CN104455538A - Ball valve ball with high-wearable sealing surface and production method thereof - Google Patents
Ball valve ball with high-wearable sealing surface and production method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104455538A CN104455538A CN201410755837.7A CN201410755837A CN104455538A CN 104455538 A CN104455538 A CN 104455538A CN 201410755837 A CN201410755837 A CN 201410755837A CN 104455538 A CN104455538 A CN 104455538A
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K5/00—Plug valves; Taps or cocks comprising only cut-off apparatus having at least one of the sealing faces shaped as a more or less complete surface of a solid of revolution, the opening and closing movement being predominantly rotary
- F16K5/08—Details
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F17/00—Multi-step processes for surface treatment of metallic material involving at least one process provided for in class C23 and at least one process covered by subclass C21D or C22F or class C25
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K5/00—Plug valves; Taps or cocks comprising only cut-off apparatus having at least one of the sealing faces shaped as a more or less complete surface of a solid of revolution, the opening and closing movement being predominantly rotary
- F16K5/06—Plug valves; Taps or cocks comprising only cut-off apparatus having at least one of the sealing faces shaped as a more or less complete surface of a solid of revolution, the opening and closing movement being predominantly rotary with plugs having spherical surfaces; Packings therefor
- F16K5/0605—Plug valves; Taps or cocks comprising only cut-off apparatus having at least one of the sealing faces shaped as a more or less complete surface of a solid of revolution, the opening and closing movement being predominantly rotary with plugs having spherical surfaces; Packings therefor with particular plug arrangements, e.g. particular shape or built-in means
Abstract
The invention discloses a ball valve ball with a high-wearable sealing surface and a production method thereof. According to the technical scheme, the ball valve ball is mainly characterized in that a strengthening layer high in hardness, scratch resistance, wear resistance and erosion resistance, having sufficient thickness and in metallurgical connection with a base is made on the surface of a ball body by co-permeation of boron, alum and rare earth, the base under the strengthening layer is subjected to hardness improving thermal treatment and is accordingly high in hardness and capable of reliably supporting the strengthening layer, and the ball body boronized and thermally treated rarely deforms during production of the strengthening layer since corresponding measures are taken. The ball valve ball and the production method have the advantages that the surface of the ball is higher in hardness, scratch resistance, erosion resistance and scour resistance, bonding strength is high, peeling rarely occurs, the base with high hardness helps ensure that the strengthening layer reliably operates, application is available in high temperature conditions, a product structure is simplified, manufacturing cost is lowered, manufacturing is facilitated, and a ball valve has higher application reliability and longer service life.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of valve parts, spherome surface structure being specifically related to a kind of hard seal ball valve and forming method thereof.
Background technique
Ball valve is the class valve applied widely, has that keying speed is fast, a flow resistance and crushing is little, sealing surface can not be subject to the washing away of flowing medium in opening state, sealing surface has the advantages such as self cleaning capacity when closing after valve opening.At some special operation conditions, during as being rich in hard particles in worst hot case and medium, adopt with spherome surface hard chromium plating or chemical nickel plating and often can not meet operating mode usage requirement completely with the conventional ball valve product that the valve seat of engineering plastics processing forms, in the working condition system that this kind of operating conditions is comparatively harsh, generally metal hard-sealing ball valve can be selected.Along with hard seal ball valve design, the improving constantly of manufacture level, metal hard-sealing ball valve has become one of the fastest valve kind of technical development in recent years, the supporting demand of product is more and more, application is also more and more extensive, as in Large Copacity thermal power generation unit, metal hard-sealing ball valve is hydrophobic in main steam, reheated steam, and to empty steam discharge, feedwater, cooling water cut off, blow-off of boiler water, the aspects such as steam superpressure safety relief have to be applied comparatively widely; Except the application in worst hot case, hard seal ball valve product, at high wear working condition, as in deslagging and dedusting, blast furnace ash discharge, coal dust conveying etc., also has more application in industries such as Coal Chemical Industry, polysilicon, organosilicons.In some high wearing and tearing, wash away the extreme operating condition with deep-etching by force, toward contact can choice and operation with have high hardness, high wear resistance, high corrosion resistance structural ceramics to make the ceramic ball valve of spheroid, valve seat and import and export passage.The high hardness requirement of valve sealing face, be for ensureing that valve seal copy body resistance to wears, the needs of antifraying property, also be ensure that sealing surface possesses sufficient opposing in medium and has the wearing and tearing of solid matter to sealing surface of higher hardness, the needs of erosion damage ability, therefore, for being rich in the hard sealed valve of hard particles operating mode in medium, in order to ensure usability and the working life of product, the hardness of its sealing surface should be significantly higher than the hardness of hard particles in medium.
