In some other embodiments, method comprises and performs following steps in order: the CO of cooling segment ground cooling 2flow the CO to form cooling 2stream 12, and from cooling CO 2condensation CO in stream 13 2.
As indicated in Fig. 3, in certain embodiments, can from the CO partly cooled in heat exchanger 212 2the CO of cooling is produced in stream 201 2stream.In such embodiments, the CO of cooling 2cO in stream 2part condensation in the heat generator itself, thus form the CO of condensation 2stream 302, as indicated in Fig. 3.
In some other embodiments, as shown in Figure 4 middle finger, from the CO partly cooled in heat exchanger 212 2the CO of cooling is produced in stream 201 2stream 301.Method comprises further by the CO of cooling 2stream 301 is delivered to condenser 213, as shown in Figure 4 middle finger.In such embodiments, the CO of cooling 2cO in stream 301 2part condensation in condenser 213, and form the CO of condensation 2stream 302, as shown in Figure 4 middle finger.
In certain embodiments, method comprises and makes CO 2at least about CO of 95 % by weight in stream 101 2condensation, to form the CO of condensation 2stream 302.In certain embodiments, method comprises and makes CO 2at least about CO of 90 % by weight in stream 101 2condensation, to form the CO of condensation 2stream 302.In certain embodiments, method comprises and makes CO 2in stream 101 50 % by weight to about CO of 90 % by weight 2condensation, to form the CO of condensation 2stream 302.In certain embodiments, method comprises and makes CO 2at least about CO of 99 % by weight in stream 101 2condensation, to form the CO of condensation 2stream 302.
In certain embodiments, as previously alluded, CO 2stream 101 comprises one or more compositions besides co 2 further.In certain embodiments, method is included in the cooling of magnetic heat (step 12) and CO further alternatively 2after the step of condensation (step 13), produce lean stream (being indicated by dotted arrow 202).Term " dilution (lean) stream " 202 represents wherein CO 2content is lower than CO 2cO in stream 101 2the stream of content.In certain embodiments, as previously alluded, CO 2nearly all CO in stream 2all condensations in step 13.In such embodiments, CO 2lean stream is not substantially containing CO 2.In some other embodiments, as previously alluded, CO 2a part for stream can in not condensation in step 13, and lean stream can comprise uncooled CO 2admixture of gas.
In certain embodiments, lean stream 202 can comprise one or more uncondensable compositions, and it can not condensation in step 13.In certain embodiments, lean stream 202 can comprise one or more liquid components.In such embodiments, lean stream can be configured to be in fluid with liquid-gas separator further and is communicated with.In certain embodiments, what lean stream 202 can comprise in nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur dioxide is one or more.
In certain embodiments, method can be included in step 11 further before to CO 2stream 101 dehumidifying.In certain embodiments, method can be included in before step 11 further and after step 12 to the CO partly cooled 2stream 201 dehumidifying.In certain embodiments, system 100 can comprise further and being configured to and CO 2stream 101 is in the dehumidifier (not shown) that stream is communicated with.In certain embodiments, system 100 can comprise further and being configured to and CO 2stream 101 is in the dehumidifier (not shown) that stream is communicated with.
In certain embodiments, method comprises the CO making condensation further 2stream 302 is recycled to for cooling CO 2one or more cooling class of stream.As indicated in Fig. 5, method comprises the CO being made condensation by closed circuit 303 further 2stream is recycled to heat exchanger 113.In such embodiments, method comprises backflow (recuperation) step further, wherein, and the CO of condensation 2stream loops back, with the CO cooled with taking a step forward cooling segment at the hot cooling step 12 of magnetic 2stream 201.In certain embodiments, reflow step can improve the efficiency of the hot step of magnetic.
In certain embodiments, the CO of condensation is made 2be back to the CO that stream heat exchanger 113 can make partly to cool 2stream 201 is cooled to lower than making CO 2temperature needed for condensation.In certain embodiments, method can comprise the CO making partly to cool further 2cO in stream 201 2condensation, to form the condensation CO through backflow 2stream 501, as indicated in Fig. 5.
