CN104469286A - Distributed control system terminal display blank screen warning method - Google Patents

Distributed control system terminal display blank screen warning method Download PDF

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CN104469286A
CN104469286A CN201410613799.1A CN201410613799A CN104469286A CN 104469286 A CN104469286 A CN 104469286A CN 201410613799 A CN201410613799 A CN 201410613799A CN 104469286 A CN104469286 A CN 104469286A
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screen
display screen
control system
data
display
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CN104469286B (en
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刘刚
李磊
王延平
李智临
王春
唐晨飞
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China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
Sinopec Qingdao Safety Engineering Institute
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China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
Sinopec Qingdao Safety Engineering Institute
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Abstract

The invention relates to a distributed control system terminal display blank screen warning method which mainly solves the problems that display space is finite, display pictures are single, and dangers are not handled in time in the prior art. According to the technical scheme adopted for solving the problems, the distributed control system terminal display blank screen warning method includes the steps that an OLED transparent display screen (a front screen) with a touch function is fixed in front of an original distributed control system terminal display screen (a rear screen) through a positioning support, parameters of the transparent display screen are controlled through a microprocessing system, communication with a computer host is conducted, and corresponding data and information are transmitted, analyzed and displayed. The distributed control system terminal display blank screen warning method can be used for distributed control system terminal display blank screen warning.

Description

Distributed Control System terminal demonstration blank screen warning method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Distributed Control System terminal demonstration blank screen warning method.
Background technology
Growing along with Display Technique, various new technique continues to bring out, and Transparence Display technology, because of the application of its this characteristic of transparent display floater and uniqueness thereof, more and more receives the concern of people.The core of Transparence Display technology is transparent display panel, and transparent display board is a kind of transparent panel that can show image.Transparent display board when closing, panel just one block of clear glass seemingly; When its work, beholder can not only watch the content shown on panel, simultaneously can also watch the object after panel by light-transmitting panel.
OLED (organic electroluminescent display) is the novel Display Technique of one grown up from mid-term in 20th century, and its principle produces visible ray by compound after positive and negative carrier injection organic semiconductor thin-film.Compared with LCD, OLED have all solid state, active illuminating, high brightness, high-contrast, ultra-thin, low-power consumption, without the plurality of advantages such as angle limitations, operating temperature range be wide, add that its device architecture is well suited for as transparent display panel, therefore the current Transparence Display technical development based on OLED is very rapid.
DCS is the english abbreviation (Distributed Control System) of dcs, automatic control industry is at home referred to as Distributed Control System again, its implication utilizes microprocessor or Microcomputer Technology to manage concentratedly and decentralized control production process, that a kind of what be made up of process control level and process monitoring level take communication network as the multi-level computer system of tie, combine computer (Computer), communication (Communication), the 4C technology such as display (CRT) and control (Control), its basic thought is decentralized control, centralized operation, differentiated control, flexible configuration, configuration is convenient.
Since DCS came out from 1975, experienced by the development course of two more than ten years, it inherits the advantage of conventional simulation blind controller system and centralized computer control system, overcome the dangerous high concentration of single Control System of Microcomputer and conventional instrument controlling functions single, the shortcoming of man-machine interface difference, production control and the management of commercial plant can be applied to easily, very universal in the application in the process automation fields such as chemical industry, electric power, metallurgy.
CN201120068871.9 relates to detection safety in a kind of Workshop Production and realizes the alarm linkage automatic control device of control.Comprise supervisory control system, management system and DCS control system, supervisory control system is connected to DCS control system by management system, and between each system, linkage interface adopts OPC standard.
Human interface device based on terminal display system is the important component part of Distributed Control System, is the main channel realizing information exchange between operating personnel and DCS.Current, the terminal display system that DCS generally adopts, based on CRT or LCD display, before operating personnel need to be sitting in display screen for a long time, towards single DCS operation interface, dig-ins the situation of change of real time data.Above-mentioned working method, easily causes following problem:
1, long-continuedly easily make people produce visual fatigue in the face of single display interface, and then reduce the quick reaction capability disposing bursty state.
