CN104466334A - Broadband mode converter based on layered media - Google Patents
Broadband mode converter based on layered media Download PDFInfo
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- CN104466334A CN104466334A CN201410705897.8A CN201410705897A CN104466334A CN 104466334 A CN104466334 A CN 104466334A CN 201410705897 A CN201410705897 A CN 201410705897A CN 104466334 A CN104466334 A CN 104466334A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a broadband mode converter based on layered media. The broadband mode converter comprises a regular circular waveguide and low-loss and high-temperature-resistant layered media. The regular circular waveguide is cylindrical, the low-loss and high-temperature-resistant layered media are radial layered media or angular layered media or media layered in the radial direction and the angular direction, the circular waveguide is filled with the layered media, the layered media are gradually changed in the axial direction, and the medias of all layers are composed of isotropic media or anisotropic media or incongruous media of different dielectric constants or effective dielectric constants. The size of the regular circular waveguide can be adjusted, and the number of layers and positions of the layered media and the dielectric constants or effective dielectric constants, the size and the gradual change mode of the media of the layers can be adjusted. According to the converter, mode conversion of a specific mode is achieved according to coupling of the modes of the media of the layers in the circular waveguide, the advantages of being simple in structure, small in size, coaxial in input and output, high in conversion efficiency, wide in conversion frequency band, high in power capacity and the like are achieved, the broadband mode converter is applied to a microwave radiation system, and compactness of the radiation system can be greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a high-power broadband mode converter, in particular to a microwave mode converter for realizing specific mode conversion by filling different forms of layered media, belonging to the technical field of microwave transmission and microwave antennas.
Background
In recent years, non-uniform dielectric-filled waveguides have gained a number of important applications in microwave and millimeter wave technology. Layered media is the deepest and most important application form studied in heterogeneous media, and can be divided into planar layered media and cylindrical layered media according to the layered mode. The cylindrical layered medium is divided into an annular layered medium and a fan-shaped layered medium according to the difference between radial layering and angular layering. The layered medium with low loss and high temperature resistance filled in the waveguide has the characteristics of simple design, easy processing, low cost and the like, and when electromagnetic waves are propagated in the waveguide filled with the layered medium, the electromagnetic waves meet the continuous conditions of interfaces of various layers of media besides the Maxwell wave equation and the metal boundary conditions, so certain coupling can be generated among electromagnetic modes in the waveguide, and the waveguide filled with the layered medium can be applied to the design of important high-power microwave devices such as mode converters, so that the performance of the devices is improved, and the application is huge.
At present, a waveguide mode converter externally connected with a gyrotron and a high-power microwave source needs to complete a series of mode conversion, wherein two important types of conversion are TM01（TE01）-TE11Mode conversion and TE11(TM11)-HE11And (4) mode conversion. At home and abroad about TM01（TE01）-TE11Mode conversion is reported more, but most of the mode conversion is realized by adopting a bent waveguide or insertion plate phase shifting mode, and the size and the complexity of the converters with the two structures are larger; about TE11(TM11)-HE11Mode conversion is rarely reported, and is traditionally realized by adopting a ripple waveguide with gradually-changed surface impedance, although the converter has a compact structure and high conversion efficiency, the gaps between the teeth of the converter are easy to ignite under high power, and the width of the groove area is narrowed along with the increase of frequency, so that the converter is difficult to process.
Mode coupling theory states that when there is non-uniformity in the waveguide structure, coupling between modes will occur therein. Non-uniformities in the waveguide include bends in the waveguide axis, variations in the cross-sectional radius, non-uniformities in the filling medium, and the like. Paper "9.4 GHz overmoulded smooth wall TE11-HE11Mode converter design "(intense laser and particle beam, vol.25, No. 2, p394, 2013) and article" X-band overmoded curved circular waveguide TM01-HE11Mode converter research (Physics, vol.62, 7, p078401, 2013) proposed obtaining HE using waveguide radius tapering and waveguide axial bending, respectively11Mode(s). According to the mode coupling theory, the two methods realize the change of the electromagnetic mode radial and angular angle marks in the circular waveguide by changing the metal structure of the waveguide so as to obtain the HE11Mode, the novel method solves some defects of ripple wave waveguides, but the novel method also has the problems of irregular structure, large size and the like. Furthermore, the HE is realized by loading a double-layer medium in a conical horn by Jianronghua et al in Chinese institute of engineering and physics11The mode propagation and directional radiation have better effect compared with the traditional ripple horn.