Early stage hard seal ball valve sphere makes ball seal surface with built-up welding or spraying Stillite cemented carbide, due to alloy-layer lower hardness anti-scuffing function can not meet the demands, the technology difficulty of built-up welding or spraying is large, after welding and easily crack in using process, be no longer employed.The spherome surface of existing metal hard-sealing ball valve product all adopts HVAF technique (HVOF) to form tungsten-carbide cermet coating (portioned product selects spraying chromium carbide coating according to the requirement of serviceability temperature) at spherome surface; After tungsten carbide coating grinding, grinding, thickness is 0.2 ~ 0.3mm; Coating hardness≤HV1200, the actual hardness of the tungsten carbide coating of home products is in HV750 ~ 850 (HRC62 ~ 66) left and right.
In actual use, more there is following problem in the hard seal ball valve of sealing surface sprayed wc coating:
Tungsten carbide coating peels off.Disbonding has the reason of the following aspects: 1, due between the tungsten carbide coating of supersonic spray coating and body material for mechanical bond but not metallurgy combination, thus the combination force of coating and matrix can be restricted, and has during larger working stress easily produce spalling phenomenon in local; 2, because the hardness of body material is general lower (when body material adopts high hardness material and forms high hardness surface through hardening, also the combination force of sprayfused coating and matrix can be made to decline), be attached to the compression face boundary that the hard coat on softer matrix is contacting with sealing surface of seat, higher shearing stress and flexural stress can be produced, thus make the tungsten carbide coating of fragility crack at corresponding site and then cause disbonding; 3, the thermal stress spraying the thermal stress that produces and make coating produce at worst hot case due to the difference of the linear expansion coefficient of matrix and coating and because of valve frequently or periodically open and close the contact fatigue stress that coating is produced, coating bearing capacity operationally can be made significantly to decline and cause disbonding; 4, the process before spraying and spraying operation existing problems cause the coating binding force of local or entirety to decline.The select and requirement of HVAF technique to sprayed on material, the surface cleaning to workpiece and pre-processing requirements are higher, need more, the technology difficulty of operating parameter that controls large, be thus easy to cause the quality of coating unstable in spraying operation.
Sealing surface washes away by the hard particles in swiftly flowing medium and weares and teares and make sealing surfaces conditions worsen, makes valve lose sealability, and time serious, local erosion damage seriously also can cause tungsten carbide coating to come off.
Coating hardness is on the low side.Exist in the metal sealing valve of relative sliding at sealing pair, hard seal ball valve is sealing surface andfrictional conditions the most harsh relative valve, and the omnidistance sealing surface of valve opening and closing all can bear higher specific contact pressure (sealing surface of Wedge gate valve then only just bears higher specific contact pressure at closedown latter end); Meanwhile, hard seal ball valve can not rely on additional steering force to increase seal pressure.Therefore, hard seal ball valve need have higher requirement to valve sealing face, and wherein one of of paramount importance requirement is the scrape resistence requirement to sealing surface.Tungsten carbide coating actual hardness HV750 ~ 850 of home products, are often difficult to when harsh operating mode uses the requirement in working life meeting scrape resistence requirement and valve completely.
In recent years, the high hardness had due to stupalith and high abrasion characteristic, ceramic ball valve obtains certain application in the high operating mode of washing away of some high wearing and tearing as a kind of with the special hard seal ball valve of ceramic material Sealing.The part such as spheroid, valve seat of ceramic ball valve adopts zirconium oxide phase transformation toughened ceramic to make; The hardness of toughened zirconia ceramics, in HV1200 (HRA87) left and right, has higher than the resistance to wearing of Tungsten carbite sprayfused coating, scour resistance.Shortcoming existing for ceramic valve is: 1, the tensile toughness of stupalith is poor, fragility is comparatively large, and thus operational safety is not as good as metal sealing valve; 2, ceramic part cannot carry out cutting, and can only reach usage requirement by mould sinter molding by grinding and grinding, technology difficulty is large, and cost of production is high, efficiency is low, and the manufacture cycle is long; 3, ceramic part needs embedded with metal auxiliary part or increase mechanical fixed structure to install ceramic part, make valve mechanism be tending towards complicated, the manufacture cost adding product also reduces the reliability of valve simultaneously; 4, ceramic part can not bear larger thermal shock, and thus ceramic ball valve is difficult to apply at worst hot case.
