CN104458553B - Test device and method for studying erosion damage under pipe bag dam joint breakage condition - Google Patents
Test device and method for studying erosion damage under pipe bag dam joint breakage condition Download PDFInfo
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- CN104458553B CN104458553B CN201410766576.9A CN201410766576A CN104458553B CN 104458553 B CN104458553 B CN 104458553B CN 201410766576 A CN201410766576 A CN 201410766576A CN 104458553 B CN104458553 B CN 104458553B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a test device and a test method for studying erosion damage under the condition that joints between bags of a pipe bag dam are broken. Water flow states such as stable unidirectional water flow, reciprocating water flow and wavy water flow are provided for a pipeline sandbox system through a water flow control system, the hydraulic boundary condition of a pipeline side wall breakage is simulated, and water flow related information and sand particle related information in a test process are acquired by an information acquisition system, so that the simulation of the erosion damage process generated under the conditions that the joint pipelines of the pipe bag dam are broken under the action of different water flows is completed. According to the test device and method provided by the invention, the rule of erosion damage under the condition that joints of the pipe bag dam are broken is revealed from the macroscopic aspect, the dynamic change characteristics of a sand body structure can be observed from the mesoscopic point of view, and an erosion damage mechanism under the condition that the joint pipelines of the pipe bag dam are broken is revealed and a distinguishing criterion and method of erosion damage are summarized by establishing a relation between water flow and macroscopic and mesoscopic variables of particles and phenomena so as to seek damage control measures.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to there is assay device and the test method of erosion damage under the conditions of a kind of pipe bag dam joint failure, should
There is erosion damage in order to tide simulation current and wave to filling sand body in pipe bag dam bag by bag seam pipeline in device
Process, belong to hydraulic engineering physical model experiment field.
Background technology
With the protective development to coastal waters, Hekou Area, fill technology in filled geotube dam is in reclaiming coastal land epeirogenetic, river mouth
Store fresh water to keep away in the estuary coast engineering such as salt water storehouse and be increasingly widely applied.Store fresh water the typical form of construction work on reservoir pipe bag dam
It is, first the large geotechnical pipe bag formation cofferdam of filling both sides under water, after cofferdam elevation reaches more than the water surface, in two gussets
In the middle of weir, hydraulic reclamation sand soil forms dash dykes and dams.Than the fill technology in traditional river, extra large embankment, mud-filled bag embankment technology has
Gather materials on the spot, dam body is relatively strong to the adaptability of soft base, low cost, need not in a large number heavy construction equipment, construction technology simply, apply
The advantages of work speed is fast, construction is not subject to general meteorological effect substantially.
Pipe bag dam is layering by multiple sandstone charging pipe bags and forms, and there is elongated seam between pipe bag and pipe bag.Due to state
Outer sand work pipe bag selects high-strength sand work fabric to make mostly, and pipe bag can be made very long, pipe bag less, the pipe bag dam body seam of overlap joint
Scouring stability does not project, so there is no correlational study achievement to deliver so far.And in China, due to more than pipe bag from intensity relatively
Low split yarn braiding geotextile, is limited by the strength of materials, pipe bag length is typically shorter, and highly little, the number of plies is more, so heap
The dam body becoming can form a lot of seam pipelines, the presence of these seams along axis of dam direction, easily causes the stream that dam core bankets
Lose, for this problem, the team of Hohai University Shu Yiming professor has done preliminary study.However, in work progress, by
In reasons such as mechanical damages, easily cause the breakage of seamed pipe trackside wall again, do not protect in the construction time and construction completes to protect
In the case of not in place, differential water pressures, the reciprocal current of tidal phenomena generation and wave that inside and outside pipe bag dam, fluctuation in stage causes
Under the fluctuating flow long term being formed, seamed pipe trackside wall breakage filling silt equally exists the wind being run off by current scour
Danger, brings bigger hidden danger to safety of dam body.At present with regard in unimodal current, reciprocal current and wave action down tube bag dam seam
Wall damaged erosion damage problem in side there is no research.
Content of the invention
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, it is damaged that the present invention provides one kind can characterize pipe bag dam seam side wall accurately and comprehensively
Under the conditions of there is the assay device of erosion damage and test method.
