CN104457957A - Fiber bragg grating sensor - Google Patents
Fiber bragg grating sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN104457957A CN104457957A CN201310433777.2A CN201310433777A CN104457957A CN 104457957 A CN104457957 A CN 104457957A CN 201310433777 A CN201310433777 A CN 201310433777A CN 104457957 A CN104457957 A CN 104457957A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fiber bragg grating sensor. The fiber bragg grating sensor comprises a support, an L-shaped arm frame and a fiber bragg grating, wherein the L-shaped arm frame comprises a vertical arm and a transverse arm which are combined together to form an L shape, the L-shaped arm frame is connected to the support in a pivoted mode through a pivoting point on the vertical arm so that the L-shaped arm frame can rotate around the pivoting point relative to the support, an adjustable mass block is arranged on the transverse arm, the position of the adjustable mass block on the transverse arm can be adjusted so that the distance between the adjustable mass block and the vertical arm can be adjusted, and/or the mass of the adjustable mass block can be increased or decreased, optical fiber of the fiber bragg grating is fixed to the support at the first fixing point and fixed to the vertical arm of the L-shaped arm frame at the second fixing point, and the grating structure of the fiber bragg grating is located between the first fixing point and the second fixing point. The sensor is high in frequency response range and has adjustable flexibility.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to and use fiber grating to carry out the technical field measured, relate to a kind of fiber-optic grating sensor particularly.
Background technology
In the current transducer market for measuring vibrations/displacement/speed/acceleration, mainly in order to being main with the sensor of electromagnetic technique.But electromagnetic field can produce undesired signal, may disturb the operation of miscellaneous equipment, especially communication facilities, this makes electromagnetic sensor be not suitable for applying in some important events of such as railway territory.In order to avoid electromagnetic signal is on the impact of user, develops in recent ten years and utilized light to carry out the optical fibre vibration sensor measured and transmit.Owing to have employed optical fiber technology, Fibre Optical Sensor is sensitive, stable and long service life, is therefore subject to welcoming widely in the industry.But because fiber-draw is limited in one's ability, current fiber-optic grating sensor is mainly used in bridge, architectural, be used for measuring subtle change or the microvibration of building.
Such as, Chinese patent application CN101982740A discloses a kind of fiber-optic grating sensor with cantilever beam structure, wherein employs limited post structure in order to reduce high vibration to the damage (as breaking) of fiber grating.But the use of limited post structure limits the measurement range of vibration, this sensor is made to be only applicable to measure less vibration.
Again such as, Chinese patent application CN1587946A describes a kind of sensor being detected microvibration by light reflective power during detection vibration and reflective power during balance.By this sensor, although can avoid any damage of optical fiber from design, this design is also be only applicable to faint vibration.
Again such as, Chinese patent application CN101285847A discloses a kind of fiber-optic grating sensor to Temperature Insensitive, and its employing spring compensates the impact that ambient temperature is drifted about on Bragg grating wavelength.But the frequency range of this fiber-optic grating sensor measuring vibrations is limited, although can be very sensitive, be suitable for the measurement that vibration frequency is very high.
Summary of the invention
Based on the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of novel fiber-optic grating sensor.
According to an aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of fiber-optic grating sensor, it comprises:
Support;
L-type jib, it comprises the vertical arm and transverse arm that are combined together to form L-type, wherein said L-type jib is pivotally connected to described support by the pivoting point in vertical arm, make described L-type jib can around described pivoting point relative to described holder pivots, and wherein said transverse arm is configured with adjustable matter block, the wherein said adjustable position of matter block on described transverse arm is adjustable to change the distance of described adjustable matter block to described vertical arm, and/or the quality of wherein said adjustable matter block can be increased or decreased; And
Fiber grating, the optical fiber of described fiber grating is fixed to described support in the first fixed point and is fixed to the vertical arm of described L-type jib in the second fixed point, and the optical grating construction of wherein said fiber grating is between the first point of fixity and the second point of fixity.
