CN104457991B - By the device of the meticulous spectrum line of THz wave detected gas Rydberg state - Google Patents
By the device of the meticulous spectrum line of THz wave detected gas Rydberg state Download PDFInfo
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- CN104457991B CN104457991B CN201410750016.4A CN201410750016A CN104457991B CN 104457991 B CN104457991 B CN 104457991B CN 201410750016 A CN201410750016 A CN 201410750016A CN 104457991 B CN104457991 B CN 104457991B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of method by the meticulous spectrum line of THz wave detected gas Rydberg state, from the ultra-short pulse laser of LASER Light Source output through monochromatic beam splitting chip, a part enters THz wave launching system, radiate out THz wave convergence and enter closed chamber, focus on closed chamber inside, another part ultra-short pulse laser, through entering closed chamber through path adjustable optical successively, focuses at THz wave focal plane place; By vacuum pump by after closed chamber vacuum state, then injecting detected gas by flue, the ultra-short pulse laser ionization that detected gas is focused forms sheet plasma, and this schistose surface is vertical with THz wave incident direction; THz wave and sheet plasma interact in closed chamber, the absorption peak that the detection of Terahertz wave spectrum detection system interacts and produces, infers in detected gas Rydberg state Yuan Zi molecule the energy state residing for electronics from the absorption peak Terahertz wave spectrum. Resolving power height, device is simple, it is easy to operation, applied range.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to energy state detection device residing for a kind of electronics, in particular to the device of a kind of meticulous spectrum line of Rydberg state by THz wave detected gas Yuan Zi molecule.
Background technology
Rydberg state refer to ground state atom after molecular absorption external energy electronics be excited to a kind of excited state of high level, its valence electron from atomic kernel very away from, coulomb interaction is less, have that radius is big compared to common atom, life-span length, combine can be little feature, be thus in Rydberg state atom molecule be easy to be subject to the impact such as collision of additional electromagnetic field or other atom and molecules and change performance. The research of highly excited level is the new problem of Atomic Physics, Rydberg state atom molecule significant for fundamental research and the application and development of Atomic Physics.
THz wave refers to the hertzian wave (1THz=10 of frequency 0.1-10THz scope (wavelength arrives 3mm scope 0.03)12Hz), in electromagnetic spectrum between microwave and ir radiation. The special electromagnetic spectrum position of THz wave makes it have the advantage of many uniquenesses, such as photon energy is low, in milli electron-volt magnitude, biological tissue can not produce harmful photo-ionization, much material has very strong absorption and dispersion at this wave band, it is possible to for differentiating different substances etc.
Due to Rydberg state atom energy interval between adjacent two energy levels of molecule reduce rapidly with the increase of total quantum number, this make detection Rydberg state atom molecule need high-resolution spectroscopic techniques. The energy of THz wave just drops in the differential scope of these energy, just can be absorbed, it is possible to for the meticulous spectrum line of Rydberg state of probe gas Yuan Zi molecule.
Summary of the invention
The present invention be directed to the problem that energy state residing for the electronics of Rydberg state Yuan Zi molecule is difficult to detection, propose a kind of device by the meticulous spectrum line of THz wave detected gas Rydberg state, it is possible to detect the energy state residing for electronics in the gas of various high purity.
The technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of device by the meticulous spectrum line of THz wave detected gas Rydberg state, comprises LASER Light Source, monochromatic beam splitting chip, THz wave launching system, input Terahertz window sheet, pressure monitoring device, closed chamber, vacuum pump, output Terahertz window sheet, Terahertz wave spectrum detection system, the first speculum, two-mirror, time delay module, the 3rd speculum, the first post lens, the 2nd post lens, the 4th speculum, laser is anti-reflection window sheet, flue and light refuse container, from the ultra-short pulse laser of LASER Light Source output through monochromatic beam splitting chip, the transmitted light of monochromatic beam splitting chip enters THz wave launching system, the THz wave radiated out enters closed chamber by the input Terahertz window sheet in closed chamber after focusing on, THz wave focus is inner in closed chamber, the reflected light of monochromatic beam splitting chip is successively through first, after two-mirror, pass through time delay module, again by the first post lens and the 2nd post lens after the 3rd speculum, reflect finally by the 4th speculum and enter closed chamber by the anti-reflection window sheet of the laser in closed chamber, focus at THz wave focal plane place, by vacuum pump by after closed chamber vacuum state, then injecting high purity detected gas by flue, the ultra-short pulse laser ionization that detected gas is focused forms sheet plasma, and the surface of this sheet plasma is vertical with THz wave incident direction, THz wave and sheet plasma interact in closed chamber, the ultra-short pulse laser dispersed after focusing on collected by light refuse container, the gas pressure intensity of pressure monitoring device control closed chamber inside, after THz wave and sheet plasma interact, continue forward by with input Terahertz window sheet just to output Terahertz window sheet enter Terahertz wave spectrum detection system, regulate time delay module, when THz wave time domain overlap or slightly lag behind sheet plasma the generation moment time, THz wave can produce to interact with sheet plasma, the Terahertz wave spectrum obtained, compared to also there will be absorption peak without wave spectrum when interacting, infers in detected gas Rydberg state Yuan Zi molecule the energy state residing for electronics from the absorption peak Terahertz wave spectrum.
Increasing by the 2nd beam splitting chip in the middle of described monochromatic beam splitting chip and THz wave launching system, the transmitted light of monochromatic beam splitting chip enters THz wave launching system through the 2nd beam splitting chip; The reflection laser of the 2nd beam splitting chip is as the detection light of Terahertz wave spectrum detection system, successively through the first speculum group, the 2nd time delay module and two-mirror group, overlap with from the THz wave through High Resistivity Si sheet exporting the output of Terahertz window sheet finally by the reflection of High Resistivity Si sheet, and enter Terahertz wave spectrum detection system together.
Described THz wave launching system, Selection utilization non-linear effect produces THz wave; Or Selection utilization optical rectification principle produces THz wave; Or select photoconductive antenna to produce THz wave.
Described Terahertz wave spectrum detection system selects electro optic sampling probe method, or photoconductive antenna probe method, or THzair-breakdown-coherent-detection probe method.
The useful effect of the present invention is: the present invention is by the method for the meticulous spectrum line of THz wave detected gas Rydberg state, and resolving power height, device is simple, it is easy to operation, applied range.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that the present invention is by the meticulous spectrum line apparatus structural representation of THz wave detected gas Rydberg state;
Fig. 2 be the embodiment of the present invention by laser beam by the light spot shape schematic diagram after post lens A and post lens B;
Fig. 3 is the present invention for high pure nitrogen, the conversion schematic diagram between ground state, Rydberg state and ionization state;