For achieving the above object, there is the examination of erosion damage under the conditions of the breakage of present invention research pipe bag dam seam side wall
Experiment device can adopt the following technical scheme that：
A kind of assay device of research pipe bag dam joint failure erosion damage, including in simulated flow and damaged pipe bag
The flow cavitation result system that the pipeline sandbox system that sand body interacts is connected with input and the outfan of pipeline sandbox system
System, it is laid in information acquisition system inside and outside pipeline sandbox system；Described water flow control system includes two and can remain constant
The water tank of head, tank bracket, water tank hoisting device and wave-producer, for providing stable unimodal current, reciprocal current, ripple
The flow-shapes such as unrestrained current, to simulate different working conditions；Described pipeline sandbox system includes pipeline input, pipeline output
End, seam pipeline, damaged pipe bag wall, pipe bag sandbox, sand material collecting box；Described information acquisition system includes gathering the super of water flow velocity
Acoustic wave flow rate instrument, the water pressure sensor being laid in seam pipeline and high-definition camera, in addition, described water pressure sensor passes through
Data collecting card is connected to terminal.
The assay device of described research pipe bag dam joint failure erosion damage it is characterised in that：Including pipe bag sandbox, manage
The cover plate on bag sandbox top is bolted with pipe bag sandbox；Pipe bag side wall is fixed on pipe bag sand by screw rod and built-in screw
Between case and seam pipeline, deployment tube bag breakage mouth on the wall of pipe bag side；The two ends of seam pipeline are respectively pipeline input and pipe
Road outfan, nearly pipeline output is provided with sand material collecting box, and pipeline input is connected with seam pipeline through plenum chamber, seamed pipe
Road top has steam vent, and side-wall hole connects water pressure sensor；Ultrasonic current metre is connected to outside seam pipeline, water pressure
Sensor and ultrasonic current metre are all connected to computer by data collecting card, and it is attached that high-definition camera is positioned over seam pipeline
Closely.
Under unidirectional stream and reciprocal current operating mode, be connected respectively with above-mentioned pipeline input and pipeline outfan is first
Water tank and the second water tank；First water tank and the second water tank are connected with hand wheel by steel wire rope, and middle wirerope pile warp is fixed
Fixed pulley in cantilever beam end；Cantilever beam is fixed on the mullion being connected with base.
Under wave action operating mode, be connected with above-mentioned pipeline outfan is wave water tank, and wave water tank side has
The wave tank outlet of three differing heights, be may be selected one of them and is connected with pipeline outfan；Wave water tank is built with push wave
Plate, push wave plate passes through connecting rod and link slot is connected with crank；Crank is connected with buncher through shaft coupling.
According to above technical scheme, assay device provided by the present invention, there is following beneficial effect：
1st, the water flow control system used by this device can provide unimodal current, reciprocal current and ripple to pipe bag sandbox system
Unrestrained current are to realize simulating the filling sand body of pipe bag medial wall breakage under different operating modes by producing during bag seam pipeline
Souring；Wave-producer therein can achieve the simulation to the wave current of different elements of wave, and device simple,
Easy to operate, processing cost low it is adaptable to small-sized physical model test.
2nd, the ultrasonic current metre in order to measure flow velocity in this device information acquisition system with for water pressure measure
Water pressure sensor is all connected to terminal by data collecting card, with automatic data collection and collect said apparatus and survey respectively
Fixed data, compared with labor measurement and record, this device not only largely saves human cost, and ensure that data
Record accuracy, avoid from data source header mistake generation, improve the precision of data；To the above-mentioned data collecting
It is analyzed processing, flow rate versus time, pressure time histories can be drawn out, the real-time recording in conjunction with video camera and scale
Sand production rate-time curve that chi is drawn, more can comprehensively describe washing away of bag seam side wall breakage back-up sand
Destructive process.
3rd, the pipeline sandbox system of this device is all made using lucite, its on the basis of reaching intensity requirement also just
Thin sight after intuitively observing flow-shape in seam pipeline, the scour law of sand granule and entering seam pipeline was migrated
Journey；The movement locus that sand granule is thin to be seen are obtained by video camera captured in real-time, in conjunction with through matlab software processes video camera figure
As particle informations such as the porositys that obtains of analysis, three relation curves that can obtain with data analysiss be mutually authenticated comprehensively
The damaged erosion damage process of description outlet pipe bag dam seamed pipe trackside wall.