Based on the theoretical basis, the invention realizes specific mode conversion by filling layered media in the regular waveguide according to different modes to change the radial and angular angle marks of the electromagnetic mode on the premise of not changing the metal structure of the waveguide, can realize a mode converter with miniaturization, high efficiency, high power and large bandwidth, and has great application prospect.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of overlarge size, complex structure, lower bandwidth, overhigh cost and the like of the conventional waveguide mode converter, the invention provides a broadband mode converter based on a layered medium, which has the advantages of simple structure, small size, high conversion efficiency, large bandwidth, high power capacity and coaxial input and output, and can greatly improve the compactness of a radiation system when being used in a microwave radiation system.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the low-loss and high-temperature resistant layered medium is filled in the regular circular waveguide by utilizing the existing medium processing technology, the layered medium is a radial layered medium, an angular layered medium or a radial and angular layered medium which gradually changes along the axial direction of the layered medium, and each layer of medium is composed of isotropic medium, anisotropic medium or anisotropic medium with different dielectric constants or effective dielectric constants. The characteristics of the mode converter such as working frequency, working bandwidth, reflection, power capacity, length and the like are adjusted by adjusting the size of the circular waveguide, the number and the position of the layered media in the circular waveguide, the dielectric constant or effective dielectric constant of each layer of media, the size and the gradual change mode.
The invention provides several design methods for different mode conversion by filling low-loss and high-temperature-resistant layered media with different layering modes in a circular waveguide.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: (1) the mode converter has simple structure and coaxial input and output, and can greatly improve the compactness of a radiation system when being applied to a microwave radiation system; (2) the mode conversion efficiency and the bandwidth can be enlarged by adjusting the characteristics of low loss, high temperature resistant layered medium, such as the number of layers, the dielectric constant or the effective dielectric constant, and the like, and the power capacity is improved; (3) the outline and the interior of the mode converter do not comprise a complex metal structure, so that the mode converter is easy to process and low in cost; (4) according to different layering modes of the filling medium, coupling transformation among different modes can be realized, and the application prospect is wide.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a TE provided in example 111-（TM11）-HE11A cross-sectional view of the mode converter structure;
FIG. 2 is a TE provided in example 111-（TM11）-HE11A mode converter cross-sectional view;
FIG. 3 is a TM provided in example 201-（TE01）-TE11A mode converter configuration elevation;
FIG. 4 is a TM provided in example 301（TE01）--HE11A mode converter configuration elevation;
in the figure, 1 is a regular circular waveguide, 2 is a low-loss and high-temperature-resistant microwave medium I, 3 is a low-loss and high-temperature-resistant microwave medium II, 4 is a low-loss and high-temperature-resistant microwave medium III, and the number of layers, positions, shapes and sizes of the medium in all the figures do not represent the actual situation.
Detailed Description
The structure and operation of the present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are illustrative of several embodiments of the invention.
The mode converter of the invention is composed of a regular circular waveguide 1 and microwave single-layer media I, II and III filled in the regular circular waveguide. Among them, the circular waveguide generally adopts stainless steel, copper or aluminum with high conductivity and low loss; the microwave single-layer media I, II and III are low-loss, high-temperature-resistant, easy-to-form and low-price polytetrafluoroethylene, polystyrene, ceramic materials or novel composite anisotropic materials and the like.