Fig. 4 is embodiment of the present invention schematic diagram.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1 by the meticulous spectrum line apparatus structural representation of THz wave detected gas Rydberg state, comprise LASER Light Source 1, monochromatic beam splitting chip 2, THz wave launching system 3, Terahertz window sheet A4, pressure monitoring device 5, closed chamber 6, vacuum pump 7, Terahertz window sheet B8, Terahertz wave spectrum detection system 9, speculum A10, speculum B11, time delay module 12, speculum C13, post lens A14, post lens B15, speculum D16, laser is anti-reflection window sheet 17, flue 18, light refuse container 19. from the ultra-short pulse laser of LASER Light Source 1 output through monochromatic beam splitting chip 2, a part enters THz wave launching system 3, the THz wave radiated out enters closed chamber 6 by the Terahertz window sheet A4 in closed chamber 6 after converging, THz wave focus is inner in closed chamber 6, another part ultra-short pulse laser is after speculum A10 and speculum B11, by time delay module 12, again by post lens A14 and post lens B15 after speculum C13, reflect finally by speculum D16 and enter closed chamber 6 by the anti-reflection window sheet 17 of the laser in closed chamber 6, focus at THz wave focal plane place. by vacuum pump 7 by after closed chamber 6 vacuum state, then injecting certain gas by flue 18, the ultra-short pulse laser ionization that gas is focused forms sheet plasma, and this schistose surface is vertical with THz wave incident direction. THz wave and sheet plasma interact in closed chamber 6. the ultra-short pulse laser of light refuse container 19 for dispersing after collecting focusing, avoids these light to affect the detection of spectrum line in subsequent optical path due to diffuse-reflectance. the gas pressure intensity of closed chamber 6 inside can be controlled so that THz wave and sheet plasma can interact under different pressure conditions, thus regulate the collision frequency between Rydberg state Yuan Zi molecule and Terahertz photon by pressure monitoring device 5. after THz wave and sheet plasma interact, continue forward direction, by Terahertz window sheet A4 just to Terahertz window sheet B8 after enter THz wave spectrum detection system 9. regulate time delay module 12, when THz wave time domain overlap or slightly lag behind sheet plasma the generation moment time, THz wave can produce to interact with sheet plasma, and the Terahertz wave spectrum obtained is compared to also there will be absorption peak without wave spectrum during interaction. this is in the sheet plasma owing to being formed under atmosphere surrounding, gas atom electronics the electronics of molecule may be in ground state, ionization state, Rydberg state and other excited state. the electronic remote being in Rydberg state is from atomic kernel, it is easy to depart from main Yuan Zi molecule with Terahertz photon collision discharges with in the process that THz wave interacts, and then become ion and unbound electron, the electronics being in Rydberg state together can be distributed in different energy level, the electronics of different energy level is different with the energy of absorption during Terahertz photon collision, so can infer in Rydberg state Yuan Zi molecule the energy state residing for electronics from the absorption peak Terahertz wave spectrum. measure the energy state residing for electronics in the plasma body formed after gas is ionized by THz wave, so gas exists always, Terahertz then to be arrived after plasma generation. but there is certain time in its life-span after plasma produces, so a time delay that to be added, ensure the time that Terahertz arrives be after plasma generation but before burying in oblivion.
Described THz wave launching system 3, it is possible to Selection utilization non-linear effect produces THz wave, as gaseous plasma radiates THz wave; Or utilize optical rectification principle to produce THz wave, as lithium niobate crystals radiates THz wave; Or photoconductive antenna produces THz wave, as prepared photoconductive antenna radiation THz wave with the gallium arsenide of high purity.
Described Terahertz wave spectrum detection system 9, it is possible to select electro optic sampling probe method, or photoconductive antenna probe method, or THzair-breakdown-coherent-detection(abbreviation ABCD) probe method.
As shown in Figure 2 by laser beam by the light spot shape schematic diagram after post lens A and post lens B, described post lens A14 and post lens B15, post lens A14 vertical direction focuses on, focal length is long, post lens B15 horizontal direction focuses on, and focal length is short, and post lens A14 and post lens B15 is confocal. Stronger sheet plasma (schistose surface is vertical with THz wave incident direction) can be formed like this in the plane being perpendicular to light incident direction, thus increase Hertzian wave and the area of plasma body interaction.
Described gas can be any one high-purity gas, such as nitrogen.
As shown in Figure 3 for high pure nitrogen, conversion schematic diagram between ground state, Rydberg state and ionization state, it is that the femtosecond laser of 800nm utilizes air plasma to radiate out THz wave and sheet plasma interacts under high pure nitrogen environment below taking centre wavelength, and utilizing electro optic sampling principle detection THz wave to be example, its all band, other terahertz radiation methods and other high-purity gas are consistent with this implementation method.
