CN104467105A - Energy transfer type super capacitor voltage equalization circuit - Google Patents
Energy transfer type super capacitor voltage equalization circuit Download PDFInfo
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- CN104467105A CN104467105A CN201410812059.0A CN201410812059A CN104467105A CN 104467105 A CN104467105 A CN 104467105A CN 201410812059 A CN201410812059 A CN 201410812059A CN 104467105 A CN104467105 A CN 104467105A
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- voltage
- ultracapacitor
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- energy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0018—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using separate charge circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
Abstract
The invention provides an energy transfer type super capacitor voltage equalization circuit. A power electronics conversion circuit is connected between every two adjacent super capacitor single bodies, the turn-on and turn-off of switching tubes connected with all the super capacitor single bodies in parallel are controlled by collecting and comparing the voltages of the super capacitor single bodies so that energy can be transmitted between every two adjacent capacitors through inductors, and finally the energy in the high-voltage super capacitor single bodies is transferred into the low-voltage super capacitor single bodies through the power electronics conversion circuits. The circuit is high in voltage equalization efficiency, basically free of loss, high in equalization speed and capable of conducting voltage equalization both in the charging process and the discharging process.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to electric field, relate to a kind of energy transfer ultracapacitor voltage equalizing circuit.
Background technology
Ultracapacitor is as a kind of novel green energy storage device, have that power density is high, charging rate is fast, charging and discharging currents is large, service life cycle is long, environmentally safe, energy conversion efficiency advantages of higher, have broad application prospects in fields such as new-energy automobile, distributed power grid, quality of power supply adjustment, industrial energy saving, military project, back-up sources.But because ultracapacitor monomer storage power is limited and operating voltage is not high, be generally no more than 3V, therefore often need multiple ultracapacitor connection in series-parallel to use in actual applications.After ultracapacitor series connection in groups, filling in (putting) electric process, because each monolithic capacitor parameter (as capacitance, internal resistance, leakage current etc.) there are differences, each monomer electric capacity both end voltage can be caused in large current density electric process unbalanced, each capacitance voltage rising (decline) speed is different, and then cause some monomer electric capacity to overcharge (cross put), affect the safety and stability of the efficiency of ultracapacitor, useful life and system.Therefore, carry out voltage balance management tool to serial connected super capacitor monomer to be of great significance.
Electric voltage equalization plays vital effect in the practical application of ultracapacitor, can the choosing of same electric voltage equalization scheme is also directly connected to bank of super capacitors work normally and efficiently, selects suitable equalization scheme could play the energy storage advantage of ultracapacitor to greatest extent under specific occasion.Voltage balancing method conventional at present has following two kinds:
(1) parallel voltage-stabilizing tube method, circuit theory as shown in Figure 1.
The operation principle that parallel voltage-stabilizing tube method is all pressed is, voltage-stabiliser tube puncture voltage is set to ultracapacitor monomer rated voltage, constant current charge is carried out to series super capacitor bank, each monomer both end voltage will increase gradually, when first a certain monomer electric capacity reach rated voltage, the voltage-stabiliser tube of its parallel connection is by breakdown shunting, charging current will flow through from voltage-stabiliser tube, corresponding capacitor does not recharge, it is constant that voltage will be stabilized in rated voltage, other monomer electric capacity the like, finally reach each capacitance voltage balanced.Although program circuit structure is simple, cost is very low, without the need to any control device, easy to operate; But because it is after voltage reaches rated voltage, charging current all flows through voltage-stabiliser tube, energy consumes completely on voltage-stabiliser tube, cause voltage-stabiliser tube heating and energy loss seriously, and pressure equalizing is longer.
(2) switch-resistance method
Switch-resistance method is that a kind of passing through accesses switching tube and parallel resistance, shunts, thus make the method that each capacitor terminal voltage is tending towards balanced gradually in capacitor terminal voltage higher than actuating switch pipe during rated voltage to charging current.Its circuit theory as shown in Figure 2.
Balance module is in series primarily of voltage collector B, voltage comparator COMP, switching tube IGBT and resistance R, is then connected in parallel on monomer electric capacity C two ends.Circuit working process is as follows: each monomer electric capacity C charges under constant-current source I effect, when a certain monomer capacitance voltage reaches reference voltage E (being slightly less than a certain magnitude of voltage of rated voltage), switching tube IGBT conducting, electric capacity C is discharged to resistance R by loop, its voltage increase rate is caused to slow down, other capacitance voltages operate identical when reaching reference voltage, charge rate slows down, and finally under the shunting action of resistance, each monomer capacitance voltage reaches balanced.