According to one embodiment of present invention, described fiber-optic grating sensor also comprises elastomeric element, one end of described elastomeric element is fixed to described support, the other end combines to apply elastic force to described vertical arm with the vertical arm of described L-type jib, makes described optical grating construction have certain pre-deformation quantity due to described elastic force.
According to one embodiment of present invention, described fiber-optic grating sensor also comprises for regulating the size of described elastic force thus regulating the regulating device of described pre-deformation quantity.
According to one embodiment of present invention, described elastomeric element is arranged in the through hole of described support.
According to one embodiment of present invention, described elastomeric element is spring.
According to one embodiment of present invention, described elastomeric element is spring, and described regulating device is the screw inserted along telescopic spring direction in described spring, wherein changes the size of described elastic force by changing the described screw length inserted in described spring.
According to one embodiment of present invention, described screw has rotatable handgrip, wherein changes described screw insert length in described spring by rotating described handle.
According to one embodiment of present invention, described fiber-optic grating sensor also comprises the shell of each assembly for holding described fiber-optic grating sensor.
According to one embodiment of present invention, described shell is by with rubber seal.
According to one embodiment of present invention, silicone oil is perfused with in described shell.
According to one embodiment of present invention, the optical fiber of described fiber grating is configured to pass from the both sides of described shell.
According to one embodiment of present invention, described adjustable matter block can slide along the length direction of described transverse arm.
According to one embodiment of present invention, described transverse arm has the slide rail of the length direction along described transverse arm, and described adjustable matter block can slide along described slide rail.
One or more at least having the following advantages according to the fiber-optic grating sensor of above-mentioned aspect of the present invention and embodiment: violent vibration can be measured; Hz-KHz is wide; Response intensity and the frequency of sensor can be adjusted according to different vibrations; Have can the fiber grating prestretched amount of flexible, sensitivity.One or more due to what have in above-mentioned advantage, fiber-optic grating sensor according to the present invention is applicable in multiple vibration environment.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 illustrates the structural representation of fiber-optic grating sensor according to an embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 illustrates the structural representation of fiber-optic grating sensor according to another embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 illustrates the structural representation of fiber-optic grating sensor according to still another embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 illustrates the acceleration-wavelength measurement chart of the fiber-optic grating sensor according to an embodiment of the invention recorded on a vibration table, and wherein the scope of acceleration is 50-100m/s
2;
Fig. 5 illustrates the acceleration-wavelength measurement chart of the fiber-optic grating sensor according to an embodiment of the invention recorded on a vibration table, and wherein the scope of acceleration is 50-500m/s
2;
Fig. 6 illustrates the acceleration-wavelength measurement chart of the fiber-optic grating sensor according to an embodiment of the invention recorded on a vibration table after increasing the quality of adjustable matter block, and wherein the scope of acceleration is 50-100m/s
2; And
Fig. 7 illustrates the resonance spectrum scanning curve of the fiber-optic grating sensor according to an embodiment of the invention of the quality corresponding respectively to and do not increase adjustable matter block and the quality both of these case increasing adjustable matter block.
Embodiment
The characteristic of Bragg reflection grating is utilized to carry out measuring vibrations (comprising amplitude, speed, acceleration, frequency) according to the fiber-optic grating sensor of the embodiment of the present invention.The feature of Bragg reflection grating only has the light equal with grating wavelength to pass through grating.When grating is stretched, its reflection wavelength changes.Therefore, by measuring reflected light wavelength, the deformation data of grating can be obtained, i.e. the knots modification of wavelength, thus deriving the vibration acceleration value putting on sensor, obtain the acceleration that vibrates and frequency information (if not the vibration of single time).
Fig. 1 shows the structural representation of fiber-optic grating sensor according to an embodiment of the invention.In this embodiment, fiber-optic grating sensor comprises support (not shown), fiber grating 1 and L-type jib 2.L-type jib 2 comprises the vertical arm 21 and transverse arm 22 that are combined together to form L-type, and wherein L-type jib 2 is pivotally connected to support by the pivoting point 23 in vertical arm 21, makes L-type jib 2 can around pivoting point 23 relative to described holder pivots.The optical fiber of fiber grating 1 is fixed to support at the first point of fixity 11 place, and is fixed to the vertical arm 21 of L-type jib 2 at the second point of fixity 12 place.The optical grating construction of fiber grating 1 is between the first point of fixity 11 and the second point of fixity 12.