In actual application, there are four kinds of states in DCS operation interface: 1) data are unchanged usually, namely in interface without any data variation; 2) data normal fluctuation, namely in interface, real time data fluctuates in normal range (NR); 3) data exception fluctuation, namely in interface, real time data fluctuates in abnormal ranges; 4) accident condition, namely in interface, real time data is in the change under accident condition.When DCS is in the 1st kind of " data are unchanged " state, operating personnel do not need to monitor display screen; When DCS is in the 2nd kind of " data normal fluctuation " state, operating personnel only need to understand the normal fluctuation of delta data and whether trend is reasonable, and without the need to paying close attention to the full content in DCS operation interface; When DCS is in the 3rd kind of " data exception fluctuation " state, operating personnel then need to pay close attention in display screen the data variation that is associated with unusual fluctuations and carry out necessary analysis and process to unusual fluctuations; When DCS is in the 4th kind " accident condition ", operating personnel need the situation of change of all data in substantial connection display screen and analyze the data variation under accident device and process.
By analyze above-mentioned four kinds of states and and operating personnel between relation, can draw: in real work, operating personnel do not need moment continuous print to observe DCS operation interface, its under the 1st kind of state without the need to observe, under the 2nd kind of state, only need local to observe, then need global observing, analysis and process the 3rd, under 4 kind of state; Meanwhile, operating personnel need pay close attention to cambic information change between state, comprising: 1) the unchanged transition to normal variation of data; 2) the unchanged or normal variation of data is to the transition of unusual fluctuations; 3) the unchanged or normal variation of data is to the change of accident condition.
Current, the working method of DCS terminal demonstration is requirement operating personnel indifference, all data paid close attention to without emphasis, continuous print in display screen.Aforesaid way can make operating personnel produce visual fatigue undoubtedly, and then reduces the quick reaction capability disposing bursty state.
2, Distributed Control System terminal display system is by the restriction of screen size, the content that can show and Limited information, its major interfaces shows Real-time Monitoring Data mainly with the mode of flow chart, the information such as a large amount of device symbols, flow process index line, real time data and policer operation are often contained in an interface, when an emergency happens, system also needs to transfer and shows the ancillary information such as the Analysis of Abnormal State data, Operating Guideline suggestion.When bulk information shows in limited screen simultaneously, interface will become very in disorder, and many important informations and data cannot be shown simultaneously, and this brings certain trouble often to operation disposal personnel.
The present invention solves the problems referred to above targetedly.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is that in prior art, display space is limited, display frame is single, the dangerous problem disposed not in time, provides a kind of new Distributed Control System terminal demonstration blank screen warning method.This device is used for during Distributed Control System terminal demonstration blank screen warns, and has that display space is comparatively large, display frame is abundant, advantage is timely disposed in danger.
For solving the problem, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows: a kind of Distributed Control System terminal demonstration blank screen warning method, at former Distributed Control System terminal display screen (shielding afterwards) the front OLED transparent display screen (front screen) fixedly by locating support with touch controllable function, transparent display screen parameter is controlled by microprocessing systems, and carry out communication with host computer, transmission, analyze and show corresponding data and information, described microprocessing systems comprises by display screen parameter adjustment system, camera, image recognition and analytical system, warning system, audible-visual annunciator and graphics rendering system, screen contrast display system and assistant analysis and decision system before and after being provided with in described host computer, Distributed Control System and host computer carry out communication by data wire, warning system in assistant analysis in host computer and decision system and microprocessing systems carries out communication by data wire, front and back screen contrast display system in host computer and the graphics rendering system in microprocessing systems carry out communication by data wire, audible-visual annunciator carries out communication by data wire and warning system, camera carries out communication by data wire and image recognition and analytical system, wherein, transparent display screen show state comprises: 1) when DCS data unchanged (the 1st kind of state), transparent display screen shows with blank screen, 2) when DCS is in normal fluctuation state (the 2nd kind of state), transparent display screen only carries out Transparence Display to the square frame among a small circle centered by delta data, and front screen remainder still will be in black state.Meanwhile, front screen is also by the change trend curve in display fluctuation data a period of time, and operating personnel can observe the situation of change of corresponding data more intuitively and carry out judging to data variation tendency and analyze; 3) when DCS is in unusual fluctuations state (three state) or accident condition (the 4th kind of state), transparent display screen exits black state, and on the position corresponding to original display screen critical data, show relevant supplementary by the mode of superposition, and then operating personnel are guided more intuitively and easily to carry out related work; 4) for the transition change between different conditions, transparent display screen by by highlight delta data, mark change curve, progressively warned by the semi-transparent mode to full impregnated, display analysis and information.
