CN204732952U - The micro-source energy control system of a kind of integrated wireless sensor photoelectric - Google Patents
The micro-source energy control system of a kind of integrated wireless sensor photoelectric Download PDFInfo
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- CN204732952U CN204732952U CN201420735206.4U CN201420735206U CN204732952U CN 204732952 U CN204732952 U CN 204732952U CN 201420735206 U CN201420735206 U CN 201420735206U CN 204732952 U CN204732952 U CN 204732952U
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Abstract
The micro-source energy control system of a kind of integrated wireless sensor photoelectric; comprise solar cell, bleeder circuit, reference voltage circuit, also comprise protection diode A, protection diode B, charging protector, energy accumulator, power-distribution management control circuit, additional storage, pressurizer, MEMS wireless senser.The utility model, relative to traditional method, has circuit and simply, easily realizes on sheet integrated, can work under illumination and non-illuminated conditions, is suitable for using in MEMS sensor node integrated on sheet.
Description
Technical field
The utility model belongs to field of application of photoelectric technology, is specifically related to the micro-source energy control system of a kind of integrated wireless sensor photoelectric.
Background technology
Along with the development of microelectric technique and MEMS sensor technology, the power consumption of MEMS wireless sensor node is more and more less, and (state of activation power consumption is a few mW, resting state power consumption is tens μ W), and the time shared by state of activation is shorter, and node long-term work is in resting state.Use traditional power technology to power for MEMS wireless sensor node, it directly limits the microminiaturization of wireless sensor node.In addition, consider that wireless sensor node is generally used for the monitoring etc. to outlying area surroundings and poisonous and harmful substance, follow-up maintenance is comparatively difficult.For this reason, switching environment energy is that MEMS wireless sensor node powers is the main path expanding and extend wireless sensor node working life.Wherein, due to solar energy have widely distributed, energy density is large, pollution-free and photovoltaic cell is easy to the feature such as integrated with circuit, therefore, the micro-energy of research photoelectricity is that MEMS wireless sensor node is powered and become a kind of important selection.
Describe a kind of in photovoltaic energy in patent " a kind of photovoltaic energy and the integrated self-powered micro-system of sensor node "; utilize specialized lithium ion battery charge protection chip MAX1811 as charge protector, realize the method for the charge protection to lithium ion battery.In patent " method of in micro photovoltaic system, lithium ion battery rationally being charged and device ", describe a kind of method utilizing monolithic processor controlled pulsed to be lithium ion cell charging.The stored energy control mode of the micro-energy of above photoelectricity, its control system is comparatively complicated, and oneself power consumption is comparatively large, and reach tens mW, its wireless sensor node being well-suited for power consumption tens mW is powered, and the micro-energy of photovoltaic adopts circuit board mode integrated.
But, along with the development of microelectric technique and MEMS sensor technology, the power consumption of MEMS wireless sensor node is more and more less (state of activation power consumption is a few mW, and resting state power consumption is tens μ W), and the time shared by state of activation is shorter, node long-term work is in resting state.Its average power consumption is in μ W level.Therefore, the integrated inevitable requirement having become MEMS microminiaturization on the sheet of the micro-energy of photovoltaic.But complicated management scheme, due to features such as Circuits System are complicated and oneself power consumption is larger, is difficult to realize on sheet with solar cell integrated.Therefore, the stored energy management mode of the micro photovoltaic system of foregoing descriptions is not suitable for using in integrated photovoltaic micro-energy resource system on sheet.
At present, can the micro-source energy conversion of integrated electro on long-term sheet of powering for MEMS wireless sensor node under illumination and non-illuminated conditions, to store and Protection control system and control method research thereof do not have the report of being correlated with.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model provides the micro-source energy conversion of integrated electro on a kind of sheet that can power for MEMS wireless sensor node under illumination and non-illuminated conditions for a long time to overcome defect that above-mentioned prior art exists just, store and the control system of distribution.