Transverse arm 23 is configured with adjustable matter block 24.The adjustable position of matter block 24 on transverse arm 22 is adjustable, to change the distance of adjustable matter block 24 to vertical arm 21.Or, also can increase or reduce the quality of adjustable matter block, with the effect that the position reached with change adjustable matter block 24 is identical.Alternatively, also two kinds of means enforcement can be combined.In one embodiment, adjustable matter block 24 can slide along the length direction of transverse arm 22.Alternatively, transverse arm 22 is configured with the slide rail of the length direction along transverse arm 22, and adjustable matter block 24 can slide along slide rail.
Adjustable matter block 24 on the transverse arm 22 of L-type jib 2 the closer to the far-end (distance namely arriving vertical arm 21 is far away) of transverse arm 22 or its quality heavier, the sensitivity of sensor is higher, more accurate to the measurement of weak vibration.Adjustable matter block 24 on the transverse arm 22 of L-type jib 2 more away from far-end (distance namely arrive vertical arm 21 is nearer) or its quality lighter, the Hz-KHz of sensor is larger, the vibration that applicable measurement is violent.When transverse arm 22 is configured with position changeable and/or the adjustable adjustable matter block 24 of quality, according to the difference of measured vibration, sensitivity and the Hz-KHz of this fiber-optic grating sensor can be adjusted at any time.
Fig. 2 shows the structural representation of fiber-optic grating sensor according to another embodiment of the present invention.Be from the different of the embodiment in Fig. 1, the fiber-optic grating sensor in this embodiment, except comprising the support (not shown) identical with Fig. 1, fiber grating 1 and L-type jib 2, also includes elastomeric element 3.One end of elastomeric element 3 is fixed to support, the other end combines to apply elastic force to vertical arm 21 with the vertical arm 21 of L-type jib 2, the optical grating construction between the first point of fixity 11 and the second point of fixity 12 of fiber grating 1 is stretched owing to being subject to this elastic force, thus there is certain pre-deformation quantity.The difference of the elastic force applied along with elastomeric element 3, the pulling force that optical grating construction bears is also different.Elastic force is larger, and the pulling force that optical grating construction is subject to is larger, and the wavelength variations of the Bragg grating of optical grating construction is larger.This is because the largest deformation amount that Bragg grating can bear is definite value, and pre-deformation quantity is larger, the remaining deformation quantity that can be used to measuring vibrations acceleration is less, also just limits the maximum vibration accekeration that sensor can measure.Therefore, the size of the elastic force applied by adjustable elastic parts 3 pairs of vertical arm 21, the scope of the acceleration/speed/displacement that sensor just can be regulated to measure.
Alternatively, fiber-optic grating sensor can also comprise for regulate the size of described elastic force thus the regulating device 4(regulating pre-deformation quantity as shown in the embodiment of fig. 2).By this regulating device 4, can the elastic force that applies of adjustable elastic parts 3 pairs of vertical arm 21 at any time, also just have adjusted the pre-deformation quantity of optical grating construction, thus the measurement range of sensor can be regulated neatly at any time.
