CN104470187A - Double-pole electric arc plasma torch used for water pyrolysis - Google Patents
Double-pole electric arc plasma torch used for water pyrolysis Download PDFInfo
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- CN104470187A CN104470187A CN201410639315.0A CN201410639315A CN104470187A CN 104470187 A CN104470187 A CN 104470187A CN 201410639315 A CN201410639315 A CN 201410639315A CN 104470187 A CN104470187 A CN 104470187A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a plasma torch, in particular to a double-pole electric arc plasma torch used for water pyrolysis. The double-pole electric arc plasma torch is composed of a backseat, a cathode, a spiral fluid director, a middle electrode assembly, an insulating connecting piece and an anode assembly. A water supply flow guide pipe and a cathode connecting rod are arranged in a revolution body of the backseat; the cathode is composed of a microporous membrane cathode head and a cathode sleeve, and micropores of the microporous membrane cathode head form a filtering channel for water molecules; the middle electrode assembly comprises a middle electrode and an annular electrode; the cathode is connected to the front end of the cathode connecting rod, the spiral fluid director is installed on the backseat, the middle electrode assembly is connected between the spiral fluid director and the insulating connecting piece, and an anode sleeve and an anode are installed at the front end of the insulating connecting piece; the head of the cathode enters the entrance space in the rear end of the middle electrode, a first discharging area is formed by the entrance space in the rear end of the middle electrode, and a second discharging area is formed by the space between the annular electrode and the rear end of the anode. The higher processing temperature of the plasma torch can be reached, and the heating efficiency and the decomposition capacity of the plasma torch are improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to plasma apparatus, particularly relate to a kind of plasma torch.
Background technology
Current, plasma technology is widely used, is industrially applied to plasma ignition, plasma spraying, metal smelt, heating plasma manufacture nano material, cutting, the process of waste incineration refuse etc.Processing mode and the general mode of plasma are made a world of difference, plasma is a kind of state formed under ionosphere or electric discharge phenomena, will generate excited atom, excite molecule, reaction that the chemicals of the activity chemistry thing of dissociation atom, free atomic group, atom or molecular ion group and they and other collide and cause along with electric discharge phenomena.In plasma generator, discharge process makes work gas molecule lose outer-shell electron and form ionic condition, produces high temperature through mutually colliding, and temperature can reach more than several ten thousand degree.
Plasma pyrolysis water hydrogen producing technology is one of water hydrogen manufacturing candidate technologies put forward recent years, because water is a kind of material of quite stable, in atmospheric conditions, temperature hydrone when 2000K decomposes hardly, the water of 25% is had to decompose during 2500K, during 3400 ~ 3500K, the molar fraction of hydrogen and oxygen reaches maximum, be respectively 18% and 6%, when temperature reaches more than 4200K, hydrone all will be decomposed into hydrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, oxygen and hydrogen-oxygen atomic group, general mode of heating is difficult to reach so high temperature, use plasma torch then can accomplish.When being input in the gasification furnace of house refuse or industrial organic wastes after water is decomposed by plasma torch, gas making reaction is carried out with house refuse or industrial organic wastes, make the synthesis gas quality better that house refuse or industrial organic wastes transform, reach the requirement of industrial chemicals, synthesis gas, again by rear class device fabrication methyl alcohol or dimethyl ether product, realizes resource and pollution-free process house refuse and industrial organic wastes; As utilized plasma torch to spray into again in gasification furnace after water heat resolve on coal gasification production line, chemical reaction is carried out with coal, the reaction occurred is exothermic reaction, gasification furnace is made not need input air or comburant oxygen, improve the rate of gasification of coal, and in the synthesis gas produced, the fraction scale of hydrogen is high, and the content of waste gas is low, realizes energy-saving and emission-reduction.
The negative electrode of plasma torch is the parts of electron emission, and because the high temperature of the impact and tens thousand of degree of bearing electric current burns, therefore, the head of negative electrode is easy to ablated and causes damage, not only affects production, and increases production cost.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of two stage electric arc plasma torch for pyrolysis water, make the treatment temperature that plasma torch reaches higher, improve the efficiency of heating surface and the capacity of decomposition of plasma torch, be applied in the gasification furnace of house refuse, industrial organic wastes gasification furnace or coal gasification apparatus, improve the quality of rate of gasification and raising synthesis gas, and make negative electrode not easily ablated, overcome the shortcoming that the negative electrode of existing plasma torch is easily ablated, to extend the life cycle of plasma torch, enhance productivity and save production cost.
