CN104467328A - Novel single-layer and double-layer mixed concentric unequal-turn super-effective asynchronous motor - Google Patents
Novel single-layer and double-layer mixed concentric unequal-turn super-effective asynchronous motor Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种新型单双层混合同心不等匝超超高效异步电机,所述电机通过改变定转子的槽配合使的定子绕组每极每相槽数取较大值q=3,同时通过采用单双层混合,其中上下层同相的线圈设计为双层,上下层不同相的线圈设计为单层,所述线圈按同心式排布,且内层线圈匝数少于外层线圈匝数,共54槽的绕组,减少了减小电机谐波及附加损耗同时减少电机的铜耗。本发明为一种新型的单双层混合同心不等匝超超异步电机,铜耗、附加损耗以及铁耗都大大降低,且降低了电机的温升和震动噪声,极大的提高了电机的效率,达到了国家一级能效,节约了电能。
The present invention provides a novel single-layer and double-layer hybrid concentric unequal-turn ultra-super-high-efficiency asynchronous motor. By changing the slot coordination of the stator and the rotor, the number of slots per pole and phase of the stator winding takes a larger value q=3, and at the same time through Single-layer and double-layer mixing are adopted, in which the upper and lower layers of the same phase coil are designed as double layers, and the upper and lower layers of different phase coils are designed as a single layer, the coils are arranged concentrically, and the number of turns of the inner layer coil is less than the number of turns of the outer layer coil , a total of 54 slot windings, reducing the reduction of motor harmonics and additional losses while reducing the copper loss of the motor. The present invention is a new single-layer hybrid concentric unequal-turn ultra-super asynchronous motor, which greatly reduces copper loss, additional loss and iron loss, reduces the temperature rise and vibration noise of the motor, and greatly improves the motor performance. Efficiency, reaching the national first-level energy efficiency, saving electric energy.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及电机制造领域,特别涉及一种新型单双层混合同心不等匝超超异步电机。The invention relates to the field of motor manufacturing, in particular to a novel single-layer and double-layer hybrid concentric unequal-turn super-super asynchronous motor.
背景技术Background technique
近年来在国家政策的支持下,我国电机能效逐步提高,但总体能效水平仍然不能达到超高效水平及超超高效等级。针对新国标GB18613-2012的要求,对现有超超高效电机国内个别厂家已经开始研制,目前还未有成熟设计。从电机自身看,我国电机效率平均水平比国外低3-5个百分点,目前在用的超高效电机仍然较低;低效电机的大量使用造成巨大的用电浪费,高效电机使用比较普遍,截止目前,由于国内中小型电机市场上Y系列电机为主仍占据了近90%的市场份额。而目前我国高效电机的市场份额仅为3%左右。由于价格因素,目前具有规模的近300家中小型电机厂中,只有不到100家取得YX3系列高效电机认证。In recent years, with the support of national policies, the energy efficiency of motors in my country has gradually improved, but the overall energy efficiency level still cannot reach the ultra-high efficiency level and ultra-ultra-high efficiency level. In response to the requirements of the new national standard GB18613-2012, some domestic manufacturers of existing ultra-ultra-high-efficiency motors have begun to develop, and there is no mature design yet. From the perspective of the motor itself, the average efficiency of motors in my country is 3-5 percentage points lower than that of foreign countries, and the ultra-high-efficiency motors currently in use are still relatively low; the large-scale use of low-efficiency motors has caused huge waste of electricity, and the use of high-efficiency motors is more common. At present, because Y series motors mainly occupy nearly 90% of the market share in the domestic small and medium-sized motor market. At present, the market share of high-efficiency motors in my country is only about 3%. Due to the price factor, among the nearly 300 small and medium-sized motor factories with scale, less than 100 have obtained the YX3 series high-efficiency motor certification.
工业领域电机能效每提高一个百分点,可年节约用电260亿千瓦时左右。通过推广超高效电机,将超高效电机进行超超高效再制造,可提升电机系统效率的百分点,年可实现节电上千亿千瓦时,相当于若干个三峡电站的发电量。Every one percentage point increase in the energy efficiency of motors in the industrial field can save about 26 billion kWh of electricity per year. By promoting ultra-high-efficiency motors and remanufacturing ultra-high-efficiency motors, the efficiency of the motor system can be increased by a percentage point, and annual electricity savings of hundreds of billions of kilowatt-hours can be achieved, which is equivalent to the power generation of several Three Gorges power stations.
