CN104464494B - Planar linkage mechanism instruction analysis instrument - Google Patents
Planar linkage mechanism instruction analysis instrument Download PDFInfo
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- CN104464494B CN104464494B CN201410826027.6A CN201410826027A CN104464494B CN 104464494 B CN104464494 B CN 104464494B CN 201410826027 A CN201410826027 A CN 201410826027A CN 104464494 B CN104464494 B CN 104464494B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B25/00—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B25/02—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes of industrial processes; of machinery
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Abstract
Planar linkage mechanism instruction analysis instrument belongs to technical field of teaching instruments, purpose is that static display can only be carried out by solving existing teaching aid showcase, dynamic demonstration teaching aid Knowledge Aggregation degree is low, it is bulky be difficult explain with hall, the problems such as existing teaching aid can not effectively probe into the relation between mechanism quickreturn characteristics and slider-crank mechanism eccentric throw and motion conditions.The present invention includes three parts:The conversion of Part I lanar four rod mechanism probes into unit with kinetic characteristic, long by adjusting rod, carries out four-bar mechanism conversion;The kinetic characteristic of Part II slider-crank mechanism probes into unit, adjusts eccentric throw with crane, probes into the change of eccentric throw and the relation of mechanism kinematic situation;Part III is that the typical case of four-bar mechanism applies demonstration unit, probes into the aggregate motion of multiple typical mechanisms.Described three are partially installed on aluminium section bar on bottom plate.
Description
Technical field
Probed into the present invention relates to a kind of teaching aid, more particularly to a kind of mechanical subject planar linkage mechanism structural analysis with motion
Teaching aid, belongs to the technical fields such as planar linkage, mechanical subject teaching, Popular Science Education exhibition.
Background technology
China contemporary education man's Xun's condition it is proposed that:" education should be based on ' smell ', if he, which says not hear, or not it, Wen Zhi
If news of not seeing it ... and lose, seeing and do not know, must be absurd though knowing though rich must be wrong ".The primary teaching of modern mechanical discilpline education
Mode is to be combined theory teaching with laboratory practices, culture development in an all-round way, the student for having spirit of exploration and creativity.Vividly,
Intuitively, vivid mechanical subject teaching aid, can help student to set up perceptual knowledge directly perceived, guiding student is observed teaching aid, point
Analysis is thought deeply, proposes problem and the method that therefrom association solves the problems, such as.
Planar linkage mechanism be it is a kind of apply quite varied mechanism, the student that many rigid connections touch mechanical subject be all with
This introduction,《Theory of mechanics》Course is lectured as one of important knowledge point.Because student is to step into mechanical neck for the first time
Domain does not have practical experience, and planar linkage mechanism is not known about yet, and spatial model is not formed in brains, and spatial abstraction thinking is compared
Shortcoming, so teacher's only term on classroom is said and solves the device structure always do not seen of those students and its action process,
Often teacher says to obtain mouth parched and tongue scorched, student listen in cloud in mist, hear last or do not understand, make student to mechanical subject
Study loses confidence.Therefore, reinforcement Direct-viewing Teaching is highly desirable in teaching, Direct-viewing Teaching is to learn planar linkage mechanism well
Important channel, corresponding object visual is the important means of experimental teaching.
And most of existing teaching tool for plane connecting rod mechanism can only be positioned over laboratory, it is impossible to bring classroom into explanation knowledge
Do and timely shown to student while point;In the long sum condition of checking bar, student must use measurer manual measurement bar long;
Conventional display cabinet can only do the static display of typical mechanism;Existing teaching aid can not effectively show the quickreturn characteristics and crank of mechanism
Relation between slide block mechanism eccentric throw and motion conditions so that understanding of the student to these concepts can only rest on pushing away for formula
Reason is with analysis, learning to get up to feel relatively difficult;Some can realize the planar linkage teaching aid of dynamic demonstration in the market, supporting
Electronic circuitry part is too complicated, bulky, and explanation knowledge point integrated level is low, and cost performance is low.