A kind of two stage electric arc plasma torch for pyrolysis water of the present invention, it is characterized in that spray gun is by back seat (1), negative electrode (2), spiral stream guidance device (3), target assembly, insulated connecting piece (10) and anode assemblies composition, wherein, back seat (1) is rotary structure, water supply mozzle (1-3) and cathode connecting bar (1-4) is had in the revolving body of back seat (1), cathode connecting bar (1-4) is pipe body structure, water supply mozzle (1-3) is among cathode connecting bar (1-4), the front end of water supply mozzle (1-3) is stretched out from cathode connecting bar (1-4), in the pipe of water supply mozzle (1-3), space forms cooling water channel (Ⅹ IV), space between the outer wall of water supply mozzle (1-3) and cathode connecting bar (1-4) inwall forms cooling backwater passage (Ⅹ III), negative electrode (2) is made up of microporous barrier cathode taps (2-2) and cathode sheath (2-1), microporous barrier cathode taps (2-2) is metal powder sintered miillpore filter structure, micropore between metal dust forms the filtration channel of hydrone, the back-end central of microporous barrier cathode taps (2-2) has conical groove (Ⅻ), groove (Ⅻ) forms water source entrance, cathode sheath (2-1) is open circles barred body structure, microporous barrier cathode taps (2-2) is embedded in the front portion of cathode sheath (2-1), the head of microporous barrier cathode taps (2-2) stretches out from the front end of cathode sheath (2-1), the interior space of cathode sheath (2-1) forms hydroecium (III), spiral stream guidance device (3) is rotary structure, has spiral stream guidance rib (3-1) in the revolving body of spiral stream guidance device (3), and the pitch space of spiral stream guidance rib (3-1) forms spiral stream guidance passage (II), target assembly comprises target cover (4), target (5), nested (6) and annular electrode (7), target cover (4) is rotary structure, target (5) is venturi nozzle structure, nested (6) are rotary structure, annular electrode (7) is torus structure, the front end of annular electrode (7) is embedded in the front end of nested (6), the rear end of annular electrode (7) is embedded into the venturi nozzle front end of target (5), target (5), nested (6) and annular electrode (7) are arranged in target cover (4), target (5) and the outer of annular electrode (7) are with the first cooling jacket (Ⅸ), wall body and the wall body of nested (6) of target cover (4) form the outer wall of the first cooling jacket (Ⅸ), first cooling jacket (Ⅸ) has coolant inlet (4-3) to access and coolant outlet (4-1) picks out, anode assemblies comprises anode jacket (8) and anode (9), anode jacket (8) is cylindrical structure, anode (9) is venturi nozzle structure, anode (9) is arranged in anode jacket (8) with embedded mode, space between anode (9) outer wall and anode jacket (8) inwall forms the second cooling jacket (VIII), and the second cooling jacket (VIII) has cooling water inlet (8-2) to access and coolant outlet (8-1) picks out, negative electrode (2) is connected to cathode connecting bar (1-4) front end of back seat (1), the rear end of spiral stream guidance device (3) is arranged on back seat (1), target assembly is connected between the front end of spiral stream guidance device (3) and the rear end of insulated connecting piece (10), and anode jacket (8) takes the front end that anode (9) is arranged on insulated connecting piece (10), negative electrode (2) passes from the interior space of spiral stream guidance device (3), the head of negative electrode (2) enters into the venturi nozzle entrance space of target (5) rear end, the venturi nozzle entrance space of target (5) rear end forms the first region of discharge, the venturi nozzle aditus laryngis of target (5) forms the first compression duct (Ⅺ), and the venturi nozzle expansion segment space of target (5) forms the first spray chamber (Ⅹ), space between the venturi nozzle entrance of annular electrode (7) and anode (9) rear end forms the second region of discharge, the venturi nozzle aditus laryngis of anode (9) forms the second compression duct (VII), and the venturi nozzle expansion segment space of anode (9) forms the second spray chamber (VI), air chamber (I) is had in the revolving body of back seat (1) or in the revolving body of spiral stream guidance device (3), air chamber (I) has work gas input interface (1-1) to access, air chamber (I) is communicated to the first region of discharge of target (5) rear end by spiral stream guidance passage (II), first region of discharge is communicated to the first spray chamber (Ⅹ) by the first compression duct (Ⅺ), and the first spray chamber (Ⅹ) is communicated to the second spray chamber (VI) by the second region of discharge and the second compression duct (VII), air cavity (IV) is had in the revolving body of target cover (4) or in insulated connecting piece (10), air cavity (IV) has work gas import (4-2) to access, gas channel is had between air cavity (IV) and the second region of discharge, air cavity (IV) is communicated to the second region of discharge by gas channel, and the second region of discharge is communicated to the second spray chamber (VI) by the second compression duct (VII).
In the present invention, the delivery port of water supply mozzle (1-3) is the nozzle arrangements narrowed, and the delivery port of water supply mozzle (1-3) extend in the groove (Ⅻ) of microporous barrier cathode taps (2-2) rear end; Cooling water channel (Ⅹ IV) in water supply mozzle (1-3) has cooling water input interface (1-5) to access, cooling water channel (Ⅹ IV) is communicated to cooling backwater passage (Ⅹ III) by the groove (Ⅻ) of microporous barrier cathode taps (2-2) rear end and hydroecium (III), and cooling backwater passage (Ⅹ III) has cooling water output interface (1-6) to pick out; Have flange (2-3) outside the rear end of microporous barrier cathode taps (2-2), flange (2-3) forms the axial limit structure of microporous barrier cathode taps (2-2); The head of microporous barrier cathode taps (2-2) is that its cone angle (a) is 45 °-120 ° by the conical structure reduced before backward; The head end of microporous barrier cathode taps (2-2) is arc-shaped structure, and its arc radius (R) is 3mm-6mm; The wall body at cathode sheath (2-1) rear portion there is outer-hexagonal body (2-4), has connecting thread (2-5) in the rear end of cathode sheath (1-1); When there being connecting thread (2-5) in the rear end of cathode sheath (1-1), have screw socket in the front end of cathode connecting bar (1-4), the connecting thread (2-5) of cathode sheath (1-1) rear end screws in the screw socket of cathode connecting bar (1-4) front end; When air chamber (I) is arranged in the revolving body of back seat (1), the space between the outer wall of cathode connecting bar (1-4) and back seat (1) outer wall body forms air chamber (I), and work gas input interface (1-1) is arranged on the outer wall body of back seat (1); When air chamber (I) is arranged in the revolving body of spiral stream guidance device (3), form air chamber (I) by the space between the outer wall of cathode connecting bar (1-4) and the inwall of spiral stream guidance device (3), work gas input interface (1-1) is arranged on the wall body of spiral stream guidance device (3); The position of spiral stream guidance rib (3-1) front end is by the structure narrowed before backward, be connected with the entrance of the venturi nozzle rear end of target (5) is smoothing, spiral stream guidance rib (3-1) front end form constraint mouth (Ⅹ V) by space in narrowing before backward; There is tenon seat the venturi nozzle front end of target (5), there is front tenon the front end of annular electrode (7), there is rear tenon the rear end of annular electrode (7), the front tenon of annular electrode (7) is embedded in nested (6), the rear tenon of annular electrode (7) is embedded in the tenon seat of venturi nozzle, and the venturi nozzle rear end of target (5) is embedded in the rear end of target cover (4); The wall body of nested (6) rear end there is installation screw thread, the wall body of target cover (4) has screw thread notch, in the installation threaded engagement of nested (6) rear end screw thread notch on target cover (4) wall body; The outside wall body of nested (6) has spiral rib (6-1), the pitch space of spiral rib (6-1) forms eddy flow passage (V), and eddy flow passage (V) substitutes the gas channel between air cavity (IV) and the second region of discharge.
