CN104467147B - A kind of integrated wireless sensor photoelectric micro-source energy control system and method - Google Patents
A kind of integrated wireless sensor photoelectric micro-source energy control system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104467147B CN104467147B CN201410705592.7A CN201410705592A CN104467147B CN 104467147 B CN104467147 B CN 104467147B CN 201410705592 A CN201410705592 A CN 201410705592A CN 104467147 B CN104467147 B CN 104467147B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
Abstract
A kind of integrated wireless sensor photoelectric micro-source energy control system and method; including solaode, bleeder circuit, reference voltage circuit, also include protecting diode A, protection diode B, charging protector, energy accumulator, power-distribution management control circuit, additional storage, manostat, MEMS wireless senser.The present invention, relative to traditional method, has circuit and simply, easily realizes on sheet integrated, can work under illumination and non-illuminated conditions, is suitable in MEMS sensor node integrated on sheet using.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of application of photoelectric technology, be specifically related to a kind of integrated wireless sensor photoelectric micro-source energy control system
With method.
Background technology
Along with microelectric technique and the development of MEMS sensor technology, the power consumption of MEMS wireless sensor node is more and more less (to swash
State power consumption of living is a few mW, and resting state power consumption is tens μ W), and the time shared by state of activation is shorter, node long-term work
In resting state.Using traditional power technology is that MEMS wireless sensor node is powered, and it directly limits wireless sensor node
Miniaturization.Furthermore, it is contemplated that wireless sensor node is generally used for the monitoring etc. to outlying area surroundings and poisonous and harmful substance,
Follow-up maintenance is the most difficult.To this end, switching environment energy is MEMS wireless sensor node power be expand and extend wireless biography
The main path of sensor node working life.Wherein, due to solar energy have widely distributed, energy density is big, pollution-free and light
Volt battery is prone to the feature such as integrated with circuit, and therefore, the research micro-energy of photoelectricity is that MEMS wireless sensor node is powered and become one
Plant important selection.
Describe a kind of in photovoltaic energy in patent " the self-powered micro-system that a kind of photovoltaic energy is integrated with sensor node ",
Utilize specialized lithium ion battery charge protection chip MAX1811 as charge protector, it is achieved the charger to lithium ion battery
The method protected.In patent " method and device of charging reasonable to lithium ion battery in micro photovoltaic system ", describe one
Plant the method utilizing monolithic processor controlled pulsed to charge for lithium ion battery.The energy storage control mode of the micro-energy of above photoelectricity,
Its control system is complex, and oneself power consumption is relatively big, reaches tens mW, and it is well-suited for the wireless senser of power consumption tens mW
Node is powered, and the micro-energy of photovoltaic uses circuit board mode integrated.
But, along with microelectric technique and the development of MEMS sensor technology, the power consumption of MEMS wireless sensor node is increasingly
Little (state of activation power consumption is a few mW, and resting state power consumption is tens μ W), and the time shared by state of activation is shorter, and node is long
Phase is operated in resting state.Its average power consumption is in μ W level.Therefore, on the sheet of the micro-energy of photovoltaic, the integrated MEMS that become is miniaturized
Inevitable requirement.But, complicated management scheme is due to features such as Circuits System are complicated and oneself power consumption is bigger, it is difficult to
Solaode realizes on sheet integrated.Therefore, the energy storage management mode of the micro photovoltaic system of foregoing descriptions is not suitable for
On sheet, integrated photovoltaic micro-energy resource system uses.
At present, can the micro-energy of integrated electro on the long-term sheet powered for MEMS wireless sensor node under illumination and non-illuminated conditions
Source energy conversion, storage and Protection control system and control method research thereof do not have relevant report.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention precisely in order to overcome defect that above-mentioned prior art exists and provide a kind of can be long-term at illumination and unglazed photograph
Under the conditions of integrated electro micro-source energy conversion on the sheet powered for MEMS wireless sensor node, the control system that stores and distribute
With control method.
A kind of integrated wireless sensor photoelectric micro-source energy control system, including solaode, bleeder circuit, reference voltage
Circuit, present invention is characterized in that and also include protecting diode A, protection diode B, charging protector, energy accumulator, energy
Amount allocation manager control circuit, additional storage, manostat, MEMS wireless senser；
Wherein, solaode is used for changing solar energy into electric energy；
Protection diode A is used for preventing solaode solaode short circuit when charging protector turns on；
When charge protection diode B is used for preventing charge protection, energy accumulator outfan is shorted electric discharge；
Energy accumulator for storing solaode output energy when solar irradiation and MEMS sensor resting state, at MEMS
It is mixed into MEMS sensor with auxiliary energy storage during sensor activation state to power；
Charging protector turns on when energy accumulator is full of, and by photovoltaic cell output bypass, photovoltaic cell stops storing energy
Device charges；
Bleeder circuit provides for energy distribution control circuit and controls input signal；
Reference voltage circuit provides reference control voltage for energy distribution control circuit；
Energy distribution control circuit monitors the charging voltage of energy accumulator in real time by controlling input signal, and energy accumulator is full of
Time, energy assignment control output charge protection control signal, control charging protector conducting；
Supplementary energy store is mainly used in when MEMS wireless sensor node state of activation, in parallel with energy accumulator for sensing
Device node is powered；
Manostat is mainly used in providing stable operating voltage for MEMS wireless sensor node.