In technique scheme, preferably, in described host computer, transparent display screen driver is installed; Being provided with touch-control system in front screen, for arranging display screen operating contact, making operating personnel can carry out direct touch control type operation to the important information shown in front screen and correlation function.
In technique scheme, preferably, described transparent display screen has high transmission rate and can free adjustment screen intensity and Show Color, and screen size is wider than former Distributed Control System terminal display screen.
In technique scheme, preferably, transparent display screen is fixed in described locating support one end, and with corner outside transparent display screen for benchmark extends certain distance to same direction, extension terminal is click-on design, and be connected with corner outside former Distributed Control System terminal display screen, frame bottom is base for supporting, locating support is mainly used in the putting position between the screen of fixing front and back, and shields with front and back the collaborative display that contradistinction system, assistant analysis realize related information together with decision system.
In technique scheme, preferably, described microprocessing systems major function comprises: before 1) realizing, the automatic or manual of screen viewing area and display position regulates; 2) catch the image information on the front operation position of computer screen by having automatic face focus function camera and sent to microprocessor, utilize image recognition technology, judge under abnormality or accident condition situation, whether the front operation position of computer screen there are operating personnel carrying out relevant work, if operating personnel are in normal operating conditions, system is only reported to the police in the mode of optical flare, if operating personnel are normally not in place or be in doze state, then system will be reported to the police with sound, light two kinds of modes; 3) by with front and back shield contrast display system with the use of, in front screen graphing and display corresponding information; 4) with touch-control system with the use of, realize before screen touch control operation.
In technique scheme, preferably, when transparent display screen does not connect host computer, front and back screen contrast display system is in servo condition, the displaying contents shielded after screen normal browsing before now can pass through; When transparent display screen connects host computer, screen displaying contents before and after front and back screen contrast display system startup optimization also distributes automatically.
In technique scheme, preferably, assistant analysis in described host computer and decision system are for fluctuate to DCS data analysis and process, judge that DCS operation interface is current and should be in which kind of state, according to the difference of DCS data mode, assistant analysis shields before and after controlling the graphics rendering system, the warning system that contrast in display system and microprocessing systems with decision system, performs corresponding operating.
This patent application Transparence Display technology, one piece of special transparent display screen is added in the original outside display of Distributed Control System display terminal, original display screen (shielding afterwards) and transparent display screen (front screen) Overlapping display, operating personnel can shield content through after front screen normal browsing, its beneficial effect comprises: the different show states of 1, treating DCS operation interface with a certain discrimination, " data the are unchanged " state paid close attention to not needing operating personnel shields in transparent display screen blank screen mode, reaches with this object alleviating operating personnel's visual fatigue; 2, strengthen warning of DCS data fluctuations to point out with information, improve the analysis of operating personnel under fluctuation status and quick disposing capacity, specifically comprise: 1) under DCS data normal fluctuation state, by highlighting delta data and change trend curve thereof, operating personnel are made to observe the situation of change of corresponding data in mode more intuitively and carry out judging to data variation tendency and analyze; 2) when DCS data are in unusual fluctuations state (three state) or accident condition (the 4th kind of state), transparent display screen shows relevant supplementary by the mode of superposition on the position corresponding to original display screen critical data, and then guides more intuitively and easily operating personnel to carry out related work; 3) for the transition change between DCS data different conditions, transparent display screen will by highlighting delta data, mark change curve, progressively being warned to various ways such as full impregnated, display analysis and informations by semi-transparent; 4) when DCS data are under abnormality or accident condition, camera is clapped the image information of getting on operation position, dead ahead at regular intervals and is sent to main control microprocessor.Main control microprocessor utilizes image recognition technology to contrast multiple image informations in certain hour, and then judges the operating state that operating personnel are current before computer.If operating personnel are in normal operating conditions, system is only reported to the police in the mode of optical flare, if operating personnel are normally not in place or be in doze state, then system will be reported to the police with sound, light two kinds of modes; 3, operating personnel can carry out direct touch control type operation to the important information of display in transparent display screen (front screen) and correlation function, reach more intuitively with this and guide operating personnel to carry out the object of related work easily, achieving good technique effect.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the critical piece schematic diagram of device of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the workflow schematic diagram of device of the present invention.