The micro-source energy control system of a kind of integrated wireless sensor photoelectric, comprise solar cell, bleeder circuit, reference voltage circuit, the utility model is characterised in that: also comprise protection diode A, protection diode B, charging protector, energy accumulator, power-distribution management control circuit, additional storage, pressurizer, MEMS wireless senser;
Wherein, solar cell is used for conversion solar is electric energy;
Protection diode A is used for preventing solar cell solar cell short circuit when charging protector conducting;
When charge protection diode B is used for preventing charge protection, energy accumulator output is shorted electric discharge;
Energy accumulator is used for storing solar cell when solar irradiation and MEMS sensor resting state and exports energy, when MEMS sensor state of activation and auxiliary energy storage be mixed into MEMS sensor and power;
Charging protector is conducting when energy accumulator is full of, and photovoltaic cell is exported bypass, and photovoltaic cell stops charging to energy accumulator;
Bleeder circuit provides control inputs signal for energy distribution control circuit;
Reference voltage circuit provides reference control voltage for energy distribution control circuit;
Energy distribution control circuit is by the charging voltage of control inputs real time monitoring signals energy accumulator, and when energy accumulator is full of, energy distribution control unit exports charge protection control signal, controls charging protector conducting;
Supplementary energy store is mainly used in when MEMS wireless sensor node state of activation, in parallelly with energy accumulator powers for sensor node;
Pressurizer is mainly used in as MEMS wireless sensor node provides stable operating voltage.
The annexation of above-mentioned composition device is:
Solar cell through protection diode A simultaneously with one end of charging protector with protect one end of diode B and be connected, the other end of charging protector is connected with one end of energy distribution controller, the other end of protection diode B simultaneously and energy accumulator, bleeder circuit, energy distribution controller, reference voltage circuit, one end of pressurizer is connected, one end of bleeder circuit is connected with energy distribution controller one end, one end of reference voltage circuit is connected with energy distribution controller one end, one end of pressurizer is connected with one end of MEMS sensor, the negative pole of solar cell simultaneously and bleeder circuit, reference voltage circuit, charging protector, energy accumulator, power-distribution management control circuit, additional storage, pressurizer, the negative pole of MEMS wireless senser is connected.
The utility model power-distribution management control circuit is by NMOS field effect transistor T
2, T
3, T
4, and PMOS field effect transistor T
3, T
4composition, NMOS field effect transistor T
2, T
3, T
4cut-in voltage be 1.5V, the length-width ratio of raceway groove is 2:4, PMOS field effect transistor T
3, T
4pinch-off voltage be-2.5V, the length-width ratio of raceway groove is 1:1, and charging protector is by PMOS field effect transistor T
1form, T
1pinch-off voltage be-1.5V;
The control method of the micro-source energy control system of a kind of integrated wireless sensor photoelectric:
First, under solar irradiation condition, utilize MEMS wireless senser work and sleep state, realize the conversion of solar energy, the charge protection of storage and energy accumulator controls, when MEMS wireless sensor node is operated in state of activation, photovoltaic cell, energy accumulator is in parallel with additional storage powers for sensor node, secondly, without under solar irradiation condition, energy accumulator is in parallel with additional storage powers for sensor node, compared with the energy accumulator supply power mode that employing is single, it can effectively improve output peak power, reduce memory inside loss, extend power-on time,
For raising power conversion, storage efficiency and the charge protection control realizing energy accumulator, the micro-source energy control system of integrated wireless sensor photoelectric possesses five kinds of operating states, that is: stored energy, hybrid power supply, charge protection, parallel operation and energy unloading;
Under solar irradiation condition, when wireless sensor node is operated in resting state, the micro-source energy control system of photovoltaic is operated in stored energy state, solar cell exports as energy accumulator and additional storage charging, and simultaneously for sensor node is powered, solar cell output current equals energy accumulator, the charging current of additional storage, energy management system self operating current required and wireless sensor node operating current sum, and each current relationship is shown below:
I
s＝I
ec+I
cc+I
cs+I
rs(1)
(1) I in formula
sfor solar cell output current, I
ecfor micro cell charging current, I
ccfor additional storage charging current, I
csself operating current needed for energy management system, I
rsfor wireless senser is operated in resting state operating current; According to the voltage characteristic of energy accumulator, the open circuit voltage of appropriate design solar cell, can ensure that solar cell working is near maximum power point, make it have larger output conversion efficiency;
Under illumination condition, when wireless sensor node is operated in state of activation, system works is in hybrid power supply state, and solar cell, energy accumulator, additional storage are powered for sensor node simultaneously, and the relation between electric current is shown below:
I
ra＝I
e+I
c+I
s-I
cs(2)
(2) in formula, I
csself operating current needed for EMS, I
rafor wireless sensor node is operated in state of activation electric current, I
ssolar cell output current, I
eenergy accumulator output current, I
