CN104451349A - Stainless steel and smelting process thereof - Google Patents
Stainless steel and smelting process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104451349A CN104451349A CN201410768756.0A CN201410768756A CN104451349A CN 104451349 A CN104451349 A CN 104451349A CN 201410768756 A CN201410768756 A CN 201410768756A CN 104451349 A CN104451349 A CN 104451349A
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- ore concentrate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
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Abstract
The invention discloses stainless steel and a smelting process thereof, belonging to the technical field of metallurgical engineering. The process is a novel process which is used for continuously smelting stainless steel by using nickel ore concentrate by virtue of roasting, an RKEF system, an AOD furnace and an LF furnace. The stainless steel is manufactured to slabs by virtue of a continuous casting system and after the nickel ore concentrate is roasted, Fe in the nickel ore concentrate can be used for preparing a coarse nickel alloy in an RKEF furnace. Moreover, the nickel ore concentrate is roasted to prepare nickel oxide ores and tail gas generated is recovered to prepare acids, and the generated roasted ores and recovered dust are added into the RKEF system for preparing the coarse nickel alloy. The process disclosed by the invention achieves direct production from nickel ore concentrate to stainless steel and short in process flow. After the nickel ore concentrate is roasted to remove sulfur, Fe in the nickel ore concentrate is added into the RKEF system in form of iron oxide for preparing the coarse nickel alloy, so that the step is saved, the iron in the nickel ore concentrate is utilized, the cost is lowered, the energy waste is reduced and the resources are fully recovered and utilized, thereby meeting the economic target of energy conservation and emission reduction of the state.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to as metallurgical engineering technical field, be specifically related to a kind of to adopt roasting, RKEF, AOD and LF stove combines and smelt nickel ore concentrate and prepare stainless new process.
Background technology
Minable nickel resources has two classes in the world, and a class is Sulphide Ore, and another kind of is ore deposit.Due to nickel sulfide ore resource quality better, mature technology, the nickel output of existing about 60%-70% derives from nickel sulfide ore.Metallic nickel is 300 is stainless important chemical cost, and nickel content is greater than 8%, and in stainless steel, the main source of nickel is the nickel be present in nickelous sulfide (NiS) form in nickel ore concentrate.Nickel content in nickel sulfide concentrate is about 10%, iron level about 20%, S content about 30%.
At present, the nickel at home and abroad in nickel sulfide ore obtains electrolytic nickel after will passing through concentrate roasting reverberatory furnace (electric furnace or blast furnace), copper smelting nickel sulphur, blowing nickel ore concentrate, electrolysis, and nickel content is greater than 99%.Traditional stainless steel smelting method electrolytic nickel is added AOD refining furnace and other raw materials proportioning by a certain percentage, after the process such as decarburization, dephosphorization, carrying out oxidation and final refining, complete liquid alloy composition and temperature adjustment, finally become stainless steel, the stainless steel slab that the qualified stainless steel after refining adopts continuous casting system to make.
Due to will ore deposit after roasting by more than copper smelting nickel sulphur, blowing nickel ore concentrate, refining to 99% in nickel sulfide ore to the process being produced into electrolytic nickel, be used further to stainless steel smelting, production link is many, facility investment is high, product time of becoming a useful person is long, nickel metal recovery rate is low, and separated having slatterned as slag charge of the ferro element in nickel ore concentrate waits series of problems.
Use nickel ore concentrate to adopt sinter process, make oxidized ore, produce thick nickelalloy by RKEF and controlled by molten iron temperature, molten iron is directly sent into the stainless Technologies of production such as AOD furnace three refining and also do not have been reported, belong to and initiating both at home and abroad.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, prior art prepares that stainless processing step is loaded down with trivial details, intermediate energy waste, the separated waste of ferro element in nickel ore concentrate; The invention discloses a kind of novel process of smelting stainless steel, adopt the roasting of nickel ore concentrate in conjunction with RKEF, AOD furnace triplex process smelting stainless steel, realize nickel ore concentrate and directly arrive stainless production, technical process is short, nickel ore concentrate is after roasting sulphur removal, and Fe wherein adds the preparation for thick nickelalloy in RKEF stove with ferric oxide, saves operation, the iron that make use of in nickel ore concentrate, reduce cost, reduce energy dissipation.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is as follows.