The annexation of above-mentioned composition device is:
Solaode is connected with one end of charging protector and one end of protection diode B through protection diode A simultaneously, charging
The other end of protector is connected with one end of energy dispensing controller, the other end of protection diode B simultaneously with energy accumulator,
Bleeder circuit, energy dispensing controller, reference voltage circuit, one end of manostat are connected, and one end of bleeder circuit is divided with energy
Joining controller one end to be connected, one end of reference voltage circuit is connected with energy dispensing controller one end, one end of manostat and MEMS
One end of sensor is connected, the negative pole of solaode simultaneously with bleeder circuit, reference voltage circuit, charging protector, energy
Memorizer, power-distribution management control circuit, additional storage, manostat, the negative pole of MEMS wireless senser are connected.
Power-distribution management control circuit of the present invention is by NMOS field effect transistor T2、T3、T4, and PMOS field effect transistor T3、T4
Composition, NMOS field effect transistor T2、T3、T4Cut-in voltage be 1.5V, the length-width ratio of raceway groove is 2:4, PMOS field effect transistor T3、
T4Pinch-off voltage be-2.5V, the length-width ratio of raceway groove is 1:1, and charging protector is by PMOS field effect transistor T1Constitute, T1Pinch off
Voltage is-1.5V；
A kind of control method of integrated wireless sensor photoelectric micro-source energy control system:
First, under the conditions of solar irradiation, utilize MEMS wireless senser work and sleep state, it is achieved the conversion of solar energy,
The charge protection of storage and energy accumulator controls, when MEMS wireless sensor node is operated in state of activation, photovoltaic cell,
Energy accumulator is in parallel with additional storage is that sensor node is powered, secondly, under the conditions of without solar irradiation, and energy accumulator
In parallel with additional storage is that sensor node is powered, and compared with using single energy accumulator power supply mode, it can effectively carry
High output peak power, the memory inside that reduces are lost, prolongation power-on time；
For improving energy conversion, storage efficiency and realizing the charge protection control of energy accumulator, integrated wireless sensor photoelectric is micro-
Source energy control system possesses five kinds of duties, it may be assumed that energy storage, hybrid power supply, charge protection, parallel operation and energy
Amount unloading；
Under the conditions of solar irradiation, when wireless sensor node is operated in resting state, photovoltaic micro-source energy control system works
Storing state at energy, solaode is output as energy accumulator and additional storage charging, and supplies for sensor node simultaneously
Electricity, solaode output electric current required equal to energy accumulator, the charging current of additional storage, energy management system self
Operating current and wireless sensor node operating current sum, each current relationship is shown below:
Is=Iec+Icc+Ics+Irs (1)
(1) I in formulasElectric current, I is exported for solaodeecFor micro cell charging current, IccFor additional storage charging current,
IcsFor self operating current, I needed for energy management systemrsIt is operated in resting state operating current for wireless senser；According to energy
The voltage characteristic of memorizer, the open-circuit voltage of appropriate design solaode, can guarantee that solar cell working is at maximum power point
Near so that it is there is bigger output conversion efficiency；
Under illumination condition, when wireless sensor node is operated in state of activation, system is operated in hybrid power supply state, solar energy
Battery, energy accumulator, additional storage are powered for sensor node simultaneously, and the relation between electric current is shown below:
Ira=Ie+Ic+Is-Ics (2)
(2) in formula, IcsFor self operating current, I needed for EMSraIt is operated in activation shape for wireless sensor node
State electric current, ISSolaode output electric current, IeEnergy accumulator output electric current, IcAdditional storage output electric current, supplies in mixing
Under the conditions of electricity, owing to additional storage (capacitor) branch impedance is less, the electric current provided for sensor node is relatively big, therefore,
Hybrid power supply pattern can be effectively improved energy accumulator output peak power, reduces internal loss and extend power-on time；
Under illumination condition, when energy accumulator is full of, photovoltaic micro-source energy management system is operated in charge protection state, this
Time, charging protector conducting, solaode output, through protection diode A bypass, stops charging for energy storage, meanwhile,
Protection diode B cut-off, prevents the charged protector of energy accumulator from discharging, at the charge protection state of energy accumulator, energy
Amount memorizer, additional storage are simultaneously in parallel powers for sensor node, energy accumulator is in parallel with additional storage be MEMS without
Line sensor node is powered, and the relation between each electric current is shown below:
Irs=Ies+Icd-Ics (3)
(3) in formula, IsElectric current, I is exported for solaodeesFor energy accumulator discharge current, IcdDischarge for additional storage
Electric current, IcsFor self operating current, I needed for EMSrsIt is operated in resting state operating current for wireless senser；
Under non-illuminated conditions, solaode output voltage electric current is less, protection diode A and protection diode B cut-off, when
When MEMS wireless senser device node is operated in state of activation, energy management system is operated in parallel operation state, energy accumulator
And additional storage powers for MEMS wireless sensor node simultaneously, energy accumulator discharge current, additional storage discharge current