In order to improve the learning efficiency of planar linkage mechanism, the manipulative ability and exploring spirit of training student are simple, just
Take, efficiently, to integrate demonstration very necessary with the planar linkage teaching aid starting to probe into.Simultaneously available for science popularization exhibitions such as science and technology centers
Looking at place carries out mechanical displaying, the attraction of the mechanical exhibition of raising.
The content of the invention
The invention provides a kind of planar linkage mechanism instruction analysis instrument, main purpose is to be difficult band to solve existing teaching aid
Enter classroom explain with hall, teaching aid showcase can only carry out static display, and student grasps during existing double leval jib change teaching aid experiment
Bother, quick-return characteristics of planar linkage, slider-crank mechanism eccentric throw and kinetic characteristic relation are now lacked in the lab
In terms of the experiment teaching aid probed into of knowledge point, the existing dynamic demonstration teaching aid Knowledge Aggregation degree of in the market is low, bulky, sexual valence
Than low, the planar linkage of science popularization displaying in exhibition center, mechanism is single, the problems such as lacking attraction.Main explanation four of the invention
The conversion of connecting rod, the condition for probing into crank presence, the quickreturn characteristics of correct decision mechanism, the dead-centre position handgrip body, mechanism
Drive line angle and pressure angle and a variety of quadric chains typical case's application in terms of knowledge.
To achieve these goals, the invention mainly comprises three parts:Part I is the conversion of lanar four rod mechanism
Unit is probed into kinetic characteristic, this part is entirely manual control, by adjusting frame and active side link in four-bar mechanism
Length, has reached the effect of four bars conversion;Part II is that the kinetic characteristic of slider-crank mechanism probes into unit, this portion body
The slider-crank mechanism of eccentric throw can be adjusted by being one, and the motion of driving crank is driven with a direct current generator, crane is used
To adjust eccentric throw, the change of eccentric throw and the relation of mechanism kinematic situation are observed;Part III is that the typical case of four-bar mechanism should
With demonstration unit, some typical four-bar mechanism performance models are chosen in this part, wherein having crank block engine cylinder model, song
Handle rocking bar shaping machine model, double rocking lever He Shi crane models, three model only one of which inputs, are realized by a bent axle
The shunting of power.Described three are partially installed on aluminium section bar on bottom plate.
The conversion of the lanar four rod mechanism probes into unit with kinetic characteristic, and this element includes hand disk 1, side link
1st, side link 2, connecting rod 1, frame 1, length scales 1, length scales 2, support frame 1, support frame 2, support frame 3, change bar length are lived
Dynamic screw-nut.The hand disk is fixed on the bottom plate by support frame 1, and the frame is by support frame 2, support frame 3
It is fixed on bottom plate.The hand disk 1 of manual rotational band handle, drives the side link 1 with its hinge, so as to drive by disk
With the link rotatable of the hinge of side link 1, so as to drive the side link 2 with connecting rod link to rotate.
The conversion of the lanar four rod mechanism probes into unit with kinetic characteristic, changes side link 1 and the work(of frame length
The active screw nut that can be freely tightened by the side link 1 of trough of belt, the frame of trough of belt, two sets is realized.Screw passes through trough of belt
Bar and the special nut of another side are connected, and nut can be fixed on the ad-hoc location with channel bar by tightening screw, it would be desirable to be connected
Rod member be connected with the special nut behind channel bar with pin, being so achieved that needs connecting rod and the connection with channel bar, with
And the bar length change with channel bar.The length change scope of frame is that 40-150mm, side link excursion are 30-100mm, bar
The length scales that length value can be pasted on bar are read.
The conversion of the lanar four rod mechanism probes into unit with kinetic characteristic, mainly probes into quadric chain conversion, machine
The knowledge points such as structure quickreturn characteristics.When probing into quadric chain conversion, the long traveling nut regulation of described change bar is passed sequentially through
The length of side link 1 and frame, can realize the conversion of double-crank, crank rocker, double rocker mechanism, record rod length, from
And probe into the structure and kinetic characteristic of different institutions.When probing into quickreturn characteristics, change bar length and shake mechanism alternation for crank
Linkage, rotates hand disk 1, it may be observed that during 1 uniform rotation of side link, the speed of the reciprocating swing of side link 2 is sometimes fast and sometimes slow,
As the urgency of mechanism returns phenomenon.