It is a further object to provide a kind of examination of the assay device of research pipe bag dam joint failure erosion damage
Proved recipe method.
Another object of the present invention is achieved in that the examination of research pipe bag dam joint failure erosion damage as previously mentioned
The test method of experiment device, comprises the steps：A, the lower erosion damage situation step of unimodal current effect are as follows：(1) by pipeline
The input of sandbox system is connected with two water tanks respectively with outfan；(2) uniformly load sand material into pipe bag sandbox, pass through
Two water tanks of water level identical are added water to seam pipeline with pipe bag sandbox, make the slow saturation of sand material；(3) keep a water tank location
Motionless, another water tank location is lifted by runner, and then applies to stablize head difference to pipeline sandbox system, to simulate pipe bag dam
Inside and outside one way stable current, in the presence of hydrostatic head difference, current form Mono direct percolation field in pipeline sandbox system；(4) profit
Hydraulic pressure force data with diverse location sand body in water pressure sensor real-time acquisition system；Using ultrasonic current metre acquisition system
The flow speed data of interior diverse location current, until sand sample reaches steady statue, that is, sand sample is no longer outer moves；(5) pass through high-definition camera
Machine shoots the phenomenon occurring in process of the test, to carry out later stage Treatment Analysis；(6) record sand production rate breaks as pipe bag dam seam
Damage the index of erosion damage, the factor of analyzing influence sand production rate, and analyze the relation between sand production rate and each influence factor, and then
Obtain macroscopical discrimination standard of pipe bag dam joint failure erosion damage；The data such as the water pressure recording, flow velocity are analyzed, point
Do not make the relation curve of they and time, the image of collection during controlled trial, and the data such as comprehensive sand production rate carries out point
Analysis, makes analysis from thin angle of seeing to pipe bag dam joint failure erosion damage mechanism.Erosion damage feelings under B, reciprocal flow action
Condition step is as follows：(1) by the input of pipeline sandbox system and outfan respectively with water flow control system in two water tank phases
Connect；(2) uniformly load sand material into pipe bag sandbox, added with pipe bag sandbox to seam pipeline by two water tanks of water level identical
Water, makes the slow saturation of sand material；(3) control the relative position of two water tanks by runner, and then apply week to pipeline sandbox system
The reciprocal current of phase property, with the reciprocal current of tide simulation large period；(4)-(6) the same A of step.Erosion damage situation under C, wave action
Step is as follows：(1) outfan of pipeline sandbox system is connected with wave-producer, input is closed to maintain constant voltage；(2)
Uniformly load sand material into sandbox, added water to pipeline sandbox system by the wave-producer of outfan and the water tank of input,
Make the slow saturation of sand material under the conditions of keeping the two water level identical, and note the air in discharge line sandbox system；(3) pass through
Buncher sets wave period, controls the rocker amplitude of oscillation to set Wave energy by adjusting connecting rod position, and then starts wave
Ripple made by generator, forms wave flow field in system；(4)-(6) the same A of step.
According to above technical scheme, it is possible to achieve beneficial effect below：
1st, pipe bag dam provided by the present invention seam side wall breakage under the conditions of occur erosion damage test method, by
The diverse location of seam pipeline lays ultrasonic current metre and pressure transducer to feed back water flow velocity and the water of correspondence position respectively
The hydraulic parameters such as pressure, the sand production rate collecting in conjunction with video camera and rule, realize difference by adjusting water flow control system
Flow action operating mode, by under different operating modes data compilation analysis after, can get flow rate versus time, pressure versus time and shake out
The relation curve of amount-time, and then more can comprehensively characterize washing away brokenly of bag seam pipeline side wall breakage back-up sand
Bad process.
2nd, test method provided by the present invention is passed through to be shot using image collecting devices such as high-definition cameras and is entirely washed away
The kinestate of sand granule and distribution of particles in destructive process.It is inputted computer, by specific program, analyze the granule that shakes out
Movement locus and other particle informations, then in conjunction with corresponding flow rate versus time, pressure versus time and sand production rate-time three
Relation curve, just more can truly analyze whole erosion damage process in a computer.
3rd, all data that the present invention measures, all by data collecting card automatic data collection, therefore, it can be accurately received spy
The data that probing head is fed back, it is to avoid the occurrence of precision caused by manual record is relatively low, protects from data source header
Demonstrate,prove the present invention and can truly characterize whole erosion damage process.
