CN104458424B - The real-time precision measurment device that in super large triaxial test, a kind of sample body becomes - Google Patents
The real-time precision measurment device that in super large triaxial test, a kind of sample body becomes Download PDFInfo
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- CN104458424B CN104458424B CN201410578651.9A CN201410578651A CN104458424B CN 104458424 B CN104458424 B CN 104458424B CN 201410578651 A CN201410578651 A CN 201410578651A CN 104458424 B CN104458424 B CN 104458424B
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 3
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferric oxide Chemical compound O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The real-time precision measurment device that in super large triaxial test, a kind of sample body becomes, belongs to Measurement Techniques of Mechanic Engineering field.It is characterized in that this device is made up of servomotor, electric cylinder, gutter, draining bucket, slender glass buret B, right differential pressure pickup, slender glass buret A, left differential pressure pickup, Weight plate etc..Servomotor controls the height of gutter on draining bucket according to the real-time high precision of sample, it is ensured that discharge outlet height is equal with sample middle height.Weight plate plays the effect of the balance weight such as glass tubing gripper shoe, slender glass buret B and slender glass buret A, it is ensured that draining bucket not run-off the straight.Electromagnetic valve control slender glass buret A and slender glass buret B alternately and repeatedly intake/draining achieve super large sample displacement continuous precise measure.The invention have the advantages that: this apparatus structure is dexterous, rationally distributed, certainty of measurement is high, solve displacement continuous print high-acruracy survey problem, there is good promotional value.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Measurement Techniques of Mechanic Engineering field, relate to soil mechanics triaxial test, especially a kind of inspection
During survey super large triaxial test, sample body becomes the device of (displacement).
Background technology
Measuring the intensity of soil and deformation and often use triaxial tester, this instrument application is extensive, can be used for surveying
Amount many kinds of parameters, including shear strength and deformation characteristic, consolidation feature and soil permeability.Its main merit
Energy equipment includes the control of principal stress size, and body becomes (displacement) and the measurement of pore pressure.Super large three axle
Tester completes big confined pressure, weight mainly for super large sample (diameter 1.0 meters, the cylinder sample of high 2.0 meters)
Load test, the intensity of test super large sample and deformation behaviour, large hydropower station earth and rockfill dam material can be completed
Attribute testing works.In process of the test, the acquisition of measurement displacement is crossed in sample body accommodation.Displacement is as according to sample
The 10% of volume is estimated, diameter 1.0 meters, the super large sample displacement of high 2.0 meters are up to 160L.Want
Want that it is extremely difficult for realize real-time continuous accurately measuring the biggest displacement.
At present, the domestic real-time continuous device for accurately measuring not becoming (displacement) for super large sample body.
GDS company of famous foreign ground equipment manufacturer accesses custom-designed flow transducer in discharge pipe line
Realize sample body and become the detection of (displacement).This flow transducer is the patent that GDS company has,
Certainty of measurement is the highest, expensive and the most externally sell, and is commercially difficult to buy.Additionally, for
Super large sample, for ensureing the accuracy of displacement, needs the pressure in the middle part of guarantee sample with atmospheric pressure all the time
Keep equal.Owing to specimen height is typically the highest up to 2.0 2.5 meters, specimen height deformation up to
400-500mm.Therefore, need dynamically to regulate the height of discharge outlet according to the dynamic deformation of sample, it is ensured that draining
The height of mouth is equal with the medium position of sample all the time.Dynamically the height of regulation discharge outlet is also large-scale, super large
The problem that type triaxial tester needs to consider when measuring sample body change according to displacement.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to: the device that a kind of big displacement continuous precise is measured is provided, solve ultra-large type
Triaxial test is accurately measured the problem that sample body becomes according to displacement.
The technical solution used in the present invention is: this device is made up of two subsystems: the highly dynamic tune of discharge outlet
Whole subsystem and displacement Automatic continuous detection subsystem.The highly dynamic adaptation system of discharge outlet is mainly by electricity
The compositions such as dynamic cylinder (servomotor, feed screw nut combine), fixture, draining bucket, gutter, pipeline.Electronic
The output shaft of cylinder drives draining bucket to move up and down, it is ensured that the discharge outlet of gutter is contour with the middle part of sample all the time.
In process of the test, the height change of sample needs accurately to measure, and the change according to this specimen height can be accurate
Control the moving displacement of draining bucket.Displacement Automatic continuous detection subsystem is discharged from draining bucket for detection
The water yield, realizes the accurate detection of displacement by two slender glass burets.Buret is the thinnest, cross section
Long-pending the least, the precision of the displacement so recorded is the highest.Slender glass buret is equipped with high accuracy pressure difference sensing
Device, after static demarcating, the output voltage values according to differential pressure pickup can accurately calculate row in slender glass buret
The size of the water yield.