The kinetic characteristic of the slider-crank mechanism probes into unit, this element include hand disk 2, screw mandrel, special nut,
Guide rail 1, crane, guide rail 2, sliding block, connecting rod 2, disk, motor 1, support base 1, support base 2, support base 3, support base 4, height
Chi.The motor is 12V direct current generators, is fixed on by support base 1 on bottom plate, while being connected with disk 1.The hand disk
2 are connected with screw mandrel, and screw mandrel is supported by support base 3, the support base 4 fixed with bottom plate.The special nut coordinates with screw mandrel, simultaneously
Special nut is connected with the top shoe 1 of guide rail 1.The crane with special nut while be connected, while being connected with bottom plate.It is described to lead
Rail 1 is connected with bottom plate, and guide rail 2 is connected with crane upper end, and sliding block 2 coordinates with guide rail 2, while sliding block and the hinge of connecting rod 2, connecting rod
2 are fixed on bottom plate with disk hinge, disk by support base 4.
The kinetic characteristic of the slider-crank mechanism probes into unit, crank rocker machine when mainly probing into crank block eccentric throw
The kinetic characteristic change of structure.Hand disk is shaken, drives crane to move up and down by screw mandrel, passes through the guide rail being connected with crane
2 adjust eccentric throw, and eccentric throw can be read by height gauge, and eccentric throw adjustable range -15mm arrives 60mm.Disk is driven with motor 1
Rotate, so as to drive whole crank rocker slide block mechanism to move.So as to which the different eccentric throws of observed and recorded are transported to slider-crank mechanism
Dynamic influence.
The typical case of the four-bar mechanism applies demonstration unit, and this element includes crank and rocker mechanism, guide-bar mechanism, slide crank
Block mechanism, support base, motor 2.The crank and rocker mechanism, guide-bar mechanism, slider-crank mechanism are fixed on bottom plate by support base
On.The motor 2 is 12V direct current generators, is fixed on by support base on bottom plate, with the connected power as whole unit of connecting rod 3
Input.The driving link of slider-crank mechanism and guide-bar mechanism is connected with optical axis 1, and driving link and the connecting rod 4 of crank and rocker mechanism are cut with scissors
Chain, connecting rod 4 and guide-bar mechanism driving link hinge.
The typical case of the four-bar mechanism applies demonstration unit, and main demonstration crank block engine cylinder model, crank shake
The motion conditions of bar shaping machine model, double rocking lever He Shi crane models.Rotated with the drivening rod 3 of motor 2, so as to drive institute
Crank and rocker mechanism, guide-bar mechanism, the slider-crank mechanism stated are moved, so as to intuitively see the movement characteristic of mechanism.
Beneficial effect:
1st, light weight small volume of the present invention is easy to carry, and solving most of existing teaching tool for plane connecting rod mechanism can only place
In laboratory, it is impossible to bring the problem of timely displaying is done in classroom while knowledge point is explained to student into.
2nd, the length of bar directly can be read by height gauge when present invention change bar is long, be solved in the checking long sum bar of bar
During part, student must use the problem of measurer manual measurement bar is long.
3rd, dynamic of the present invention is demonstrated and starts to probe into mechanism kinematic situation, and typical machine can only be made by solving conventional display cabinet
The problem of static display of structure.
4th, the present invention can the be visual in image quickreturn characteristics for showing mechanism and slider-crank mechanism eccentric throw and motion conditions
Between relation, solve the two aspects without object visual, understanding of the student to these concepts can only rest on formula
Reasoning is with analyzing, the problem of learning difficulty is larger.
5th, structure of the present invention simplifies, explains knowledge point integrated level height, and solving in the market, some can realize dynamic demonstration
Planar linkage teaching aid, supporting electronic circuitry part is too complicated, bulky, and explanation knowledge point integrated level is low, and cost performance is low
Problem.
6th, the present invention is arranged on the aluminium section bar bottom plate with multiple installing grooves, and it is convenient to dismount, and facilitates student to enter action
Hand is probed into.