cadditional storage output current, under hybrid power supply condition, because additional storage (capacitor) branch impedance is less, the electric current provided for sensor node is larger, therefore, hybrid power supply pattern effectively can improve energy accumulator and export peak power, reduce internal loss and extend power-on time;
Under illumination condition, when energy accumulator is full of, the micro-source energy management system of photovoltaic is operated in charge protection state, now, charging protector conducting, solar cell exports through protection diode A bypass, stop as stored energy charging, simultaneously, protection diode B cut-off, prevent energy accumulator from discharging through charging protector, in the charge protection state of energy accumulator, energy accumulator, additional storage is simultaneously in parallel powers for sensor node, energy accumulator is in parallel with additional storage powers for MEMS wireless sensor node, relation between each electric current is shown below:
I
rs＝I
es+I
cd-I
cs(3)
(3) in formula, I
sfor solar cell output current, I
esfor energy accumulator discharging current, I
cdfor additional storage discharging current, I
csself operating current needed for EMS, I
rsfor wireless senser is operated in resting state operating current;
Under non-illuminated conditions; solar cell output voltage electric current is less; protection diode A and B cut-off; when MEMS wireless senser device node is operated in state of activation; energy management system is operated in parallel operation state; energy accumulator and additional storage are powered for MEMS wireless sensor node simultaneously, and energy accumulator discharging current, additional storage discharging current are in parallel powers for wireless sensor node, and the relation between electric current is shown below:
I
ra＝I
e-I
cs+I
c(4)
(4) in formula, I
csself operating current needed for energy management system, I
rafor wireless senser is operated in state of activation operating current, I
eenergy accumulator discharging current, I
cadditional storage discharging current;
Under non-illuminated conditions, when wireless senser device node is operated in resting state, energy management system is operated in energy dump states, energy accumulator is additional storage charging on the one hand, on the other hand for wireless sensor node is powered, energy accumulator discharge stream, relation between additional storage energy storage electric current and wireless sensor node operating current are shown below:
I
e＝I
rs+I
cs+I
cc(5)
(5) in formula, I
csself operating current needed for energy management system, I
eenergy accumulator discharging current, I
ccadditional storage energy storage electric current, I
rswireless sensor node is operated in resting state operating current.
The beneficial effects of the utility model are, content of the present utility model is as MEMS wireless sensor node designs integrated on a kind of sheet, the micro-source energy control system of low-power consumption photoelectricity.In conjunction with the power consumption characteristics of MEMS wireless sensor node, (state of activation power consumption is a few mW to energy control method of the present utility model; resting state power consumption is tens μ W; shared by state of activation, the time is shorter; node long-term work is in resting state); realize the storage to photovoltaic cell output energy, transmission, charge protection and node power supply management on the one hand; and realize the conversion and control to energy by conservative control solar cell working voltage, effectively improve the utilization ratio of energy and reduce the area of solar cell.On the other hand when MEMS wireless sensor node is operated in state of activation, energy accumulator is in parallel with additional storage powers for sensor node, compared with the energy accumulator supply power mode that employing is single, it effectively can improve output peak power, reduces memory inside loss, extend power-on time etc.
The utility model energy control method comprises five operating states: stored energy, hybrid power supply, charge protection, parallel operation and energy unloading five states.
Energy management method
According to the structure of the micro-source energy management system of photovoltaic, for improving the conversion of solar energy, storage and efficiency of transmission, guarantee that MEMS wireless sensor node is long-term, steady operation.In conjunction with different illumination conditions, devise the management scheme of micro photovoltaic system.
(1) stored energy state principle
Under solar irradiation condition, when wireless sensor node is operated in resting state, the micro-source energy management system of photovoltaic is operated in stored energy state, and solar cell exports as energy accumulator and additional storage charging, and simultaneously for sensor node is powered.Under stored energy state, system capacity transmission equivalent model as shown in Figure 2.
In Fig. 2, energy accumulator is equivalent to power supply E, and additional storage is equivalent to capacitor C, and EMS is equivalent to R
cs, MEMS wireless sensor node is equivalent to resistance R
s, solar cell output current equals energy accumulator, the charging current of additional storage, EMS self operating current required and wireless sensor node operating current sum, as shown in the formula institute
I
s＝I
ec+I
cc+I
cs+I
rs(1)
I in above formula
sfor solar cell output current, I
ecfor micro cell charging current, I
ccfor additional storage charging current, I
csself operating current needed for EMS, I
rsfor wireless senser is operated in resting state operating current.In addition, according to the voltage characteristic of energy accumulator, appropriate design solar cell, guarantees that solar cell working is near maximum power point, guarantees that it has larger output conversion efficiency.