Example 1, TE11-（TM11）-HE11A mode converter: see the description attached figure 1 and the description attached figure 2. FIG. 1 is a sectional view, and FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view, in which the layered medium filled in the circular waveguide is a radial layered medium. Media I is a fillerThe outer medium filled in the circular waveguide and closely attached to the inner wall of the circular waveguide is generally a uniform hollow cylindrical medium with a radiusr ⅠEqual to the inner radius of a circular waveguideaLength ofL ⅠThe medium has a radial thickness oft Ⅰ（z) (ii) a The medium II is an inner medium embedded in the medium I and has a radius ofr Ⅱ（z) Length ofL Ⅱ. Wherein,t Ⅰ（z) Andr Ⅱ（z) For transmitting axial distances of microwaves in circular waveguideszAs a function of (a) or (b),t Ⅰ（z) Andr Ⅱ（z) Is a linear function or a non-linear function and satisfies:t Ⅰ（z）+ r Ⅱ （z）=a. When the microwave is transmitted in the circular waveguide, due to the uneven medium in the transmission direction, the coupling between the microwave modes occurs, the radial angle mark of the microwave transmission mode is changed due to the radial layered medium gradually changed along the axial direction in the circular waveguide, and the TE11Mode or TM11Modes can be coupled out of TE n1Mode and TM n1Mode, TE fed into the circular waveguide when the medium I and the medium II in the circular waveguide satisfy a certain composition11-（TM11) The mode can be converted into HE of high purity at the end of the circular waveguide11Mode(s).
In order to improve the conversion efficiency, conversion bandwidth and power capacity of the mode converter and reduce the size and reflection of the mode converter, the radius of the circular waveguide needs to be continuously adjustedaDielectric constant or effective dielectric constant and length of medium IL ⅠDielectric constant or effective dielectric constant and length of medium IIL ⅡAnd continuously optimizing the thickness of the medium It Ⅰ（z) And radius of medium IIr Ⅱ（z) The parameters and the number of dielectric layers are selected according to Maxwell's equation of electromagnetic field and boundary condition analysis, or calculated and simulated by electromagnetic field value, or determined by experiment. The aboveThe effect of the process including the layers of media at the interface is analyzed.
Example 2, TM01-（TE01）-TE11A mode converter: see figure 3 of the specification. FIG. 3 is a front view of a circular waveguide filled with an azimuthally layered medium. The medium I is a fan-shaped medium filled in the circular waveguide and clinging to the inner wall of the circular waveguide, and the radius of the medium I isaLength ofL ⅠWith a central angle thetaⅠ（z) (ii) a Medium II is a fan-shaped medium filled in the circular waveguide and clinging to the inner wall of the circular waveguide, and the radius of the medium II isaLength ofL ⅡWith a central angle thetaⅡ（z). Wherein the central angle thetaⅠ（z) And thetaⅡ（z) For transmitting axial distances of microwaves in circular waveguideszFunction of thetaⅠ（z) And thetaⅡ（z) Is a linear function or a non-linear function and satisfies: thetaⅠ（z）+θⅡ（z）=2π. When the microwave is transmitted in the circular waveguide, coupling occurs between microwave modes due to the uneven medium in the transmission direction, the angular layered medium gradually changed along the axial direction in the circular waveguide causes the angular angle mark of the microwave transmission mode to change, and TM01Mode or TE01Modes can be coupled out of TE11Mode, TM fed into the circular waveguide when the medium I and the medium II in the circular waveguide satisfy a certain composition01（TE01) The mode can be converted into TE of high purity at the end of the circular waveguide11Mode(s).
In order to improve the conversion efficiency, conversion bandwidth and power capacity of the mode converter and reduce the size and reflection of the mode converter, the radius of the circular waveguide needs to be continuously adjustedaDielectric constant or effective dielectric constant and length of medium IL ⅠDielectric constant or effective dielectric constant and length of medium IIL ⅡAnd continuously optimizing the central angle theta of the media I, IIⅠ（z) And thetaⅡ（z) Is composed ofThe parameters and the number of dielectric layers are selected according to Maxwell's equation of electromagnetic field and boundary condition analysis, or calculated and simulated by electromagnetic field value, or determined by experiment. The above analysis includes the effect of the process of the media of the various layers at the interface.