Parallel connection is powered for wireless sensor node, and the relation between electric current is shown below:
Ira=Ie-Ics+Ic (4)
(4) in formula, IcsFor self operating current, I needed for energy management systemraIt is operated in state of activation work for wireless senser
Make electric current, IeEnergy accumulator discharge current, IcAdditional storage discharge current；
Under non-illuminated conditions, when wireless senser device node is operated in resting state, energy management system is operated in energy unloading
State, on the one hand energy accumulator charges for additional storage, on the other hand powers for wireless sensor node, energy accumulator
Discharge stream, relation between additional storage energy storage electric current and wireless sensor node operating current are shown below:
Ie=Irs+Ics+Icc (5)
(5) in formula, IcsFor self operating current, I needed for energy management systemeEnergy accumulator discharge current, IccAuxiliary storage
Device energy storage electric current, IrsWireless sensor node is operated in resting state operating current.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, present disclosure is as integrated, low on a kind of sheet of MEMS wireless sensor node design
Power consumption photoelectricity micro-source energy control system and control method.The energy control method of the present invention combines MEMS wireless sensor node
Power consumption characteristics (state of activation power consumption is a few mW, and resting state power consumption is tens μ W, and the time shared by state of activation is shorter, node
Long-term work is in resting state), on the one hand realize the photovoltaic cell output storage of energy, transmission, charge protection and node are powered
Management, and realize the conversion and control to energy by conservative control solar cell working voltage, it is effectively increased the utilization of energy
Efficiency and the area reducing solaode.On the other hand when MEMS wireless sensor node is operated in state of activation, energy
Amount memorizer is in parallel with additional storage is that sensor node is powered, compared with using single energy accumulator power supply mode, its
Output peak power can be effectively improved, reduce memory inside loss, prolongation power-on time etc..
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is photovoltaic of the present invention micro-source energy Control system architecture figure；
Fig. 2 is energy storage state energy transmission equivalent model figure；
Fig. 3 is that hybrid power supply state energy transmits equivalent model figure；
Fig. 4 is energy transmission equivalent model figure under charge protection state；
Fig. 5 is that parallel operation state energy transmits equivalent model figure；
Fig. 6 is that energy dump states energy transmits equivalent model figure；
Fig. 7 is that the micro-source energy of photovoltaic manages circuit system structure figure；
Fig. 8 is solaode output voltage variation diagram；
Fig. 9 is reference circuit change in voltage figure；
Figure 10 is the output voltage variation diagram of energy distribution control circuit；
Figure 11 is micro-energy resource system output voltage variation diagram.
Detailed description of the invention
A kind of integrated wireless sensor photoelectric micro-source energy control system, including solaode, bleeder circuit, reference voltage
Circuit, present invention is characterized in that and also include protecting diode A, protection diode B, charging protector, energy accumulator, energy
Amount allocation manager control circuit, additional storage, manostat, MEMS wireless senser；
Wherein, solaode is used for changing solar energy into electric energy；
Protection diode A is used for preventing solaode solaode short circuit when charging protector turns on；
When charge protection diode B is used for preventing charge protection, energy accumulator outfan is shorted electric discharge；
Energy accumulator for storing solaode output energy when solar irradiation and MEMS sensor resting state, at MEMS
It is mixed into MEMS sensor with auxiliary energy storage during sensor activation state to power；
Charging protector turns on when energy accumulator is full of, and by photovoltaic cell output bypass, photovoltaic cell stops storing energy
Device charges；
Bleeder circuit provides for energy distribution control circuit and controls input signal；
Reference voltage circuit provides reference control voltage for energy distribution control circuit；
Energy distribution control circuit monitors the charging voltage of energy accumulator in real time by controlling input signal, and energy accumulator is full of
Time, energy assignment control output charge protection control signal, control charging protector conducting；
Supplementary energy store is mainly used in when MEMS wireless sensor node state of activation, in parallel with energy accumulator for sensing
Device node is powered；
Manostat is mainly used in providing stable operating voltage for MEMS wireless sensor node.
The annexation of above-mentioned composition device is:
Solaode is connected with one end of charging protector and one end of protection diode B through protection diode A simultaneously, charging
The other end of protector is connected with one end of energy dispensing controller, the other end of protection diode B simultaneously with energy accumulator,
Bleeder circuit, energy dispensing controller, reference voltage circuit, one end of manostat are connected, and one end of bleeder circuit is divided with energy
Joining controller one end to be connected, one end of reference voltage circuit is connected with energy dispensing controller one end, one end of manostat and MEMS
One end of sensor is connected, the negative pole of solaode simultaneously with bleeder circuit, reference voltage circuit, charging protector, energy
Memorizer, power-distribution management control circuit, additional storage, manostat, the negative pole of MEMS wireless senser are connected.