The surface diffusion boronising of metallic material is modified and reinforced is a kind of tratitional technology had more than 100 years developing histories, for many years along with development and the improvement of boriding process, create multiple boronizing method, comprise the boriding process such as pack boriding, paste boron-doping, salt bath boronising, electrolytic boriding, ion boriding, Microwave Boriding.Different metallic material is adopted to carry out boronising, metal surface can be made to obtain the ultrahigh hardness of HV1400 ~ 2200, far above the hardness of HVAF tungsten carbide coating, be also significantly higher than the hardness of zirconia ceramics, there is splendid scrape resistence, antiwear property; When selecting certain boriding process and body material, alloying layer thickness is maximum can reach 0.40mm, reaches the strengthened layer thickness suitable with supersonic spray coating tungsten carbide coating; Boride layer is formed on the basis of body material, and be metallurgy combination between body material but not as the mechanical bond of supersonic spray coating layer; Part, after operation is oozed in diffusion, can carry out quenching heat treatment to improve hardness and the intensity of matrix in shielding gas atmosphere; Boride layer high-temperature hot is rigid good, below 800 DEG C, all can keep very high hardness; There is good high-temperature oxidation resistance and excellent corrosion stability, after workpiece surface boronising, the corrosion stability suitable with Austenitic Stainless Steel can be reached.In boriding process, create again some new technological methodes in recent years improve the operational characteristic of boronising as RE co-permeating, multicomponent thermochemical treatment etc. and promote penetrated layer property, as reduced Brittleness, improving the wear resistance of infiltration layer further, increasing infiltration rate and alloying layer thickness etc.Boriding process is while greatly promoting metal surface performance, and cost of production is also lower, and the configuration of equipment and operation requirements are not high yet.
Bononizing pretreatment needs to carry out under the high temperature of heating-up temperature 800 ~ 1000 DEG C owing to will reach enough alloying layer thicknesses, the distortion of part can be caused, current machine industry at home and abroad, metal surface diffusion boronising is also mainly applied in the surface peening aspect of tool and mould, then rarely has report in the application of Precision Machinery Elements manufacture view.After Bononizing pretreatment the distortion of part become this technique further in the manufacture of other mechanical parts especially in the topmost restraining factors that the manufacture view of precision parts is applied; The spheroid of metal hard-sealing ball valve is very high because of the requirement of its accuracy of manufacturing especially circularity precision, boronising or multicomponent boriding strengthening to be implemented on its surface, need to solve in manufacturing process and spread the problem on deformation after oozing, reach the high-precision requirement of spheroid, the application that this technology of " touching iron and turn it into gold " just can be made to obtain in the surface peening of hard seal ball valve sphere there is very high use value and obtaining the significant technical advantage of other prior art as supersonic spray coating Tungsten carbite sealing surface and bulk ceramics sealing surface.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome many deficiencys at hard seal ball valve prior art place, the present invention proposes and a kind of there is higher surface hardness, there is stronger scrape resistence resistance to wear and erosion resistibility, adhesive strength is high, be not easy to produce strengthened layer to peel off, matrix has high hardness to ensure surface strengthen layer energy reliably working, residual stress can not be formed after strengthened layer preparation, can use in worst hot case, product structure can be made to be simplified, manufacture cost reduces, be convenient to manufacturing, what valve can be made to have a hard seal ball valve in higher operational safety and longer working life has ball for ball valve of high abrasion sealing surfaces and preparation method thereof.
For the technical problem that will solve, its basic ideas of technological scheme proposed by the invention and flesh and blood are: have selected a kind of in the wear-resistant scour resistance of scrape resistence, more can be better than existing product sealing surfaces stiff dough technological scheme and the surface intensified technique-diffusion boronising (comprise boron-vanadium co-penetration or other comprises the multicomponent thermochemical treatment technology of boronising) of its many defect can be overcome, and the problem on deformation after diffusion is oozed, take not process through flow hole on spheroid and driving groove, workpiece before oozing and carry out High temperature diffusion with the spheroidal state of isotropic complete, real core and ooze, then ooze the rear distortion that substantially can not produce, and the Q-tempering process of shielding gas atmosphere after oozing or fixation rates, quenching and timeliness improve matrix hardness, can solve prior art adopt spraying coating process exist because of low the brought problem of matrix hardness, tempering be on the one hand quenching heat treatment must through a procedure, hardness after quenching in order to adjustment, the internal stress of workpiece can be eliminated on the other hand, avoid producing distortion because of internal stress distribution change after processing through flow hole and driving groove and stress relief, timeliness also has the effect reducing stress concurrently, after spheroid heat treatment or processing through flow hole and driving groove, spheroid still substantially can not produce distortion or only have micro-deformation like this.The grinding that after diffusion blends heat treatment, spherome surface carries out, polishing, its object is improve surface roughness to make it to reach requirement on the one hand, also be on the other hand in order to the diffusion revised before this ooze, the issuable micro-deformation of heat treatment stages, make sphere circularity reach requirement.