In the present invention, the metal dust of microporous barrier cathode taps (2-2) selects the material of tungsten (W) powder and the mixing of nickel-sulfur alloy (Ni-S) powder, sinter tungsten nickel pseudo-alloy part into, when firing, tungsten (W), nickel-sulfur alloy (Ni-S) neither dissolve mutually, also do not form intermetallic compound, and the pseudo-alloy formed is organized as two phase structures of tungsten particle, nickel-sulfur alloy particle, there is micro-pore in pseudo-alloy tissue, there is filtered water molecular function and catalysis.During embody rule, microporous barrier cathode taps (2-2) selects the material of tungsten (W) powder and the mixing of nickel-sulfur alloy (Ni-S) powder, sinter tungsten nickel pseudo-alloy part into, not only there is the characteristic of refractory metal, and nickel-sulfur alloy (Ni-S) decomposition to hydrone wherein has catalytic action, hydrone is more easily decomposed, improves resolution ratio and save the energy.
When above-mentioned invention is applied, adopt deionized water as raw water, one road raw water cooling water of holding concurrently enters into cooling water channel (Ⅹ IV) in water supply mozzle (1-3) by cooling water input interface (1-5), delivery port (1-2) through water supply mozzle (1-3) front end enters into the groove (Ⅻ) of microporous barrier cathode taps (2-2) rear end, part water penetrates into outer surface by the micro-pore of microporous barrier cathode taps (2-2), another part water is as cooling agent or cleaning agent, after absorbing the heat of negative electrode (2), take impurity and enter into cooling backwater passage (Ⅹ III) by hydroecium (III), then turn back in the loop of cooling system by cooling water output interface (1-6), another road cooling water enters into the first cooling jacket (Ⅸ) by coolant inlet (4-3), after absorbing the heat of target (5), then turns back in the loop of cooling system by coolant outlet (4-1), another road cooling water enters into the second cooling jacket (VIII) by cooling water inlet (8-2), after absorbing the heat of anode (9), then turns back in the loop of cooling system by coolant outlet (8-1), one road work gas enters into air chamber (I) by work gas input interface (1-1), then the first region of discharge is entered in a spiral manner by spiral stream guidance passage (II), the surface of the inswept microporous barrier cathode taps (2-2) of spiral air flow of work gas, the moisture infiltrated from microporous barrier cathode taps (2-2) is taken up, form spiral water smoke or water vapour, enter into the first region of discharge, another road work gas enters into air cavity (IV) by work gas import (4-2), then enters into the second region of discharge in a spiral manner by eddy flow passage (V).Back seat (1) is as the electrical fitting of negative electrode (2), anode jacket (8) is as the electrical fitting of anode (9), electric energy is applied between anode (9) and negative electrode (2), high frequency electric source is used to carry out striking, form circular arc discharge face (2-6) at the head end of negative electrode (2), on the venturi nozzle expansion segment inwall of target (5), form the first circular cone discharge face (5-1), between circular arc discharge face (2-6) and the first circular cone discharge face (5-1), produce first order high-temperature plasma electric arc; On the ring inwall of annular electrode (7), form annulus discharge face (7-1) simultaneously, on anode (9) venturi nozzle expansion segment inwall, form the second circular cone discharge face (9-1), between annulus discharge face (7-1) and the second circular cone discharge face (9-1), produce second level high-temperature plasma electric arc.The water smoke or the water vapour that enter into the first region of discharge mix with first order plasma arc, the first spray chamber (Ⅹ) is entered into by the first compression duct (Ⅺ), sprayed by the outlet of the first spray chamber (Ⅹ) again, by the second region of discharge, after mixing with first order high-temperature plasma electric arc, enter into the second spray chamber (VI) by the second compression duct (VII) again, then sprayed by the outlet of the second spray chamber (VI), form plasma flare and enter gasification furnace.In said process, when hydrone infiltrates from microporous barrier cathode taps (2-2), its macromolecular mass structure can be separated into small molecular cluster structure, hydrone is more easily decomposed, hydrone is in the process of osmosis from microporous barrier cathode taps (2-2) and when formation water smoke enters into the first region of discharge, hydrone is catalyzed, ionization and pyrolysis, be decomposed into hydrogen, oxygen and active hydrogen atom, active oxygen atom, the activity chemistry thing of reactive hydrogen oxygen atomic group, these activity chemistry things mix with first order high-temperature plasma electric arc, when proceeding to the second region of discharge by the first compression duct (Ⅺ) and the first spray chamber (Ⅹ), carry out second time ionization and pyrolysis, after hydrone is decomposed further, mix with second level high-temperature plasma electric arc, then sprayed from spray gun by the second compression duct (VII) and the second spray chamber (VI) and enter gasification furnace, when the activity chemistry thing of hydrone is by the first compression duct (Ⅺ) and the second compression duct (VII), can be heated up further again and aggravate to decompose, make the yield of target product higher.The present invention takes twin-stage high-temperature plasma electric arc to carry out heat resolve to hydrone, and water molecule energy is decomposed completely, improves the efficiency of resolution ratio and raising plasma torch.