Power-distribution management control circuit of the present invention is by NMOS field effect transistor T2、T3、T4, and PMOS field effect transistor T3、T4
Composition, NMOS field effect transistor T2、T3、T4Cut-in voltage be 1.5V, the length-width ratio of raceway groove is 2:4, PMOS field effect transistor T3、
T4Pinch-off voltage be-2.5V, the length-width ratio of raceway groove is 1:1, and charging protector is by PMOS field effect transistor T1Constitute, T1Pinch off
Voltage is-1.5V.
A kind of control method of integrated wireless sensor photoelectric micro-source energy control system:
First, under the conditions of solar irradiation, utilize MEMS wireless senser work and sleep state, it is achieved the conversion of solar energy,
The charge protection of storage and energy accumulator controls, when MEMS wireless sensor node is operated in state of activation, photovoltaic cell,
Energy accumulator is in parallel with additional storage is that sensor node is powered, secondly, under the conditions of without solar irradiation, and energy accumulator
In parallel with additional storage is that sensor node is powered, and compared with using single energy accumulator power supply mode, it can effectively carry
High output peak power, the memory inside that reduces are lost, prolongation power-on time；
For improving energy conversion, storage efficiency and realizing the charge protection control of energy accumulator, integrated wireless sensor photoelectric is micro-
Source energy control system possesses five kinds of duties, it may be assumed that energy storage, hybrid power supply, charge protection, parallel operation and energy
Amount unloading；
Under the conditions of solar irradiation, when wireless sensor node is operated in resting state, photovoltaic micro-source energy control system works
Storing state at energy, solaode is output as energy accumulator and additional storage charging, and supplies for sensor node simultaneously
Electricity, solaode output electric current required equal to energy accumulator, the charging current of additional storage, energy management system self
Operating current and wireless sensor node operating current sum, each current relationship is shown below:
Is=Iec+Icc+Ics+Irs (1)
(1) I in formulasElectric current, I is exported for solaodeecFor micro cell charging current, IccFor additional storage charging current,
IcsFor self operating current, I needed for energy management systemrsIt is operated in resting state operating current for wireless senser；According to energy
The voltage characteristic of memorizer, the open-circuit voltage of appropriate design solaode, can guarantee that solar cell working is at maximum power point
Near so that it is there is bigger output conversion efficiency；
Under illumination condition, when wireless sensor node is operated in state of activation, system is operated in hybrid power supply state, solar energy
Battery, energy accumulator, additional storage are powered for sensor node simultaneously, and the relation between electric current is shown below:
Ira=Ie+Ic+Is-Ics (2)
(2) in formula, IcsFor self operating current, I needed for EMSraIt is operated in activation shape for wireless sensor node
State electric current, ISSolaode output electric current, IeEnergy accumulator output electric current, IcAdditional storage output electric current, supplies in mixing
Under the conditions of electricity, owing to additional storage (capacitor) branch impedance is less, the electric current provided for sensor node is relatively big, therefore,
Hybrid power supply pattern can be effectively improved energy accumulator output peak power, reduces internal loss and extend power-on time；
Under illumination condition, when energy accumulator is full of, photovoltaic micro-source energy management system is operated in charge protection state, this
Time, charging protector conducting, solaode output, through protection diode A bypass, stops charging for energy storage, meanwhile,
Protection diode B cut-off, prevents the charged protector of energy accumulator from discharging, at the charge protection state of energy accumulator, energy
Amount memorizer, additional storage are simultaneously in parallel powers for sensor node, energy accumulator is in parallel with additional storage be MEMS without
Line sensor node is powered, and the relation between each electric current is shown below:
Irs=Ies+Icd-Ics (3)
(3) in formula, IsElectric current, I is exported for solaodeesFor energy accumulator discharge current, IcdDischarge for additional storage
Electric current, IcsFor self operating current, I needed for EMSrsIt is operated in resting state operating current for wireless senser；
Under non-illuminated conditions, solaode output voltage electric current is less, protection diode A and protection diode B cut-off, when
When MEMS wireless senser device node is operated in state of activation, energy management system is operated in parallel operation state, energy accumulator
And additional storage powers for MEMS wireless sensor node simultaneously, energy accumulator discharge current, additional storage discharge current
Parallel connection is powered for wireless sensor node, and the relation between electric current is shown below:
Ira=Ie-Ics+Ic (4)
(4) in formula, IcsFor self operating current, I needed for energy management systemraIt is operated in state of activation work for wireless senser
Make electric current, IeEnergy accumulator discharge current, IcAdditional storage discharge current；
Under non-illuminated conditions, when wireless senser device node is operated in resting state, energy management system is operated in energy unloading
State, on the one hand energy accumulator charges for additional storage, on the other hand powers for wireless sensor node, energy accumulator
Discharge stream, relation between additional storage energy storage electric current and wireless sensor node operating current are shown below:
Ie=Irs+Ics+Icc (5)
(5) in formula, IcsFor self operating current, I needed for energy management systemeEnergy accumulator discharge current, IccAuxiliary storage
Device energy storage electric current, IrsWireless sensor node is operated in resting state operating current.
Energy control method of the present invention includes five duties: energy storage, hybrid power supply, charge protection, parallel operation and
Five states of energy unloading.