Object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of ball for ball valve with high abrasion sealing surfaces, described spheroid is the rotary closing part of hard seal ball valve, form with the metal seat valve being positioned at its both sides and seal couple to realize keying and the sealing of valve, its major technique key is: have one deck to have the strengthened layer of high-wear resistance in the spherical face of described spheroid, the metal boride oozing formation through diffusion is enriched with in described strengthened layer, on the downside of strengthened layer, matrix is the body material through quenching heat treatment or solid solution and aging strengthening model with high hardness, is metallurgy combination between strengthened layer and body material.
The further scheme of one as such scheme, is also distributed with the vanadium carbide particulate oozing formation through diffusion simultaneously in described strengthened layer.
The ball for ball valve with high abrasion sealing surfaces of the present invention, comprises the following steps in its preparation method:
Front process step: the sphere processing carrying out spheroid, spheroid through flow hole and driving groove are not processed;
Step is oozed in diffusion: boronising or the boron-vanadium co-penetration process of carrying out spherome surface;
Matrix heat treatment step: carry out the quenching+tempering process or the solid solution+ageing treatment that are intended to raising matrix hardness;
Aft-loaded airfoil step: the processing carrying out spheroid through flow hole and driving groove;
Grinding and polishing step: carry out the grinding and polishing processing being intended to improve sphere circularity and surface roughness.
As the further scheme of one of spheroid preparation method of the present invention, before the sphere process step of spheroid, also include forging and annealing manufacturing procedure.
As the further scheme of one of spheroid preparation method of the present invention, in the sphere process step of spheroid, also include the processing to the small round corner in through flow hole aperture and spheres intersect position.
As the further scheme of one of spheroid preparation method of the present invention, in the sphere process step of spheroid, also include and slightly processing is ground to processed sphere.
As the further scheme of one of spheroid preparation method of the present invention, ooze in step in diffusion, in penetration enhancer, add rare earth carry out RE co-permeating.
One as spheroid preparation method of the present invention is preferred, in matrix heat treatment step, heats in the neutral salt liquid furnace of workpiece after abundant deoxidation.
One as spheroid preparation method of the present invention is preferred, in matrix heat treatment step, adopts vacuum high pressure gas quenching technique to heat-treat workpiece.
As the further scheme of one of spheroid preparation method of the present invention, ooze in step and matrix heat treatment step in diffusion, workpiece directly proceed to after oozing quenching or the solid solution stage, heat up or be cooled to quenching or solid solubility temperature process.
Compared with prior art, advantage of the present invention and beneficial effect are: spherome surface strengthened layer has higher surface hardness and the strengthened layer thickness of satisfying the demand, and therefore possess stronger scrape resistence, resistance to wear and erosion resistibility; Strengthened layer and matrix are metallurgy combination, and adhesive strength is high, be not easy to produce strengthened layer peels off; Matrix reaches high hardness by heat treatment, to ensure surface strengthen layer energy reliably working; Residual stress can not be formed after strengthened layer preparation, and it is rigid to have good high-temperature hot, can use in worst hot case; Product structure can be made to be simplified, and manufacture cost reduces, and is convenient to manufacturing simultaneously; Valve can be made to have higher operational safety and longer working life.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of hard seal ball valve sphere of the present invention.
In figure, 1, spheroid; 2, sphere; 3, small round corner; 4, through flow hole; 5, driving groove.
Embodiment
Below by embodiment, technological scheme of the present invention is further elaborated.
Embodiment 1
Hard seal ball valve sphere described in the present embodiment, body material adopts 40Cr, sphere diameter φ 47mm, and through flow hole diameter phi 24mm, is shown in Fig. 1.This spheroid forms by boriding process the strengthened layer that one deck is enriched with Fe2B, FeB on sphere, and strengthened layer is that to ooze through High temperature diffusion and formed thus and between body material on the basis of body material be metallurgy combination; Meanwhile, after boronising, quenching heat treatment is carried out to 40Cr matrix, make it have higher matrix hardness.
Preparation process is as follows:
Prepare: 40Cr presses φ 50 × 51mm blanking; The test block of another standby three pieces of same materials, size 20 × 20 × 10mm, carry out boronising and matrix heat treatment with stove, one piece for detecting nitrided layer hardness and thickness and body material heat treatment hardness, another two pieces are carried out scoring test with test with compare infiltration layer wear resistance respectively as dynamic and static test block.In addition, the HVOF sprayed wc sample block part as a comparison of two pieces of same sizes is prepared in advance.