Implement illustration as shown in Figure 4, it is 800nm that laser apparatus exports center wavelength of light, spectral range 780-820nm, pulse width is 30fs, repetition rate 1KHz, the regulate process of specific implementation detection nitrogen Rydberg state meticulous spectrum line is as follows: from the ultra-short pulse laser of LASER Light Source 1 output through monochromatic beam splitting chip 2(T:R=1:2), the transmitted light of beam splitting chip 2 is again by beam splitting chip 9(1) enter THz wave launching system 3 after (T:R=9:1), successively by the focusing lens 3(1 in THz wave launching system 3) and frequency-doubling crystal BBO3(2) form air plasma, the taper THz wave radiated out is again by two Teflon lens 3(3) and 3(4) after become convergence THz wave enter closed chamber 6 by the Terahertz window sheet A4 in closed chamber 6, THz wave focus is inner in closed chamber 6, the reflection laser of beam splitting chip 2 is after speculum A10 and speculum B11, by time delay module 12, again by post lens A14 and post lens B15 after speculum C13, reflect finally by speculum D16 and enter closed chamber 6 by the anti-reflection window sheet 17 of the laser in closed chamber 6, focus at THz wave focal plane place. by vacuum pump 7 by after closed chamber 6 vacuum state, then injecting high pure nitrogen (purity 99.999%) by flue 18, the ultra-short pulse laser ionization that nitrogen molecule is focused forms sheet plasma, and its schistose surface is vertical with THz wave incident direction. THz wave and sheet plasma interact in closed chamber 6. the ultra-short pulse laser of light refuse container 19 for dispersing after collecting focusing, avoids the diffuse-reflectance two in subsequent optical path of these light to affect the detection of spectrum line. the gas pressure intensity of closed chamber 6 inside can be controlled by pressure monitoring device 5, set a certain pressure values, such as 105Pa.After THz wave and sheet plasma interact, continue forward direction, by Terahertz window sheet A4 just to Terahertz window sheet B8 after enter THz wave spectrum detection system 9. beam splitting chip 9(1) reflection laser as the detection light of Terahertz wave spectrum detection system 9, successively through speculum 9(2), speculum 9(3), time delay module 9(4) and speculum 9(5) and speculum 9(6), finally by High Resistivity Si sheet 9(7) reflection export with Terahertz window sheet B8 through High Resistivity Si sheet 9(7) THz wave coincidence together with enter electro-optic crystal ZnTe9(8), convex lens 9(9), quarter-wave plate 9(10), wollaston prism 9(11) and silicon probe A 9(12) and silicon probe B 9(12) carry out electro optic sampling detection, 9(1) to 9(4) this road is for detecting terahertz signal, compare with there being Terahertz waveform during sheet plasma, the energy state obtained residing for electronics can be analyzed. regulate time delay module 12, when THz wave time domain overlapping or slightly lags behind the plasma generation moment, can produce to interact with sheet plasma, the Terahertz wave spectrum obtained there will be absorption peak compared to without wave spectrum when interacting, so the energy state residing for electronics can be inferred in Rydberg state Yuan Zi molecule from the absorption peak Terahertz wave spectrum, thus realize the object of the meticulous spectrum line of Rydberg state by THz wave detected gas Yuan Zi molecule.