In one embodiment, described elastomeric element 3 is spring, is reached the object of exerting pressure to spring by screw termination to the mode that spring tip extrudes.In the process that screw inwardly screws along screw, the pressure be applied on spring increases gradually, and preferably, screw is micrometer adjusting screw, can control the deep amount of screw so accurately, i.e. the amount of compression of control spring.Alternatively, screw has rotatable handgrip, changes screw insert length in spring by rotating described handle.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, although elastomeric element 3 is described for spring in the above-described embodiments, for screwed screw, regulating device 4 is described, but, other elastomeric element except spring or resilient material and the regulating device corresponded all easily are expected, and be all applicable to the present invention, thus fall within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Fig. 3 shows the structural representation of the fiber-optic grating sensor according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.As shown in Figure 3, fiber-optic grating sensor comprises the part merely illustrating support in fiber grating (comprising optical fiber 101 and optical grating construction 102), support 6(figure, its long 35mm, wide 15mm, high 15mm), L-type jib 2(comprises vertical arm and transverse arm, vertical arm 20mm is long, transverse arm 25mm is long, thickness 5mm, width 10mm, material is 304 stainless steels), the regulating device 4 of elastic force that spring 3, regulating spring 3 pairs of vertical arm apply and shell 5 that above-mentioned each assembly is accommodated in the inner.Support 6 is used for fixing and supports sensor, and is fixed in shell 5 by sensor.Alternatively, support 6 is fixed on the inwall of shell 5 by nut.Fiber grating in Fig. 3 is a high resiliency fiber grating (under maximum tension Bragg grating change 12nm), and optical grating construction 102 is between the first point of fixity 11 and the second point of fixity 12 (about about the 20mm of spacing).Sensor integral sealing, in shell 5, only has the two ends of optical fiber 101 to stretch out from shell both sides.Alternatively, described shell 5 is by with rubber seal.Sensor is fixed on the vibration acceleration/speed/displacement (amplitude) namely tested point can being measured tested point.
Optical fiber 101 one end is welded on fixed support 6, and the other end is welded in the vertical arm of L-type jib 2.The vertical arm of L-type jib 2 is fixed on support by rotating shaft 23, and rotating shaft surface is very smooth, can ensure freely rotating of L-type jib 2.Spring 3 is disposed in a hole in support 6, and its one end is fixed to support 6, and the other end props up the vertical arm of L-type jib 2 through this hole.Pulled optical fiber 101 fixed thereon by the vertical arm of the L-type jib 2 of the elastic force of spring 3 extruding, make optical grating construction 102 produce pre-deformation quantity.The size of pre-deformation quantity is relevant to the size of elastic force.In one embodiment, regulated the pre-deformation quantity of optical grating construction 102 by regulating device 4, make the wavelength variations of fiber grating be about 2nm (can stretch different degree as required).
As shown in Figure 3, the transverse arm of L-type jib 2 is configured with slide rail 25 along its length, adjustable matter block 24 can slide along slide rail 25.Alternatively, or in addition to, the quality size of adjustable matter block 24 also can be conditioned.In the embodiments of figure 3, regulating device 4 is the screw with adjusting handle, screw is configured with the screw thread matched with spring 3.The outside being exposed to shell at least partially of adjusting handle, makes user can regulate in outside.Identical also with Fig. 1 with Fig. 2 on stuctures and properties of each assembly identical with label in Fig. 1 with Fig. 2 in Fig. 3, this is no longer going to repeat them.
Sensor in Fig. 3 adopts the design of spring, is controlled the actual amount of tension of optical grating construction, thus can regulate the scope of measurable vibration acceleration by spring.Meanwhile, spring can reduce the resonance of signal in each vibration survey effectively, thus the life-span of extended fiber.Alternatively, silicone oil can also be poured into reduce resonance in shell 5, the serviceable life of extended fiber.The transverse arm of L-type jib 2 is with slidably track 25, by the quality size of increase and decrease matter block 24 and/or change its position on track 25, the sensitivity of sensor can be changed, thus minimum vibration signal can be measured, but now the Hz-KHz of sensor can reduce, and vice versa.
According to the embodiment of Fig. 3, this sensor has adjustablely flexibly vibration measuring can move acceleration range, sensitivity and Hz-KHz, be applicable to measuring violent vibration and can be applicable to multiple occasion, solve the problem that traditional fiber grating sensor is only suitable for measuring small movements skew and function singleness.
In superincumbent one or more embodiment, although be illustrated for measuring vibrations, but be understandable that, fiber-optic grating sensor according to the present invention is not limited to measuring vibrations, but also may be used for the parameter such as displacement, speed, acceleration measuring general motion.