Operationally, the high temperature that the head of negative electrode need bear rush of current and tens thousand of degree burns plasma torch, therefore, must effective cooling provision be taked could to increase the useful life of negative electrode by anticathode head.Microporous barrier cathode taps (2-2) of the present invention is metal powder sintered miillpore filter structure, micropore between metal dust forms the filtration channel of hydrone, moisture is full of in the micropore of microporous barrier cathode taps (2-2), when the temperature of microporous barrier cathode taps (2-2) raises, moisture in micropore is evaporated, steam turns to water vapour, the gasification latent heat of water is 2257kj/kg, therefore, most of heat of microporous barrier cathode taps (2-2) is absorbed by water vapor, fast heat is taken away, make microporous barrier cathode taps (2-2) play high efficiency cooling effect.In addition, the present invention is be made up of microporous barrier cathode taps (2-2) and cathode sheath (2-1) cathode design, microporous barrier cathode taps (2-2) is embedded in the wall body of cathode sheath (2-1), the interior space of cathode sheath (2-1) forms hydroecium (III), when cathode sheath (2-1) selects red copper material to make, because red copper material has excellent heat conductivility, therefore, microporous barrier cathode taps (2-2) is got back and is indirectly cooled, and cooling effect is strengthened.The present invention adopts work gas with the measure on inswept microporous barrier cathode taps (2-2) surface of spiral air flow; the position of spiral stream guidance rib (3-1) front end is designed to by constraint mouth (Ⅹ V) structure narrowed before backward; be connected with the venturi inlet of target (5) rear end is smoothing; work gas plays the effect of protection gas simultaneously; spiral air flow is under the effect of constraint mouth (Ⅹ V); the surface of level and smooth inswept microporous barrier cathode taps (2-2); do not have dead angle, available protecting microporous barrier cathode taps (2-2) is not ablated.The present invention has conical groove (Ⅻ) at the back-end central of microporous barrier cathode taps (2-2), and groove (Ⅻ) forms water source entrance, with the seepage discharge of the son that moisturizes.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: a kind of two stage electric arc plasma torch for pyrolysis water provided, make the treatment temperature that plasma torch reaches higher, improve the efficiency of heating surface of plasma torch and capacity of decomposition, to meet the application requirement of the hydrogen manufacturing of pyrolysis water, solid waste disposal and pernicious gas process field.The present invention is used in the gasification furnace of house refuse, industrial organic wastes gasification furnace or coal gasification apparatus, improve the quality of rate of gasification and raising synthesis gas, and overcome the shortcoming that the negative electrode of existing plasma torch is easily ablated, to extend the life cycle of plasma torch, enhance productivity and save production cost.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is a kind of two stage electric arc plasma torch configuration figure for pyrolysis water of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the microporous barrier cathode junction composition in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the spiral stream guidance device structure chart in Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is the nested structure figure in Fig. 1.
In figure: 1. back seat, 1-1. work gas input interface, the delivery port of 1-2. mozzle, 1-3. water supply mozzle, 1-4. cathode connecting bar, 1-5. cooling water input interface, 1-6. cooling water output interface, 2. negative electrode, 2-1. cathode sheath, 2-2. microporous barrier cathode taps, 2-3. flange, 2-4. outer-hexagonal body, 2-5. connecting thread, 2-6. circular arc discharge face, 3. spiral stream guidance device, 3-1. spiral stream guidance rib, the front mounting groove of 3-2. spiral stream guidance device, the rear mounting groove of 3-3. spiral stream guidance device, 4. target cover, 4-1. coolant outlet, the import of 4-2. work gas, 4-3. coolant inlet, 5. target, 5-1. first circular cone discharge face, 6. annular electrode is nested, 6-1. spiral rib, 7. annular electrode, 7-1. annulus discharge face, 8. anode jacket, 8-1. coolant outlet, 8-2. cooling water inlet, 9. anode, 9-1. second circular cone discharge face, 10. insulated connecting piece, 11. sealing gasket c, 12. sealing rings, 13. sealing gasket b, 14. sealing rings, 15. sealing gasket a, R. the arc radius of microporous barrier cathode taps, a. the cone angle of microporous barrier cathode taps, I. air chamber, II. spiral stream guidance passage, III. hydroecium, IV. air cavity, V. eddy flow passage, VI. the second spray chamber, VII. the second compression duct, VIII. the second cooling jacket, Ⅸ. the first cooling jacket, Ⅹ. the first spray chamber, Ⅺ. the first compression duct, Ⅻ. conical recess, Ⅹ III. cooling backwater passage, Ⅹ IV. cooling water channel, Ⅹ V. constraint mouth.