所以,国家政策规定2012年9月1日实施《GB18613-2012》规定,2016年9月1日起,中小型异步电机实施新标国家二级(IE3超高效电机)。该电机损耗值比高效电机降低20%。对于年运行时间超过8000小时的电机,负荷率超过60%,电费以0.7元/度计算,1.5年左右可收回标准电机额外增加的成本。随着我国现代化经济的快速发展,能源消耗问题与日俱增。电机作为能量转换的装置,将电能转换成机械能,驱动各种设备的运转,并且电机在整个国家总的用电量中占有相当大的比重,因此为了节约能源,超超高效异步电机也会逐渐成果未来电机发展方向,逐渐在电机应用中占据主导地位。同时对电机效率的提升以及损耗的降低仍然是我国国民经济发展的重要任务,采用怎样的高导磁材料,并且如何在保持材料成本的基础上通过改变绕组以及定转子槽配合及合适槽形等提高电机效率显得尤为重要。Therefore, the national policy stipulates that "GB18613-2012" shall be implemented on September 1, 2012. From September 1, 2016, small and medium-sized asynchronous motors shall implement the new national second-level standard (IE3 ultra-efficient motors). This motor loss value is 20% lower than that of a high-efficiency motor. For motors with an annual running time of more than 8,000 hours and a load rate of more than 60%, the electricity fee is calculated at 0.7 yuan/kWh, and the additional cost of the standard motor can be recovered in about 1.5 years. With the rapid development of my country's modern economy, the problem of energy consumption is increasing day by day. As an energy conversion device, the motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy to drive the operation of various equipment, and the motor occupies a considerable proportion in the total electricity consumption of the whole country. Results The future direction of motor development will gradually occupy a dominant position in motor applications. At the same time, the improvement of motor efficiency and the reduction of loss are still important tasks for the development of my country's national economy. What kind of high magnetic permeability materials should be used, and how to change the winding, stator and rotor slot matching and suitable slot shape on the basis of maintaining material costs? Improving motor efficiency is particularly important.
现有电机绕组形式有单层、双层、单双层混合式。The existing motor winding forms include single-layer, double-layer, single-layer and double-layer hybrid.
其中单层绕组按类型可分为单层叠式,单层链式,单层同心式,单层交叉式以及单层同心交叉混合式,单层绕组主要应用与小型电动机及部分绕线式电动机转子。Among them, the single-layer winding can be divided into single-layer stacked type, single-layer chain type, single-layer concentric type, single-layer cross type and single-layer concentric cross hybrid type according to the type. The single-layer winding is mainly used in small motors and partially wound motor rotors. .
双层绕组包括双层叠式,双层同心式和双层链式。Double-layer windings include double-stack, double-layer concentric and double-layer chain.
单双层混合式包括先双后单以及先双后单等绕组形式。单双层混合式是一种性能较优的绕组形式,它既保留了双层短距能改善磁场波形,又可消减谐波,提高启动性能,降低附加损耗等此外还是槽满率得到改善;绕组用线长度能有效缩短而节省线材。但效果仍然达不到想要的程度,不能使电机的效率进一步的提升。The single-layer and double-layer hybrid type includes winding forms such as double first and then single, and double first and then single. The single-layer hybrid type is a winding form with better performance. It not only retains the double-layer short distance to improve the magnetic field waveform, but also reduces harmonics, improves starting performance, and reduces additional losses. In addition, the slot fullness rate is improved; The length of winding wire can be effectively shortened to save wire. But the effect is still not up to the desired level, and the efficiency of the motor cannot be further improved.
现有的3kw超高效异步电机的槽形为平行槽,转子槽形为开口槽。The slot shape of the existing 3kw ultra-high efficiency asynchronous motor is parallel slots, and the slot shape of the rotor is open slots.
同时,现有的超高效异步电机使用的硅钢片为宝钢宝钢特定高牌号无取向电工钢硅钢片,牌号为B50AE-2。At the same time, the silicon steel sheets used in the existing ultra-high-efficiency asynchronous motors are Baosteel Baosteel-specific high-grade non-oriented electrical steel silicon steel sheets, and the grade is B50AE-2.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了克服已有技术中现有产品电机效率无法得到进一步提升的问题,本发明提出一种新型的单双层混合同心不等超超高效匝异步电机。In order to overcome the problem that the motor efficiency of existing products in the prior art cannot be further improved, the present invention proposes a novel single-layer and double-layer mixed concentric ultra-high-efficiency asynchronous motor with unequal turns.