The highly dynamic adaptation system of discharge outlet is by servomotor 1, electric cylinder cylinder body 2, gutter 3, two-way
Joint 4, draining bucket 5, right slide block 7, right guide rail 8, right rail support plate 10, guide supporting rod 11, be
System support column A12, ring flange 18, Bucket Cover 19, electric cylinder gripper shoe 20, left rail gripper shoe 21,
Left slider 22, left rail 25, system support post B26, system support post C32, system support post D33 etc.
Composition.Displacement Automatic continuous detection subsystem by top hose 6, right flexible pipe 9, slender glass buret B13,
Glass tubing gripper shoe 14, right differential pressure pickup 15, bottom right flexible pipe 16, with the three way cock B17 of electromagnetic valve,
With the three way cock A23 of electromagnetic valve, left flexible pipe 24, slender glass buret A27, left differential pressure pickup 28,
Lower-left flexible pipe 29, with the three way cock C30 of electromagnetic valve, Weight plate 31 grade forms.
Wherein: system support post A12, system support post B26, system support post C32, system support post
D33 is fixed on ground, and supports the fixing highly dynamic adaptation system of discharge outlet.Draining bucket 5 is with electronic
The output shaft of cylinder cylinder body 2 is connected, and servomotor 1 controls draining bucket 5 according to the real-time high precision of sample
The height of upper gutter 3, it is ensured that discharge outlet height is equal with sample middle height.Right rail support plate 10
For fixing right guide rail 8, left rail gripper shoe 21 is used for fixing left rail 25.Right slide block 7 and left slider 22
It is fixed on draining bucket 5.Guide supporting rod 11 is used for fixing right rail support plate 10 and left rail gripper shoe
21.So draining bucket 5 can be fixed between right guide rail 8 and left rail 25, and can freely up and down slide.
Slender glass buret B13 and slender glass buret A27 is fixed on glass tubing gripper shoe 14, Weight plate 31
To the effect of the balance weight such as glass tubing gripper shoe 14, slender glass buret B13 and slender glass buret A27,
Ensure that draining bucket 5 not run-off the straight.It is with electromagnetic valve between top hose 6 and the left flexible pipe of right flexible pipe 9/ 24
Three way cock A23, right flexible pipe 9 is connected with slender glass buret B13, left flexible pipe 24 and slender glass amount
Pipe A27 is connected, and the three way cock A23 with electromagnetic valve realizes and slender glass buret B13, slender glass
Buret A27 turns on switch operating.Right differential pressure pickup 15 is arranged on the lower section of slender glass buret B13,
Left differential pressure pickup 28 is arranged on the lower section of slender glass buret A27.Right differential pressure pickup 15 and left pressure reduction
Sensor 28 is used for measuring the size of displacement in slender glass buret B13 and slender glass buret A27.
Three way cock B17 with electromagnetic valve and the three way cock C30 with electromagnetic valve passes through bottom right flexible pipe 16 and a left side
Bottom hose 29 is connected with slender glass buret B13 and slender glass buret A27, and controls the realization of its break-make
Outwards drain function.
The invention have the advantages that: for realizing displacement continuous print high-acruracy survey, devise discharge outlet
Highly dynamic adaptation system and displacement Automatic continuous detection subsystem.Discharge outlet highly dynamic adjustment subsystem
System can adjust the height of discharge outlet in real time according to the height of sample so that discharge outlet height all the time with sample
Middle part keeps the most equal.Owing to discharge outlet communicates with air, the pressure in the middle part of such sample and atmospheric pressure phase
Deng, it is ensured that the accuracy of sample skeleton effective stress.Displacement Automatic continuous detection subsystem uses two
Slender glass buret, utilizes electromagnetic water valve and computer control realization to automatically switch, completes the high-precision of displacement
Degree continuous automatic measurement.This apparatus structure is dexterous, rationally distributed, certainty of measurement is high, solves displacement even
Continuous high-acruracy survey problem.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that in super large triaxial test, the master of the real-time precision measurment equipments overall structure that a kind of sample body becomes regards
Figure.