Brief description
The following drawings is only intended to, in making schematic illustration and explanation to the present invention, not delimit the scope of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structure front view of pipeline sandbox system of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the structural side view of pipeline sandbox system of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of assay device under the unidirectional stream of the present invention and reciprocal current operating mode；
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of assay device under wave current operating mode of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the flow chart of test method of the present invention.
In figure：1st, pipe bag sandbox, 2, cover plate, 3, seam pipeline, 4, pipe bag side wall, 5, water pressure sensor, 6, pipeline defeated
Enter end, 7, plenum chamber, 8, pipe bag breakage mouth, 9, steam vent, 10, pipeline outfan, 11, sand material collecting box, 12, high-definition camera
Machine, 13, data collecting card, 14, computer, 15, ultrasonic current metre, 16-1, the first water tank, 16-2, the second water tank, 17, fixed
Pulley, 18, cantilever beam, 19, mullion, 20, base, 21-1, first manual runner, 21-2, the second hand wheel, 22, wave water
Case, 23, wave tank outlet, 24, rocker, 25, connecting rod, 26, crank, 27, link slot, 28, shaft coupling, 29, buncher.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings technical scheme is described in detail：
As shown in Figure 1, 2, there is erosion damage failure test device under the conditions of a kind of breakage of pipe bag dam seamed pipe trackside wall,
Including pipe bag sandbox 1, the cover plate 2 on pipe bag sandbox 1 top and pipe bag sandbox 1 are bolted, and in figure bolt is represented by short-term；
Pipe bag side wall 4 is fixed between pipe bag sandbox 1 and seam pipeline 3 by screw rod and built-in screw, deployment tube bag on pipe bag side wall 4
Damaged mouth 8；The two ends of seam pipeline 3 are respectively pipeline input 6 and pipeline outfan 10, are provided with sand at nearly pipeline outfan 10
Material collecting box 11, pipeline input 6 is connected with seam pipeline 3 through plenum chamber 7, and seam pipeline 3 top has steam vent 9, side wall
Perforate connects water pressure sensor 5；Ultrasonic current metre 15 is external in the optional position of seam pipeline 3, water pressure sensor 5 He
Ultrasonic current metre 15 is all connected to computer 14 by data collecting card 13, and it is attached that high-definition camera 12 is positioned over seam pipeline 3
Closely.
As shown in figure 3, cantilever beam 18 of the present invention is fixed on the mullion 19 being connected with base 20, cantilever beam 18 end is arranged
Fixed pulley 17, the steel wire rope being connected with the first water tank 16-1 and the second water tank 16-2 respectively is connected to hand wheel through fixed pulley 17
21-1 and 21-2, the first water tank 16-1 and the second water tank 16-2 pass through rubber water pipe and pipeline input 6 and pipeline output respectively
End 10 connection.
As shown in figure 4, wave water tank 22 of the present invention arranges the wave tank outlet 23 of three differing heights, may be selected wherein
One is connected with pipeline outfan 10, and remaining outlet cover plate blocks；Push wave plate is located inside wave water tank 22, push wave plate 24 1
End connects wave water tank 22 bottom hinged-support 29, and the other end is connected with one end of connecting rod 25, connecting rod 25 other end and crank 26
Connected by link slot 27, crank 26 is connected with buncher 29 through shaft coupling 28；Set by arranging the rotating speed of buncher 29
Determine wave period, wave energy is set by the amplitude of fluctuation adjusting position control push wave plate 24 in link slot 27 for the connecting rod 25
Amount, start speed regulating motor 29, wave flow field can be formed in the seam pipeline 3 being connected with wave water tank 22.