(2) hybrid power supply state principle
Under illumination condition, when wireless sensor node is operated in state of activation, system works is in hybrid power supply state, and solar cell, energy accumulator, additional storage are simultaneously for sensor node is powered.Under hybrid power supply state, system capacity transmission equivalent-circuit model as shown in Figure 3.
In Fig. 3, solar cell output current I
s, energy accumulator discharging current I
e, additional storage discharging current I
c, be mixed into wireless senser and power.Relation between each electric current is shown below.
I
ra＝I
e+I
c+I
s-I
cs(2)
In above formula, I
csself operating current needed for EMS, I
rafor wireless sensor node is operated in state of activation electric current.
Under hybrid power supply condition, because additional storage (capacitor) branch impedance is less, the electric current provided for sensor node is larger.Therefore, hybrid power supply pattern effectively can improve energy accumulator and export peak power, reduce internal loss and extend power-on time.
(3) charge protection operation principle:
Under illumination condition, when energy accumulator is full of, the micro-source energy management system of photovoltaic is operated in charge protection state.Charging protection switch k conducting, solar cell exports through A (D1) bypass of protection diode, stops as stored energy charging.Meanwhile, protection diode B cut-off, prevents energy accumulator from discharging through charging protection switch k.In the charge protection state of energy accumulator, energy accumulator, additional storage are simultaneously in parallel powers for sensor node.Under charge protection state, system capacity transmission equivalent-circuit model as shown in Figure 4.
In Fig. 4, solar cell output current is I
s, micro cell discharging current is I
es, additional storage discharging current is I
cd, I
csself operating current needed for EMS, it is I that wireless senser is operated in resting state operating current
rs.Energy accumulator is in parallel with additional storage powers for MEMS wireless sensor node.Relation between each electric current is shown below:
I
rs＝I
es+I
cd-I
cs(3)
(4) parallel operation state principle
Under non-illuminated conditions, solar cell output voltage electric current is less, protection diode A and B cut-off.When MEMS wireless senser device node is operated in state of activation, EMS is operated in parallel operation state, and energy accumulator and additional storage are simultaneously for MEMS wireless sensor node is powered.System capacity transmission equivalent model as shown in Figure 5.
In Fig. 5, energy accumulator discharging current I
e, additional storage discharging current I
cin parallel to power for wireless sensor node.Relation between each electric current is shown below
I
ra＝I
e-I
cs+I
c(4)
In above formula, I
csself operating current needed for EMS, I
rafor wireless senser is operated in state of activation operating current.
(5) energy dump states principle
When wireless senser device node is operated in resting state, EMS is operated in energy dump states, and energy accumulator is additional storage charging on the one hand, on the other hand simultaneously for wireless sensor node is powered.Under energy dump states, system capacity transmission equivalent model as shown in Figure 6.
In Fig. 6, energy accumulator discharging current I
e, additional storage energy storage electric current I
cc, I
rswireless sensor node is operated in resting state operating current.Relation between each electric current is shown below
I
e＝I
rs+I
cs+I
cc(5)
In above formula, I
csself operating current needed for EMS.
According under different operating state; to the analysis of photovoltaic micro-source energy management system programme of work; the micro-source energy Managed Solution of photovoltaic of shown design; realize on the one hand the charge protection of the conversion of solar energy, storage and energy accumulator; it realizes the conversion and control to energy by conservative control solar cell working voltage; simultaneously; utilize the change of sensor node operating state to control storage and the transmission of energy, effectively improve the utilization ratio of energy and reduce the area of solar cell.On the other hand when MEMS wireless sensor node is operated in state of activation, energy accumulator is in parallel with additional storage powers for sensor node, compared with the energy accumulator supply power mode that employing is single, it effectively can improve output peak power, reduces memory inside loss, extend power-on time.
Stored energy formula integrated photovoltaic micro-energy resource system and analysis
1, the micro-energy of stored energy formula integrated photovoltaic establishes system
For realizing integrated requirement on the power conversion of the micro-energy of photoelectricity, storage and distribution and sheet, photovoltaic micro-source energy management circuit system of design as shown in Figure 7.