In figure: 1 servomotor；2 electric cylinder cylinder bodies；3 gutters；4 two pass joints；5 draining buckets；On 6
Flexible pipe；7 right slide blocks；8 right guide rails；9 right flexible pipes；10 right rail support plate；11 guide supporting rods；12
System support post A；13 slender glass buret B；14 glass tubing gripper shoes；15 right differential pressure pickups；16
Bottom right flexible pipe；17 with the three way cock B of electromagnetic valve；18 ring flanges；19 Bucket Covers；20 electric cylinders support
Plate；21 left rail gripper shoes；22 left sliders；23 with the three way cock A of electromagnetic valve；24 left flexible pipes；
25 left rails；26 system support post B；27 slender glass buret A；28 left differential pressure pickups；29 lower-lefts
Flexible pipe；30 with the three way cock C of electromagnetic valve.
Fig. 2 is the vertical view of the real-time precision measurment equipments overall structure that a kind of sample body becomes in super large triaxial test
Figure.
In figure: 1 servomotor；18 ring flanges；20 electric cylinder gripper shoes.
Fig. 3 is the left view of the real-time precision measurment equipments overall structure that a kind of sample body becomes in super large triaxial test
Figure.
In figure: 1 servomotor；2 electric cylinder cylinder bodies；3 gutters；4 two pass joints；5 draining buckets；On 6
Flexible pipe；14 glass tubing gripper shoes；18 ring flanges；19 Bucket Covers；20 electric cylinder gripper shoes；21 left rails
Gripper shoe；22 left sliders；23 with the three way cock A of electromagnetic valve；24 left flexible pipes；25 left rails；26
System support post B；27 slender glass buret A；29 lower-left flexible pipes；30 with the three way cock C of electromagnetic valve；
31 Weight plates；32 system support post C.
Fig. 4 is that in super large triaxial test, the axle of the real-time precision measurment equipments overall structure that a kind of sample body becomes is surveyed
Figure.
In figure: 1 servomotor；2 electric cylinder cylinder bodies；3 gutters；4 two pass joints；5 draining buckets；On 6
Flexible pipe；10 right rail support plate；11 guide supporting rods；12 system support post A；13 slender glass burets
B；14 glass tubing gripper shoes；15 right differential pressure pickups；16 bottom right flexible pipes；17 with the threeway of electromagnetic valve
Joint B；19 Bucket Covers；20 electric cylinder gripper shoes；22 left sliders；23 with the three way cock of electromagnetic valve
A；24 left flexible pipes；26 system support post B；27 slender glass buret A；28 left differential pressure pickups；29
Lower-left flexible pipe；30 with the three way cock C of electromagnetic valve；31 Weight plates；32 system support post C；33 systems
Support column D.
Detailed description of the invention
The detailed description of the invention of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with technical scheme and accompanying drawing.
As shown in accompanying drawing 1～4, during assembling, part kerosene cleans, and dries rear matching surface oiling, each part
Finished surface should not clean up, deburring burr, applying preventive by dipping paint；Fig. 1 there is discharge outlet height move
State adaptation system and displacement Automatic continuous detection subsystem composition.System support post A12, system support
Post B26, system support post C32, system support post D33 are fixed on ground, and support fixing discharge outlet
Highly dynamic adaptation system.Right rail support plate 10 fixes right guide rail 8, the fixing left side of left rail gripper shoe 21
Guide rail 25.Right slide block 7 and left slider 22 are fixed on draining bucket 5.Guide supporting rod 11 is used for fixing the right side
Rail support plate 10 and left rail gripper shoe 21.Draining bucket 5 is fixed between right guide rail 8 and left rail 25,
And can freely up and down slide.Draining bucket 5 is connected with the output shaft of electric cylinder cylinder body 2.Process of the test is moved
The change of state detection specimen height, servomotor 1 controls on draining bucket 5 according to the real-time high precision of sample
The height of gutter 3, it is ensured that discharge outlet height is equal with sample middle height so that the pressure in the middle part of sample
Power is equal with atmospheric pressure, such accuracy of sample draining.Ensure that draining is accurate, next utilizes draining
Amount Automatic continuous detection subsystem completes the automatic detection of displacement.