The method circuit is simple, cost is lower, control is convenient, reliability is high, and bypass resistance can be set according to charging current, control obviously comparatively parallel voltage-stabilizing tube method flexible, but still there is energy loss, resistance heating amount is comparatively large, all presses the disadvantage that the time is longer.
In sum, although existing electric voltage equalization scheme has the features such as circuit is simple, control is convenient, cost is lower, but it adopts the mode of resistance consumption excess energy all to press, and ultracapacitor is often in the state of frequent rapid large-current charge and discharge in actual use, this will produce larger loss and heat; And existing method balancing speed is comparatively slow, is unfavorable for large-scale integrated and the high-power applications of ultracapacitor.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome prior art defect, provide a kind of energy transfer ultracapacitor voltage equalizing circuit, pressure equalizing is lossless, balancing speed is fast, improves the whole efficiency of Ultracapacitor Energy Storage.
For achieving the above object, the present invention by the following technical solutions:
A kind of energy transfer ultracapacitor voltage equalizing circuit, a Technics of Power Electronic Conversion circuit is connected with between every two adjacent ultracapacitor monomers, control the switching tube turn-on and turn-off in parallel with each ultracapacitor monomer by the voltage that gathers between each ultracapacitor monomer voltage more adjacent ultracapacitor monomer, energy is transmitted between adjacent two capacitors by inductance, and the energy in the ultracapacitor monomer that voltage is high is the most at last transferred in the low ultracapacitor monomer of voltage by Technics of Power Electronic Conversion circuit.
Described Technics of Power Electronic Conversion circuit comprises voltage collector, comparator, AND circuit, not circuit, inductance, electronic power switch and pulse generator; Every ultracapacitor monomer two ends shunt voltage collector, the first voltage collector in parallel with adjacent two ultracapacitor monomer-the first ultracapacitor monomers and the second ultracapacitor monomer respectively and the second voltage collector are connected to comparator; The output of comparator is divided into two-way, and comparator output terminal one tunnel connects the first AND circuit, and the first AND circuit exports and drives first electronic power switch in parallel with the first ultracapacitor monomer; Comparator output terminal is leaded up in addition after not circuit and is connected to the second AND circuit, and the second AND circuit exports and drives second electronic power switch in parallel with the second ultracapacitor monomer; Another input of first AND circuit and the second AND circuit is all connected to pulse generator, shares an inductance between every two adjacent ultracapacitor monomers and electronic power switch loop.
Described electronic power switch adopts IGBT.
The ultracapacitor set of monomers that N capacitance is different becomes serial module structure, connects N-1 Technics of Power Electronic Conversion circuit.
Energy transfer voltage balance circuit of the present invention, by Technics of Power Electronic Conversion circuit, the energy trasfer in capacitor higher for voltage is gone to the lower capacitor of adjacent voltage, by real-time conversion, make the voltage of each ultracapacitor at equilibrium, when ignoring conversion efficiency, substantially not consumed energy, and balancing speed fast, can dynamic equalization be realized, improve efficiency that ultracapacitor all presses, eliminate energy loss, shorten and all press the time.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that existing parallel voltage-stabilizing tube method all presses schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is that existing switch-resistance method all presses schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 circuit structure diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 4 embodiment of the present invention charging circuit configuration figure;
Fig. 5 embodiment of the present invention discharge circuit structure chart;
The oscillogram of Fig. 6 specific embodiment one;
The oscillogram of Fig. 7 specific embodiment two;
The oscillogram of Fig. 8 specific embodiment three.
Embodiment
Describe the present invention below in conjunction with drawings and the specific embodiments:
Circuit structure of the present invention as shown in Figure 3, a Technics of Power Electronic Conversion circuit is connected between two adjacent ultracapacitors, by comparing voltage between neighboring capacitors thus the turn-on and turn-off of control switch pipe, energy is transmitted between adjacent two capacitors by inductance, and in the ultracapacitor that voltage is high the most at last, energy is transferred in the low ultracapacitor of voltage by Technics of Power Electronic Conversion circuit.
The solution of the present invention is exactly by comparing (C1 and C2 to adjacent monomer electric capacity both end voltage, C2 and C3, Cn-1 and Cn), use converters to be transferred on the lower electric capacity of voltage by capacitive energy higher for voltage, finally realize electric voltage equalization, owing to there is no energy-dissipating type device in circuit, substantially achieve zero loss, and pressure rate is fast, and can the equilibrium of bonding bulk voltage in charging and discharging process.