As shown in figure 5, the test method described in the present embodiment, comprise the steps：
A, the lower erosion damage situation step of unimodal current effect are as follows：
(1) by the pipeline input 6 of pipeline sandbox system and pipeline outfan 10 respectively with two water tank 16-1,16-2 phases
Connect；
(2) uniformly load sand material into pipe bag sandbox 1, by water level identical two water tanks 16-1,16-2 to seamed pipe
Road 3 is added water with pipe bag sandbox 1, makes the slow saturation of sand material；
(3) keep the second water tank 16-2 position motionless, the first water tank 16-1 position is lifted by runner, and then to pipeline sand
Case system applies to stablize head difference, and to simulate one way stable current inside and outside pipe bag dam, in the presence of hydrostatic head difference, current are in pipe
Form Mono direct percolation field in the sandbox system of road；
(4) utilize the head data of diverse location sand body in water pressure sensor 5 real-time acquisition system；Using supersonic flow
The flow speed data of diverse location current in fast instrument 15 acquisition system, until sand sample reaches steady statue, that is, sand sample is no longer outer moves；
(5) phenomenon occurring in process of the test is shot by high-definition camera 12, to carry out later stage Treatment Analysis；
(6) record sand production rate as pipe bag dam joint failure erosion damage index, the factor of analyzing influence sand production rate, and
Relation between analysis sand production rate and each influence factor, and then obtain the macroscopic view differentiation mark of pipe bag dam joint failure erosion damage
Accurate；The data such as the water pressure recording, flow velocity are analyzed, make the relation curve of they and time, controlled trial mistake respectively
The image of collection in journey, and the data such as comprehensive sand production rate is analyzed, from thin angle of seeing to pipe bag dam joint failure erosion damage
Mechanism makes analysis.
Under B, reciprocal flow action, erosion damage situation step is as follows：
(1) by the pipeline input 6 of pipeline sandbox system and pipeline outfan 10 respectively with water flow control system in two
Individual water tank 16-1,16-2 are connected；
(2) uniformly load sand material into pipe bag sandbox 1, by water level identical two water tanks 16-1,16-2 to seamed pipe
Road 3 is added water with pipe bag sandbox 1, makes the slow saturation of sand material；
(3) control the relative position of two water tanks 16-1,16-2 by runner, and then apply the cycle to pipeline sandbox system
The reciprocal current of property, with the reciprocal current of tide simulation large period；
(4)-(6) the same A of step.
Under C, wave action, erosion damage situation step is as follows：
(1) the pipeline outfan 10 of pipeline sandbox system is connected with the wave tank outlet 23 of a certain position, closing
Two other outlet, pipeline input 6 is closed to maintain constant voltage；
(2) uniformly load sand material into pipe bag sandbox 1, by wave water tank 22 and the first water tank 16-1 to pipeline sandbox system
System adds water, and makes the slow saturation of sand material, and note by steam vent 9 discharge line sandbox system under the conditions of keeping the two water level identical
Air in system；
(3) wave period is set by buncher 29, shaken by adjusting position control in link slot 27 for the connecting rod 25
The amplitude of fluctuation of plate 24, to set Wave energy, start speed regulating motor 29, forms wave flow field in system；
(4)-(6) the same A of step.
The above, be only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, not the present invention is made with any pro forma restriction, appoints
What any is simply repaiied according to what the technical spirit of the present invention made to above example without departing from technical solution of the present invention content
Change, equivalent variations and modification, all still fall within technical scheme scope.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of assay device of research pipe bag dam joint failure erosion damage it is characterised in that：Including pipe bag sandbox, pipe bag sand
The cover plate of upper box part is bolted with pipe bag sandbox；Pipe bag side wall by screw rod and built-in screw be fixed on pipe bag sandbox with
Between seam pipeline, deployment tube bag breakage mouth on the wall of pipe bag side；The two ends of seam pipeline are respectively pipeline input and pipeline is defeated
Go out end, nearly pipeline output is provided with sand material collecting box, and pipeline input is connected with seam pipeline through plenum chamber, on seam pipeline
Portion has steam vent, and side-wall hole connects water pressure sensor；Ultrasonic current metre is connected to outside seam pipeline, and water pressure senses
Device and ultrasonic current metre are all connected to computer by data collecting card, and high-definition camera is positioned near seam pipeline.
2. according to claim 1 research pipe bag dam joint failure erosion damage assay device it is characterised in that：Unidirectional
Under stream and reciprocal current operating mode, be connected respectively with above-mentioned pipeline input and pipeline outfan is the first water tank and the second water
Case；First water tank and the second water tank are connected with hand wheel by steel wire rope, and middle wirerope pile warp is fixed on cantilever beam end
Fixed pulley；Cantilever beam is fixed on the mullion being connected with base.