Below by embodiment, the invention will be further elaborated, but be not limited only to the present embodiment.
Embodiment
[embodiment 1]
This patent provides a kind of Distributed Control System terminal demonstration blank screen warning method, wherein said device is made up of five parts, as shown in Fig. 1 " device main member schematic diagram ", specifically comprise " transparent display screen ", " locating support ", " master control microprocessing systems ", " original display screen " and " host computer ".According to the distance of the spacing of screen and operating personnel, transparent display screen is referred to as front screen, and front screen is the auxiliary display screen of display system; Original display screen is referred to as rear screen, and rear screen is the main display of display system.Meanwhile, DCS operation interface is divided into four kinds of states: 1) data are unchanged, namely in interface without any data variation; 2) data normal fluctuation, namely in interface, real time data fluctuates in normal range (NR); 3) data exception fluctuation, namely in interface, real time data fluctuates in abnormal ranges; 4) accident condition, namely in interface, real time data is in the change under accident condition.
1, transparent display screen (front screen) is the core component of device, and adopt OLED Transparence Display technology, its size is slightly wider than original display screen.
OLED Display Technique has self-luminous characteristic, adopt very thin coating of organic material and glass substrate, when supplying power to appropriate voltage, anode hole and negative electrode electric charge will combine in luminescent layer, produce light, produce red, green and blue RGB three primary colors according to its formula is different, form basic color.OLED primary structure comprises: 1) basic unit, is transparent components, is used for supporting whole OLED; 2) anode is transparent components, for eliminating electronics when electric current flows through equipment; 3) organic layer, is made up of organic molecule or organic polymer; 4) negative electrode can be transparent, also can be opaque, and depending on OLED type, when there being current flowing in equipment, negative electrode can by electron injection circuit.
Transparent OLED only has transparent assembly (basic unit, anode, negative electrode), and its transparency when not luminous reaches as high as 85% of basic unit's transparency.When transparent OLED display is energized, light can two-wayly pass through.
The basic unit of transparent display screen selects the panel with touch controllable function, makes operating personnel can carry out direct touch control type operation to the important information shown in front screen and correlation function.
2, transparent display screen (front screen) is connected with original display screen (shielding afterwards) by locating support.Locating support adopts engineering plastics to make, and is made up of base for supporting, front screen fixture, rear screen buckle and intermediate connector four parts.Wherein, base for supporting is used for supporting and location support; Front screen fixture and transparent display screen outer edge buckle merga pass up and down four snap closes be fixed; Four intermediate connectors are connected with front screen fixture four corners respectively, and tie point elastomeric element makes it shield forward the inclination of fixture central point direction all the time; Between middle connection, top is rear screen buckle, by stretching intermediate connector, four of its top can be shielded afterwards buckle and being fastened on rear screen four corners.
3, transparent display screen master control microprocessing systems shields upper edge center position before being positioned over, and is made up of screen adjustment system, camera, image recognition and analytical system, warning system, audible-visual annunciator and graphics rendering system six parts.
Screen adjustment system is for regulating transparent display screen (front screen) relevant parameter, comprising: 1) adjustment interface display position: by pressing four, upper and lower, left and right trim button moving boundary position line, front screen interface can be adjusted on the position identical with rear screen interface phase; 2) screen intensity regulates: by pressing the brightness of brightness trim button adjusting screen, screen intensity also can be automatically adjusted by program control; 3) screen color regulates: by pressing color trim button (R, G, B) adjusting screen color, screen color also can be automatically adjusted by program control.
Camera is in holding state as a rule.When DCS is under abnormality or accident condition, camera is started working, and it is clapped the image information of getting on operation position, dead ahead at regular intervals and is sent to image recognition and the analytical system of main control microprocessor.Image recognition and analytical system utilize image recognition technology to contrast multiple image informations in certain hour, and then the operating state that before judging computer, operating personnel are current state information is passed to warning system.Warning system now will perform following operation: if operating personnel's operating state is normal, then starts audible-visual annunciator, but only report to the police in the mode of optical flare; If operating personnel are normally not in place or be in doze state, then start audible-visual annunciator and will report to the police with sound, light two kinds of modes.