A kind of technique of smelting stainless steel, described technique directly adopts nickel ore concentrate through roasting, RKEF system, AOD furnace, the stainless novel process of LF stove melting continuously, and being made into slab by continuous casting system, nickel ore concentrate Fe wherein after roasting is used for the preparation of thick nickelalloy in RKEF system.
The preferred version of described technique is, generate the oxygen reaction discharged in SO2 and roasting process in described nickel ore concentrate roasting process and generate SO3, it obtains pyrosulfuric acid through the sulfuric acid absorption of 98.3%, and dilution obtains sulfuric acid.
The preferred version of described technique is, the dust of the roasted ore that described nickel ore concentrate roasting produces and recovery adds in RKEF stove for the preparation of thick nickelalloy.
The preferred version of described technique is, need before described nickel ore concentrate roasting to make its particle diameter be below 6mm through sieving approach, maturing temperature is 850-900 DEG C, wind speed with 1.5m/s during roasting is blown into air, and material in stove, produce roasted ore after fluidized bed roasting and dust adds RKEF system for the preparation of thick nickelalloy through the cold pipe of deslagging and dust collecting system recovery.
The preferred version of described technique is that technique comprises following concrete steps:
1) nickel ore concentrate makes its particle diameter be below 6mm through sieving approach, maturing temperature is 850-900 DEG C, wind speed with 1.5m/s during roasting is blown into air, material in stove, produce roasted ore after fluidized bed roasting and dust reclaims through the cold pipe of deslagging and dust collecting system, after same laterite (nickel oxide ore) and other material carry out proportioning, add RKEF system for the preparation of thick nickelalloy.
2) entering thick nickelalloy molten iron temperature needed for stove according to AOD refining furnace, adopting the thick nickelalloy of RKEF technique melting, by controlling slag type;
3) the strict gentle iron temperature of slag controlled when thick nickelalloy is produced;
4) the thick nickelalloy molten iron of ladle splendid attire is adopted;
5) after having gone out thick nickelalloy molten iron, covered with insulation material immediately, controlled well molten iron temperature;
6) thick nickelalloy molten iron is sent into AOD refining furnace carry out refining with driving handling ladle;
7) refining on AOD refining furnace is pressed AOD refining furnace regulations for technical operation and is performed;
8) pour qualified AOD molten steel into ladle, carry out deep deoxidation with traveling crane to LF stove;
9) large Baogang water presses the execution of furnaceman's LF skill working specification;
10) large Baogang water is transported to continuous casting turn around table by traveling crane, the orthogonal base of continuous casting or slab;
11) execution of continuous caster regulations for technical operation is pressed in the making of rectangular bloom or slab;
12) stainless steel is put in storage after making slab.
The optimal technical scheme of described technique is, in step 2) in carry out control to slag type be that Si/Mg mass ratio is controlled between 1.75-1.85.
The optimal technical scheme of described technique is, in step 3) in slag temperature control within the scope of 1550-1570 DEG C; Iron temperature control is within the scope of 1500-1520 DEG C.
The optimal technical scheme of described technique is, in step 5) described in insulation material adopt carbonization rice husk, its Task-size Controlling is within 0 ~ 5mm scope; Humid control is at H
2o≤0.5%.
The optimal technical scheme of described technique is, in step 5) Raw quality proportioning is: the red usage quantity of ferronickel water of sending controls within the scope of 63%-67%, high carbon ferro-chrome add-on controls within the scope of 28%-30%, and the add-on of slag former controls within the scope of 5%-7%.
The invention still further relates to a kind of stainless steel, described stainless steel adopts above-mentioned technique to make.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, adopt the roasting of nickel ore concentrate in conjunction with RKEF, AOD furnace triplex process smelting stainless steel, realize nickel ore concentrate and directly arrive stainless production, technical process is short, nickel ore concentrate is after roasting sulphur removal, and Fe wherein adds the preparation for thick nickelalloy in RKEF stove with ferric oxide, saves operation, the iron that make use of in nickel ore concentrate, reduce cost, reduce energy dissipation.And the tail gas produced in the process of nickel sulfide ore roasting reclaims completely and makes sulfuric acid and be applied to postorder stainless steel hot-rolling annealing and pickling flow process; The dust that nickel ore concentrate roasting produces reclaims and to add in RKEF stove for the preparation of thick nickelalloy, significantly reduces production cost, and adequately achieves recovery and the utilization of resource, meets the economic goal that national energy-saving reduces discharging.