3. according to claim 1 research pipe bag dam joint failure erosion damage assay device it is characterised in that：In wave
Under effect operating mode, be connected with above-mentioned pipeline outfan is wave water tank, and wave water tank side has three differing heights
Wave tank outlet, be may be selected one of them and is connected with pipeline outfan；Wave water tank passes through even built with push wave plate, push wave plate
Bar and link slot are connected with crank；Crank is connected with buncher through shaft coupling.
4. study the test method of the assay device of pipe bag dam joint failure erosion damage, its feature according to claim 1
It is, comprise the steps：
A, the lower erosion damage situation step of unimodal current effect are as follows：
(1) input of pipeline sandbox system is connected with two water tanks respectively with outfan；
(2) uniformly load sand material into pipe bag sandbox, added with pipe bag sandbox to seam pipeline by two water tanks of water level identical
Water, makes the slow saturation of sand material；
(3) keep a water tank location motionless, another water tank location is lifted by runner, and then apply to pipeline sandbox system
Stablize head difference, to simulate one way stable current inside and outside pipe bag dam, in the presence of hydrostatic head difference, current are in pipeline sandbox system
Interior formation Mono direct percolation field；
(4) utilize the hydraulic pressure force data of diverse location sand body in water pressure sensor real-time acquisition system；Using ultrasonic flow-velocity
The flow speed data of diverse location current in instrument acquisition system, until sand sample reaches steady statue, that is, sand sample is no longer outer moves；
(5) phenomenon occurring in process of the test is shot by high-definition camera, to carry out later stage Treatment Analysis；
(6) record sand production rate as the index of pipe bag dam joint failure erosion damage, the factor of analyzing influence sand production rate, and analyze
Relation between sand production rate and each influence factor, and then obtain macroscopical discrimination standard of pipe bag dam joint failure erosion damage；Right
The water pressure recording, flow speed data are analyzed, and make the relation curve of they and time respectively, gather during controlled trial
Image, and comprehensive sand production rate is analyzed, and makes analysis from thin angle of seeing to pipe bag dam joint failure erosion damage mechanism；
Under B, reciprocal flow action, erosion damage situation step is as follows：
(1) input of pipeline sandbox system is connected with two water tanks in water flow control system respectively with outfan；
(2) uniformly load sand material into pipe bag sandbox, added with pipe bag sandbox to seam pipeline by two water tanks of water level identical
Water, makes the slow saturation of sand material；
(3) control the relative position of two water tanks by runner, and then apply periodic reverse current to pipeline sandbox system, with
The reciprocal current of tide simulation large period；
(4)-(6) the same A of step；
Under C, wave action, erosion damage situation step is as follows：
(1) outfan of pipeline sandbox system is connected with wave-producer, input is closed to maintain constant voltage；
(2) uniformly load sand material into sandbox, by the wave-producer of outfan and the water tank of input to pipeline sandbox system
System adds water, and makes the slow saturation of sand material, and note the air in discharge line sandbox system under the conditions of keeping the two water level identical；
(3) wave period is set by buncher, control the rocker amplitude of oscillation to set Wave energy by adjusting connecting rod position, enter
And start wave-producer and make ripple, form wave flow field in system；
(4)-(6) the same A of step.
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| CN201410766576.9A CN104458553B (en) | 2014-12-12 | 2014-12-12 | Test device and method for studying erosion damage under pipe bag dam joint breakage condition |
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| CN107655778B (en) * | 2017-11-17 | 2024-02-02 | 长安大学 | Two-phase rolling and flushing instrument for programmable water-stabilized macadam base |
| CN110241775B (en) * | 2019-05-20 | 2021-02-09 | 河海大学 | Device and method for slope protection embankment damage test under wave load |
| CN112504948B (en) * | 2020-10-17 | 2023-04-11 | 浙江水利水电学院 | Concrete durability detection device under load-ion-biology combined action |
| CN112697673B (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2021-09-17 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Visual test device and method for contact seepage damage of through-embankment pressureless culvert pipe |
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| KR100830312B1 (en) * | 2006-08-30 | 2008-05-16 | 인하대학교 산학협력단 | Apparatus for testing chemical resistance of geotextile |
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| CN103424536A (en) * | 2013-08-01 | 2013-12-04 | 河海大学 | Seepage failure testing device and method for seam pipeline between pipe bags and dam bags |
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