Energy management method
According to the structure of photovoltaic micro-source energy management system, for improving the conversion of solar energy, storage and efficiency of transmission, it is ensured that
MEMS wireless sensor node is long-term, steady operation.In conjunction with different illumination conditions, devise the energy pipe of micro photovoltaic system
Reason scheme.
(1) energy storage state principle
Under the conditions of solar irradiation, when wireless sensor node is operated in resting state, photovoltaic micro-source energy management system
Being operated in energy storage state, solaode is output as energy accumulator and additional storage charging, and saves for sensor simultaneously
Point power supply.Under energy storage state, system capacity transmission equivalent model is as shown in Figure 2.
In Fig. 2, energy accumulator is equivalent to power supply E, and additional storage is equivalent to capacitor C, and EMS is equivalent to
Rcs, MEMS wireless sensor node is equivalent to resistance Rs, solaode output electric current is equal to energy accumulator, additional storage
Charging current, EMS self operating current required and wireless sensor node operating current sum, such as following formula institute
Is=Iec+Icc+Ics+Irs
I in above formulasElectric current, I is exported for solaodeecFor micro cell charging current, IccFor additional storage charging current, Ics
For self operating current, I needed for EMSrsIt is operated in resting state operating current for wireless senser.It addition, according to
The voltage characteristic of energy accumulator, appropriate design solaode, it is ensured that solar cell working is near maximum power point, really
Protect it and there is bigger output conversion efficiency.
(2) hybrid power supply state principle
Under illumination condition, when wireless sensor node is operated in state of activation, system is operated in hybrid power supply state, too
Sun energy battery, energy accumulator, additional storage are powered for sensor node simultaneously.System capacity transmission under hybrid power supply state
Equivalent-circuit model is as shown in Figure 3.
In Fig. 3, solaode output electric current Is, energy accumulator discharge current Ie, additional storage discharge current Ic, mixed
It is combined into wireless senser to power.Relation between each electric current is shown below.
Ira=Ie+Ic+Is-Ics
In above formula, IcsFor self operating current, I needed for EMSraIt is operated in state of activation electricity for wireless sensor node
Stream.
Under the conditions of hybrid power supply, owing to additional storage (capacitor) branch impedance is less, the electricity provided for sensor node
Flow bigger.Therefore, hybrid power supply pattern can be effectively improved energy accumulator output peak power, reduces internal loss and extend confession
The electricity time.
(3) charge protection operation principle:
Under illumination condition, when energy accumulator is full of, photovoltaic micro-source energy management system is operated in charge protection state.
Charging protection switch k turns on, and solaode output, through protection diode A (D1) bypass, stops as energy storage charging.
Meanwhile, protection diode B cut-off, prevent energy accumulator charged protection switch k electric discharge.Charger at energy accumulator
Protecting state, energy accumulator, additional storage are the most in parallel powers for sensor node.Under charge protection state, system capacity passes
Defeated equivalent-circuit model is as shown in Figure 4.
In Fig. 4, solaode output electric current is Is, micro cell discharge current is Ies, additional storage discharge current be Icd,
IcsFor self operating current needed for EMS, it is I that wireless senser is operated in resting state operating currentrs.Energy stores
Device is in parallel with additional storage is that MEMS wireless sensor node is powered.Relation between each electric current is shown below:
Irs=Ies+Icd-Ics
(4) parallel operation state principle
Under non-illuminated conditions, solaode output voltage electric current is less, protection diode A and protection diode B cut-off.?
When MEMS wireless senser device node is operated in state of activation, EMS is operated in parallel operation state, energy accumulator
And additional storage powers for MEMS wireless sensor node simultaneously.System capacity transmission equivalent model is as shown in Figure 5.
In Fig. 5, energy accumulator discharge current Ie, additional storage discharge current IcParallel connection is powered for wireless sensor node.
Relation between each electric current is shown below
Ira=Ie-Ics+Ic
In above formula, IcsFor self operating current, I needed for EMSraIt is operated in state of activation work for wireless senser
Electric current.
(5) energy dump states principle
When wireless senser device node is operated in resting state, EMS is operated in energy dump states, energy accumulator
On the one hand charge for additional storage, on the other hand power for wireless sensor node simultaneously.Under energy dump states, system energy
Amount transmission equivalent model is as shown in Figure 6.
In Fig. 6, energy accumulator discharge current Ie, additional storage energy storage electric current Icc, IrsWireless sensor node
It is operated in resting state operating current.Relation between each electric current is shown below
Ie=Irs+Ics+Icc
In above formula, IcsFor self operating current needed for EMS.
According under different operating state, the analysis of source energy micro-to photovoltaic management system programme of work, the photovoltaic of shown design is micro-
Source energy Managed Solution, on the one hand realizes the charge protection of the conversion of solar energy, storage and energy accumulator, and it is by closing
Reason controls solar cell working voltage and realizes the conversion and control to energy, meanwhile, utilizes the change of sensor node duty
Control storage and the transmission of energy, be effectively increased the utilization ratio of energy and reduce the area of solaode.On the other hand
When MEMS wireless sensor node is operated in state of activation, energy accumulator is in parallel with additional storage is that sensor node supplies
Electricity, compared with using single energy accumulator power supply mode, it can be effectively improved output peak power, reduce memory inside
Loss, prolongation power-on time.