Front processing: Vehicle Processing sphere, through flow hole and driving groove are not processed, and the small round corner of through flow hole aperture and spheres intersect position are also processed; Grinding and slightly grind sphere.Processing roughness Ra≤0.2 μm, rear surface, sphere is beated≤0.015mm.The effect of the small round corner at through flow hole aperture place is that spheroid sealing surface of seat when opening and closing rotation can not be come to harm, therefore small round corner being processed together with sphere, small round corner place forms coherent boride layer together with sphere when boronising, sealing surface of seat just being made to be effectively protected when opening and closing; Because spheroid hardness after boronising is very high, sphere only carries out small amount of finish lappingout, polishing, therefore need to carry out grinding and slightly grind to make the size of sphere, circularity precision, roughness to reach corresponding requirements after spherical turning before boronising.
Boron-RE co-permeating: technological process is: oil removing-washing-pickling-wash-neutralize-wash-dry up-dress extension-salt bath boronising-cooling-cleaning dries up.Penetration enhancer composition: borax, boron carbide, aluminium powder, sodium fluoride, potassium fluoborate, rare earth, permeation promoter.Temperature is oozed in diffusion: 950 DEG C, the time: 8h.The adding of rare earth during boronising, infiltration layer depth of penetration can be increased, improve structure of vanadinizing layer, reduce the fragility of boride layer, improve boride layer hardness, increase and the combination force of matrix and the remarkable wear resistance increasing boride layer.
Matrix quenching+tempering process: adopt high-pressure gas quenching furnace to heat-treat workpiece; Cooled gas: high-purity argon gas, gas is quenched pressure: 10bar.Quenching, tempering process specification: quenching-heating in vacuum 850 DEG C, air cooling; Tempering-heating in vacuum 300 DEG C, air cooling.Carrying out the process of quenching stiffened to matrix after boronising is more common Bononizing pretreatment technological process; After boronising during Quenching Treatment, be no more than 1080 DEG C to avoid boride layer burning and de-boron, to heat in neutral shielding gas atmosphere as long as control heating-up temperature well, the quality of infiltration layer, thickness, hardness and wear resistance just can be made completely unaffected.
High-pressure gas quenching furnace is adopted to carry out the Q-tempering process of spheroid, can automatically control except vacuum high pressure gas quenching technique has the omnidistance and work-piece cools speed of the decarburization of workpiece non-oxidation, any surface finish, heat treatment, except the plurality of advantages such as energy-conservation and with low cost, safety and environmental protection, the outstanding advantage of of vacuum high pressure gas quenching is the heat treatment deformation that significantly can reduce workpiece compared with the heat treatment installation of other type, this point is for the heat treatment process of hard seal ball valve sphere, very favourable beyond doubt.
Aft-loaded airfoil: the processing carrying out spheroid through flow hole and driving groove;
Grinding and polishing: with varigrained synthetic diamond abrasive, sphere is ground and polishing respectively, make sphere circularity and surface roughness reach requirement.
Boride layer hardness and thickness: detect through test block, boride layer hardness HV1400 ~ 1550, thickness 0.28 ~ 0.31mm.Nitrided layer hardness, far above hardness HV750 ~ 850 of domestic current product HVOF sprayed wc coating, is also significantly higher than the hardness HV1200 of toughened zirconia ceramics; The thickness of alloying layer thickness and tungsten carbide coating is substantially suitable.Therefore, ball seal surface strengthen layer of the present invention has significant advantage in resistance to erosion ability.
40Cr matrix hardness: detect through test block, matrix Q-tempering hardness HRC49 ~ 52.
Anti-scuffing function is tested: after tested, and under 80MPa compresses specific pressure, boronising test block starts to occur that the number of times of naked eyes observable scratches is about 850 times, and tungsten carbide coating test block starts to occur that the number of times of naked eyes observable scratches is about 250 times; It is about 51500 times that boronising test block starts to occur that the scratch degree of depth is greater than the dark abrasive number of times of 0.02mm, and it is about 12500 times that tungsten carbide coating test block starts to occur that the scratch degree of depth is greater than the dark abrasive number of times of 0.02mm.Both compare, and the scratch life-span of boronising strengthened layer is more than 4 times of tungsten carbide coating.The beneficial effect that the improvement of wear resistance mainly brings due to the raising of strengthened layer hardness.
Two kinds of heat processing technique means-boron-RE co-permeating involved in above-mentioned preparation process and vacuum high pressure gas quenching are existing mature technology and in development, are conducive to ensureing that the present invention reliably can be implemented and can further developed from now on.
