WO2005064767A1

WO2005064767A1 - Permanent magnet motor

Info

Publication number: WO2005064767A1
Application number: PCT/CN2004/001549
Authority: WO
Inventors: Guiben Gao; Xuyi Wang; Teng Chang; Shang Cheng Liang; Xiuwen Zhang; Fengqin Pei; Xuan Liang
Original assignee: Guiben Gao; Xuyi Wang; Teng Chang; Shang Cheng Liang; Xiuwen Zhang; Fengqin Pei; Xuan Liang
Priority date: 2003-12-29
Filing date: 2004-12-29
Publication date: 2005-07-14

Abstract

The present utility model provides a permanent magnet motor, which includes a stator and a rotor fixed coaxially, in which the rotor is made of laminated multi-layer silicon steel sheets with rotor teeth and rotor slots, characterized in that the stator is provided with at least two permanent magnets and at least two laminated multi-layer silicon steel sheets arranged alternately with the permanent magnets, in that two stator teeth are provided on each laminated multi-layer silicon steel sheet, and in that armature windings are bedded in phase-shifting slots provided between two stator teeth. Consequently, the disadvantages in the prior art can be solved. Meanwhile, the motor has better magnetic density wave form of sine wave in the air gap, fewer harmonics, and higher winding rate of iron-copper and copper-iron. The winding has simple structure and the cost is low and so on.

Description

Permanent Magnet Motor

The utility model relates to a motor, in particular to a permanent magnet motor.

Background technique

At present, the known permanent magnet motors have many shortcomings in practical applications: each magnetic pole of the motor contains only a small number of cogging and coil components, which makes the stepped sinusoidal magnetic dense wave excessively rough and contains a large number of harmonics This leads to vibration and uneven torque, noise pollution and grid pollution, and high energy consumption due to temperature rise. Because the slots occupied by each coil in the motor are relatively small, after deducting the volume of the insulating material and the corner space, the fill slot fill rate is very low, resulting in a low iron-copper surround ratio. In addition, the core surrounded by each coil is 2–1 Cogged structure rather than solid stem, so each length of the coil is invalid, and the coils forming a magnetic pole are not fully coupled with each other, but are staggered one by one. The area of one tooth results in a low copper-iron surround ratio. This structure deviates from the optimization principle of the transformer structure, which limits the reduction of iron and copper losses and the improvement of energy efficiency; the winding structure of the motor is complicated, the more the number of poles, the more difficult it is to manufacture, and the higher it is; Slip rings, permanent magnets, claw poles, magnetic isolation sleeves and other components not only have high manufacturing costs, but also limit the improvement of power balance and firmness indicators; the motor is for grams]! For the harmonics, the number of teeth of the stator and rotor needs to avoid certain undesirable ratios. Different types of motors need to choose different types of winding patterns. Therefore, it is difficult to carry out true serialization and standardized product design in accordance with the principle of geometric similarity.

Confirm this and many more.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of the utility model is to provide a permanent magnet motor, which can solve the shortcomings of the prior art, so that the motor has a better air-gap sine magnetic density wave, smaller harmonics, and higher iron-copper. , Copper-iron surround ratio, simple winding structure, low manufacturing cost, etc.

In order to achieve the above object, the utility model is realized by the following technical scheme: a permanent magnet motor includes a coaxially assembled stator and a rotor; the rotor is made of laminated silicon steel sheets with rotor teeth and rotor slots; the stator has at least two pieces; Permanent magnets and at least two multilayer silicon steel sheet laminates. Permanent magnets and multilayer silicon steel sheet laminates are arranged alternately. Each multilayer silicon steel sheet laminate has two stator teeth, with one between the two stator teeth. Phase shift slot, armature coil is set in the phase shift slot. The number of phase shift slots on the stator is the same as the number of phases. The number of phase shift slots on the stator can also be the same as the multiple of the number of phases. The armature coil is arranged in the phase shift slot of two adjacent multilayer silicon steel sheet laminates, and one armature coil surrounds two stator teeth and one permanent magnet; or one armature coil is arranged in one phase shift Inside the slot, the armature coil surrounds the slot bottom yoke of the phase shift slot. The distance from the middle of the tooth end edge of the rotor tooth to the axis is greater than the distance from the middle of the tooth end edge to the axis. distance. The tooth end curves of the stator and rotor tooth shapes may also be concentric arcs with the axis as the center. The number of teeth on the rotor is equal to the number of phase shift slots on the stator; the number of teeth on the rotor can also be equal to the number of phase shift slots on the stator plus the number of phase shift slots divided by the number of motor phases.