Energy memory-type integrated photovoltaic micro-energy resource system and analysis
(1) the micro-energy of energy memory-type integrated photovoltaic sets system
Change for realizing the energy of the micro-energy of photoelectricity, store and distribute and integrated requirement on sheet, photovoltaic micro-source energy pipe of design
Reason Circuits System is as shown in Figure 7.
In the figure 7, for preparation technology integrated on simplified system sheet, solaode uses silicon solar battery structure.Energy is deposited
Reservoir is solid film lithium ion battery, and its preparation technology has preferable compatibility with the preparation technology of integrated-optic device, has
It is beneficial on the sheet of micro photovoltaic system integrated.Solid film lithium ion battery (micro cell) normal working voltage is 3.5V-4.2V,
Under charge condition, owing to being affected by internal resistance and polarization resistance, the voltage of solid film lithium ion battery at 3.7V-4.4V,
Battery capacity is relevant with the wireless sensor node non-illuminated conditions lower working time etc..According to circuit is protected diode D1、D2With
Solid film lithium ion battery operating characteristic, the solaode output open circuit voltage of design is 7V, its maximum power point correspondence electricity
It is pressed in about 4.9V.Solaode real work Control of Voltage is between 4.3V-5.1V, near maximum power point so that it is tool
There is bigger output, and output energy can be efficiently stored.
Charging protection switch circuit is by field effect transistor T1, Schottky diode D1、D2Composition, field effect transistor T1Duty be subject to
Energy distribution control circuit controls, its cut-in voltage VTFor 1.5V.Diode D1、D2In solid film lithium ion battery charges
Conducting, ends when solid film lithium ion battery is full of.D1For preventing T1During conducting, solaode outfan is shorted.
D2For preventing T1During conducting, solid film lithium ion battery is shorted electric discharge.
Potentiometer is by resistance R1And R2Composition, at resistance R2The voltage that upper generation one is consistent with the change of solid film lithium ion battery.
Reference circuits is by resistance R3With two series diode D3、D4Composition, is used for producing 1.5V reference voltage, is conducive to simplifying
Integrated technique in system on chip.Energy distribution control circuit is by NMOS field effect transistor T2、T3、T4With PMOS field effect transistor T5、T6
Composition.Normal work for safeguards system, it is desirable to NMOS field effect transistor T2、T3、T4Cut-in voltage VTFor 1.5V, and raceway groove
Length-width ratio be 2:4, PMOS field effect transistor T5、T6Pinch-off voltage VPFor-2.5V, and the length-width ratio of raceway groove is 1:1.
Supplementary energy store is capacitor, uses technique integrated in MOS capacitor technological design, beneficially simplified system sheet,
According to the relative theory of MOS capacitor, during condenser capacity C=5 μ F, capacitor area Sc=0.15cm2.Mu balanced circuit is by one
Individual resistance R4With four diode D5、D6、D7、D8It is composed in series.
The outfan of solaode is connected with the positive pole of diode D1, the negative pole of D1 simultaneously with positive pole and the field effect of diode D2
Should the drain electrode of pipe T1 connect, the negative pole of D2 simultaneously with the positive pole of solid film lithium ion battery E, one end of resistance R1, field effect
Should pipe T5 source electrode, field effect transistor T6 source electrode, one end of resistance R3, one end of one end of capacitor C and resistance R4 connect,
The grid of T1 is connected with the grid of the drain electrode of T3, the drain electrode of T5 and T5, T6 simultaneously, with one end of R2 while of the other end of R1
Being connected with the grid of T3, the grid of T2 is connected with T3 source electrode, T4 source electrode with drain electrode simultaneously, another with R3 while of the grid of T4
One end, the positive pole of diode D3 are connected, and the drain electrode of T4 is connected with the drain electrode of T6 pipe, the negative pole of diode D3 and diode D4
Positive pole be connected, the resistance R4 other end is connected with MEMS wireless sensor node power positive end, the positive pole of diode D5 simultaneously,
The negative pole of diode D5 is connected with the positive pole of diode D6, and the negative pole of diode D6 is connected with the positive pole of diode D7, the sun
Can battery negative pole simultaneously with the source electrode of T1 pipe, the negative pole of solid film lithium ion battery E, the other end of resistance R, T1 pipe
Source electrode, the negative pole of diode D4, the other end of electric capacity C, the negative pole of diode D8 and the electricity of MEMS wireless sensor node
Source negative pole is connected.
(2) experiment of energy memory-type photovoltaic micro-energy characteristics and analysis
According to the output voltage excursion (4.3V-5.1V) of design solaode, the operating characteristic of design system each several part is entered
Go experimental analysis.
During solaode is the charging of solid film lithium ion battery, the change in voltage characteristic of solaode is as shown in Figure 8.