Graphics rendering system is mainly used in shielding with the front and back in host computer and contrasts display system and carry out exchanges data, the graphical drafting of screen displaying contents before completing.
4, when transparent display screen (front screen) is in closed condition, original display screen (shielding afterwards) normally shows; When transparent display screen (front screen) is in opening, front and back screen contrast display system in host computer should carry out classification process by the content of the independent display of rear screen, then transfer to front screen display to show front screen displaying contents, rear screen display shows and transfers to rear screen display to show.
5, the driver of installation transparent display screen, front and back screen contrast display system and DCS assistant analysis and decision system is needed in host computer.
Transparent display screen driver is used for the hardware information of host computer identification transparent display screen, and first the opening information of transparent display screen will be caught by driver and carry out data initialization process, and before and after then calling, screen contrast display system performs corresponding operating.Meanwhile, driver also will be caught the touch information of touch screen transmission and transfer to corresponding program to process touch information.
Front and back screen contrast display system is used for carrying out classification process to displaying contents, transfers to front screen display to show front screen displaying contents, rear screen display is shown and transfer to rear screen display to show.
DCS assistant analysis and decision system, for fluctuate to DCS data analysis and process, judge that DCS operation interface is current and should be in which kind of state.According to the difference of DCS data mode, assistant analysis shields before and after controlling the graphics rendering system, the warning system that contrast in display system and master control microprocessing systems with decision system, perform corresponding operating: 1) when DCS data unchanged (the 1st kind of state), regulate transparent display screen to be adjusted to complete black state, namely, screen shows with black state; 2) when DCS is in normal fluctuation state (the 2nd kind of state), regulate transparent display screen, only carry out Transparence Display to the square frame among a small circle centered by delta data, front screen remainder still will be in black state.Meanwhile, front screen is also by the change trend curve in display fluctuation data a period of time, and operating personnel can observe the situation of change of corresponding data more intuitively and carry out judging to data variation tendency and analyze; 3) when DCS is in unusual fluctuations state (three state) or accident condition (the 4th kind of state), transparent display screen is regulated to exit black state, on the position corresponding to original display screen critical data, show relevant supplementary by the mode of superposition, and then guide more intuitively and easily operating personnel to carry out related work; 4) for the transition change between different conditions, transparent display screen is regulated, by highlighting delta data, mark change curve, progressively being warned to various ways such as full impregnated, display analysis and informations by semi-transparent.
Workflow is as shown in Figure 2:
First, transparent display screen (front screen) and original display screen (shielding afterwards) are fixed together by locating support; Then, start transparent display screen (front screen), log-on message is passed to host computer and carries out data initialization by driver, screen contrast display system before and after simultaneously starting, front and back screen contrast display system first runnable interface collate program after startup, show check and correction interface in front and back screen display, front screen check and correction interface can be adjusted to by front screen check and correction button and proofread on the consistent position of interface phase with rear the screen; After having proofreaded, front and back screen contrast display system starts DCS display interface, and carries out classification process to displaying contents, transfers to front screen display to show front screen displaying contents, rear screen display is shown and transfer to rear screen display to show; When transparent display screen (front screen) is in touch-control state, driver is caught touch information and is transferred to by touch information corresponding program in host computer to process.
DCS assistant analysis and decision system are by fluctuate to DCS data analysis and process, judge the current status of DCS data and by controlling graphics rendering system, the warning system in front and back screen contrast display system and master control microprocessing systems, performing and showing accordingly and operation of warning.
When DCS is under abnormality or accident condition, camera is clapped the image information of getting on operation position, dead ahead at regular intervals and is sent to image recognition and the analytical system of main control microprocessor.Image recognition and analytical system utilize image recognition technology to contrast multiple image informations in certain hour, and then the operating state that before judgement computer, operating personnel are current state information is passed to warning system, warning system then performs corresponding operation of warning by analyzing above-mentioned information.