Fig. 4 illustrates the acceleration-wavelength measurement chart of the fiber-optic grating sensor according to an embodiment of the invention recorded on a vibration table, and wherein the scope of acceleration is 50-100m/s
2.The relation curve that chart in Fig. 4 is is the acceleration recorded during 80Hz and the wavelength variable quantity obtained in shaking table frequency.Through curve (straight line portion), the sensitivity obtaining sensor is 10.1pm/g.Fig. 5 then shows when the frequency of shaking table is 140Hz when acceleration is 50-500m/s
2time wavelength variable quantity and acceleration relation curve.Fig. 5 illustrates that sensor can measure vibration strongly.When by the transverse arm of L-type jib can the quality of modified piece increase and/or its position changed after vertical arm, the vibration frequency of the shaking table acceleration that is 80HZ measured by situation lower sensor and wavelength variable quantity curve as shown in Figure 6.By linear fit, the sensitivity obtaining now sensor is 23pm/g, and this illustrates and increases matter block quality and/or increase the sensitivity that it effectively can increase sensor after the distance of vertical arm.
Another factor of restriction sensor life-time is resonant frequency, and sensor must be avoided being operated near resonant frequency, otherwise can have a strong impact on its life-span or even cause it to damage.Measure on a vibration table when acceleration is 40m/s
2time, the vibration frequency frequency from 240Hz to 700Hz-wavelength variations spectrogram is wherein scanning step with 10Hz.Fig. 7 shows such test curve.In the figure 7, circle point curve and square frame curve represent the resonant frequency measuring curve of sensor under 2 kinds of states respectively, and 2 kinds of states are that matter block quality increases and/or increases (round dot) to the distance of vertical arm and matter block quality does not increase and/or distance to vertical arm does not increase (square frame) respectively.As seen from Figure 7, in measurement in both cases, all have less peak to exist at 380HZ, 550HZ, 610HZ, this is the resonance that shaking table causes.And the 510HZ of square frame curve, the 320HZ of circle point curve are then the resonance peaks of 2 kinds of condition lower sensors.As seen from Figure 7, when matter block quality increases and/or after the distance increase of vertical arm, the sensitivity of sensor uprises, but resonant frequency is low, is applicable to the weak vibration under measurement low frequency; When matter block quality reduces and/or arrive the distance reduction of vertical arm, transducer sensitivity is deteriorated, but resonant frequency becomes large, the sharp pounding under applicable measurement high frequency.
Although describe specific embodiments of the invention by reference to the accompanying drawings above, those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, can carry out various change, amendment and equivalent substitution to the present invention.These change, amendment and equivalent substitution all will fall within spirit and scope that the claim of enclosing limits.
Claims (13)
1. a fiber-optic grating sensor, is characterized in that, comprising:
Support;
L-type jib, it comprises the vertical arm and transverse arm that are combined together to form L-type, wherein said L-type jib is pivotally connected to described support by the pivoting point in vertical arm, make described L-type jib can around described pivoting point relative to described holder pivots, and wherein said transverse arm is configured with adjustable matter block, the wherein said adjustable position of matter block on described transverse arm is adjustable to change the distance of described adjustable matter block to described vertical arm, and/or the quality of wherein said adjustable matter block can be increased or decreased; And
Fiber grating, the optical fiber of described fiber grating is fixed to described support in the first fixed point and is fixed to the vertical arm of described L-type jib in the second fixed point, and the optical grating construction of wherein said fiber grating is between the first point of fixity and the second point of fixity.
2. fiber-optic grating sensor according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, also comprise elastomeric element, one end of described elastomeric element is fixed to described support, the other end combines to apply elastic force to described vertical arm with the vertical arm of described L-type jib, makes described optical grating construction have certain pre-deformation quantity due to described elastic force.
3. fiber-optic grating sensor according to claim 2, is characterized in that, also comprises for regulating the size of described elastic force thus regulating the regulating device of described pre-deformation quantity.
4. fiber-optic grating sensor according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described elastomeric element is arranged in the through hole of described support.
5. the fiber-optic grating sensor according to any one of claim 2-4, is characterized in that, described elastomeric element is spring.