Can find out from Fig. 8, during film lithium ion battery charges, after its charging voltage reaches 4.3V, along with charged electrical
The rising of pressure, charging protection switch (field effect transistor T1) is gradually turned on, and solaode output voltage is gradually reduced, solid-state
Film lithium ion battery charging enters trickle charge state, when lithium ion battery charging voltage reaches 4.4V, and solaode electricity
Pressure is 4.7V, protected diode D2Conducting voltage (0.3V) limit, solaode stop to micro cell charge, reach
Prevent the purpose of micro cell overcharge.
In the change of charging process reference circuits as it is shown in figure 9, its output voltage is basically stable at 1.5V.
In the charging of solid film lithium ion battery, energy distributes the output voltage of control circuit as shown in Figure 10, with film lithium ion
The rising control circuit output voltage of battery charging voltage gradually rises, and controls the conducting state of charging protection switch.
In sensor node dormancy state, micro-energy resource system output voltage is as shown in figure 11.Micro cell charging voltage is at 3.7V-4.7V
Between change time, output voltage changes between 3.065V-3.238V.Its source effect is 3.9%, has preferable stability.
In a word, according to emulation above and analysis result it can be seen that simulation analysis result is consistent with theoretical analysis result, set
The energy memory-type integrated photovoltaic micro-energy resource system of meter meets design requirement.
Power consumption feature according to MEMS wireless sensor node, have studied the management scheme of the micro-energy of integrated photovoltaic on sheet and sets
Count integrated photovoltaic micro-energy resource system, and the characteristic of designed system has been analyzed.According to there being non-illuminated conditions, proposed
Management scheme be made up of energy storage, hybrid power supply, charge protection, parallel operation and five states of energy unloading, real
Now storage, transmission and the power supply management to energy.Designed integrated electro energy storage system is by solaode, charger
Protect on-off circuit, solid film lithium ion battery, bleeder circuit, reference circuit and energy distribution control circuit, auxiliary energy to deposit
Reservoir and mu balanced circuit etc. form.It is compatible that device selected by system has integrated technique on preferable sheet.Design system uses
The method for bypass realizes solid film lithium ion additives for overcharge protection, has the simple feature of circuit.Meanwhile, according to system components work
Make voltage characteristic, appropriate design solaode parameter, can ensure that solar cell working, near peak power output point, makes
It has bigger output conversion efficiency and power.It addition, be operated in state of activation at MEMS wireless sensor node, solid-state is thin
Film lithium ion battery is in parallel with additional storage (capacitor) powers for sensor node, is effectively improved output peak power, subtracts
The loss of little memory inside, prolongation storage energy power-on time.
Claims (2)
1. a control method for integrated wireless sensor photoelectric micro-source energy control system, wherein, control system includes the sun
Energy battery, bleeder circuit, reference voltage circuit, it is characterised in that: also include protecting diode A, protection diode B, charging
Protector, energy accumulator, power-distribution management control circuit, additional storage, manostat, MEMS wireless senser；
Wherein, solaode is used for changing solar energy into electric energy；
Protection diode A is used for preventing solaode solaode short circuit when charging protector turns on；
When protection diode B is used for preventing charge protection, energy accumulator outfan is shorted electric discharge；
Energy accumulator exports energy for storing solaode when solar irradiation and MEMS wireless senser resting state,
It is mixed into MEMS wireless senser with additional storage during MEMS wireless senser state of activation to power；
Charging protector turns on when energy accumulator is full of, and by solaode output bypass, solaode stops energy
Memorizer charges；
Bleeder circuit provides for power-distribution management control circuit and controls input signal；
Reference voltage circuit provides reference control voltage for power-distribution management control circuit；
Power-distribution management control circuit monitors the charging voltage of energy accumulator, energy accumulator in real time by controlling input signal
When being full of, power-distribution management control circuit output charge protection control signal, control charging protector conducting；
Additional storage is for when MEMS wireless sensor node state of activation, and in parallel with energy accumulator is sensor power；
Manostat is for providing stable operating voltage for MEMS wireless senser；
The annexation of above-mentioned composition device is:
Solaode is connected with one end of charging protector and one end of protection diode B through protection diode A simultaneously, protection
The other end of diode B simultaneously with energy accumulator, bleeder circuit, power-distribution management control circuit, reference voltage circuit,
Additional storage, one end of manostat are connected, the second end phase of the other end of charging protector and power-distribution management control circuit
Even, the other end of bleeder circuit is connected with the 3rd end of power-distribution management control circuit, the other end of reference voltage circuit and energy
4th end of amount allocation manager control circuit is connected, and the other end of manostat is connected with one end of MEMS wireless senser, solar energy
The negative pole of battery controls with bleeder circuit, reference voltage circuit, charging protector, energy accumulator, power-distribution management simultaneously
Circuit, additional storage, manostat, the negative pole of MEMS wireless senser are connected；
The control method using above-mentioned control system is:
First, under the conditions of solar irradiation, utilize MEMS wireless senser work and sleep state, it is achieved the conversion of solar energy,