The positive effects of the utility model are as follows: 釆 With a cogging structure with concentrated parameters, each pair of stator teeth sandwiching a permanent magnet is an independent phase, and there is no common tooth between the other phases. The slot can realize the formation of a sine magnetic dense wave in the air · gap between the stator teeth and the rotor teeth of the specific shape described in the present utility model, reduce harmonics, reduce noise, reduce temperature rise, and improve vibration and unevenness. Torque improves efficiency; each armature coil is an independent phase. Each phase shift slot is equivalent to the sum of several small slots in existing motors, saving wires and reducing copper losses. The space of the slot is large, and the proportion of the space occupied by the insulating material and the remaining corners is significantly reduced. The degree of freedom in the operation of the wire is improved, and it is easier to deal with problems such as disordered wiring, twisting and slipping, rigidity and strong bending. It can be used as short as possible. The thick copper wires are tightly packed and densely wound, which can significantly increase the iron, duty cycle and copper wire duty cycle, achieve the highest iron-copper, copper-iron surround ratio, and reduce copper loss and iron loss to a lower level. Level; Because the rotor of the utility model has no windings, no permanent magnets, and no excitation windings, brush slip rings, claw poles, magnetic isolation sleeves, etc., the manufacturing cost is low, and the rotor has excellent dynamic balance. Performance and firmness, smooth running and long life ... As shown in FIG. 1, the rotor of the present utility model is 7-tooth, and can be made into a 6-phase motor, or combined into a 3-phase motor as required. The utility model has the advantages of convenient manufacturing, sufficient magnetization, easy assembly, high utilization rate of magnetic properties, high space utilization rate, convenient installation of damping rings, and is particularly suitable for high-performance permanent magnet materials. The outstanding effect of the utility model in the state of the generator is: the equivalent number of poles P can easily be larger than a permanent-magnet or field-excited rotor generator of a similar scale, which can reach a higher frequency at a slower speed and can output a higher voltage And large electric power; the inductive reactance of the armature winding can play a role of voltage stabilization, and maintain the same voltage supply for the same load when the speed changes in a large range; polyphase motors can reduce the power level of the rectifier device; the starting torque is small , Smooth and easy. The above effects of the utility model as a generator can make the utility model widely used as a vehicle light generator, a wind power generator, and power in these places; machine speed It is low and variable, and the application of the utility model can solve problems that have been difficult to solve for a long time, such as darkening of the lamp due to insufficient performance of the existing generator and lack of power of the battery.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a double-phase degenerate three-phase motor; Figure 2 is a diagram of a six-phase phasor; Figure 3 is a diagram of a degenerate three-phase phasor; Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a stator and a rotor of a two-phase motor; Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a single-phase motor structure; Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an inner stator / outer rotor structure; Schematic. In the figure, 1 is a stator, 2 is a rotor, 3 is a rotor tooth, 4 is a rotor slot, 5 is a permanent magnet, 6 is a multilayer silicon steel sheet laminated body, 7 is a damping ring, 8 is a stator tooth, and 9 is a phase shifting slot. 10 is a sine tooth profile, 1 1 is a sine air gap, 12 is an armature coil, 13 is a phase magnetic pole, 14 is a slot bottom yoke, 15 is an outer stator, 16 is an inner rotor, 17 is an inner stator, and 18 is Outer rotor, 19 is the radial air gap, 20 is the axial air gap, τ is the mechanical angle of the pole pitch, α is the mechanical angle of the stator teeth and rotor teeth, and Φ is the mechanical angle of the phase shift slot; a, b, c, d, e, f, A, B, C, A,, B,, C,, A ₂ , B ₂ , C ₂ are output / input terminals, Ό _α , U _b , U _e , U _d , U _e , U _r , U _A , U _B , U _c are voltage phasors.

detailed description

The utility model is further described with reference to the drawings and embodiments:

The permanent magnet of the utility model can be made of permanent magnet materials such as neodymium-iron-boron, samarium-cobalt alloy, cerium-cobalt copper-iron, ferrite, and the like, and a damping ring 7 can be sleeved around the permanent magnet. The silicon steel sheet of the present utility model can be replaced by other soft magnetic materials such as ferrite, Permalloy, and electric iron. The permanent magnet motor of the utility model comprises a coaxially assembled stator and a rotor. It can also be an inner stator and an outer rotor structure; it can also be an axial air gap structure. The rotor is made of laminated silicon steel sheets with rotor teeth and rotor slots. The stator has at least two permanent magnets and at least two laminated silicon steel sheets. The laminated silicon steel sheets are U-shaped. The permanent magnets It is arranged alternately with multilayer silicon steel sheet laminates. Each multilayer silicon steel sheet laminate has two stator teeth. There is a phase shift slot between the two stator teeth. An armature coil is arranged in the phase shift slot. The number of phase shift slots on the stator is the same as the number of phases. The number of phase shift slots on the stator can also be the same as the multiple of the number of phases.

An armature coil is set in the phase shift slot of two adjacent multilayer silicon steel sheets laminated body. The armature coil surrounds two stator teeth and a permanent magnet. This structure is usually called ring-toothed winding. One armature coil can also be set in one phase-shifting slot, and the armature coil surrounds the slot bottom yoke of the phase-shifting slot. This structure is usually called a ring-yoke winding. The distance from the center of the tooth edge of the rotor tooth to the axis is greater than the distance from the center of the tooth edge to the axis. The distance from the middle of the edge of the tooth end of the stator tooth to the axis is smaller than the distance from the part outside the middle of the edge of the tooth end to the axis. These two tooth shapes are collectively called sine tooth shape10. The tooth end curves of the stator and rotor tooth shapes may also be concentric arcs with the axis as the center. The number of teeth on the rotor is equal to the number of phase shifts 定子 on the stator. The number of teeth on the rotor can also be equal to the quotient of the number of phase shift slots on the stator plus the number of phase shift slots divided by the number of motor phases.

Several specific designs of the utility model are given below:

1. Figure 1 shows a six-phase motor, and then degenerates the symmetrical phase into a three-phase motor. Take the design parameter group: 1. Number of phases m = 3; 2. Phase multiplication factor k _m = 2; 3. Multiplier factor k _p = l (, 2,3, ......); 4. Permanent magnet Number Z _m = k _m k _p m = 6; 5. Number of stator teeth

Z | —2Z _m — 12; 6.Number of rotor teeth Z ₂ = Z _m + k _p = 7; 7.Number of equivalent pole pairs p = Z ₂ = 7;

2 π

8. Polar distance mechanical angle τ = = 51.43 °; 9, τ _ε = 2 π = 360 °;

ZE ₂

τ

10. Tooth mechanical angle α = = 25.72. 11. Electric tooth angle α _e = π = 180 °

2 "

2 π k _p . 2 π k _p

12. Mechanical angle of the phase-shifting slot Φ = —— = 8.57 °; 13. Electrical angle of the phase-shifting slot Φ = —— = 60 °;

Make a fixed rotor according to this data list, six-phase input or output voltages u _a , u _b , u _e ,

The phasor diagrams of U _d , _Ue and U _f are shown in Fig. 2 and the phasor diagrams of the output / input voltages U _a , U _b and U _e after the degenerate output / input terminals become three phases are shown in Fig. 3. The equivalent number of pole pairs of this motor is p = 7, which is equivalent to the existing 14-pole synchronous motor. When a three-phase current of 50 Hz is input, the synchronous speed can be obtained. (11.428.61) 111; When driven with a speed of 3000 rpm, Can be issued as frequently! For the three-phase electric power of ^ 3501 ^, if we take the multiplier coefficient k _p = 2,3,4 and so on, we can get the derivative series products of this motor p = 14,21,28 and so on. The corresponding n ₂ = 214.3 ipm, n ₃ -142.9 rpm, n ₄ = 107.1 rpm; f ₂ = 700Hz, f ₃ = 1050Hz _; f ₄ = 1400Hz.