In certain embodiments, method comprises use pump 300 further to improve the CO of condensation 2the pressure of stream 302, as indicated in Fig. 3.In the embodiment comprising reflow step, method can comprise further use pump 300 improve through backflow condensation CO 2the pressure of stream 501, as indicated in Fig. 5.In certain embodiments, method comprises and makes condensation CO 2stream 302 or the condensation CO through backflow 2the pressure of stream 502 brings up to CO 2seal up for safekeeping or pressure desired by final utilization.In certain embodiments, method comprises and makes condensation CO 2stream 302 or the condensation CO through backflow 2it is the pressure of about 150 bar to about 180 bar that the pressure of stream 502 brings up to scope.
In certain embodiments, method produces pressurization CO after being included in pumping step further 2stream 401.In certain embodiments, method produces supercritical CO after being included in pumping step further 2stream 401.In certain embodiments, as previously alluded, pressurization CO can be used 2stream 401 carries out strengthening oil recovery, CO 2store or CO 2seal up for safekeeping.
In certain embodiments, be provided for from carbon dioxide (CO 2) flow condensation CO in 101 2system 100, as shown in Fig. 3-9.In one embodiment, system 100 comprise be configured to receive CO 2one or more compression stages 120 of stream 101.System 100 comprises the one or more cooling class 110 being in fluid with one or more compression stage 120 and being communicated with further.In one embodiment, one or more compression stage 120 becomes compression CO with the composite construction of one or more cooling class 110 2stream 101, and by CO 2stream 101 is cooled to the first temperature, with the CO that cools of forming section ground 2stream 201.
In one embodiment, system 100 comprises the hot cooling class 200 of magnetic further, the CO that the hot cooling class 200 of magnetic cools with being configured to receiving unit 2stream 201, and the CO that will partly cool 2stream 201 is cooled to the second temperature, to form the CO of cooling 2stream 301.As previously alluded, the hot cooling class 200 of magnetic comprises heat exchanger 212 further, and wherein, magnetic apparatus for cooling 211 is configured to heat exchanger 212 and provides cooling.In one embodiment, heat exchanger 212 is in fluid with one or more cooling class 110 with one or more compression stage 120 and is communicated with.
As previously alluded, in certain embodiments, heat exchanger 212 is configured to make partly to cool CO 2cO in stream 201 2a part of condensation, to form the CO of condensation 2stream 302.In some other embodiments, system 100 comprises condensation stage 213 further, and condensation stage 213 is configured to the CO making cooling 2cO in stream 301 2part condensation at the second temperature, thus from cooling CO 2condensation CO in stream 301 2, to form the CO of condensation 2stream 302.
In certain embodiments, system 100 comprises pump 300 further, and pump 300 is configured to the CO receiving condensation 2stream 302, and the CO improving condensation 2the pressure of stream 302.In certain embodiments, system comprises the CO being configured to make condensation further 2a part for stream 302 is recycled to the closed circuit 303 of one or more cooling class 110.
Consider above content, further describe herein according to exemplary embodiments more of the present invention for from CO 2condensation CO in stream 2system and method.Forward now Fig. 2 and 3 to, in one embodiment, provide from CO 2the method 20 of carbon dioxide condensation in stream 101.In one embodiment, method comprises, and in step 21 place, in the first cooling class comprising First Heat Exchanger 111, cools CO 2stream 101, with the CO cooled with forming Part I 2stream 102.In one embodiment, method comprises, in step 22 place, and the CO cooled with compressing Part I in the first compressor 121 2stream 102, to form the first compression CO 2stream 103.In one embodiment, method comprises, and in step 23 place, cools the first compression CO in the second cooling class comprising the second heat exchanger 112 2stream 103, with the CO cooled with forming Part II 2stream 104.In one embodiment, method comprises, in step 24 place, and the CO cooled with compressing Part II in the second compressor 122 2stream 104, to form the second compression CO 2stream 105.In one embodiment, method comprises, in step 25 place, in the 3rd cooling class comprising the 3rd heat exchanger 113, by the second compression CO 2stream 105 is cooled to the first temperature, with the CO that cools of forming section ground 2stream 201.