The present embodiment shows, by the above-mentioned spherome surface strengthened layer that suitable diffusion boriding process is formed, compared with the sealing surfaces of prior art, there is higher surface hardness and there is the strengthened layer thickness of satisfying the demand, thus there is stronger scrape resistence, resistance to wear and erosion resistibility; Strengthened layer, because be that thus adhesive strength is high for metallurgy combination with matrix, is not easy to produce strengthened layer spalling phenomenon; Body material by Quenching Treatment reach be significantly higher than material unprocessed time high hardness, effects on surface strengthened layer forms reliable support, the matrix hardness sprayfused coating compression face boundary that makes on the low side that can solve existing for existing product produces too high stress and easily causes the phenomenon that sprayfused coating cracks and peels off, and ensures surface strengthen layer reliably working; The high hardness of strengthened layer and the high reliability of anti-strip can working lifes of significant prolongation valve.In strengthened layer forming process, because through temper, thus substantially there is not residual stress.Compared with ceramic ball valve, except vital part surface hardness and wear resistance is improved, the defect of low toughness high fragility is greatly improved, product manufacturing cycle time efficiency raises the cost reduce except, spheroid driving groove place does not need embedded with metal lining, also make product structure be simplified, be convenient to manufacturing.
As the boronizing technology being mainly used in die surface strengthening process, application in Making mold and in the present invention innovation and application are the enhancement process means of hard seal ball valve sealing surface, require in application and have very large difference in strengthened layer characteristic: the surface strengthen layer of mould needs to be issued to higher reliability and operating life in the operating conditions of bearing thump and larger fatigue stress, strengthened layer is except will having higher hardness and wear resistance, also suitable thickness to be had, blocked up, easily produce pull out type fracture when working, usual requirement is not more than 0.10 ~ 0.15mm, in the majority with 0.04 ~ 0.10mm during practical application.The ball seal surface of hard seal ball valve produces the main cause destroyed when using, the compression face boundary that during valve working, strengthened layer is contacting with sealing surface of seat can produce higher shearing stress and flexural stress, and the surface strengthen layer of fragility can be made when working stress is excessive to crack and then cause disbonding, reduce the working stress of above-mentioned contact compression face boundary, approach has three: the width (reducing specific contact pressure) increasing sealing surface of seat, increase the hardness (reducing the Light deformation that strengthened layer pressurized is downward) of the body material under strengthened layer, increase the thickness (reducing the working stress of strengthened layer boundary) of strengthened layer, increasing sealing surface of seat width is the common way of hard seal ball valve, but sealing surface is too wide, be unfavorable for that valve obtains better sealing, thus also should increase the thickness of strengthened layer and the hardness of matrix simultaneously, valve door sealing surfaces is made to have higher operational safety under harsh operating mode, the present invention selects boronizing technology as the enhancement process means on ball seal surface, except because boride layer has except the advantage of high hardness, high wear resistance, boride layer can carry out increasing matrix hardness heat treatment can reach larger alloying layer thickness (the thickest reach 0.3 ~ 0.4mm) and boronising after taking suitable boriding process and measure after is also in main one, under ensureing that spherome surface has the prerequisite of larger alloying layer thickness, the adhesive strength of infiltration layer, toughness and wear resistance reach corresponding requirements to take suitable mode (as RE co-permeating etc.) to ensure.
Embodiment 2
Described in the present embodiment, the body material of hard seal ball valve sphere is 3Cr2W8V, and sphere diameter is φ 88mm, through flow hole diameter phi 50mm.The present embodiment needs the multi element copermeation technology of the boronising-vanadium-rare earth oozed by High temperature diffusion on this spheroid, forms one deck be enriched with strengthened layer for metallurgy combination between the hard phase such as metal boride and vanadium carbide particulate and body material on spheroid top layer; Diffusion is oozed and is carried out quenching heat treatment to 3Cr2W8V matrix and make it have higher matrix hardness afterwards.
Preparation process is as follows:
Prepare: after 3Cr2W8V blanking, be forged to spherical blank, after forging, carry out annealing in process.Process again through forging after blanking, materials consumption and processing cost can be reduced; Annealing in process is to reduce hardness, improving machinability on the one hand, is also to eliminate tissue defects and residualinternal stress, crystal grain thinning on the other hand, does tissue prepare for follow-up heat treatment.Except workpiece blanking, another test block, size 20 × 20 × 10mm preparing one piece of same material, carries out multicomponent thermochemical treatment and matrix Quenching Treatment with stove, for detecting the heat treatment hardness of nitrided layer hardness, thickness and body material.