In the figure 7, for simplifying integrated preparation technology in system on chip, solar cell adopts silicon solar battery structure.Energy accumulator is solid film lithium ion battery, and the preparation technology of its preparation technology and integrated-optic device has good compatibility, integrated on the sheet being conducive to micro photovoltaic system.Solid film lithium ion battery (micro cell) normal working voltage is 3.5V-4.2V, under charge condition, due to the impact by internal resistance and polarization resistance, the voltage of solid film lithium ion battery is at 3.7V-4.4V, and battery capacity is relevant with wireless sensor node non-illuminated conditions lower operating time etc.According to protecting diode D in circuit
1, D
2with solid film lithium ion battery operating characteristic, the solar cell output open circuit voltage of design is 7V, and its maximum power point corresponding voltage is at about 4.9V.Solar cell real work voltage control, between 4.3V-5.1V, near maximum power point, makes it have larger power output, and output energy can be efficiently stored.
Charging protection switch circuit is by field effect transistor T
1, Schottky diode D
1, D
2composition, field effect transistor T
1operating state control by energy distribution control circuit, its cut-in voltage V
tfor 1.5V.Diode D
1, D
2conducting in solid film lithium ion cell charging, ends when solid film lithium ion battery is full of.D
1for preventing T
1during conducting, solar cell output is shorted.D
2for preventing T
1during conducting, solid film lithium ion battery is shorted electric discharge.
Voltage divider is by resistance R
1and R
2composition, at resistance R
2upper generation one changes consistent voltage with solid film lithium ion battery.Reference circuits is by resistance R
3with two series diode D
3, D
4composition, for generation of 1.5V reference voltage, is conducive to simplifying integrated technique in system on chip.Energy distribution control circuit is by NMOS field effect transistor T
2, T
3, T
4with PMOS field effect transistor T
5, T
6composition.For the normal work of safeguards system, require NMOS field effect transistor T
2, T
3, T
4cut-in voltage V
tfor 1.5V, and the length-width ratio of raceway groove is 2:4, PMOS field effect transistor T
5, T
6pinch-off voltage V
pfor-2.5V, and the length-width ratio of raceway groove is 1:1.
Supplementary energy store is capacitor, adopts MOS capacitor technological design, is conducive to simplifying technique integrated in system on chip, according to the relative theory of MOS capacitor, during condenser capacity C=5 μ F, and capacitor area S
c=0.15cm
2.Voltage stabilizing circuit is by a resistance R
4with four diode D
5, D
6, D
7, D
8be composed in series.
The output of solar cell is connected with the positive pole of diode D1, and the negative pole of D1 connects with the positive pole of diode D2 and the drain electrode of field effect transistor T1 simultaneously, the negative pole of D2 simultaneously with the positive pole of solid film lithium ion battery E, one end of resistance R1, field effect transistor T5 source electrode, field effect transistor T6 source electrode, one end of resistance R3, one end of capacitor C and one end of resistance R4 connect, the grid of T1 simultaneously with the drain electrode of T3, the drain electrode of T5 and T5, the grid of T6 is connected, and the other end of R1 is connected with the grid of T3 with one end of R2 simultaneously, with T3 source electrode while of the grid of T2 and drain electrode, T4 source electrode is connected, the grid of T4 simultaneously with the other end of R3, the positive pole of diode D3 is connected, and the drain electrode of T4 is connected with the drain electrode of T6 pipe, and the negative pole of diode D3 is connected with the positive pole of diode D4, with MEMS wireless sensor node power positive end while of the resistance R4 other end, the positive pole of diode D5 is connected, and the negative pole of diode D5 is connected with the positive pole of diode D6, and the negative pole of diode D6 is connected with the positive pole of diode D7, the negative pole of solar cell simultaneously with the source electrode of T1 pipe, the negative pole of solid film lithium ion battery E, the other end of resistance R, the source electrode of T1 pipe, the negative pole of diode D4, the other end of electric capacity C, the negative pole of diode D8 is connected with the power cathode of MEMS wireless sensor node.
The micro-energy characteristics experiment of 2 stored energy formula photovoltaic and analysis
According to the output voltage excursion (4.3V-5.1V) of design solar cell, experimental analysis is carried out to the operating characteristic of design system each several part.