The charge protection of storage and energy accumulator controls, when MEMS wireless sensor node is operated in state of activation, solaode,
Energy accumulator is in parallel with additional storage is that sensor node is powered, secondly, under the conditions of without solar irradiation, and energy accumulator
In parallel with additional storage is that sensor node is powered, and compared with using single energy accumulator power supply mode, it can effectively carry
High output peak power, reduction energy accumulator internal loss, prolongation power-on time；
For improving energy conversion, storage efficiency and realizing the charge protection control of energy accumulator, integrated wireless sensor photoelectric is micro-
Source energy control system possesses five kinds of duties, it may be assumed that energy storage, hybrid power supply, charge protection, parallel operation and energy
Amount unloading；
Under the conditions of solar irradiation, when wireless sensor node is operated in resting state, photovoltaic micro-source energy control system works
Storing state at energy, solaode is output as energy accumulator and additional storage charging, and supplies for sensor node simultaneously
Electricity, solaode output electric current is equal to energy accumulator, the charging current of additional storage, power-distribution management control circuit
Self operating current required and wireless sensor node operating current sum, each current relationship is shown below:
Is=Iec+Icc+Ics+Irs (1)
(1) I in formulasElectric current, I is exported for solaodeecFor energy accumulator charging current, IccCharge for additional storage
Electric current, IcsFor self operating current, I needed for power-distribution management control circuitrsIt is operated in resting state work for wireless senser
Electric current；According to the voltage characteristic of energy accumulator, the open-circuit voltage of appropriate design solaode, can guarantee that solaode work
Make near maximum power point so that it is there is bigger output conversion efficiency；
Under illumination condition, when MEMS wireless senser is operated in state of activation, system is operated in hybrid power supply state, the sun
Can battery, energy accumulator, additional storage power for MEMS wireless senser, the relation between electric current is shown below simultaneously:
Ira=Ie+Ic+Is-Ics (2)
(2) in formula, IcsFor self operating current, I needed for power-distribution management control circuitraWork for MEMS wireless senser
At state of activation electric current, IsElectric current, I is exported for solaodeeElectric current, I is exported for energy accumulatorcExport for additional storage
Electric current, under the conditions of hybrid power supply, owing to additional storage branch impedance is less, for MEMS wireless senser provide electric current relatively
Greatly, therefore, when hybrid power supply pattern can be effectively improved energy accumulator output peak power, reduction internal loss and extend power supply
Between；
Under illumination condition, when energy accumulator is full of, photovoltaic micro-source energy management system is operated in charge protection state, this
Time, charging protector conducting, solaode output, through protection diode A bypass, stops charging for energy storage, meanwhile,
Protection diode B cut-off, prevents the charged protector of energy accumulator from discharging, at the charge protection state of energy accumulator, energy
Amount memorizer, additional storage are the most in parallel powers for MEMS wireless senser, and energy accumulator is in parallel with additional storage is
MEMS wireless senser is powered, and the relation between each electric current is shown below:
Irs=Ies+Icd-Ics (3)
(3) in formula, IesFor energy accumulator discharge current, IcdFor additional storage discharge current, IcsFor power-distribution management
Control circuit self operating current required, IrsIt is operated in resting state operating current for MEMS wireless senser；
Under non-illuminated conditions, solaode output voltage electric current is less, protection diode A and protection diode B cut-off, when
When MEMS wireless senser is operated in state of activation, power-distribution management control circuit is operated in parallel operation state, and energy stores
Device and additional storage are powered for MEMS wireless senser simultaneously, and energy accumulator discharge current, additional storage discharge current are also
Connection is powered for MEMS wireless senser, and the relation between electric current is shown below:
Ira=Ie-Ics+Ic (4)
(4) in formula, IcsFor self operating current, I needed for power-distribution management control circuitraFor MEMS wireless senser work
Make at state of activation operating current, IeFor energy accumulator discharge current, IcFor additional storage discharge current；
Under non-illuminated conditions, when MEMS wireless senser is operated in resting state, power-distribution management control circuit is operated in energy
Amount dump states, on the one hand energy accumulator charges for additional storage, on the other hand powers for MEMS wireless senser, energy
Relation such as following formula institute between memorizer discharge current, additional storage energy storage electric current and MEMS wireless senser operating current
Show:
Ie=Irs+Ics+Icc (5)
(5) in formula, IcsFor self operating current, I needed for power-distribution management control circuiteFor energy accumulator discharge current,
IccFor additional storage energy storage electric current, IrsIt is operated in resting state operating current for MEMS wireless senser.
The control method of a kind of integrated wireless sensor photoelectric the most as claimed in claim 1 micro-source energy control system, its feature
It is: power-distribution management control circuit is by NMOS field effect transistor T2、T3、T4, and PMOS field effect transistor T3、T4Composition,
NMOS field effect transistor T2、T3、T4Cut-in voltage be 1.5V, the length-width ratio of raceway groove is 2:4, PMOS field effect transistor T3、T4's
Pinch-off voltage is-2.5V, and the length-width ratio of raceway groove is 1:1, and charging protector is by PMOS field effect transistor T1Constitute, T1Pinch off electricity
Pressure is-1.5V.
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