Embodiment
embodiment 1in execution mode shown in Fig. 1, a kind of two stage electric arc plasma torch for pyrolysis water is by back seat (1), negative electrode (2), spiral stream guidance device (3), target assembly, insulated connecting piece (10) and anode assemblies composition, wherein, back seat (1) is rotary structure, water supply mozzle (1-3) and cathode connecting bar (1-4) is had in the revolving body of back seat (1), cathode connecting bar (1-4) is pipe body structure, screw socket is had in the front end of cathode connecting bar (1-4), water supply mozzle (1-3) is among cathode connecting bar (1-4), the front end of water supply mozzle (1-3) is stretched out from cathode connecting bar (1-4), the delivery port of water supply mozzle (1-3) is the nozzle arrangements narrowed, the delivery port of water supply mozzle (1-3) extend in the groove (Ⅻ) of microporous barrier cathode taps (2-2) rear end, in the pipe of water supply mozzle (1-3), space forms cooling water channel (Ⅹ IV), space between the outer wall of water supply mozzle (1-3) and cathode connecting bar (1-4) inwall forms cooling backwater passage (Ⅹ III), cooling water channel (Ⅹ IV) has cooling water input interface (1-5) to access, cooling water channel (Ⅹ IV) is communicated to cooling backwater passage (Ⅹ III) by the groove (Ⅻ) of microporous barrier cathode taps (2-2) rear end and hydroecium (III), cooling backwater passage (Ⅹ III) has cooling water output interface (1-6) to pick out, space between the outer wall and back seat (1) outer wall body of cathode connecting bar (1-4) forms air chamber (I), air chamber (I) has work gas input interface (1-1) to access, work gas input interface (1-1) is arranged on the outer wall body of back seat (1), negative electrode (2) is made up of microporous barrier cathode taps (2-2) and cathode sheath (2-1), microporous barrier cathode taps (2-2) is metal powder sintered miillpore filter structure, micropore between metal dust forms the filtration channel of hydrone, the back-end central of microporous barrier cathode taps (2-2) has conical groove (Ⅻ), groove (Ⅻ) forms water source entrance, flange (2-3) is had outside the rear end of microporous barrier cathode taps (2-2), flange (2-3) forms the axial limit structure of microporous barrier cathode taps (2-2), the head of microporous barrier cathode taps (2-2) is by the conical structure reduced before backward, its cone angle (a) is 60 °, the head end of microporous barrier cathode taps (2-2) is arc-shaped structure, its arc radius (R) is 5mm, cathode sheath (2-1) is open circles barred body structure, microporous barrier cathode taps (2-2) is embedded in the front portion of cathode sheath (2-1), the head of microporous barrier cathode taps (2-2) stretches out from the front end of cathode sheath (2-1), the interior space of cathode sheath (2-1) forms hydroecium (III), the wall body at cathode sheath (2-1) rear portion there is outer-hexagonal body (2-4), has connecting thread (2-5) in the rear end of cathode sheath (1-1), spiral stream guidance device (3) is rotary structure, has spiral stream guidance rib (3-1) in the revolving body of spiral stream guidance device (3), and the pitch space of spiral stream guidance rib (3-1) forms spiral stream guidance passage (II), target assembly comprises target cover (4), target (5), nested (6) and annular electrode (7), target cover (4) is rotary structure, the wall body of target cover (4) has screw thread notch, target (5) is venturi nozzle structure, there is tenon seat the venturi nozzle front end of target (5), nested (6) are rotary structure, the wall body of nested (6) rear end there is installation screw thread, the outside wall body of nested (6) there is spiral rib (6-1), the pitch space of spiral rib (6-1) forms eddy flow passage (V), annular electrode (7) is torus structure, there is front tenon the front end of annular electrode (7), there is rear tenon the rear end of annular electrode (7), the front tenon of annular electrode (7) is embedded in the front end of nested (6), the rear tenon of annular electrode (7) is embedded into the venturi nozzle front end of target (5), target (5), nested (6) and annular electrode (7) are arranged in target cover (4), in the installation threaded engagement of nested (6) rear end screw thread notch on target cover (4) wall body, the venturi nozzle rear end of target (5) is embedded in the rear end of target cover (4), target (5) and the outer of annular electrode (7) are with the first cooling jacket (Ⅸ), wall body and the wall body of nested (6) of target cover (4) form the outer wall of the first cooling jacket (Ⅸ), first cooling jacket (Ⅸ) has coolant inlet (4-3) to access and coolant outlet (4-1) picks out, anode assemblies comprises anode jacket (8) and anode (9), anode jacket (8) is cylindrical structure, anode (9) is venturi nozzle structure, anode (9) is arranged in anode jacket (8) with embedded mode, space between anode (9) outer wall and anode jacket (8) inwall forms the second cooling jacket (VIII), and the second cooling jacket (VIII) has cooling water inlet (8-2) to access and coolant outlet (8-1) picks out, negative electrode (2) is connected to cathode connecting bar (1-4) front end of back seat (1), and the connecting thread (2-5) of cathode sheath (1-1) rear end screws in the screw socket of cathode connecting bar (1-4) front end, the rear end of spiral stream guidance device (3) is arranged on back seat (1), and target assembly is connected between the front end of spiral stream guidance device (3) and the rear end of insulated connecting piece (10), and anode jacket (8) takes the front end that anode (9) is arranged on insulated connecting piece (10), negative electrode (2) passes from the interior space of spiral stream guidance device (3), the head of negative electrode (2) enters into the venturi nozzle entrance space of target (5) rear end, the position of spiral stream guidance rib (3-1) front end is by the structure narrowed before backward, be connected with the entrance of the venturi nozzle rear end of target (5) is smoothing, spiral stream guidance rib (3-1) front end form constraint mouth (Ⅹ V) by space in narrowing before backward, the venturi nozzle entrance space of target (5) rear end forms the first region of discharge, the venturi nozzle aditus laryngis of target (5) forms the first compression duct (Ⅺ), and the venturi nozzle expansion segment space of target (5) forms the first spray chamber (Ⅹ), space between the venturi nozzle entrance of annular electrode (7) and anode (9) rear end forms the second region of discharge, the venturi nozzle aditus laryngis of anode (9) forms the second compression duct (VII), and the venturi nozzle expansion segment space of anode (9) forms the second spray chamber (VI), air chamber (I) is communicated to the first region of discharge of target (5) rear end by spiral stream guidance passage (II), first region of discharge is communicated to the first spray chamber (Ⅹ) by the first compression duct (Ⅺ), and the first spray chamber (Ⅹ) is communicated to the second spray chamber (VI) by the second region of discharge and the second compression duct (VII), air cavity (IV) is had in the revolving body of target cover (4) or in insulated connecting piece (10), air cavity (IV) has work gas import (4-2) to access, eddy flow passage (V) is had between air cavity (IV) and the second region of discharge, air cavity (IV) is communicated to the second region of discharge by eddy flow passage (V), and the second region of discharge is communicated to the second spray chamber (VI) by the second compression duct (VII).