为了实现上述目的,本发明提出一种新型的单双层混合同心不等匝超超高效异步电机,所述电机的定子绕组每极每相槽数q=3,单双层混合,其中上下层同相的线圈设计为双层,上下层不同相的线圈设计为单层,所述线圈按同心式排布,共54槽。In order to achieve the above object, the present invention proposes a novel single-layer and double-layer hybrid concentric unequal turns ultra-high-efficiency asynchronous motor, the number of slots per pole and phase of the stator winding of the motor is q=3, the single-layer and double-layer are mixed, and the upper and lower layers The coils of the same phase are designed as double layers, and the coils of different phases on the upper and lower layers are designed as a single layer. The coils are arranged concentrically, with a total of 54 slots.
可选的,所述单双层混合形式为单层:双层=1:2。Optionally, the mixed form of single and double layers is single layer: double layer = 1:2.
可选的,所述单双层混合形式为单层和双层交替设置。Optionally, the single-layer and double-layer mixed forms are alternately arranged single-layer and double-layer.
可选的,所述54槽中,上下层同向的线圈序号1、3、4、6、7、9、10、12、13、15、16、18、19、21、22、24、25、27、28、30、31、33、34、36、37、39、40、42、43、45、46、48、49、51、52、54,上下层不同相的线圈序号2、5、8、11、14、17、20、23、26、29、32、35、38、41、44、47、50、53。Optionally, in the 54 slots, the serial numbers of the upper and lower layers in the same direction are 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15, 16, 18, 19, 21, 22, 24, 25 , 27, 28, 30, 31, 33, 34, 36, 37, 39, 40, 42, 43, 45, 46, 48, 49, 51, 52, 54, coil numbers 2, 5, 8, 11, 14, 17, 20, 23, 26, 29, 32, 35, 38, 41, 44, 47, 50, 53.
可选的,所述54槽的分布分别为1、3、4、6、7、9、10、12、13、15、16、18、19、21、22、24、25、27、28、30、31、33、34、36、37、39、40、42、43、45、46、48、49、51、52、54为双层,2、5、8、11、14、17、20、23、26、29、32、35、38、41、44、47、50、53为单层。Optionally, the distribution of the 54 slots is 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15, 16, 18, 19, 21, 22, 24, 25, 27, 28, 30, 31, 33, 34, 36, 37, 39, 40, 42, 43, 45, 46, 48, 49, 51, 52, 54 are double layers, 2, 5, 8, 11, 14, 17, 20 , 23, 26, 29, 32, 35, 38, 41, 44, 47, 50, 53 are single layers.
可选的,所述54槽电机采用同心式,且外圈电机匝数要比内圈线圈匝数高,减少了谐波,降低了附加损耗。Optionally, the 54-slot motor adopts a concentric type, and the number of turns of the outer ring motor is higher than that of the inner ring coil, which reduces harmonics and additional losses.
同时采用了重新设计的定转子槽形,且转子槽形为闭口槽,附加损耗降低,槽满率和启动转矩,最大转矩等性能也得到改善。At the same time, the redesigned stator and rotor slot shape is adopted, and the rotor slot shape is closed slot, the additional loss is reduced, and the slot full rate, starting torque, and maximum torque performance are also improved.
可选的,所述的超高效异步电机采用高磁感低铁损的硅钢片Optionally, the ultra-high-efficiency asynchronous motor uses silicon steel sheets with high magnetic induction and low iron loss
另外本发明采用新型高牌号的硅钢片,其铁损较原先有了较大的降低。In addition, the present invention adopts a new type of high-grade silicon steel sheet, and its iron loss is greatly reduced compared with the original one.