During solar cell is solid film lithium ion cell charging, the change in voltage characteristic of solar cell as shown in Figure 8.
Can find out from Fig. 8; between film lithium ion battery charge period; after its charging voltage reaches 4.3V; along with the rising of charging voltage, charging protection switch (field effect transistor T1) conducting gradually, solar cell output voltage is gradually reduced; solid film lithium ion cell charging enters trickle charge state; when lithium ion cell charging voltage reaches 4.4V, solar array voltage is 4.7V, protected diode D
2conducting voltage (0.3V) restriction, solar cell stop to micro cell charging, reach the object preventing micro cell overcharge.
Charging process reference circuits change as shown in Figure 9, its output voltage is basically stable at 1.5V.
In solid film lithium ion cell charging, as shown in Figure 10, the rising control circuit output voltage with film lithium ion battery charging voltage raises the output voltage of energy distribution control circuit gradually, controls the conducting state of charging protection switch.
In sensor node dormancy state, micro-energy resource system output voltage as shown in figure 11.When micro cell charging voltage changes between 3.7V-4.7V, output voltage changes between 3.065V-3.238V.Its source effect is 3.9%, has good stability.
In a word, can find out according to emulation above and analysis result, simulation analysis result is consistent with theoretical analysis result, and designed stored energy formula integrated photovoltaic micro-energy resource system meets design requirement.
According to the power consumption feature of MEMS wireless sensor node, have studied the management scheme of the micro-energy of integrated photovoltaic on sheet and devise integrated photovoltaic micro-energy resource system, and the characteristic of designed system is analyzed.According to there being non-illuminated conditions, the management scheme proposed is made up of stored energy, hybrid power supply, charge protection, parallel operation and energy unloading five states, realizes the storage to energy, transmission and power supply management.Designed integrated electro energy storage system is made up of solar cell, charging protection switch circuit, solid film lithium ion battery, bleeder circuit, reference circuit and energy distribution control circuit, supplementary energy store and voltage stabilizing circuit etc.It is compatible that device selected by system has integrated technique on good sheet.Adopt the method for bypass to realize solid film lithium ion additives for overcharge protection in design system, there is the simple feature of circuit.Meanwhile, according to system components operating voltage characteristic, appropriate design solar cell parameter, can guarantee that solar cell working is near peak power output point, makes it have larger output conversion efficiency and power.In addition, state of activation is operated at MEMS wireless sensor node, solid film lithium ion battery is in parallel with additional storage (capacitor) powers for sensor node, effectively improves to export peak power, reduce memory inside loss, extend stored energy power-on time.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the utility model photovoltaic micro-source energy Control system architecture figure
Fig. 2 is stored energy state energy transmission equivalent model;
Fig. 3 is hybrid power supply state energy transmission equivalent model;
Fig. 4 is Energy Transfer equivalent model under charge protection state;
Fig. 5 is parallel operation state energy transmission equivalent model;
Fig. 6 is energy dump states Energy Transfer equivalent model;
Fig. 7 is photovoltaic micro-source energy management circuit system;
Fig. 8 is solar cell output voltage variation diagram;
Fig. 9 is reference circuit change in voltage figure;
Figure 10 is the output voltage of energy distribution control circuit;
Figure 11 is micro-energy resource system output voltage.
Embodiment
The micro-source energy control system of a kind of integrated wireless sensor photoelectric, comprise solar cell, bleeder circuit, reference voltage circuit, the utility model is characterised in that: also comprise protection diode A, protection diode B, charging protector, energy accumulator, power-distribution management control circuit, additional storage, pressurizer, MEMS wireless senser;
Wherein, solar cell is used for conversion solar is electric energy;
Protection diode A is used for preventing solar cell solar cell short circuit when charging protector conducting;
When charge protection diode B is used for preventing charge protection, energy accumulator output is shorted electric discharge;
Energy accumulator is used for storing solar cell when solar irradiation and MEMS sensor resting state and exports energy, when MEMS sensor state of activation and auxiliary energy storage be mixed into MEMS sensor and power;
Charging protector is conducting when energy accumulator is full of, and photovoltaic cell is exported bypass, and photovoltaic cell stops charging to energy accumulator;
Bleeder circuit provides control inputs signal for energy distribution control circuit;
Reference voltage circuit provides reference control voltage for energy distribution control circuit;
Energy distribution control circuit is by the charging voltage of control inputs real time monitoring signals energy accumulator, and when energy accumulator is full of, energy distribution control unit exports charge protection control signal, controls charging protector conducting;
Supplementary energy store is mainly used in when MEMS wireless sensor node state of activation, in parallelly with energy accumulator powers for sensor node;
Pressurizer is mainly used in as MEMS wireless sensor node provides stable operating voltage.