In the present embodiment, spiral stream guidance device (3) and insulated connecting piece (10) select polytetrafluoroethylmaterial material or compression moulding bakelite material to make, other parts select metal material to make, wherein, the metal dust of microporous barrier cathode taps (2-2) selects the material of tungsten (W) powder and the mixing of nickel-sulfur alloy (Ni-S) powder, sinter tungsten nickel pseudo-alloy part into, when firing, tungsten (W), nickel-sulfur alloy (Ni-S) neither dissolves mutually, also intermetallic compound is not formed, the pseudo-alloy formed is organized as tungsten particle, two phase structures of nickel-sulfur alloy particle, micro-pore is there is in pseudo-alloy tissue, there is filtered water molecular function and catalysis.During embody rule, microporous barrier cathode taps (2-2) selects the material of tungsten (W) powder and the mixing of nickel-sulfur alloy (Ni-S) powder, sinter tungsten nickel pseudo-alloy part into, not only there is the characteristic of refractory metal, and nickel-sulfur alloy (Ni-S) decomposition to hydrone wherein has catalytic action, hydrone is more easily decomposed, improves resolution ratio and save the energy.
During the present embodiment application, adopt deionized water as raw water, one road raw water cooling water of holding concurrently enters into cooling water channel (Ⅹ IV) in water supply mozzle (1-3) by cooling water input interface (1-5), delivery port (1-2) through water supply mozzle (1-3) front end enters into the groove (Ⅻ) of microporous barrier cathode taps (2-2) rear end, part water penetrates into outer surface by the micro-pore of microporous barrier cathode taps (2-2), another part water is as cooling agent or cleaning agent, after absorbing the heat of negative electrode (2), take impurity and enter into cooling backwater passage (Ⅹ III) by hydroecium (III), then turn back in the loop of cooling system by cooling water output interface (1-6), another road cooling water enters into the first cooling jacket (Ⅸ) by coolant inlet (4-3), after absorbing the heat of target (5), then turns back in the loop of cooling system by coolant outlet (4-1), another road cooling water enters into the second cooling jacket (VIII) by cooling water inlet (8-2), after absorbing the heat of anode (9), then turns back in the loop of cooling system by coolant outlet (8-1), one road work gas enters into air chamber (I) by work gas input interface (1-1), then the first region of discharge is entered in a spiral manner by spiral stream guidance passage (II), the surface of the inswept microporous barrier cathode taps (2-2) of spiral air flow of work gas, the moisture infiltrated from microporous barrier cathode taps (2-2) is taken up, form spiral water smoke or water vapour, enter into the first region of discharge, another road work gas enters into air cavity (IV) by work gas import (4-2), then enters into the second region of discharge in a spiral manner by eddy flow passage (V).Back seat (1) is as the electrical fitting of negative electrode (2), anode jacket (8) is as the electrical fitting of anode (9), electric energy is applied between anode (9) and negative electrode (2), high frequency electric source is used to carry out striking, form circular arc discharge face (2-6) at the head end of negative electrode (2), on the venturi nozzle expansion segment inwall of target (5), form the first circular cone discharge face (5-1), between circular arc discharge face (2-6) and the first circular cone discharge face (5-1), produce first order high-temperature plasma electric arc; On the ring inwall of annular electrode (7), form annulus discharge face (7-1) simultaneously, on anode (9) venturi nozzle expansion segment inwall, form the second circular cone discharge face (9-1), between annulus discharge face (7-1) and the second circular cone discharge face (9-1), produce second level high-temperature plasma electric arc.The water smoke or the water vapour that enter into the first region of discharge mix with first order plasma arc, the first spray chamber (Ⅹ) is entered into by the first compression duct (Ⅺ), sprayed by the outlet of the first spray chamber (Ⅹ) again, by the second region of discharge, after mixing with first order high-temperature plasma electric arc, enter into the second spray chamber (VI) by the second compression duct (VII) again, then sprayed by the outlet of the second spray chamber (VI), form plasma flare and enter gasification furnace.In said process, when hydrone infiltrates from microporous barrier cathode taps (2-2), its macromolecular mass structure can be separated into small molecular cluster structure, hydrone is more easily decomposed, hydrone is in the process of osmosis from microporous barrier cathode taps (2-2) and when formation water smoke enters into the first region of discharge, hydrone is catalyzed, ionization and pyrolysis, be decomposed into hydrogen, oxygen and active hydrogen atom, active oxygen atom, the activity chemistry thing of reactive hydrogen oxygen atomic group, these activity chemistry things mix with first order high-temperature plasma electric arc, when proceeding to the second region of discharge by the first compression duct (Ⅺ) and the first spray chamber (Ⅹ), carry out second time ionization and pyrolysis, after hydrone is decomposed further, mix with second level high-temperature plasma electric arc, then sprayed from spray gun by the second compression duct (VII) and the second spray chamber (VI) and enter gasification furnace, when the activity chemistry thing of hydrone is by the first compression duct (Ⅺ) and the second compression duct (VII), can be heated up further again and aggravate to decompose, make the yield of target product higher.The present embodiment takes twin-stage high-temperature plasma electric arc to carry out heat resolve to hydrone, and water molecule energy is decomposed completely, improves the efficiency of resolution ratio and raising plasma torch.