本发明单双层混合同心不等匝超超高效异步电机的有益效果主要表现在:本发明一种新型单双层混合同心不等匝超超高效异步电机,同心不等匝绕组可降低铜耗,降低了电机的温升,新槽形减少了附加损耗,性能改善,高牌号硅钢片是铁耗得到降低,极大的提高了电机的效率,节约了电能。The beneficial effects of the single-layer and double-layer hybrid concentric unequal-turn ultra-high-efficiency asynchronous motor of the present invention are mainly manifested in: the present invention is a novel single-layer and double-layer hybrid concentric unequal-turn ultra-high-efficiency asynchronous motor, and the concentric unequal-turn winding can reduce copper consumption , The temperature rise of the motor is reduced, the new groove shape reduces the additional loss, and the performance is improved. The iron consumption of the high-grade silicon steel sheet is reduced, which greatly improves the efficiency of the motor and saves electric energy.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明单双层混合同心不等匝超超高效异步电机的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a single-layer hybrid concentric unequal-turn ultra-high-efficiency asynchronous motor of the present invention.
图2本发明单双层混合同心不等匝超超高效异步电机的定子槽示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a stator slot of a single-layer hybrid concentric unequal-turn ultra-high-efficiency asynchronous motor of the present invention.
图3本发明单双层混合同心不等匝超超高效异步电机的转子槽示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a rotor slot of a single-layer hybrid concentric unequal-turn ultra-high-efficiency asynchronous motor of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合实施例和附图1对本发明作进一步的描述。Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing 1, the present invention will be further described.
电机通过采用较高的定子绕组每极每相槽数q=3的绕组,并且采用单双层混合式,混合形式为1:2:1,6极54槽同心式绕组结构定子绕组上下层同相的线圈设计为单层,上下层不同相的线圈设计为单层,每圈的匝数设计为不相等,线圈按同心式排布。共采取54槽,其中1、3、4、6、7、9、10、12、13、15、16、18、19、21、22、24、25、27、28、30、31、33、34、36、37、39、40、42、43、45、46、48、49、51、52、54为双层,2、5、8、11、14、17、20、23、26、29、32、35、38、41、44、47、50、53为单层。其中图中标注了1、10、20、30、40和50。The motor adopts a higher stator winding with the number of slots per pole and phase q=3, and adopts a single-layer and double-layer hybrid type, the hybrid form is 1:2:1, 6-pole 54-slot concentric winding structure, the upper and lower layers of the stator winding are in the same phase The coil is designed as a single layer, the coils of different phases on the upper and lower layers are designed as a single layer, the number of turns of each circle is designed to be unequal, and the coils are arranged concentrically. A total of 54 slots are taken, of which 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15, 16, 18, 19, 21, 22, 24, 25, 27, 28, 30, 31, 33, 34, 36, 37, 39, 40, 42, 43, 45, 46, 48, 49, 51, 52, 54 are double layers, 2, 5, 8, 11, 14, 17, 20, 23, 26, 29 , 32, 35, 38, 41, 44, 47, 50, 53 are single layers. 1, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 are marked in the figure.
本发明通过重新设计定转子的槽形,避免了齿部磁密以及槽满率的升高,减少了电机的附加损耗,以及震动噪声,使电机的启动转矩和最大转矩都有所改善。By redesigning the groove shape of the stator and rotor, the invention avoids the increase of the magnetic density of the teeth and the slot fullness rate, reduces the additional loss of the motor, and the vibration noise, so that the starting torque and the maximum torque of the motor are improved. .
本发明为进一步减少电机的铁损,采用了新型的高磁感低铁损的硅钢片,而电机的成本却没有大幅增加,重量反而减少。In order to further reduce the iron loss of the motor, the invention adopts a new type of silicon steel sheet with high magnetic induction and low iron loss, but the cost of the motor does not increase greatly, but the weight decreases instead.