7th, present invention encompasses all basic structures in planar linkage mechanism, it can save space using many Mechanism Combinations and improve
Integrated level, while new structure can be combined into, inspires the innovative thinking of student.
8th, collecting mechanism demonstration of the present invention is with starting to probe into one, and the demonstration mode of novel image can excite the study of student
Interest, help student is probed into by starting and understands complicated abstract concept, is improved learning efficiency.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is overall structure diagram of the invention;
Fig. 2 probes into cell schematics for the conversion of the lanar four rod mechanism of the present invention with kinetic characteristic;
Fig. 3 probes into cell schematics for the kinetic characteristic of the slider-crank mechanism of the present invention;
Fig. 4 applies demonstration unit schematic diagram for the typical case of the four-bar mechanism of the present invention;
Wherein:The conversion of 1- lanar four rod mechanisms probes into unit with kinetic characteristic, and the motion of 2- slider-crank mechanisms is special
Property probes into unit, and the typical case of 3- four-bar mechanisms applies demonstration unit, 4- bottom plates.
The hand disks 1 of 101-, 102- side links 1,103- length scales 1,104- changes the traveling nut 1,105- of bar length
Connecting rod 1,106- length scales 2,107- side links 2,108- frames, 109- changes the traveling nut 2 of bar length, 110- support frames
A3,111- support frame A1,112- support frame A2.
The hand disks 2 of 201-, 202- guide rails 1,203- screw mandrels, 204- sliding blocks 1,205- special nuts, 206- cranes,
207- guide rails 2,208- sliding blocks 2,209- motors 1,210- connecting rods 2,211- disks, 212- support bases B1,213- support base B2,
214- support bases B3,215- height gauge 1,216- support bases B4.
301- motors 2,302- support bases C1,303- shaft coupling, 304- short axles, 305- gear-boxes, 306- bevel gears pair,
307- support bases C2,308- support base C3,309- double rocker mechanism bar 3,310- double rocker mechanisms bar 2,311- double rocker mechanisms
Bar 1,312- drive links 2,313- support bases C4,314- drive link 1,315- guide-bar mechanisms bar 1,316- slider-crank mechanisms bar 1,
317- guide-bar mechanisms bar 2,318- slider-crank mechanism cylinders, 319- support bases C6,320- guide-bar mechanism bar 3,321- support bases
C5。
Embodiment
The implementation to the present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Referring to accompanying drawing 1, conversion of the present invention including lanar four rod mechanism probes into unit, crank block machine with kinetic characteristic
The kinetic characteristic of structure probes into unit, typical case's application demonstration unit of four-bar mechanism, bottom plate.Three units are fixed on bottom plate
On.
Referring to accompanying drawing 2, conversion and the kinetic characteristic of the lanar four rod mechanism probe into unit, including:Hand disk 1
(101), side link 1 (102), length scales 1 (103) change the traveling nut 1 (104) of bar length, connecting rod 1 (105), long scale
Chi 2 (106), side link 2 (107), frame (108) changes the traveling nut 2 (109) of bar length, support frame A3 (110), support frame
A1 (111), support frame A2 (112).The hand disk 1 (101) is fixed on the bottom plate (4) by support frame A1 (111),
The frame (108) is fixed on bottom plate (4) by support frame A2 (112), support frame A3 (110).The side link 1 (102) with
Hand disk 1 (101) is connected, and changes groove and nut that the screw in the traveling nut 1 (104) of bar length passes through side link 1 (102)
Coordinate.Described (105) one end of connecting rod 1 and nut hinge, one end hinge of the other end and side link 2 (107).Side link 2 (107)
Traveling nut 2 (109) of the other end with changing bar length nut hinge, the screw of traveling nut 2 (109) for changing bar length wears
The groove and nut for crossing frame (108) coordinate.Unscrew and moved in the active screw nut for changing bar length, the groove on bar, then twisted
Tight with regard to that can change, bar is long, realizes the conversion of quadric chain.Whole mechanism kinematic can be driven by rotating hand disk 1 (101).