The above embodiments operationally, micropore between metal dust forms the filtration channel of hydrone, moisture is full of in the micropore of microporous barrier cathode taps (2-2), when the temperature of microporous barrier cathode taps (2-2) raises, moisture in micropore is evaporated, and steam turns to water vapour, utilizes the gasification latent heat of water to absorb most of heat of microporous barrier cathode taps (2-2), fast heat is taken away, make microporous barrier cathode taps (2-2) play high efficiency cooling effect.Adopt work gas with the measure on inswept microporous barrier cathode taps (2-2) surface of spiral air flow; the position of spiral stream guidance rib (3-1) front end is designed to by constraint mouth (Ⅹ V) structure narrowed before backward; be connected with the venturi inlet of target (5) rear end is smoothing; work gas plays the effect of protection gas simultaneously; spiral air flow is under the effect of constraint mouth (Ⅹ V); the surface of level and smooth inswept microporous barrier cathode taps (2-2); do not have dead angle, available protecting microporous barrier cathode taps (2-2) is not ablated.Have conical groove (Ⅻ) at the back-end central of microporous barrier cathode taps (2-2), groove (Ⅻ) forms water source entrance, with the seepage discharge of the son that moisturizes.
The above embodiments are used in the gasification furnace of house refuse, industrial organic wastes gasification furnace or coal gasification apparatus, water is decomposed into the activity chemistry thing of hydrogen, oxygen and active hydrogen atom, active oxygen atom, reactive hydrogen oxygen atomic group by plasma pyrolysis water spray gun, as gasifying agent, mix with high-temperature plasma electric arc, spray into gasification furnace, carry out thermal chemical reaction with house refuse or industrial organic wastes or coal, generate the synthesis gas of high-quality, utilize as industrial chemicals.
Claims (9)
1. the two stage electric arc plasma torch for pyrolysis water, it is characterized in that spray gun is by back seat (1), negative electrode (2), spiral stream guidance device (3), target assembly, insulated connecting piece (10) and anode assemblies composition, wherein, back seat (1) is rotary structure, water supply mozzle (1-3) and cathode connecting bar (1-4) is had in the revolving body of back seat (1), cathode connecting bar (1-4) is pipe body structure, water supply mozzle (1-3) is among cathode connecting bar (1-4), the front end of water supply mozzle (1-3) is stretched out from cathode connecting bar (1-4), in the pipe of water supply mozzle (1-3), space forms cooling water channel (Ⅹ IV), space between the outer wall of water supply mozzle (1-3) and cathode connecting bar (1-4) inwall forms cooling backwater passage (Ⅹ III), negative electrode (2) is made up of microporous barrier cathode taps (2-2) and cathode sheath (2-1), microporous barrier cathode taps (2-2) is metal powder sintered miillpore filter structure, micropore between metal dust forms the filtration channel of hydrone, the back-end central of microporous barrier cathode taps (2-2) has conical groove (Ⅻ), groove (Ⅻ) forms water source entrance, cathode sheath (2-1) is open circles barred body structure, microporous barrier cathode taps (2-2) is embedded in the front portion of cathode sheath (2-1), the head of microporous barrier cathode taps (2-2) stretches out from the front end of cathode sheath (2-1), the interior space of cathode sheath (2-1) forms hydroecium (III), spiral stream guidance device (3) is rotary structure, has spiral stream guidance rib (3-1) in the revolving body of spiral stream guidance device (3), and the pitch space of spiral stream guidance rib (3-1) forms spiral stream guidance passage (II), target assembly comprises target cover (4), target (5), nested (6) and annular electrode (7), target cover (4) is rotary structure, target (5) is venturi nozzle structure, nested (6) are rotary structure, annular electrode (7) is torus structure, the front end of annular electrode (7) is embedded in the front end of nested (6), the rear end of annular electrode (7) is embedded into the venturi nozzle front end of target (5), target (5), nested (6) and annular electrode (7) are arranged in target cover (4), target (5) and the outer of annular electrode (7) are with the first cooling jacket (Ⅸ), wall body and the wall body of nested (6) of target cover (4) form the outer wall of the first cooling jacket (Ⅸ), first cooling jacket (Ⅸ) has coolant inlet (4-3) to access and coolant outlet (4-1) picks out, anode assemblies comprises anode jacket (8) and anode (9), anode jacket (8) is cylindrical structure, anode (9) is venturi nozzle structure, anode (9) is arranged in anode jacket (8) with embedded mode, space between anode (9) outer wall and anode jacket (8) inwall forms the second cooling jacket (VIII), and the second cooling jacket (VIII) has cooling water inlet (8-2) to access and coolant outlet (8-1) picks out,
Negative electrode (2) is connected to cathode connecting bar (1-4) front end of back seat (1), the rear end of spiral stream guidance device (3) is arranged on back seat (1), target assembly is connected between the front end of spiral stream guidance device (3) and the rear end of insulated connecting piece (10), and anode jacket (8) takes the front end that anode (9) is arranged on insulated connecting piece (10); Negative electrode (2) passes from the interior space of spiral stream guidance device (3), the head of negative electrode (2) enters into the venturi nozzle entrance space of target (5) rear end, the venturi nozzle entrance space of target (5) rear end forms the first region of discharge, the venturi nozzle aditus laryngis of target (5) forms the first compression duct (Ⅺ), and the venturi nozzle expansion segment space of target (5) forms the first spray chamber (Ⅹ); Space between the venturi nozzle entrance of annular electrode (7) and anode (9) rear end forms the second region of discharge, the venturi nozzle aditus laryngis of anode (9) forms the second compression duct (VII), and the venturi nozzle expansion segment space of anode (9) forms the second spray chamber (VI);