The annexation of above-mentioned composition device is:
Solar cell through protection diode A simultaneously with one end of charging protector with protect one end of diode B and be connected, the other end of charging protector is connected with one end of energy distribution controller, the other end of protection diode B simultaneously and energy accumulator, bleeder circuit, energy distribution controller, reference voltage circuit, one end of pressurizer is connected, one end of bleeder circuit is connected with energy distribution controller one end, one end of reference voltage circuit is connected with energy distribution controller one end, one end of pressurizer is connected with one end of MEMS sensor, the negative pole of solar cell simultaneously and bleeder circuit, reference voltage circuit, charging protector, energy accumulator, power-distribution management control circuit, additional storage, pressurizer, the negative pole of MEMS wireless senser is connected.
The utility model power-distribution management control circuit is by NMOS field effect transistor T
2, T
3, T
4, and PMOS field effect transistor T
3, T
4composition, NMOS field effect transistor T
2, T
3, T
4cut-in voltage be 1.5V, the length-width ratio of raceway groove is 2:4, PMOS field effect transistor T
3, T
4pinch-off voltage be-2.5V, the length-width ratio of raceway groove is 1:1, and charging protector is by PMOS field effect transistor T
1form, T
1pinch-off voltage be-1.5V;
The control method of the micro-source energy control system of a kind of integrated wireless sensor photoelectric:
First, under solar irradiation condition, utilize MEMS wireless senser work and sleep state, realize the conversion of solar energy, the charge protection of storage and energy accumulator controls, when MEMS wireless sensor node is operated in state of activation, photovoltaic cell, energy accumulator is in parallel with additional storage powers for sensor node, secondly, without under solar irradiation condition, energy accumulator is in parallel with additional storage powers for sensor node, compared with the energy accumulator supply power mode that employing is single, it can effectively improve output peak power, reduce memory inside loss, extend power-on time,
For raising power conversion, storage efficiency and the charge protection control realizing energy accumulator, the micro-source energy control system of integrated wireless sensor photoelectric possesses five kinds of operating states, that is: stored energy, hybrid power supply, charge protection, parallel operation and energy unloading;
Under solar irradiation condition, when wireless sensor node is operated in resting state, the micro-source energy control system of photovoltaic is operated in stored energy state, solar cell exports as energy accumulator and additional storage charging, and simultaneously for sensor node is powered, solar cell output current equals energy accumulator, the charging current of additional storage, energy management system self operating current required and wireless sensor node operating current sum, and each current relationship is shown below:
I
s＝I
ec+I
cc+I
cs+I
rs(1)
(1) I in formula
sfor solar cell output current, I
ecfor micro cell charging current, I
ccfor additional storage charging current, I
csself operating current needed for energy management system, I
rsfor wireless senser is operated in resting state operating current; According to the voltage characteristic of energy accumulator, the open circuit voltage of appropriate design solar cell, can ensure that solar cell working is near maximum power point, make it have larger output conversion efficiency;
Under illumination condition, when wireless sensor node is operated in state of activation, system works is in hybrid power supply state, and solar cell, energy accumulator, additional storage are powered for sensor node simultaneously, and the relation between electric current is shown below:
I
ra＝I
e+I
c+I
s-I
cs(2)
(2) in formula, I
csself operating current needed for EMS, I
rafor wireless sensor node is operated in state of activation electric current, I
ssolar cell output current, I
eenergy accumulator output current, I
cadditional storage output current, under hybrid power supply condition, because additional storage (capacitor) branch impedance is less, the electric current provided for sensor node is larger, therefore, hybrid power supply pattern effectively can improve energy accumulator and export peak power, reduce internal loss and extend power-on time;
Under illumination condition, when energy accumulator is full of, the micro-source energy management system of photovoltaic is operated in charge protection state, now, charging protector conducting, solar cell exports through protection diode A bypass, stop as stored energy charging, simultaneously, protection diode B cut-off, prevent energy accumulator from discharging through charging protector, in the charge protection state of energy accumulator, energy accumulator, additional storage is simultaneously in parallel powers for sensor node, energy accumulator is in parallel with additional storage powers for MEMS wireless sensor node, relation between each electric current is shown below:
I
rs＝I
es+I