Claims (4)
1. one kind is passed through the device of the meticulous spectrum line of THz wave detected gas Rydberg state, it is characterized in that, comprise LASER Light Source, monochromatic beam splitting chip, THz wave launching system, input Terahertz window sheet, pressure monitoring device, closed chamber, vacuum pump, output Terahertz window sheet, Terahertz wave spectrum detection system, the first speculum, two-mirror, time delay module, the 3rd speculum, the first post lens, the 2nd post lens, the 4th speculum, laser is anti-reflection window sheet, flue and light refuse container, from the ultra-short pulse laser of LASER Light Source output through monochromatic beam splitting chip, the transmitted light of monochromatic beam splitting chip enters THz wave launching system, the THz wave radiated out enters closed chamber by the input Terahertz window sheet in closed chamber after focusing on, THz wave focus is inner in closed chamber, the reflected light of monochromatic beam splitting chip is successively through first, after two-mirror, pass through time delay module, again by the first post lens and the 2nd post lens after the 3rd speculum, reflect finally by the 4th speculum and enter closed chamber by the anti-reflection window sheet of the laser in closed chamber, focus at THz wave focal plane place, by vacuum pump by after closed chamber vacuum state, then injecting high purity detected gas by flue, the ultra-short pulse laser ionization that detected gas is focused forms sheet plasma, and the surface of this sheet plasma is vertical with THz wave incident direction, THz wave and sheet plasma interact in closed chamber, the ultra-short pulse laser dispersed after focusing on collected by light refuse container, the gas pressure intensity of pressure monitoring device control closed chamber inside, after THz wave and sheet plasma interact, continue forward by with input Terahertz window sheet just to output Terahertz window sheet enter Terahertz wave spectrum detection system, regulate time delay module, when THz wave time domain overlap or slightly lag behind sheet plasma the generation moment time, THz wave can produce to interact with sheet plasma, the Terahertz wave spectrum obtained, compared to also there will be absorption peak without wave spectrum when interacting, infers in detected gas Rydberg state Yuan Zi molecule the energy state residing for electronics from the absorption peak Terahertz wave spectrum.
2. according to claim 1 by the device of the meticulous spectrum line of THz wave detected gas Rydberg state, it is characterized in that, increasing by the 2nd beam splitting chip in the middle of described monochromatic beam splitting chip and THz wave launching system, the transmitted light of monochromatic beam splitting chip enters THz wave launching system through the 2nd beam splitting chip; The reflection laser of the 2nd beam splitting chip is as the detection light of Terahertz wave spectrum detection system, successively through the first speculum group, the 2nd time delay module and two-mirror group, overlap with from the THz wave through High Resistivity Si sheet exporting the output of Terahertz window sheet finally by the reflection of High Resistivity Si sheet, and enter Terahertz wave spectrum detection system together.
3. by the device of the meticulous spectrum line of THz wave detected gas Rydberg state according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that, described THz wave launching system, Selection utilization non-linear effect produces THz wave; Or Selection utilization optical rectification principle produces THz wave; Or select photoconductive antenna to produce THz wave.
4. by the device of the meticulous spectrum line of THz wave detected gas Rydberg state according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, described Terahertz wave spectrum detection system selects electro optic sampling probe method, or photoconductive antenna probe method, or THzair-breakdown-coherent-detection probe method.
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| CN104730026A (en) * | 2015-03-30 | 2015-06-24 | 上海理工大学 | Gas detection and identification sorting system based on terahertz waves |
| CN105158199B (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2018-03-13 | 上海理工大学 | A kind of device tested THz wave and response is absorbed under gas with various environment |
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| GB2359716B (en) * | 2000-02-28 | 2002-06-12 | Toshiba Res Europ Ltd | An imaging apparatus and method |
| CN100438237C (en) * | 2006-09-29 | 2008-11-26 | 华东师范大学 | Broad band TH2 light generator |
| US20090074016A1 (en) * | 2006-10-18 | 2009-03-19 | Orval Mamer | Apparatus for Terahertz wave generation from water vapor |
| US7781737B2 (en) * | 2006-12-20 | 2010-08-24 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Apparatus and methods for oil-water-gas analysis using terahertz radiation |
| CN101539017A (en) * | 2008-03-17 | 2009-09-23 | 普拉德研究及开发股份有限公司 | Device and method for analyzing oil-water-gas by using terahertz radiation |
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| CN103644970A (en) * | 2013-12-18 | 2014-03-19 | 河南师范大学 | Rydberg atom terahertz wave detection system |
| CN103840366B (en) * | 2014-03-07 | 2017-01-25 | 上海理工大学 | Method for achieving terahertz wave center frequency continuous adjustability through pulse laser widening |
| CN103872555B (en) * | 2014-03-27 | 2016-04-20 | 天津大学 | Based on the high power THz generator of monolithic lithium columbate crystal |
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