Air chamber (I) is had in the revolving body of back seat (1) or in the revolving body of spiral stream guidance device (3), air chamber (I) has work gas input interface (1-1) to access, air chamber (I) is communicated to the first region of discharge of target (5) rear end by spiral stream guidance passage (II), first region of discharge is communicated to the first spray chamber (Ⅹ) by the first compression duct (Ⅺ), and the first spray chamber (Ⅹ) is communicated to the second spray chamber (VI) by the second region of discharge and the second compression duct (VII); Air cavity (IV) is had in the revolving body of target cover (4) or in insulated connecting piece (10), air cavity (IV) has work gas import (4-2) to access, gas channel is had between air cavity (IV) and the second region of discharge, air cavity (IV) is communicated to the second region of discharge by gas channel, and the second region of discharge is communicated to the second spray chamber (VI) by the second compression duct (VII).
2. a kind of two stage electric arc plasma torch for pyrolysis water according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the delivery port of water supply mozzle (1-3) is the nozzle arrangements narrowed, the delivery port of water supply mozzle (1-3) extend in the groove (Ⅻ) of microporous barrier cathode taps (2-2) rear end; Cooling water channel (Ⅹ IV) in water supply mozzle (1-3) has cooling water input interface (1-5) to access, cooling water channel (Ⅹ IV) is communicated to cooling backwater passage (Ⅹ III) by the groove (Ⅻ) of microporous barrier cathode taps (2-2) rear end and hydroecium (III), and cooling backwater passage (Ⅹ III) has cooling water output interface (1-6) to pick out.
3. a kind of two stage electric arc plasma torch for pyrolysis water according to claim 1, have flange (2-3) outside the rear end that it is characterized in that microporous barrier cathode taps (2-2), flange (2-3) forms the axial limit structure of microporous barrier cathode taps (2-2).
4. a kind of two stage electric arc plasma torch for pyrolysis water according to claim 1, is characterized in that the head of microporous barrier cathode taps (2-2) is that its cone angle (a) is 45 °-120 ° by the conical structure reduced before backward; The head end of microporous barrier cathode taps (2-2) is arc-shaped structure, and its arc radius (R) is 3mm-6mm.
5. a kind of two stage electric arc plasma torch for pyrolysis water according to claim 1, is characterized in that there is outer-hexagonal body (2-4) on the wall body at cathode sheath (2-1) rear portion, has connecting thread (2-5) in the rear end of cathode sheath (1-1); When there being connecting thread (2-5) in the rear end of cathode sheath (1-1), have screw socket in the front end of cathode connecting bar (1-4), the connecting thread (2-5) of cathode sheath (1-1) rear end screws in the screw socket of cathode connecting bar (1-4) front end.
6. a kind of two stage electric arc plasma torch for pyrolysis water according to claim 1, it is characterized in that when air chamber (I) is arranged in the revolving body of back seat (1), space between the outer wall of cathode connecting bar (1-4) and back seat (1) outer wall body forms air chamber (I), and work gas input interface (1-1) is arranged on the outer wall body of back seat (1); When air chamber (I) is arranged in the revolving body of spiral stream guidance device (3), form air chamber (I) by the space between the outer wall of cathode connecting bar (1-4) and the inwall of spiral stream guidance device (3), work gas input interface (1-1) is arranged on the wall body of spiral stream guidance device (3).
7. a kind of two stage electric arc plasma torch for pyrolysis water according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the position of spiral stream guidance rib (3-1) front end is by the structure narrowed before backward, be connected with the entrance of the venturi nozzle rear end of target (5) is smoothing, spiral stream guidance rib (3-1) front end form constraint mouth (Ⅹ V) by space in narrowing before backward.
8. a kind of two stage electric arc plasma torch for pyrolysis water according to claim 1, it is characterized in that there is tenon seat the venturi nozzle front end of target (5), there is front tenon the front end of annular electrode (7), there is rear tenon the rear end of annular electrode (7), the front tenon of annular electrode (7) is embedded in nested (6), the rear tenon of annular electrode (7) is embedded in the tenon seat of venturi nozzle, and the venturi nozzle rear end of target (5) is embedded in the rear end of target cover (4); The wall body of nested (6) rear end there is installation screw thread, the wall body of target cover (4) has screw thread notch, in the installation threaded engagement of nested (6) rear end screw thread notch on target cover (4) wall body.
9. a kind of two stage electric arc plasma torch for pyrolysis water according to claim 1, the outside wall body that it is characterized in that nested (6) there is spiral rib (6-1), the pitch space of spiral rib (6-1) forms eddy flow passage (V), and eddy flow passage (V) substitutes the gas channel between air cavity (IV) and the second region of discharge.
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