cd-I
cs(3)
(3) in formula, I
sfor solar cell output current, I
esfor energy accumulator discharging current, I
cdfor additional storage discharging current, I
csself operating current needed for EMS, I
rsfor wireless senser is operated in resting state operating current;
Under non-illuminated conditions; solar cell output voltage electric current is less; protection diode A and B cut-off; when MEMS wireless senser device node is operated in state of activation; energy management system is operated in parallel operation state; energy accumulator and additional storage are powered for MEMS wireless sensor node simultaneously, and energy accumulator discharging current, additional storage discharging current are in parallel powers for wireless sensor node, and the relation between electric current is shown below:
I
ra＝I
e-I
cs+I
c(4)
(4) in formula, I
csself operating current needed for energy management system, I
rafor wireless senser is operated in state of activation operating current, I
eenergy accumulator discharging current, I
cadditional storage discharging current;
Under non-illuminated conditions, when wireless senser device node is operated in resting state, energy management system is operated in energy dump states, energy accumulator is additional storage charging on the one hand, on the other hand for wireless sensor node is powered, energy accumulator discharge stream, relation between additional storage energy storage electric current and wireless sensor node operating current are shown below:
I
e＝I
rs+I
cs+I
cc(5)
(5) in formula, I
csself operating current needed for energy management system, I
eenergy accumulator discharging current, I
ccadditional storage energy storage electric current, I
rswireless sensor node is operated in resting state operating current.
Claims (2)
1. the micro-source energy control system of integrated wireless sensor photoelectric, comprise solar cell, bleeder circuit, reference voltage circuit, it is characterized in that: also comprise protection diode A, protection diode B, charging protector, energy accumulator, power-distribution management control circuit, additional storage, pressurizer, MEMS wireless senser;
Wherein, solar cell is used for conversion solar is electric energy;
Protection diode A is used for preventing solar cell solar cell short circuit when charging protector conducting;
When charge protection diode B is used for preventing charge protection, energy accumulator output is shorted electric discharge;
Energy accumulator is used for storing solar cell when solar irradiation and MEMS sensor resting state and exports energy, when MEMS sensor state of activation and auxiliary energy storage be mixed into MEMS sensor and power;
Charging protector is conducting when energy accumulator is full of, and photovoltaic cell is exported bypass, and photovoltaic cell stops charging to energy accumulator;
Bleeder circuit provides control inputs signal for energy distribution control circuit;
Reference voltage circuit provides reference control voltage for energy distribution control circuit;
Energy distribution control circuit is by the charging voltage of control inputs real time monitoring signals energy accumulator, and when energy accumulator is full of, energy distribution control unit exports charge protection control signal, controls charging protector conducting;
Supplementary energy store is used for when MEMS wireless sensor node state of activation, in parallelly with energy accumulator powers for sensor node;
Pressurizer is used for providing stable operating voltage for MEMS wireless sensor node;
The annexation of above-mentioned composition device is:
Solar cell through protection diode A simultaneously with one end of charging protector with protect one end of diode B and be connected, the other end of charging protector is connected with one end of energy distribution controller, the other end of protection diode B simultaneously and energy accumulator, bleeder circuit, energy distribution controller, reference voltage circuit, one end of pressurizer is connected, one end of bleeder circuit is connected with energy distribution controller one end, one end of reference voltage circuit is connected with energy distribution controller one end, one end of pressurizer is connected with one end of MEMS sensor, the negative pole of solar cell simultaneously and bleeder circuit, reference voltage circuit, charging protector, energy accumulator, power-distribution management control circuit, additional storage, pressurizer, the negative pole of MEMS wireless senser is connected.
2. the micro-source energy control system of a kind of integrated wireless sensor photoelectric as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: power-distribution management control circuit is by NMOS field effect transistor T
2, T
3, T
4, and PMOS field effect transistor T
3, T
4composition, NMOS field effect transistor T
2, T
3, T
4cut-in voltage be 1.5V, the length-width ratio of raceway groove is 2:4, PMOS field effect transistor T
3, T
4pinch-off voltage be-2.5V, the length-width ratio of raceway groove is 1:1, and charging protector is by PMOS field effect transistor T
1form, T
1pinch-off voltage be-1.5V.
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