With reference to figure 3, Technics of Power Electronic Conversion circuit is made up of voltage collector, comparator, AND circuit, not circuit, inductance, electronic power switch, pulse generator.Every ultracapacitor two ends shunt voltage collector, gather each monomer voltage, every ultracapacitor monomer two ends shunt voltage collector, the first voltage collector Ba in parallel with adjacent two ultracapacitor monomer-the first ultracapacitor monomer Ca and the second ultracapacitor monomer Cb respectively and the second voltage collector Bb is connected to comparator COMP; The output of comparator is divided into two-way, and a road directly connects the first AND circuit ANDa, and it exports and drives the first electronic power switch IGBTa in parallel with the first ultracapacitor monomer Ca; Lead up in addition after not circuit NOT and be connected to the second AND circuit ANDb, it exports and drives the second electronic power switch IGBTb in parallel with the second ultracapacitor monomer Cb; Another input of two " AND circuit " is all connected to pulse generator M, shares an inductance L between every two adjacent capacitors and electronic power switch loop.
In real time the voltage of adjacent two ultracapacitor monomers is compared by comparator, the turn-on and turn-off of the output potential of comparator and pulse generator control switch device after logical circuit process, thus the energy in the higher capacitor of control voltage is automatically transferred in the lower capacitor of adjacent voltage and goes; By real-time conversion, the voltage of capacitor is made to be in dynamic equalization state.
Described ultracapacitor voltage equalizing circuit, can be applicable in the bank of super capacitors of any capacitance grade, any compound mode, and M ultracapacitor needs M-1 voltage balance circuit.
The loss of ultracapacitor voltage equalizing circuit pressure equalizing basic noenergy, all pressure efficiency are high, balancing speed soon, and can carry out electric voltage equalization in charging and discharging process.
The course of work of the present invention is as follows:
(1) charging process
The charging circuit configuration figure built according to the present invention as shown in Figure 4, set and by the constant-current source of 100A, the serial module structure that the ultracapacitor different by 4 capacitances forms is charged, voltage balance circuit of the present invention is all accessed at every ultracapacitor two ends, have 3 equalizing circuits, its internal structure is identical.The capacitance of 4 ultracapacitors is respectively: C1=1000F, C2=1200F, C3=1400F, C4=1600F.
When charging, because charging current is identical, according to U=It/C, capacitance C is less, and it is faster that its terminal voltage rises; I.e. voltage rise the fastest of C1 when charging, the terminal voltage of C2, C3, C4 reduces successively.Due to the effect of equalizing circuit, comparator COMP1 can compare terminal voltage U1, the U2 of C1, C2 in real time, and as U1 > U2, comparator COMP1 exports high level signal, and the output after " not gate NOT1 " is low level signal.So export the positive half period of square wave at pulse generator M1, the output of " with door AND1 " is high level, and will trigger IGBT1, IGBT1 conducting, now capacitor C1 charges to inductance L 1, C1 terminal voltage declines, inductance L 1 voltage rise; The negative half-cycle of square wave is exported at M1, IGBT1 closes, L1 by with C2 by forming conducting loop with the diode of IGBT2 reverse parallel connection, L1 charges to C2, L1 voltage reduces, C2 voltage raises, namely indirectly by the energy trasfer of capacitor C1 to capacitor C2, reduce the voltage U 1 of C1, the voltage of C2 improve U2.This process exports as low level signal due to " not gate NOT1 " in crossing, so " with door AND2 " exports is low level always, therefore IGBT2 is in closed condition always.
If the terminal voltage of C2 is higher than C1, namely during U2 > U1, then comparator COMP1 exports as low level signal, and its output after " not gate NOT1 " is high level signal.So export the positive half period of square wave at pulse generator M1, the output of " with door AND2 " is high level, will trigger, IGBT2 conducting to IGBT2, and now capacitor C2 will charge to inductance L 1, C2 terminal voltage declines, inductance L 1 voltage rise; Export the negative half-cycle of square wave at M1, IGBT2 closes, L1 by with C1 by forming conducting loop with the diode of IGBT1 reverse parallel connection, L1 charges to C1, L1 voltage reduce, C1 voltage raise, namely indirectly by the energy trasfer of C2 to C1, reduce U2, improve U1.This process exports as low level signal due to comparator COMP1 in crossing, so " with door AND1 " exports is low level always, therefore IGBT1 is in closed condition always.