In one embodiment, method 20 comprises, in step 26 place, by using the magnetic heat cooling of the hot cooling class 200 of magnetic, by the CO partly cooled 2stream 201 is cooled to the second temperature, to form the CO of cooling 2stream (not shown).In certain embodiments, the hot cooling class of magnetic 200 comprises heat exchanger 212 and outside magnetic apparatus for cooling 211.In certain embodiments, magnetic apparatus for cooling 211 is configured to heat exchanger 212 and provides cooling, as indicated in Fig. 3.
In one embodiment, method comprises, and in step 27 place, makes the CO of cooling 2cO in stream 2condensation at the second temperature at least partially, thus from cooling CO 2condensation CO in stream 2, to form the CO of condensation 2stream 302.As previously alluded, in certain embodiments, in heat exchanger 212 from the CO partly cooled 2the CO of cooling is produced in stream 201 2stream.In such embodiments, the CO of cooling 2cO in stream 2part condensation in the heat generator itself, thus form the CO of condensation 2stream 302, as indicated in Fig. 3.
In certain embodiments, method comprises use pump 300 further to improve the CO of condensation 2the pressure of stream 302, as indicated in Fig. 3.In certain embodiments, method produces pressurization CO after being included in pumping step further 2stream 401.In certain embodiments, as previously alluded, pressurize CO 2stream 401 can be used for strengthening oil recovery, CO 2store or CO 2seal up for safekeeping.
Forward Fig. 4 to now, in one embodiment, be provided for from CO 2condensation CO in stream 101 2method and system.Method and system is similar to the system and method shown in Fig. 3, and in addition, method comprises further by the CO of cooling 2stream 301 is delivered to condenser 213, as shown in Figure 4 middle finger.In such embodiments, the CO of cooling 2cO in stream 301 2part condensation in condenser 213, and form the CO of condensation 2stream 302, as shown in Figure 4 middle finger.
Forward Fig. 5 to now, in one embodiment, be provided for from CO 2condensation CO in stream 101 2method and system.Method and system is similar to the system and method shown in Fig. 3, and in addition, method comprises the CO making condensation further 2a part for stream 302 is recycled to the 3rd heat exchanger 113 by closed circuit 303.As previously alluded, in certain embodiments, the CO of condensation 2flow back to and flow to heat exchanger 113 and can make the second compression CO 2stream 105 is cooled to lower than making CO 2temperature needed for condensation.In certain embodiments, method can comprise further and makes the second compression CO 2cO in stream 105 2condensation, to form the condensation CO through backflow 2stream 501, as indicated in Fig. 5.
Forward Fig. 6 to now, in one embodiment, provide from CO 2condensation CO in stream 101 2method and system.Method and system is similar to the system and method shown in Fig. 4, and in addition, method comprises the CO making condensation further 2a part for stream is recycled to the 3rd heat exchanger 113 by closed circuit 303.As previously alluded, in certain embodiments, the CO of condensation 2be back to heat exchanger 113 and can make the second compression CO 2stream 105 is cooled to lower than making CO 2temperature needed for condensation.In certain embodiments, method can comprise further and makes the second compression CO 2cO in stream 105 2condensation, to form the condensation CO through backflow 2stream 501, as indicated in Fig. 6.
Forward Fig. 7 to now, in one embodiment, provide from CO 2condensation CO in stream 101 2method and system.Method and system is similar to the system and method shown in Fig. 3, and in addition, method comprises further makes pressurization CO 2a part for stream 401 is recycled to the 3rd heat exchanger 113 by closed circuit 403.As previously alluded, in certain embodiments, pressurize CO 2stream 401 is back to the 3rd heat exchanger 113 can make the second compression CO 2stream 105 is cooled to lower than making CO 2temperature needed for condensation.In certain embodiments, method can comprise further and makes the second compression CO 2cO in stream 105 2condensation, to form the condensation CO through backflow 2stream 501, as indicated in Fig. 7.