本发明通过采用以上的设计,消弱高了次谐波,减小电机的震动噪声,提高基波的绕组系数,提高基波的磁势降低附加损耗,进一步降低电机的铜耗,槽形的改变时电机的槽满率得到改善,磁密波形得到优化,减少了齿部磁密的饱和程度。采用新型的高磁感低铁损的硅钢片降低了电机铁耗,提高电机的效率。使电机的效率甚至达到了超超高效的标准。具体实施方式:定子槽数为54,转子采用42槽,磁极数为6,每极每相槽数为54/(2×3×3)=3。由附图1可知其连接方式,定子绕组采用先单后双的单双层混合不等砸绕组,绕组形式为1:2:1.其中单层绕组采用51圈双层绕组为25圈,且由附图2和图3可知定转子槽形进行优化设计,进一步采用了新型的硅钢片材料。经过计算,试制,实验,样机性能数据与普通电机,高效电机以及超高效电机对比性能如下:By adopting the above design, the present invention weakens high-order harmonics, reduces the vibration noise of the motor, increases the winding coefficient of the fundamental wave, increases the magnetic potential of the fundamental wave and reduces additional loss, and further reduces the copper consumption of the motor. When changing, the slot full rate of the motor is improved, the flux density waveform is optimized, and the saturation degree of the flux density of the teeth is reduced. The use of a new type of silicon steel sheet with high magnetic induction and low iron loss reduces the iron loss of the motor and improves the efficiency of the motor. The efficiency of the motor has even reached the ultra-super efficient standard. Specific implementation method: the number of stator slots is 54, the rotor adopts 42 slots, the number of magnetic poles is 6, and the number of slots per pole and phase is 54/(2×3×3)=3. It can be known from the accompanying drawing 1 that the stator winding adopts single-layer and double-layer mixed unequal windings first and then double, and the winding form is 1:2:1. The single-layer winding adopts 51 turns and the double-layer winding is 25 turns, and It can be seen from Figure 2 and Figure 3 that the groove shape of the stator and rotor is optimized, and a new type of silicon steel sheet material is further used. After calculation, trial production, experiments, the performance data of the prototype is compared with ordinary motors, high-efficiency motors and ultra-high-efficiency motors as follows:
从以上样机与YE3-132S-6X3超高效异步电机对比分析可以看出,电机的功率因数虽然降低了一个百分点,但仍较YX3-132S-6电动机的功率因数高一个百分点。同时样机的启动电流倍数虽然比其他电机升高,但仍完全能够满足F级绝缘B级温升的要求,并且电机的启动转矩倍数和最大转矩倍数都要比超高效电机和高效及普通电机性能更好。在提升电机性能的同时,电机采用了新型硅钢片材料,使效率得到了提升达到了超超高效,电机的重量同时也得到了降低。From the comparative analysis of the above prototype and the YE3-132S-6X3 ultra-high efficiency asynchronous motor, it can be seen that although the power factor of the motor is reduced by one percentage point, it is still one percentage point higher than that of the YX3-132S-6 motor. At the same time, although the starting current multiple of the prototype is higher than that of other motors, it can still fully meet the requirements of Class F insulation and Class B temperature rise, and the starting torque multiple and maximum torque multiple of the motor are higher than those of ultra-high-efficiency motors and high-efficiency and ordinary motors. Motor performance is better. While improving the performance of the motor, the motor uses a new type of silicon steel sheet material, which improves the efficiency and achieves super high efficiency, and the weight of the motor is also reduced.
通过对样机与以上电机对比分析可以看出,电动机的功率因数大致不变,但样机的效率却提高了2.1个百分点,同时堵转转矩和最大转矩都有较大提升。与此同时电机的重量也相对降低了。随着电机的使用按照60%平均负荷率,年运行时间8000小时,实际电能成本0.7元/度进行计算。新建项目采用超高效电机投资回报期对比见下表:Through the comparative analysis of the prototype and the above motors, it can be seen that the power factor of the motor is roughly unchanged, but the efficiency of the prototype has increased by 2.1 percentage points, and the stall torque and maximum torque have been greatly improved. At the same time, the weight of the motor is relatively reduced. With the use of the motor according to the average load rate of 60%, the annual running time is 8000 hours, and the actual electric energy cost is calculated at 0.7 yuan/kWh. The comparison of investment return period of ultra-high-efficiency motors in new projects is shown in the table below:
从补贴后差价和年节点额可以对比看出,在差价相差不大的情况下,本发明样机却大大节约了电能。减少了成本的增加。对工业及生产都会产生重大的意义。It can be seen from the comparison of the post-subsidy price difference and the annual node amount that the prototype of the present invention has greatly saved electric energy when the price difference is not much different. The increase in cost is reduced. It will have great significance to industry and production.
虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭露如上,然其并非限定本发明。本发明所属技术领域中具有通常知识者,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内,当可作各种的更动与润饰。因此,本发明的保护范围当视权利要求书所界定者为准。Although the present invention has been disclosed above with preferred embodiments, it does not limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art of the present invention can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be defined by the claims.
Claims (8)
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