Referring to accompanying drawing 3, the kinetic characteristic of the slider-crank mechanism probes into unit, including:Hand disk 2 (201), guide rail
1 (202), screw mandrel (203), sliding block 1 (204), special nut (205), crane (206), guide rail 2 (207), sliding block 2 (208),
Motor 1 (209), connecting rod 2 (210), disk (211), support base B1 (212), support base B2 (213), support base B3 (214) are high
Spend chi 1 (215), support base B4 (216).The motor 1 (209) is 12V direct current generators, is fixed on by support base B1 (212)
On bottom plate (4), while being connected with disk (211).The hand disk 2 (201) and screw mandrel (203) are connected, screw mandrel (203) by with
Connected support base B3 (214), support base B4 (216) support of bottom plate (4).The special nut (205) is matched somebody with somebody with screw mandrel (203)
Close, while special nut (205) is connected with the sliding block 1 (204) coordinated on guide rail 1 (202), guide rail 1 (202) is solid with bottom plate (4)
Even.The crane (206) with special nut (205) while be connected, while being connected with bottom plate (4).The guide rail 2 (207) with
Crane (206) upper end is connected, and sliding block 2 (208) coordinates with guide rail 2 (207), while sliding block 2 (208) is cut with scissors with connecting rod 2 (210)
Chain, connecting rod 2 (210) and disk (211) hinge, disk (211) are fixed on bottom plate (4) by support base B2 (213).Rotate hand
Disk 2 (201) can change the height of crane (206), so as to adjust the eccentric throw of slider-crank mechanism, connect motor 1
(209) whole mechanism kinematic can be driven.
Referring to accompanying drawing 4, the typical case of the four-bar mechanism applies demonstration unit, including:Motor 2 (301), support base C1
(302), shaft coupling (303), short axle (304), gear-box (305), bevel gear is to (306), support base C2 (307), support base C3
(308), double rocker mechanism bar 3 (309), double rocker mechanism bar 2 (310), double rocker mechanism bar 1 (311), drive link 2 (312),
Support base C4 (313), drive link 1 (314), guide-bar mechanism bar 1 (315), slider-crank mechanism bar 1 (316), guide-bar mechanism bar 2
(317), slider-crank mechanism cylinder (318), support base C6 (319), guide-bar mechanism bar 3 (320), support base C5 (321).It is described
Motor 2 (301) is 12V direct current generators, is fixed on by support base C1 (302) on bottom plate (4), by shaft coupling (303) and short axle
(304) it is connected, short axle (304) is connected with bevel gear to (306), bevel gear is interior to (306) fixing tooth roller box (305), gear-box
(305) it is fixed on bottom plate (4), drive link 1 (314) is connected with bevel gear to the output gear of (306), by support base C2
(307) it is fixed on support base C4 (313) on bottom plate (4).The drive link 1 (314) passes through the groove of guide-bar mechanism bar 1 (315),
Guide-bar mechanism bar 1 (315) and guide-bar mechanism bar 2 (317) hinge, guide-bar mechanism bar 2 (317) are cut with scissors with guide-bar mechanism bar 3 (320)
Chain, guide-bar mechanism bar 3 (320) passes through support base C5 (321) through hole, and support base C5 (321) is connected with bottom plate (4).It is described to pass
Lever 1 (314) and slider-crank mechanism bar 1 (316) hinge, slider-crank mechanism bar 1 (316) and slider-crank mechanism cylinder
(318) coordinate, slider-crank mechanism cylinder (318) is connected by support base C6 (319) and bottom plate (4).The drive link 2 (312)
With drive link 1 (314) hinge, drive link 2 (312) and double rocker mechanism bar 1 (311) hinge, double rocker mechanism bar 1 (311) one
End and double rocker mechanism bar 2 (310) hinge, the other end and support base C3 (308) hinge, double rocker mechanism bar 3 (309) one end with
Double rocker mechanism bar 2 (310) hinge, the other end and support base C3 (308) hinge, support base C3 (308) are connected with bottom plate (4).
Motor 2 (301) is connected, whole mechanism kinematic, typical case's application of displaying quadric chain are driven by a motor.