In like manner, when C2 voltage is higher than (U2 > U3) during C3, the positive half period conducting IGBT3 of square wave will be exported at pulse generator M2, C2 charges to inductance L 2, and C3 is charged by L2 at the negative half-cycle of M2 output square wave, thus by the energy trasfer of C2 to C3, reduce C2 voltage, improve C3 voltage.When the voltage of C3 is higher than (U3 > U2) during C2, the positive half period conducting IGBT4 of square wave will be exported at pulse generator M2, C3 charges to inductance L 2, and C2 is charged by L2 at the negative half-cycle of M2 output square wave, thus by the energy trasfer of C3 to C2, reduce C3 voltage, improve C2 voltage.The rest may be inferred, finally reaches the dynamic equilibrium of each capacitor terminal voltage.
Because the frequency of pulse generator is very high, so energy transfer speed is very fast, and do not have energy consumption device in whole process, noenergy is lost, and equalization efficiency is very high.
(2) discharge process
According to the discharge circuit structure chart built of the present invention as shown in Figure 5, whole equalizing circuit structure and parameters is all constant, and charge power supply is replaced with discharge resistance.When discharging, capacitance more small voltage declines faster, thus during electric discharge C1 voltage drop the soonest, the terminal voltage of C2, C3, C4 raises successively.Due to the effect of equalizing circuit, comparator COMP1 can compare terminal voltage U1, the U2 of C1, C2 in real time, as U1 < U2, and comparator COMP1 output low level signal, and export after " not gate NOT1 " as high level signal.So export the positive half period of square wave at pulse generator M1, the output of " with door AND2 " is high level, and will trigger IGBT2, IGBT2 conducting, now capacitor C2 charges to inductance L 1, C2 terminal voltage declines, inductance L 1 voltage rise; Export the negative half-cycle of square wave at M1, IGBT2 closes, L1 by with C1 by forming conducting loop with the diode of IGBT1 reverse parallel connection, L1 charges to C1, L1 voltage reduce, C1 voltage raise, namely indirectly by the energy trasfer of capacitor C2 to capacitor C1, reduce U2, improve U1.This process exports as low level signal due to comparator COMP1 in crossing, so " with door AND1 " exports is low level always, therefore IGBT1 is in closed condition always.
If the terminal voltage of C1 is higher than C2, namely during U1 > U2, then comparator COMP1 exports as high level signal, and it exports as low level signal after " not gate NOT1 ".So export the positive half period of square wave at pulse generator M1, the output of " with door AND1 " is high level, will trigger, IGBT1 conducting to IGBT1, and now capacitor C1 will charge to inductance L 1, C1 terminal voltage declines, inductance L 1 voltage rise; Export the negative half-cycle of square wave at M1, IGBT1 closes, L1 by with C2 by forming conducting loop with the diode of IGBT2 reverse parallel connection, L1 charges to C2, L1 voltage reduce, C2 voltage raise, namely indirectly by the energy trasfer of C1 to C2, reduce U1, improve U2.This process exports as low level signal due to " not gate NOT1 " in crossing, so " with door AND2 " exports is low level always, therefore IGBT2 is in closed condition always.
In like manner, by that analogy, voltage balancing device dynamically by the energy of capacitance higher for voltage, can be transferred to by inductance in the capacitor of adjacent voltage reduction and go, fall height and mend low, finally reach the dynamic equilibrium of each capacitor terminal voltage indirectly.
Below by way of specific embodiment, invention is described in detail:
Specific embodiment one
Implement with circuit diagram shown in Fig. 4, each capacitor monomer initial voltage is set and is 0V; Inductance in circuit is set to 10 μ H, and switching tube pulse frequency is set to 2000Hz.
Measure in real time capacitor voltage at both ends waveform, waveform as shown in Figure 6.
From oscillogram, although the capacitance gap of each capacitor is larger, but under the effect of pressure-equalizing device, during charging, the terminal voltage change curve of 4 ultracapacitors is almost overlapping, reach its rated voltage 3V when 39s simultaneously, and be stabilized in this value always, demonstrate the superperformance of this voltage balance circuit.If do not add and all press measure, in theory when C1 is full of (voltage reaches 3V), the terminal voltage of C4 is only 3 × 1000/1600=1.875V.
Specific embodiment two
Still implement with above-mentioned circuit structure, before charging, make it have different initial voltages to respectively in advance 4 ultracapacitor chargings, the initial voltage of 4 capacitors is respectively: UC1=0V, UC2=1V, UC3=1.5V, UC4=2.5V, DC/DC converter inductance is still set to 10 μ H, switching tube pulse frequency is set to 2000Hz, measures in real time capacitor voltage at both ends waveform, and waveform as shown in Figure 7.