2. Figure 4 shows another three-phase motor, k _p = 2, taking the design parameter group: m = 3; k _m = l; k _p = 2 (, 4,6); Z _m = 6; Z ) = 12; Z ₂ = 8; p = 8 _; τ = 45 °; τ = 360 °; α = 22.5 °; a _e = 180. ;

Φ = = 15 °; Φ ₆ = 120 °;

z _m z ₂

Figure 4 shows the unfolding diagram of the stator and rotor of this motor. The three-phase output / input terminals are A, + A ₂ ; B, + B ₂ , d + C ₂ . p = 8 is equivalent to a 16-pole synchronous motor, with a synchronous speed of 375 rpm at 50 Hz and a power generation frequency of 400 Hz at 3000 rpm. In this example, k _{p is} not an odd number. When taking k _p = 4, 6, ..., a series of products such as p = 16, 24, ... can be obtained. In the same series, as k _p increases, τ, α, φ decrease proportionally, but T _e , a _e , φ ₆ are constant, and compared with Example 1, Φ _{ε of} different series is not Same, but a _e is constant in any system. In Example 2, although A, A ₂ , BiB ₂ , and CC ₂ are also connected in series and divided into three outputs, they are not degenerate.

3. Figure 5 shows a schematic diagram of the stator and rotor of a two-phase motor. The two-phase output / input terminals are 88 ^ B! + B ₂ . Design parameter group: m = 2; k _m -2 _; k _p = l (, 2,3); Z _m = 4;

°; The synchronous speed of this motor is 600 rpm when driven by industrial frequency, and the frequency is 250Hz when 3000 rpm is used for power generation. The significance of two-phase motors lies in the large number of applications without three-phase power, such as household appliances, simple power tools, etc., as long as the single-phase power is split through the capacitor, it can be moved.

4. Figure 6 shows a single-phase motor. When the number of phases m = 1, the multi-phase motor degenerates into a single-phase motor. If a phase shift slot is set, there are> _e = 180 °. However, since a 180 ° phase difference is very easy to implement, it is only that the winding terminals are connected in opposite directions, so no phase shift slot is provided in this example, but a wire slot is still required.

Take the design data set: m = l, k _m = 2, k _p = l (, 2,3 ...), Z _m = 2, Z, = 4, Z ₂ = Z _m = 2-p, τ = 180 °, α = 90 °; Φ = 0 °.

The armature coils in the embodiments of the present invention can be wound around the bottom yoke of the phase-shifting slot like A ₂ Ι3 in the figure to form a ring-yoke winding; or they can be affixed to two stator teeth like ^ and B ₂ A ring-shaped winding is formed on a phase magnetic pole composed of a permanent magnet, and only one of the two methods is selected.

The embodiment described in the present invention is not limited to this embodiment.

Claims

Rights request

The K permanent magnet machine includes a coaxially assembled stator and rotor. The rotor is made of laminated silicon steel sheets with rotor teeth and rotor slots, and is characterized in that the stator has at least two permanent magnets and at least two multilayer silicon steels. The laminated body, the permanent magnet and the multilayer silicon steel sheet laminated body are arranged alternately. Each laminated silicon steel sheet laminated body has two stator teeth, and a phase shift slot is provided between the two stator teeth. The phase shift slot is arranged in the phase shift slot. Armature coil.

2. The permanent magnet motor according to claim 1, wherein the number of phase shifting slots on the stator is the same as the number of phases.

3. The permanent magnet motor according to claim 1, wherein: the number of phase shifting slots on the stator is the same as a multiple of the number of phases.

4. The permanent magnet according to claim 1, 2 or 3! It is characterized in that: the armature coil is arranged in the phase-shifting province of two adjacent multilayer silicon steel laminations, and one armature coil surrounds two stator teeth and one permanent magnet.

5. The permanent magnet electric device 1 according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: 1 armature coil is disposed in a phase shifting slot, and the armature coil surrounds a slot bottom yoke of the phase shifting slot.

6. The permanent magnet motor according to claim 1, wherein the distance from the middle section of the tooth end edge of the rotor tooth to the axis is greater than the distance from the part outside the middle section of the tooth end edge to the axis.

7. The permanent magnet motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: the distance between the middle section of the tooth end edge of the stator tooth shape and the axis is smaller than the distance from the part outside the middle section of the tooth end edge to the axis Distance.

8. The permanent magnet motor according to claim 1, wherein the tooth end curve of the stator and rotor tooth profile is a concentric arc with the axis as the center.

9. The permanent magnet motor according to claim 1, 6, 7 or 8, wherein the number of teeth on the rotor is equal to the number of phase shift slots on the stator.

10. The permanent magnet motor according to claim 1, 6, 7, or 8, characterized in that: the number of teeth on the rotor is equal to the number of phase shift slots on the stator plus the number of phase shift slots divided by the number of motor phases .