Slender glass buret B13 and slender glass buret A27 is fixed on glass tubing gripper shoe 14, Weight plate
31 play the balance weight such as glass tubing gripper shoe 14, slender glass buret B13 and slender glass buret A27
Effect, it is ensured that draining bucket 5 not run-off the straight.The electromagnetic valve in three way cock A23 with electromagnetic valve
Control the draining through top hose 6 and right flexible pipe 9 or left flexible pipe 24 break-make.When connecting with the three of electromagnetic valve
When electromagnetic valve in head A23 obtains electric, top hose 6 and right flexible pipe 9, slender glass buret B13 conducting, row
Water enters slender glass buret B13 and flows into slender glass amount by being arranged on lower section right differential pressure pickup 15 detection
The volume of the draining of pipe B13.When the draining of slender glass buret B13 is close to its range 90%, allow with
Electromagnetic valve power-off in the three way cock A23 of electromagnetic valve.At this moment draining is through left flexible pipe 24 and slender glass amount
Pipe A27 turns on, and draining flows to slender glass buret A27.Allow the three way cock B17 with electromagnetic valve simultaneously
In solenoid valves, slender glass buret B13 realizes outside draining, and draining terminates relief with electromagnetic valve
Three way cock B17 in electromagnetic valve power-off, wait measure next time.Equally, as slender glass buret A27
Draining close to its range 90% time, allow the solenoid valves in the three way cock A23 with electromagnetic valve.This
Time draining turn on slender glass buret B13 through right flexible pipe 9, draining flows to slender glass buret B13.
Allow simultaneously the solenoid valves in the three way cock C30 with electromagnetic valve, slender glass buret A27 realize to
Outer draining, draining terminates the electromagnetic valve power-off in the relief three way cock C30 with electromagnetic valve, waits next
Secondary measurement.So, so control slender glass buret A27 and slender glass buret B13 alternately and repeatedly to intake
/ draining achieves the continuous precise of super large sample displacement and measures.
Servomotor 1 in electric cylinder uses high precision position to control formula servomotor, and umber of pulse is 10000
Individual/circle.The pitch of leading screw uses 5mm, has higher movement velocity and position control accuracy, it is possible to meet
Measurement requirement.Right differential pressure pickup 15 nurses one's health into 0-5V/10V's with the sensing element of left differential pressure pickup 28
Signal voltage, is received by data acquisition unit through 16 A/D conversions, and then data acquisition unit is result transmission
To computer, computer judge slender glass buret B13 and slender glass buret A27 90% time
Node, controls slender glass buret A27 and slender glass buret B13 and alternately and repeatedly intakes/draining.According to examination
Umber of pulse needed for sample high computational servomotor 1, accurately controls the height of gutter 3 on draining bucket 5,
Ensure that discharge outlet height is equal with sample middle height.
Additionally, Weight plate 31 plays balance glass tubing gripper shoe 14, slender glass buret B13 and elongated glass
The effect of the weight such as glass buret A27, it is ensured that draining bucket 5 not run-off the straight.This measurement apparatus structure is dexterous,
Easy to operate, low cost of manufacture, there is higher using value.
Claims (2)
1. the real-time precision measurment device that in super large triaxial test, a kind of sample body becomes, including servomotor (1), electricity
Dynamic cylinder cylinder body (2), gutter (3), two pass joints (4), draining bucket (5), top hose (6), right cunning
Block (7), right guide rail (8), right flexible pipe (9), right rail support plate (10), guide supporting rod (11),
System support post A (12), slender glass buret B (13), glass tubing gripper shoe (14), right pressure difference sensing
Device (15), bottom right flexible pipe (16), with the three way cock B (17) of electromagnetic valve, ring flange (18), bucket
Lid (19), electric cylinder gripper shoe (20), left rail gripper shoe (21), left slider (22), with electricity
The three way cock A (23) of magnet valve, left flexible pipe (24), left rail (25), system support post B (26), carefully
Long buret A (27), left differential pressure pickup (28), lower-left flexible pipe (29), with the threeway of electromagnetic valve
Joint C (30), Weight plate (31), system support post C (32), system support post D (33)；Its feature
It is: system support post A (12), system support post B (26), system support post C (32), system support
Post D (33) is fixed on ground, and supports the fixing highly dynamic adaptation system of discharge outlet；Draining bucket (5)
Being connected with the output shaft of electric cylinder cylinder body (2), servomotor (1) is according to the real-time high precision of sample
Control the height of the upper gutter (3) of draining bucket (5), it is ensured that discharge outlet height is equal with sample middle height；
Right rail support plate (10) is used for fixing right guide rail (8), and left rail gripper shoe (21) is used for fixing a left side and leads
Rail (25), right slide block (7) and left slider (22) are fixed on draining bucket (5), guide supporting rod (11)
Being used for fixing right rail support plate (10) and left rail gripper shoe (21), draining bucket (5) is fixed on the right side leads
Between rail (8) and left rail (25), and can freely up and down slide；Slender glass buret B (13) and thin
Long buret A (27) is fixed on glass tubing gripper shoe (14), and Weight plate (31) plays balance glass tubing
Gripper shoe (14), slender glass buret B (13) and the effect of slender glass buret A (27) weight, protect
Card draining bucket (5) not run-off the straight；Between top hose (6) and right flexible pipe (9) and left flexible pipe (24) it is
With the three way cock A (23) of electromagnetic valve, right flexible pipe (9) is connected with slender glass buret B (13), left
Flexible pipe (24) is connected with slender glass buret A (27), and the three way cock A (23) with electromagnetic valve realizes
With slender glass buret B (13), slender glass buret A (27) conducting switch operating；Right differential pressure pickup
(15) being arranged on the lower section of slender glass buret B (13), left differential pressure pickup (28) is arranged on elongated
The lower section of buret A (27), right differential pressure pickup (15) and left differential pressure pickup (28) are used for measuring
The size of displacement in slender glass buret B (13) and slender glass buret A (27), with electromagnetic valve
Three way cock B (17) and the three way cock C (30) with electromagnetic valve passes through bottom right flexible pipe (16) and lower-left
Flexible pipe (29) is connected with slender glass buret B (13) and slender glass buret A (27), and it is logical to control it
Break and realize outside drain function.