Embodiment
Nickel sulfide concentrate is generated nickel oxide, ferric oxide and sulfurous gas at stoving oven and oxygen by high temperature oxidation, and the oxygen in sulfurous gas and tail gas is made the heat produced in sulfuric acid oxidation reaction and provided heat energy for producing by contact process, waste heat may be used for generating.
Wherein to make nickel oxide reaction formula as follows for nickel sulfide concentrate:
2NiS+3O2=2NiO+2SO2 thermopositive reaction
CuFeS
2+O
2---Fe
2O
3+CuO+SO
2
Cu
2S+O
2---CuO+SO
2
Fe
7S
8+O
2---Fe
2O
3+SO
2
FeS+O
2---Fe
2O
3+SO
2
NiS+O
2---NiO+SO
2
NiS
2+O
2----NiO+SO
2
S2+O
2---SO
2
NiSO
4+NiS---NiO+SO
2
CuSO
4+CuS---CuO+Cu
2O+SO
2
The reaction formula that sulfurous gas is used for Sulphuric acid is as follows:
2SO2+O2=△=2SO3 (this reaction is reversible reaction)
Obtain pyrosulfuric acid with after 98.3% sulfuric acid absorption SO3, then add water wherein, obtain sulfuric acid.
SO3+H2SO4=H2S2O7 (pyrosulfuric acid)
H2S2O7+H2O＝2H2SO4
The reductibility of oxide compound is under equality of temperature, and linear position is in lower element, and easily by the Reduction of Oxide on its top out, namely its oxide compound is more stable, and that is in melting temperature range, the reduction sequence of oxide compound is nickel, iron, silicon.
1) reaction formula of thick nickelalloy production is as follows:
NiO+C＝Ni+CO
FeO+C＝Fe+CO
SiO2+2C＝Si+2CO
2) the principal reaction formula of stainless steel refining is as follows:
Decarburizing reaction mechanism
2C+O2 (gas)=2CO; C+O2 (gas)=CO2; Cr3O4 (Gu)+4C=3Cr+4CO
Desilication reaction mechanism
Si+O2 (gas)=SiO2
Reduction reaction mechanism
Cr3O4 (Gu)+2Si=3Cr+2SiO2
Desulfurization reaction mechanism
FeS+CaO＝CaS+FeO
Specific embodiment
Now so that stainless steel to be produced by 9 square meter fluidizing furnaces, 33000kVA electric furnace, 45tAOD refining furnace, the second-rate small plate blank continuous casting machine of R10 bis-machine, describe and implement method of the present invention:
1) nickel sulfide ore makes its particle diameter be below 6mm through sieving approach, maturing temperature is 850-900 DEG C, wind speed with 1.5m/s during roasting is blown into air, material produces roasted ore through the cold pipe cooling of deslagging in stove after fluidized bed roasting, after same laterite (nickel oxide ore) and other material carry out proportioning, add RKEF system.Tail gas fully reclaims and makes sulfuric acid, and generate the oxygen reaction discharged in SO2 and roasting process in nickel ore concentrate roasting process and generate SO3, it obtains pyrosulfuric acid through the sulfuric acid absorption of 98.3%, and dilution obtains sulfuric acid; Dust fully reclaims and adds in RKEF system for the preparation of thick nickelalloy; Above-mentioned obtained sulfuric acid can reach following technical indicator.
The index of sulfuric acid
2) enter thick nickelalloy molten iron temperature needed for stove according to AOD refining furnace, adopting the thick nickelalloy of RKEF technique melting, by controlling slag type, making Si/Mg (mass ratio) control between 1.75-1.85;
3) the strict gentle iron temperature of slag controlled when thick nickelalloy is produced, slag temperature control is within the scope of 1550-1570 DEG C; Iron temperature control is within the scope of 1500-1520 DEG C;
4) the thick nickelalloy molten iron of ladle splendid attire is adopted;
5) after having gone out thick nickelalloy molten iron, use carbonization rice husk (insulation material) to be covered immediately, control molten iron temperature well, wherein the Task-size Controlling of insulation material is within 0 ~ 5mm scope; Its humid control is at H
2o≤0.5%;
6) thick nickelalloy molten iron is sent into AOD refining furnace carry out refining with driving handling ladle; Wherein alloy material and slag former add-on calculate:
(1) alloy material adds calculating:
High carbon ferro-chrome add-on: 50000*18.2%/60%=15167 (kg)
Redly send the ferronickel water yield: 50000-15167=34833 (kg)
(2) oxidation period lime adding amount:
Lime adding amount={ [%Si] * 50000*2.14*R}/(%CaO) is effective
Wherein, in formula, [%Si] represents silicone content in molten steel;
R=(%CaO)/(%SiO
2) represent basicity; (%CaO) effective---effective CaO content in lime.