Example 3, TM01-（TE01）-HE11A mode converter: see figure 4 of the specification. FIG. 4 is a front view of the layered medium filled in the circular waveguide, wherein the layered medium is a radially and angularly layered medium. Example 3 is a combination of example 1 and example 2, and is different from example 1 in that medium II in example 3 is not a single radius gradient medium any more, but is changed into media II and media III which are angularly layered in example 2, and then filled in medium I to form a medium which is radially and angularly layered. The radial and angular stratification and axial grading of the media in example 3 were the same as described in examples 1 and 2. When microwave is transmitted in the circular waveguide, coupling occurs between microwave modes due to the uneven medium in the transmission direction, and the radial layering and the angular layering medium gradually changed along the axial direction in the circular waveguide cause the radial and angular angle marks of the microwave transmission mode to change, TM01Mode or TE01Modes may be coupled out of HE11When the medium I, the medium II and the medium III in the circular waveguide satisfy a certain composition, TM fed into the circular waveguide01（TE01) The mode can be converted into HE of high purity at the end of the circular waveguide11Mode(s).
As with the optimization process of embodiments 1 and 2, the structural parameters of the mode converter need to be continually adjusted to achieve optimum performance.
Claims (7)
1. The broadband mode converter based on the layered medium is characterized by comprising a regular circular waveguide and a low-loss high-temperature-resistant layered medium, wherein the regular circular waveguide is cylindrical, the low-loss high-temperature-resistant layered medium is a radial layered medium, an angular layered medium or a radial and angular layered medium which is filled in the circular waveguide and gradually changes along the axial direction of the circular waveguide, and each layer of medium is composed of isotropic medium, anisotropic medium or anisotropic medium with different dielectric constants or effective dielectric constants.
2. The mode converter according to claim 1, wherein the filled low-loss, high-temperature-resistant layered medium is a radially layered medium graded along its axial direction in a circular waveguide for implementing TE11-HE11Mode conversion and TM11-HE11And (4) mode conversion.
3. The mode converter according to claim 1, wherein the filled low-loss, high-temperature-resistant layered medium is an angular layered medium graded along its axial direction in a circular waveguide for realizing TM01-TE11Mode conversion and TE01-TE11And (4) mode conversion.
4. The mode converter according to claim 1, wherein the filled low-loss, high-temperature-resistant layered medium is a radially and angularly graded medium graded along its axial direction in a circular waveguide for realizing TM01-HE11Mode conversion and TE01-HE11And (4) mode conversion.
5. Mode converter according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, characterized in that the number of layers of the filled low-loss, high-temperature resistant layered medium, the dielectric constant or effective dielectric constant of each layer of medium, the dimensions and the grading pattern are adjustable.
6. A mode converter as claimed in claim 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, characterized in that the regular circular waveguide is adjustable in size and the position of the respective layer of medium in the regular circular waveguide is adjustable.
7. Mode converters for implementing further mode conversions according to various combinations of claims 2, 3 and 4.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107516752A (en) * | 2017-07-18 | 2017-12-26 | 北京大学 | The Ultra-High Order wave-guide mode excitation device and implementation method of millimeter wave Terahertz frequency range |
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| US20090252456A1 (en) * | 2008-04-08 | 2009-10-08 | Alcatel-Lucent. | Optical mode-converter structure |
| CN102012537A (en) * | 2010-08-30 | 2011-04-13 | 南京大学 | Optical waveguide utilizing artificial electromagnetic medium |
| WO2011068235A1 (en) * | 2009-12-04 | 2011-06-09 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Mode converter |
| CN203180014U (en) * | 2013-04-09 | 2013-09-04 | 中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所 | Meta-material mode converter |
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- 2014-12-01 CN CN201410705897.8A patent/CN104466334A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20090252456A1 (en) * | 2008-04-08 | 2009-10-08 | Alcatel-Lucent. | Optical mode-converter structure |
| WO2011068235A1 (en) * | 2009-12-04 | 2011-06-09 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Mode converter |
| CN102012537A (en) * | 2010-08-30 | 2011-04-13 | 南京大学 | Optical waveguide utilizing artificial electromagnetic medium |
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| 张信歌: "S波段圆波导TM01-TE11模式变换器加工设计", 《电力电子》 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107516752A (en) * | 2017-07-18 | 2017-12-26 | 北京大学 | The Ultra-High Order wave-guide mode excitation device and implementation method of millimeter wave Terahertz frequency range |
| CN107516752B (en) * | 2017-07-18 | 2019-09-13 | 北京大学 | Millimeter wave-Terahertz frequency range Ultra-High Order wave-guide mode excitation device and implementation method |
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