2. the method for the real-time precision measurment that a kind of sample body becomes in super large triaxial test, it is characterised in that: the method
When being to obtain electric by the electromagnetic valve in the three way cock A (23) with electromagnetic valve, top hose (6) is soft with the right side
The conducting of pipe (9), slender glass buret B (13), is drained into slender glass buret B (13)；By peace
It is contained in the volume that the right differential pressure pickup in lower section (15) detection flows into the draining of slender glass buret B (13)；
When the draining of slender glass buret B (13) is close to its range 90%, allow the three way cock A (23) with electromagnetic valve
In electromagnetic valve power-off；Draining turns on slender glass buret A (27) through left flexible pipe (24), blowdown stream
To slender glass buret A (27), allow the solenoid valves in the three way cock B (17) with electromagnetic valve,
Slender glass buret B (13) realizes outside draining, and draining terminates the relief three way cock B with electromagnetic valve
(17) the electromagnetic valve power-off in, waits and measuring next time；The draining of slender glass buret A (27) is close to it
During range 90%, allowing the solenoid valves in the three way cock A (23) with electromagnetic valve, draining is through right soft
Pipe (9) turns on slender glass buret B (13), and draining flows to slender glass buret B (13)；Allow band
Having the solenoid valves in the three way cock C (30) of electromagnetic valve, slender glass buret A (27) outwards realizes
Draining, draining terminates the electromagnetic valve power-off in the relief three way cock C (30) with electromagnetic valve, waits next
Secondary measurement；Control slender glass buret A (27) and slender glass buret B (13) is alternately and repeatedly intake/arranged
Water achieves the continuous precise of super large sample displacement and measures.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410578651.9A CN104458424B (en) | 2014-10-24 | 2014-10-24 | The real-time precision measurment device that in super large triaxial test, a kind of sample body becomes |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410578651.9A CN104458424B (en) | 2014-10-24 | 2014-10-24 | The real-time precision measurment device that in super large triaxial test, a kind of sample body becomes |
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| CN104458424B true CN104458424B (en) | 2016-11-30 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105180870B (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2017-11-10 | 大连理工大学 | Hydrostatic drive formula great-scale displacement Bidirectional detecting device |
| CN105181931B (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2017-05-03 | 大连理工大学 | Continuous measurement equipment for displacement/water absorption capacity of test sample in super-large triaxial test |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1420230A2 (en) * | 2002-11-12 | 2004-05-19 | Ulrich Kothe | Volume meter for a distillery plant |
| CN202149798U (en) * | 2011-07-08 | 2012-02-22 | 杭州斯曼特建材科技有限公司 | Flow measurement device |
| CN203069461U (en) * | 2013-01-14 | 2013-07-17 | 桂林理工大学 | Triaxial soil test device under water and soil chemical action |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP5754286B2 (en) * | 2011-08-03 | 2015-07-29 | シンフォニアテクノロジー株式会社 | Volume measuring device |
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2014
- 2014-10-24 CN CN201410578651.9A patent/CN104458424B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1420230A2 (en) * | 2002-11-12 | 2004-05-19 | Ulrich Kothe | Volume meter for a distillery plant |
| CN202149798U (en) * | 2011-07-08 | 2012-02-22 | 杭州斯曼特建材科技有限公司 | Flow measurement device |
| CN203069461U (en) * | 2013-01-14 | 2013-07-17 | 桂林理工大学 | Triaxial soil test device under water and soil chemical action |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
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| 一台多用途的体变测量及控制系统;刘湘宁等;《大坝观测与土工测试》;20010620;第25卷(第3期);全文 * |
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