Claims (7)

1. a Distributed Control System terminal demonstration blank screen warning method, at former Distributed Control System terminal display screen (shielding afterwards) the front OLED transparent display screen (front screen) fixedly by locating support with touch controllable function, transparent display screen parameter is controlled by microprocessing systems, and carry out communication with host computer, transmission, analyze and show corresponding data and information, described microprocessing systems comprises by display screen parameter adjustment system, camera, image recognition and analytical system, warning system, audible-visual annunciator and graphics rendering system, screen contrast display system and assistant analysis and decision system before and after being provided with in described host computer, Distributed Control System and host computer carry out communication by data wire, warning system in assistant analysis in host computer and decision system and microprocessing systems carries out communication by data wire, front and back screen contrast display system in host computer and the graphics rendering system in microprocessing systems carry out communication by data wire, audible-visual annunciator carries out communication by data wire and warning system, camera carries out communication by data wire and image recognition and analytical system, wherein, transparent display screen show state comprises: 1) when DCS data unchanged (the 1st kind of state), transparent display screen shows with blank screen, 2) when DCS is in normal fluctuation state (the 2nd kind of state), transparent display screen only carries out Transparence Display to the square frame among a small circle centered by delta data, and front screen remainder still will be in black state.Meanwhile, front screen is also by the change trend curve in display fluctuation data a period of time, and operating personnel can observe the situation of change of corresponding data more intuitively and carry out judging to data variation tendency and analyze; 3) when DCS is in unusual fluctuations state (three state) or accident condition (the 4th kind of state), transparent display screen exits black state, and on the position corresponding to original display screen critical data, show relevant supplementary by the mode of superposition, and then operating personnel are guided more intuitively and easily to carry out related work; 4) for the transition change between different conditions, transparent display screen by by highlight delta data, mark change curve, progressively warned by the semi-transparent mode to full impregnated, display analysis and information.
2. Distributed Control System terminal demonstration blank screen warning method according to claim 1, is characterized in that being provided with transparent display screen driver in described host computer; Being provided with touch-control system in front screen, for arranging display screen operating contact, making operating personnel can carry out direct touch control type operation to the important information shown in front screen and correlation function.
3. Distributed Control System terminal demonstration blank screen warning method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described transparent display screen has high transmission rate and can free adjustment screen intensity and Show Color, screen size is wider than former Distributed Control System terminal display screen.
4. Distributed Control System terminal demonstration blank screen warning method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that transparent display screen is fixed in described locating support one end, and with corner outside transparent display screen for benchmark extends certain distance to same direction, extension terminal is click-on design, be connected with corner outside former Distributed Control System terminal display screen, frame bottom is base for supporting, locating support is mainly used in the putting position between the screen of fixing front and back, and shields with front and back the collaborative display that contradistinction system, assistant analysis realize related information together with decision system.
5. Distributed Control System terminal demonstration blank screen warning method according to claim 1, is characterized in that described microprocessing systems major function comprises: before 1) realizing, the automatic or manual of screen viewing area and display position regulates; 2) catch the image information on the front operation position of computer screen by having automatic face focus function camera and sent to microprocessor, utilize image recognition technology, judge under abnormality or accident condition situation, whether the front operation position of computer screen there are operating personnel carrying out relevant work, if operating personnel are in normal operating conditions, system is only reported to the police in the mode of optical flare, if operating personnel are normally not in place or be in doze state, then system will be reported to the police with sound, light two kinds of modes; 3) by with front and back shield contrast display system with the use of, in front screen graphing and display corresponding information; 4) with touch-control system with the use of, realize before screen touch control operation.
6. Distributed Control System terminal demonstration blank screen warning method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that when transparent display screen does not connect host computer, front and back screen contrast display system is in servo condition, the displaying contents shielded after screen normal browsing before now can pass through; When transparent display screen connects host computer, screen displaying contents before and after front and back screen contrast display system startup optimization also distributes automatically.
7. Distributed Control System terminal demonstration blank screen warning method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that assistant analysis in described host computer and decision system are for fluctuate to DCS data analysis and process, judge that DCS operation interface is current and should be in which kind of state, according to the difference of DCS data mode, assistant analysis shields before and after controlling the graphics rendering system, the warning system that contrast in display system and microprocessing systems with decision system, performs corresponding operating.
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CN112394694A (en) * 2020-11-13 2021-02-23 杭州和利时自动化有限公司 Black screen control method, system, equipment and computer readable storage medium

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