Wherein the red usage quantity of ferronickel water of sending controls within the scope of 63%-67%, and high carbon ferro-chrome add-on controls within the scope of 28%-30%, and the add-on of slag former controls within the scope of 5%-7%.
7) refining on AOD refining furnace is pressed AOD refining furnace regulations for technical operation and is performed, specific as follows:
(1) according to the carbon content in molten steel, feed maximum oxygen amount, adjust suitable inert gas ratio simultaneously, reach decarburization and cr yield temperature control object, molten steel terminal temperature controlled within the scope of 1660-1680 DEG C, molten steel target carbon content control is within the scope of 0.035%-0.045%.
(2) reductive agent ferrosilicon is added by feed bin, the oxide compound in reducing slag;
(3) add slag former, control below 0.005% by sulphur in steel, wherein slag former can be: lime, fluorite, magnesia;
8) pour qualified AOD molten steel into ladle, carry out deep deoxidation with traveling crane to LF stove;
9) large Baogang water presses the execution of furnaceman's LF skill working specification, specific as follows:
(1) power transmission slag heats up, and temperature is risen to and meets continuous casting requirement temperature;
(2) argon pressure about 0.5Mpa is adjusted, soft blow 10-15 minute;
(3) to stop the supple of gas or steam calm molten steel about 8 minutes, ensure that inclusion fully floats, improve Molten Steel Cleanliness;
10) large Baogang water is transported to continuous casting turn around table by traveling crane, the orthogonal base of continuous casting or slab;
11) execution of continuous caster regulations for technical operation is pressed in the making of rectangular bloom or slab, specific as follows:
(1) tundish temperature controls at 1480-1485 DEG C; Casting speed control is at 1.25-1.30m/min;
(2) stopper, two cold water spray hydrominings are with automatically controlling;
(3) whole process protection cast.
12) stainless steel is put in storage after making slab.
The chemical composition of product and slag composition:
(1) product composition
(2) slag composition
| Composition | CaO | MgO | SiO 2 | Al 2O 3 | FeO | MnO | Ni |
| Quality % | 58-63 | 3-7 | 26-31 | 1.5-3.5 | 0.1-0.2 | 0.1-0.2 | ≤0.05 |
Physical condition of the present invention: in tabular; Rectangular bloom size: 6000mm X 220mm X 260mm; Size of plate blank: 99000mm X 160mm X (470-750) mm.The product that novel process technology of the present invention is produced is applicable to oil, chemical industry, shipbuilding, automobile, building, food, electronics, medical facilities, communal facility etc.
In sum, producing and manufacturing technique of the present invention, by stoving oven, roasting is carried out to nickel sulfide concentrate and make nickel oxide, tail gas recycle relieving haperacidity, and the control to slag type during thick nickelalloy melting, slag temperature, the control of molten iron temperature and the selection of insulation material and granularity thereof, the control of humidity, when stainless steel is produced, proportioning raw materials is reasonably combined, substantially reduce Production Flow Chart, reduce power consumption, production cost, product is become a useful person time shorten, improve production capacity, achieve the comprehensive utilization of resource, site environment is clean environment firendly more, also reduce the labour intensity of employee, and produce the refining stainless steel product meeting national standard and user's requirement.
Claims (10)
1. the technique of a smelting stainless steel, it is characterized in that, described technique directly adopts nickel ore concentrate through roasting, RKEF system, AOD furnace, the stainless novel process of LF stove melting continuously, and being made into slab by continuous casting system, nickel ore concentrate Fe wherein after roasting is used for the preparation of thick nickelalloy in RKEF system.
2. technique according to claim 1, is characterized in that, generate the oxygen reaction discharged in SO2 and roasting process in described nickel ore concentrate roasting process and generate SO3, it obtains pyrosulfuric acid through the sulfuric acid absorption of 98.3%, and dilution obtains sulfuric acid.