6. fiber-optic grating sensor according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, described elastomeric element is spring, and described regulating device is the screw inserted along telescopic spring direction in described spring, wherein changes the size of described elastic force by changing the described screw length inserted in described spring.
7. fiber-optic grating sensor according to claim 6, is characterized in that, described screw has rotatable handgrip, wherein changes described screw insert length in described spring by rotating described handle.
8. the fiber-optic grating sensor according to any one of claim 1-4, is characterized in that, also comprises the shell of each assembly for holding described fiber-optic grating sensor.
9. fiber-optic grating sensor according to claim 8, is characterized in that, described shell is by with rubber seal.
10. fiber-optic grating sensor according to claim 8, is characterized in that, is perfused with silicone oil in described shell.
11. fiber-optic grating sensors according to claim 8, is characterized in that, the optical fiber of described fiber grating is configured to pass from the both sides of described shell.
12. fiber-optic grating sensors according to any one of claim 2-4, it is characterized in that, described adjustable matter block can slide along the length direction of described transverse arm.
13. fiber-optic grating sensors according to any one of claim 2-4, it is characterized in that, described transverse arm has the slide rail of the length direction along described transverse arm, and described adjustable matter block can slide along described slide rail.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201310433777.2A CN104457957A (en) | 2013-09-23 | 2013-09-23 | Fiber bragg grating sensor |
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| CN201310433777.2A CN104457957A (en) | 2013-09-23 | 2013-09-23 | Fiber bragg grating sensor |
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| CN104457957A true CN104457957A (en) | 2015-03-25 |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105203202A (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2015-12-30 | 山东省科学院激光研究所 | Fiber grating vibration displacement sensor |
| CN106595840A (en) * | 2016-12-14 | 2017-04-26 | 武汉理工大学 | Fiber grating two-dimensional vibration sensor with adjustable measuring range |
| CN106597013A (en) * | 2017-01-20 | 2017-04-26 | 沈阳建筑大学 | Fiber grating accelerometer with adjustable sensitivity |
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| JP2004012280A (en) * | 2002-06-06 | 2004-01-15 | Tokyo Gas Co Ltd | Optical fiber vibration sensor and vibration measuring method |
| CN101285845A (en) * | 2007-04-11 | 2008-10-15 | 中国科学院半导体研究所 | Cantilever beam type optical fibre grating accelerometer |
| CN101285847A (en) * | 2007-04-11 | 2008-10-15 | 中国科学院半导体研究所 | Temperature insensitive optical fibre grating acceleration sensor |
| CN203551099U (en) * | 2013-09-23 | 2014-04-16 | 同方威视技术股份有限公司 | Optical fiber grating sensor |
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2013
- 2013-09-23 CN CN201310433777.2A patent/CN104457957A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004012280A (en) * | 2002-06-06 | 2004-01-15 | Tokyo Gas Co Ltd | Optical fiber vibration sensor and vibration measuring method |
| CN101285845A (en) * | 2007-04-11 | 2008-10-15 | 中国科学院半导体研究所 | Cantilever beam type optical fibre grating accelerometer |
| CN101285847A (en) * | 2007-04-11 | 2008-10-15 | 中国科学院半导体研究所 | Temperature insensitive optical fibre grating acceleration sensor |
| CN203551099U (en) * | 2013-09-23 | 2014-04-16 | 同方威视技术股份有限公司 | Optical fiber grating sensor |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105203202A (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2015-12-30 | 山东省科学院激光研究所 | Fiber grating vibration displacement sensor |
| CN106595840A (en) * | 2016-12-14 | 2017-04-26 | 武汉理工大学 | Fiber grating two-dimensional vibration sensor with adjustable measuring range |
| CN106595840B (en) * | 2016-12-14 | 2019-04-30 | 武汉理工大学 | The adjustable fiber grating two-dimensional vibrating sensor of range |
| CN106597013A (en) * | 2017-01-20 | 2017-04-26 | 沈阳建筑大学 | Fiber grating accelerometer with adjustable sensitivity |
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