Claims (3)
1. planar linkage mechanism instruction analysis instrument, it is characterised in that:Conversion including lanar four rod mechanism is visited with kinetic characteristic
Study carefully unit, the kinetic characteristic of slider-crank mechanism probes into unit, the typical case of four-bar mechanism applies demonstration unit;
The conversion of the lanar four rod mechanism is probed into unit with kinetic characteristic, and frame (108) is fixed on bottom plate (4), even
Hack lever 1 (102) is connected with hand disk 1 (101), and connecting rod 1 (105) one end is with changing long (104) hinge of traveling nut 1 of bar, separately
One end and one end hinge of side link 2 (107), the other end of the side link 2 (107) is with changing the long traveling nut 2 (109) of bar
Link;
The kinetic characteristic of the slider-crank mechanism is probed into unit, and hand disk 2 (201) is connected with screw mandrel (203), special spiral shell
Female (205) coordinate with the screw mandrel (203), while the special nut (205) and the sliding block 1 coordinated on guide rail 1 (202)
(204) it is connected, crane (206) is connected with the special nut (205), guide rail 2 (207) and the crane (206) upper end
It is connected, sliding block 2 (208) coordinates with the guide rail 2 (207), while the sliding block 2 (208) and connecting rod 2 (210) hinge;
In typical case's application demonstration unit of the four-bar mechanism, motor 2 (301) is connected by shaft coupling (303) and short axle (304),
The short axle (304) is connected with bevel gear to (306), and drive link 1 (314) is consolidated with the bevel gear to the output gear of (306)
Even, the drive link 1 (314) passes through the groove of guide-bar mechanism bar 1 (315), the guide-bar mechanism bar 1 (315) and guide-bar mechanism bar 2
(317) hinge, slider-crank mechanism bar 1 (316) coordinates with slider-crank mechanism cylinder (318), and drive link 2 (312) shakes with double
Linkage bar 1 (311) hinge, double rocker mechanism bar 1 (311) and double rocker mechanism bar 2 (310) hinge.
2. the planar linkage mechanism instruction analysis instrument according to claims 1, it is characterised in that:Lanar four rod mechanism
Conversion is probed into unit with kinetic characteristic, and the length change scope of the frame (108) is 40-150mm, the side link 1
(102) excursion is 30-100mm.
3. planar linkage mechanism instruction analysis instrument according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Typical case's application of four-bar mechanism
Demonstration unit, the drive link 2 (312), the guide-bar mechanism bar 1 (315) and the slider-crank mechanism bar 1 (316) are common
It is connected on the drive link 1 (314).
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CN104464494B true CN104464494B (en) | 2017-10-20 |
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CN105788437A (en) * | 2016-02-16 | 2016-07-20 | 南昌大学 | Horizontal plane mechanism combined type teaching aid |
CN105788436A (en) * | 2016-02-16 | 2016-07-20 | 南昌大学 | Horizontal plane linkage combined type teaching aid |
CN105788435A (en) * | 2016-02-16 | 2016-07-20 | 南昌大学 | Horizontal crank guide rod slide block mechanism combined type teaching aid |
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CN108062905B (en) * | 2018-01-28 | 2023-12-15 | 北京工业大学 | Comprehensive demonstration teaching aid for mechanism |
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CN110379286B (en) * | 2019-07-22 | 2021-03-16 | 焦作师范高等专科学校 | Mechanism motion model suitable for teaching |
CN110355411B (en) * | 2019-07-31 | 2024-05-31 | 张家港玉成精机股份有限公司 | Slotting machine |
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US8622749B2 (en) * | 2010-08-24 | 2014-01-07 | Zike, Llc | Four bar drive link system simulator |
CN102359875B (en) * | 2011-09-22 | 2013-08-14 | 西北工业大学 | Multifunctional link dynamic experiment platform |
CN203882529U (en) * | 2014-04-16 | 2014-10-15 | 吉林大学 | Four-bar linkage mechanism teaching demonstration prop |
CN104240581B (en) * | 2014-05-08 | 2016-08-17 | 韶关学院 | A kind of linkage teaching mode |
CN203910156U (en) * | 2014-05-22 | 2014-10-29 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Teaching aid of cam and rod mechanisms |
CN204029259U (en) * | 2014-06-25 | 2014-12-17 | 王玉勤 | A kind of multi-functional mechanical principle demonstration case |
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