Front processing: the small round corner of Vehicle Processing sphere and through flow hole aperture and spheres intersect position, through flow hole and driving groove are not processed; Grinding and slightly grind sphere.Processing roughness Ra≤0.2 μm, rear surface, sphere is beated≤0.015mm.
Boron-vanadium-rare earth salt bath oozes altogether: penetration enhancer composition is: borax, vanadium oxide, boron carbide, aluminium powder, sodium fluoride, potassium fluoborate, rare earth, permeation promoter.Temperature is oozed in diffusion: 950 DEG C, the time: 9h.
Matrix quenching+tempering process: after diffusion is oozed, workpiece directly proceeds to quench stage by the condition of high temperature, is warming up to quenching temperature and carries out Quenching Treatment.Heat treatment adopts salt bath furnace to process, and carries out in the Quench and temper of the workpiece neutral salt bath all after abundant deoxidation.Quenching, tempering process specification: quench-1075 DEG C of oil coolings; Tempering-570 DEG C of double temperings.Osmosis work-piece directly proceeds to quench stage by the condition of high temperature, decreases workpiece by high temperature to low temperature, again by the process of low temperature to high temperature, is more conducive to the distortion controlling workpiece; Being heat-treated in neutral salt liquid furnace by workpiece, is in order to avoid bringing impact to completed boride layer.
Aft-loaded airfoil: the processing completing spheroid through flow hole and driving groove;
Grinding and polishing: spherome surface to be ground and polishing makes sphere circularity and surface roughness reach requirement.
Boron-vanadium nitrided layer hardness and thickness: detect through test block, nitrided layer hardness HV1550 ~ 1800, thickness 0.18 ~ 0.21mm.Nitrided layer hardness is also significantly higher than the hardness HV1200 of toughened zirconia ceramics far above hardness HV750 ~ 850 of domestic current product HVOF sprayed wc coating; The thickness of alloying layer thickness and tungsten carbide coating is comparatively close, and because matrix reaches enough high hardness, can provide effectively support by effects on surface strengthened layer, therefore strengthened layer can ensure to have sufficient reliability in use.
3Cr2W8V matrix hardness: detect through test block, matrix Q-tempering hardness HRC45 ~ 48.
In the present embodiment, spherome surface strengthening have employed boron-vanadium and oozes altogether and add rare earth, boron-vanadium oozes altogether and can play the advantage that boronising is oozed deeply greatly and vanadinizing hardness is high simultaneously, make strengthened layer while the larger alloying layer thickness of maintenance, there is the hardness higher than single boronization and better wear resistance, thus also than the sealing surfaces of prior art, there is stronger scrape resistence, resistance to wear and erosion resistibility.Meanwhile, it is rigid that boron-vanadium co-penetration layer has good high-temperature hot, and valve can be made reliably to use and reach longer working life in worst hot case.
Embodiment 3
Its valve pressure grade of hard seal ball valve described in the present embodiment is 300Lb, the body material of spheroid is 17-4PH, sphere diameter is φ 100mm, through flow hole diameter phi 59mm, needs the multi element copermeation technology carrying out boronising-vanadium-rare earth on this spheroid to form the sealing surfaces strengthened layer with good wear resistance.
Preparation process is as described below:
Prepare: be forged to spherical blank after 17-4PH blanking, after forging, band Wen Jinlu carries out annealing in process.Meanwhile, the test block of another preparation one piece of same material, size 20 × 20 × 10mm carries out multicomponent thermochemical treatment and matrix heat treatment with stove, for detecting the heat treatment hardness of nitrided layer hardness, thickness and body material.
Front processing: the small round corner of Vehicle Processing sphere and through flow hole aperture and spheres intersect position, through flow hole and driving groove are not processed; Grinding and slightly grind sphere.Processing roughness Ra≤0.2 μm, rear surface, sphere is beated≤0.015mm.
Boron-vanadium-rare earth salt bath oozes altogether: penetration enhancer composition is: borax, vanadium oxide, boron carbide, aluminium powder, sodium fluoride, potassium fluoborate, rare earth, permeation promoter.Temperature is oozed in diffusion: 950 DEG C, the time: 9h.
Matrix solid solution+ageing treatment: directly proceed to the solution treatment stage at diffusion osmosis work-piece by the condition of high temperature, be warming up to solid solubility temperature and carry out solution treatment.Heat treatment adopts salt bath furnace to process, and carries out in the process of workpiece and the timeliness neutral salt bath all after abundant deoxidation.Solid solution, aging technique specification: solid solution-1040 DEG C of rapid cooling; Timeliness-480 DEG C of air coolings.