As can be seen from oscillogram, even if, capacity very large in each monomer initial voltage gap is also different, the effect of electric voltage equalization still can be reached very soon under the effect of this pressure-equalizing device, demonstrates all pressures characteristic that this circuit is good.
Specific embodiment three
The module be still composed in series with above-mentioned 4 ultracapacitors is implemented, and charge power supply is replaced with discharge resistance, and circuit structure as shown in Figure 5.Resistance is set as 0.02 Ω, verifies all pressures characteristic when it discharges.
Make it have different initial voltages to respectively in advance 4 ultracapacitor chargings, the initial voltage of 4 capacitors is respectively: UC1=2V, UC2=2.2V, UC3=2.5V, UC4=3V, measure in real time the voltage waveform at capacitor two ends when discharging, waveform as shown in Figure 8.
As can be seen from oscillogram, even if, capacity very large in each monomer initial voltage gap is also different, in discharge process, each monomer voltage also can reach balanced effect very soon.
From above concrete case study on implementation, equalizer circuit of the present invention, basic noenergy loss, efficiency is high, electric voltage equalization speed is very fast, electric voltage equalization can be carried out in charging and discharging process, resultant effect is good, can improve reliability and the effective rate of utilization of ultracapacitor energy storage module.
Claims (4)
1. an energy transfer ultracapacitor voltage equalizing circuit, it is characterized in that: between every two adjacent ultracapacitor monomers, be connected with a Technics of Power Electronic Conversion circuit, control the switching tube turn-on and turn-off in parallel with each ultracapacitor monomer by the voltage that gathers between each ultracapacitor monomer voltage more adjacent ultracapacitor monomer, energy is transmitted between adjacent two capacitors by inductance, and the energy in the ultracapacitor monomer that voltage is high is the most at last transferred in the low ultracapacitor monomer of voltage by Technics of Power Electronic Conversion circuit.
2. energy transfer ultracapacitor voltage equalizing circuit according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described Technics of Power Electronic Conversion circuit comprises voltage collector, comparator, AND circuit, not circuit, inductance, electronic power switch and pulse generator; Every ultracapacitor monomer two ends shunt voltage collector, the first voltage collector (Ba) in parallel with adjacent two ultracapacitor monomer-the first ultracapacitors monomer (Ca) and the second ultracapacitor monomer (Cb) respectively and the second voltage collector (Bb) are connected to comparator (COMP); The output of comparator (COMP) is divided into two-way, comparator (COMP) output one tunnel connects the first AND circuit (ANDa), and the first AND circuit (ANDa) exports and drives first electronic power switch (IGBTa) in parallel with the first ultracapacitor monomer; Comparator (COMP) output is leaded up in addition after not circuit (NOT) and is connected to the second AND circuit (ANDb), and the second AND circuit (ANDb) exports and drives second electronic power switch (IGBTb) in parallel with the second ultracapacitor monomer (Cb); Another input of first AND circuit (ANDa) and the second AND circuit (ANDb) is all connected to pulse generator (M), shares an inductance (L) between every two adjacent ultracapacitor monomers and electronic power switch loop.
3. energy transfer ultracapacitor voltage equalizing circuit according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described electronic power switch adopts IGBT.
4. energy transfer ultracapacitor voltage equalizing circuit according to claim 2, is characterized in that: the ultracapacitor set of monomers that N capacitance is different becomes serial module structure, connects N-1 Technics of Power Electronic Conversion circuit.
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| CN201410812059.0A CN104467105B (en) | 2014-12-23 | 2014-12-23 | A kind of energy transfer ultracapacitor voltage equalizing circuit |
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| CN201410812059.0A CN104467105B (en) | 2014-12-23 | 2014-12-23 | A kind of energy transfer ultracapacitor voltage equalizing circuit |
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| CN104901390A (en) * | 2015-06-23 | 2015-09-09 | 北京工业大学 | Balancing method and circuit of serially-connected battery pack/super capacitor set |
| CN110350640A (en) * | 2019-07-08 | 2019-10-18 | 中国矿业大学 | Super-capacitor voltage equilibrium and complementary energy collecting circuit and method based on DC/DC circuit |
| CN110611342A (en) * | 2019-07-22 | 2019-12-24 | 航宇救生装备有限公司 | Low-temperature pulse battery circuit for air-drop |
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| CN110611342A (en) * | 2019-07-22 | 2019-12-24 | 航宇救生装备有限公司 | Low-temperature pulse battery circuit for air-drop |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN104467105B (en) | 2016-11-30 |
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