3. technique according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the dust of the roasted ore that described nickel ore concentrate roasting produces and recovery adds in RKEF stove for the preparation of thick nickelalloy.
4. technique according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, need before described nickel ore concentrate roasting to make its particle diameter be below 6mm through sieving approach, maturing temperature is 850-900oC, wind speed with 1.5m/s during roasting is blown into air, and material in stove, produce roasted ore after fluidized bed roasting and dust adds RKEF system for the preparation of thick nickelalloy through the cold pipe of deslagging and dust collecting system recovery.
5. technique according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described technique comprises following concrete steps:
1) nickel ore concentrate is through carrying out roasting through sieving approach, temperature controls as 850-900oC, roasted ore after roasting, cooling, dedusting, degassed, cooling and the same red soil nickel ore of dust (nickel oxide ore) of recovery and other material carry out mixture, material is added RKEF system for the preparation of thick nickelalloy, tail gas fully reclaims and makes sulfuric acid
2) entering thick nickelalloy molten iron temperature needed for stove according to AOD refining furnace, adopting the thick nickelalloy of RKEF technique melting, by controlling slag type;
3) the strict gentle iron temperature of slag controlled when thick nickelalloy is produced;
4) the thick nickelalloy molten iron of ladle splendid attire is adopted;
5) after having gone out thick nickelalloy molten iron, covered with insulation material immediately, controlled well molten iron temperature;
6) thick nickelalloy molten iron is sent into AOD refining furnace carry out refining with driving handling ladle;
7) refining on AOD refining furnace is pressed AOD refining furnace regulations for technical operation and is performed;
8) pour qualified AOD molten steel into ladle, carry out deep deoxidation with traveling crane to LF stove;
9) large Baogang water presses the execution of furnaceman's LF skill working specification;
10) large Baogang water is transported to continuous casting turn around table by traveling crane, the orthogonal base of continuous casting or slab;
11) execution of continuous caster regulations for technical operation is pressed in the making of rectangular bloom or slab;
12) stainless steel is put in storage after making slab.
6. technique according to claim 5, is characterized in that, in step 2) in carry out control to slag type be that Si/Mg mass ratio is controlled between 1.75-1.85.
7. technique according to claim 5, is characterized in that, in step 3), slag temperature control is within the scope of 1550-1570 DEG C; Iron temperature control is within the scope of 1500-1520 DEG C.
8. technique according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described in step 5), insulation material adopts carbonization rice husk, and its Task-size Controlling is within 0 ~ 5mm scope; Humid control is at H
2o≤0.5%.
9. technique according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, in step 5) Raw quality proportioning be: the red usage quantity of ferronickel water of sending controls within the scope of 63%-67%, and high carbon ferro-chrome add-on controls within the scope of 28%-30%, and the add-on of slag former controls within the scope of 5%-7%.
10. a stainless steel, is characterized in that, the described technique of what described stainless steel adopted is one of claim 1-9 is made.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410768756.0A CN104451349A (en) | 2014-12-12 | 2014-12-12 | Stainless steel and smelting process thereof |
| PCT/CN2015/075355 WO2016090769A1 (en) | 2014-12-12 | 2015-03-30 | Stainless-steel and smelting process thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410768756.0A CN104451349A (en) | 2014-12-12 | 2014-12-12 | Stainless steel and smelting process thereof |
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| CN105219923A (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2016-01-06 | 福建鼎信实业有限公司 | A kind of RKEF produces the technique of ferronickel, ferrochrome and AOD furnace triplex process smelting stainless steel |
| WO2016090769A1 (en) * | 2014-12-12 | 2016-06-16 | 福建鼎信实业有限公司 | Stainless-steel and smelting process thereof |
| CN107130168A (en) * | 2017-04-12 | 2017-09-05 | 广东广青金属科技有限公司 | Utilize the austenitic stainless steel and its production technology of smelting laterite-nickel ores |
| WO2017186162A1 (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2017-11-02 | 青拓集团有限公司 | Process for treating metal surface waste |
| CN113249540A (en) * | 2021-05-14 | 2021-08-13 | 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 | Production method for smelting nickel-based stainless steel by using AOD furnace and using nickel hydroxide as raw material |
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