Aft-loaded airfoil: the processing completing spheroid through flow hole and driving groove;
Grinding and polishing: spherome surface to be ground and polishing makes sphere circularity and surface roughness reach requirement.
Boron-vanadium nitrided layer hardness and thickness: detect through test block, nitrided layer hardness HV1500 ~ 1650, thickness 0.16 ~ 0.19mm.The seal pressure of the lower thus sealing surface of the pressure rating due to valve is relatively not high yet, and matrix has higher hardness, can provide effective support by effects on surface strengthened layer, and therefore strengthened layer can ensure to have sufficient reliability in use.
17-4PH matrix hardness: detect through test block, the hardness after matrix solid solution, ageing treatment is HRC39 ~ 42.
In the present embodiment, spherome surface is obtained by boron-vanadium-RE co-permeating has stronger scrape resistence, the surface strengthen layer of antiwear property than the sealing surfaces of prior art; Meanwhile, boride layer has good corrosion resistance, and valve can be made reliably to use and reach longer working life in corrosivity operating mode.
The content that this specification is not described in detail belongs to the known prior art of the professional and technical personnel in relevant art field.
Below done to illustrate to technological scheme of the present invention, but these embodiments and explanation can not be understood to limit scope of the present invention in conjunction with the embodiments.Those skilled in the art should know; the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments; its protection domain defined by appending claims; any in the technological scheme not exceeding the various changes in the scope that claims of the present invention defines, modification is formed; all do not depart from spirit of the present invention and technical spirit, still can belong within right of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. one kind has the ball for ball valve of high abrasion sealing surfaces, described spheroid is the rotary closing part of hard seal ball valve, form with the metal seat valve being positioned at its both sides and seal couple to realize keying and the sealing of valve, it is characterized in that: have one deck to have the strengthened layer of high-wear resistance in the spherical face of described spheroid, the metal boride oozing formation through diffusion is enriched with in described strengthened layer, on the downside of strengthened layer, matrix is the body material through quenching heat treatment or solid solution and aging strengthening model with high hardness, is metallurgy combination between strengthened layer and body material.
2. the ball for ball valve with high abrasion sealing surfaces according to claim 1, is characterized in that: be also distributed with the vanadium carbide particulate oozing formation through diffusion in described strengthened layer simultaneously.
3. there is a preparation method for the ball for ball valve of high abrasion sealing surfaces as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: preparation method is comprising following steps:
Front process step: the sphere processing carrying out spheroid, spheroid through flow hole and driving groove are not processed;
Step is oozed in diffusion: boronising or the boron-vanadium co-penetration process of carrying out spherome surface;
Matrix heat treatment step: carry out the quenching+tempering process or the solid solution+ageing treatment that are intended to raising matrix hardness;
Aft-loaded airfoil step: the processing carrying out spheroid through flow hole and driving groove;
Grinding and polishing step: carry out the grinding and polishing processing being intended to improve sphere circularity and surface roughness.
4. there is the preparation method of the ball for ball valve of high abrasion sealing surfaces as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: before the sphere process step of spheroid, also include forging and annealing manufacturing procedure.
5. there is the preparation method of the ball for ball valve of high abrasion sealing surfaces as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: in the sphere process step of spheroid, also include the processing to the small round corner in through flow hole aperture and spheres intersect position.
6. there is the preparation method of the ball for ball valve of high abrasion sealing surfaces as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: in the sphere process step of spheroid, also include and slightly processing is ground to processed sphere.
7. there is the preparation method of the ball for ball valve of high abrasion sealing surfaces as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: ooze in step in diffusion, in penetration enhancer, add rare earth carry out RE co-permeating.
8. there is the preparation method of the ball for ball valve of high abrasion sealing surfaces as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: in matrix heat treatment step, heat in the neutral salt liquid furnace of workpiece after abundant deoxidation.
9. there is the preparation method of the ball for ball valve of high abrasion sealing surfaces as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: in matrix heat treatment step, adopt vacuum high pressure gas quenching technique to heat-treat workpiece.
10. there is the preparation method of the ball for ball valve of high abrasion sealing surfaces as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: ooze in step and matrix heat treatment step in diffusion, workpiece directly proceed to after oozing quenching or the solid solution stage, heat up or be cooled to quenching or solid solubility temperature process.
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| CN201410755837.7A CN104455538A (en) | 2014-12-08 | 2014-12-08 | Ball valve ball with high-wearable sealing surface and production method thereof |
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| CN201410755837.7A CN104455538A (en) | 2014-12-08 | 2014-12-08 | Ball valve ball with high-wearable sealing surface and production method thereof |
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