Forward Fig. 8 to now, in one embodiment, illustrate from CO 2condensation CO in stream 101 2method and system.Method and system is similar to the system and method shown in Fig. 3, and in addition, method is included in the CO cooled with forming Part III in the 3rd heat exchanger 113 further 2stream 106.Method comprises by before the hot cooling step of magnetic further, the CO cooled with making Part III 2stream 106 expands in one or more expander 123, the CO cooled with making Part III 2stream 106 is cooled to the first temperature, with the CO that cools of forming section ground 2stream 201, as indicated in Fig. 8.
Forward Fig. 9 to now, in one embodiment, illustrate from CO 2condensation CO in stream 101 2method and system.Method and system is similar to the system and method shown in Fig. 8, and in addition, the 3rd cooling class comprises the 4th heat exchanger 114 further, and method comprises further and makes pressurization CO 2a part for stream 401 is recycled to the 4th heat exchanger 114 by closed circuit 403.Method comprises the CO cooled with forming Part IV before the expansion step further 2stream 107, and by the CO that cools of Part IV ground 2stream 107 is sent to the 4th heat exchanger 114.As previously alluded, in certain embodiments, pressurize CO 2stream 401 is back to the CO that the 4th heat exchanger 114 cools with can making Part IV 2stream 107 is cooled to lower than making CO 2temperature needed for condensation.In certain embodiments, method can comprise the CO cooled with making Part IV further 2cO in stream 107 2condensation, to form the condensation CO through backflow 2stream 501, as indicated in Fig. 9.
As previously alluded, some embodiments of the present invention advantageously allow supercritical CO 2be cooled to lower temperature, then make it than condensation under by obtainable those the lower pressure of traditional cooling means (such as steam compressed).Be not bound by any theory restrictions, believe compression supercritical CO 2pumping liquid CO may do not had 2so efficient.Thus, in certain embodiments, method reduces not CO so efficiently 2the loss of compression step.In certain embodiments, method reduces CO by the efficiency improving compression and pumping system 2the total losses of liquefaction and pumping.In certain embodiments, the hot cooling class of magnetic can make loss be reduced beyond 10%.In certain embodiments, the hot cooling class of magnetic can make loss be reduced beyond 20%.In certain embodiments, by using one or more embodiment of the method described herein to improve single unit system efficiency.
In addition, some embodiments of the present invention advantageously allow to improve CO 2the scope of the operability of compression and liquefaction system.At traditional CO 2compression and liquefaction system in, the environment temperature of cooling-air or cooling water can limit the scope of operability.Supercritical CO 2may not higher than about 32 DEG C of (CO 2critical-temperature) temperature under liquefy.Thus, when environment temperature is higher than 30 DEG C, may be difficult to make CO when there is no extra external refrigeration 2liquefaction.In certain embodiments, magnetic cooling step advantageously can allow CO 2be cooled to subcritical range, thus compression and liquefaction system can be run under any ambient conditions.
This written description uses the open the present invention of example, comprises optimal mode, and enables any person skilled in the art put into practice the present invention, comprise and manufacture and use any device or system, and carry out the method for any combination.Patentable scope of the present invention is defined by the claims, and can comprise other example that those skilled in the art expect.If other such example has the structural element of the literal language not differing from claim, if or they comprise and the equivalent structural elements of the literal language of claim without substantial differences, then within the scope that they are intended to be in claim.

Claims (20)

1. one kind from carbon dioxide (CO 2) condensation CO in stream 2method, comprising:
I () is compressed and is cooled described CO 2stream, with the CO that cools of forming section ground 2stream, wherein, the described CO partly cooled 2stream is cooled to the first temperature;
(ii) cooled the described CO partly cooled by magnetic heat 2stream is cooled to the second temperature, to form the CO of cooling 2stream; And
(iii) CO of described cooling is made 2cO in stream 2condensation at least partially, to form the CO of condensation 2stream.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, step (iii) scope of being included in is about 20 bar under the pressure of about 60 bar, makes the CO of described cooling 2cO in stream 2condensation at least partially.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, step (iii) scope of being included in is about 20 bar under the pressure of about 40 bar, makes the CO of described cooling 2cO in stream 2condensation at least partially.
4. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the scope of described first temperature is about 5 degrees Celsius to about 35 degrees Celsius.
5. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the scope of described second temperature is about 0 degree Celsius to approximately-25 degrees Celsius.
6. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, step (i) comprises use and comprises one or more cooling class of one or more heat exchanger to cool described CO 2stream.
7. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, comprises the CO making described condensation further 2a part for stream is recycled to for cooling described CO 2one or more cooling class of stream.
8. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, step (i) comprises by making described CO 2stream expands, by described CO in one or more expander 2stream is cooled to described first temperature.
9. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, step (ii) comprise use rotary magnetic apparatus for cooling cool described in the CO that partly cools 2stream.
10. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, comprises further and uses pump to improve the CO of described condensation 2the pressure of stream, to form pressurization CO 2stream.
11. 1 kinds from carbon dioxide (CO 2) condensation CO in stream 2method, comprising:
I () cools described CO in the first cooling class comprising First Heat Exchanger 2stream, with the CO cooled with forming Part I 2stream;
(ii) CO cooled with compressing described Part I 2stream, to form the first compression CO 2stream;
(iii) in the second cooling class comprising the second heat exchanger, described first compression CO is cooled 2stream, with the CO cooled with forming Part II 2stream;
(iv) CO cooled with compressing described Part II 2stream, to form the second compression CO 2stream;
V (), in the 3rd cooling class comprising the 3rd heat exchanger, compresses CO by described second 2stream is cooled to the first temperature, with the CO that cools of forming section ground 2stream;
(vi) cooled the described CO partly cooled by magnetic heat 2stream is cooled to the second temperature, to form the CO of cooling 2stream; And
(vii) CO of described cooling is made 2cO in stream 2condensation at described second temperature at least partially, thus from the CO of described cooling 2condensation CO in stream 2, to form the CO of condensation 2stream.
12. methods according to claim 11, is characterized in that, comprise the CO making described condensation further 2a part for stream is recycled to described 3rd heat exchanger.
13. methods according to claim 11, is characterized in that, described 3rd cooling class comprises expander further, and step (v) comprises further by making described second compression CO 2stream expands, by described CO in described expander 2stream is cooled to the first temperature.
14. methods according to claim 13, is characterized in that, described 3rd cooling class comprises the 4th heat exchanger further, and described method comprises the CO making described condensation further 2a part for stream is recycled to described 4th heat exchanger.
15. 1 kinds for from carbon dioxide (CO 2) condensation CO in stream 2system, comprising:
I () is configured to receive described CO 2one or more compression stages of stream;
(ii) one or more cooling class that fluid is communicated with are in described one or more compression stage,
Wherein, described one or more compression stage becomes the described CO of compression with the composite construction of described one or more cooling class 2stream, and make described CO 2stream is cooled to the first temperature, with the CO that cools of forming section ground 2stream;
(iii) the hot cooling class of magnetic, it is configured to the CO partly cooled described in reception 2stream, and by the described CO partly cooled 2stream is cooled to the second temperature, to form the CO of cooling 2stream; And
(iv) condensation stage, it is configured to the CO making described cooling 2cO in stream 2part condensation at described second temperature, thus from the CO of described cooling 2condensation CO in stream 2, to form the CO of condensation 2stream.
16. systems according to claim 15, is characterized in that, the hot cooling class of described magnetic comprises magnetic apparatus for cooling and heat exchanger,
Wherein, described heat exchanger is in fluid with described one or more cooling class with described one or more compression stage and is communicated with.
17. systems according to claim 15, is characterized in that, comprise the CO being configured to receive described condensation further 2stream and improve the CO of described condensation 2the pump of the pressure of stream.
18. systems according to claim 15, is characterized in that, described one or more cooling class comprises expander further.
19. systems according to claim 15, is characterized in that, described one or more cooling class comprises and is configured to use air, water or their combination to cool described CO 2one or more heat exchangers of stream.
20. systems according to claim 15, is characterized in that, comprise the CO being configured to make described condensation further 2a part for stream is recycled to the closed circuit of described one or more cooling class.
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