CN104441698B - A kind of method adjusting autoclave flow field temperature homogeneity - Google Patents

A kind of method adjusting autoclave flow field temperature homogeneity Download PDF

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CN104441698B
CN104441698B CN201410729868.5A CN201410729868A CN104441698B CN 104441698 B CN104441698 B CN 104441698B CN 201410729868 A CN201410729868 A CN 201410729868A CN 104441698 B CN104441698 B CN 104441698B
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temperature
autoclave
air
blast device
fluid
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CN104441698A (en
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杨睿
孙士勇
林家冠
牛斌
钱卫
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Dalian University of Technology
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
    • B29C70/42—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C70/44—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using isostatic pressure, e.g. pressure difference-moulding, vacuum bag-moulding, autoclave-moulding or expanding rubber-moulding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/54—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations, e.g. feeding or storage of prepregs or SMC after impregnation or during ageing

Abstract

A kind of method adjusting autoclave flow field temperature homogeneity of the present invention belongs to composite autoclave molding technical field, relates to a kind of method adjusting autoclave flow field temperature homogeneity.The method adopts the method analog composite material autoclave forming process of finite element, temperature-compensating is carried out for mould low-temperature region, air-blast device is adopted to change the flowing velocity of low-temperature region fluid in autoclave, accelerate this regional fluid and extraneous heat exchange rate, make autoclave flow field homogeneous temperature.Adopt Catia software to set up model, import Ansys ICEM grid division；The Flow and heat flux in autoclave technique is simulated, it is determined that the position of autoclave flow field low-temperature region by fluid analysis software；Low-temperature region is determined installation site and the wind speed of air-blast device.Change the flowing velocity of low-temperature region fluid in autoclave by air-blast device, make autoclave flow field homogeneous temperature.The method increase composite product Forming Quality, not only save cost but also improve efficiency.

Description

A kind of method adjusting autoclave flow field temperature homogeneity
Technical field
The invention belongs to composite autoclave molding technical field, particularly to a kind of method adjusting autoclave flow field temperature homogeneity.
Background technology
Composite has specific strength and specific modulus height and is prone to many excellent characteristics such as global formation, is widely used in aerospace field, and most popular high-quality composite element forming method is autoclave forming process technology.In composite element autoclave molding process, higher for fluid temperature (F.T.) uniformity requirement in tank.If fluid temperature difference is excessive in tank, the asynchronous solidification of composite element can be caused, reduce the Forming Quality of product.In engineering practical operation, it is generally adopted increase and increases insulation link means to reduce fluid temperature difference in tank.But the production efficiency of this method reduces, adds production cost.Can also by moulds of industrial equipment structure is optimized design come improved-type surface temperature uniformity, but, for baroque frock, tend not to fully meet requirement, very low at some position heating rate of profile, the bigger temperature difference can be produced.Also having skilled industrial worker can by virtue of experience adjust mould putting position in autoclave, carry out improved-type surface temperature uniformity, however it is necessary that test of many times adjustment, uncertainty is very big, and DeGrain.
Document US6309587B1 points out that composite material shaping mould is made " egg case " type frame type mould is conducive to mold temperature field uniformity.However it is necessary that amendment mould, relatively costly, and for large complicated composite element, always there will be the phenomenon of non-uniform temperature in some positions of mold bottom, it is difficult to thoroughly improve the Uniformity of Temperature Field of die face each point by changing mould structure.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is in order to overcome the defect of prior art, invent and a kind of adjust the method for fluid temperature (F.T.) uniformity in autoclave, the method adopts the method analog composite material autoclave technique of finite element, can science carry out temperature-compensating for mould low-temperature region, adjusted more effective by empirical experiment compared to technical staff, can under the premise not changing autoclave forming process, the flowing velocity of low-temperature region fluid in autoclave is changed by air-blast device, accelerate this regional fluid and extraneous heat exchange rate, make autoclave flow field homogeneous temperature.
The technical solution used in the present invention is a kind of to adjust the method for fluid temperature (F.T.) uniformity in autoclave, the method adopts the method analog composite material autoclave technique of finite element, temperature-compensating is carried out for mould low-temperature region, air-blast device is adopted to change the flowing velocity of low-temperature region fluid in autoclave, accelerate this regional fluid and extraneous heat exchange rate, make autoclave flow field homogeneous temperature；Specifically comprising the following steps that of method
(1) autoclave model is simplified, grid division, set up autoclave finite element analysis model；Adopt Catia software to set up model, import AnsysICEM grid division, first carry out GTD model, integrate broken, remove little rounded corner and unwanted point, line, surface；Again respectively to fluid domain in autoclave and solid domain building topology block structure, the then point, line, surface of associated topologies block structure and geometric model, to topological structure block grid division, it is intended that the nodes of each edge；For the near-wall region mesh refinement that fluid domain contacts with solid domain, the stress and strain model of topological structure block checks mesh quality after completing；Finally, on the network topology of topological structure block to geometric model, unstrctured grid will be converted into and export；
(2) simulation calculation, simulates Flow and heat flux in autoclave technique by fluid analysis software, it is determined that the position of autoclave flow field low-temperature region；First the moment that the temperature difference is maximum determined by the isothermal line cloud atlas 5 according to the die face 2 of simulation, it is determined that this moment temperature maximum Tmax, control temperature: T according to allowing temperature difference T to calculatectrl=TmaxFrom profile isothermal line cloud atlas ,-Δ T, determines that temperature is TctrlPosition, closed area and closed area number, closed area number is numbered i=a, b ..n；It is total to the defined space of n region, the face of numbering correspondence and floor and low-temperature region；
(3) in low-temperature region, determine installation site and the wind speed of air-blast device；Arranging air-blast device 7 at air vent 1 place of the floor 3 of low-temperature region, air-blast device 7 cold air blast velocity direction is perpendicular to floor wall；Air-blast device is replaced by the face equivalence that air vent is defined in simulation calculates, and embodies blast velocity by arranging the pressure drop in this face, and formula is:
Δp = k L 1 2 ρ v fan 2
Wherein, Δ p be defined of air vent flow to pressure drop, kLFor nondimensional loss coefficient, ρ is the density of fluid media (medium), vfanSpeed for fan；The wind speed of air-blast device is stepped up from 0, is calculated the minimum wind speed determining satisfied temperature homogeneous condition by circulating analog；Homogeneous temperature condition is exactly that the temperature difference of die face any time temperature maximum point and minimum point is less than allowing temperature difference T；
(4) air-blast device is added in simulation calculating, the temperature field after improving；
(5) if the temperature field after improving still is unsatisfactory for requirement, step (1)-(4) are repeated, until autoclave flow field temperature meets technological requirement, it is determined that go out air-blast device number to be mounted and position.
A kind of adjust the method for fluid temperature (F.T.) uniformity in autoclave, the air-blast device adopted in the method can be blower fan, airduct or other accelerate the device of gas flow rates.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows and can effectively reduce the temperature difference of molding surface by improving the method for fluid temperature (F.T.) uniformity in autoclave, be conducive to composite product surface co-curing, reduce the defects such as internal stress and deformation that product causes due to the temperature difference, improve composite product Forming Quality, the method not only saves cost but also improve efficiency.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the present invention, and Fig. 2 is autoclave process mould schematic diagram, and Fig. 3 is fan installation site schematic diagram.Wherein, 1-air vent, 2-die face, 3-floor, 4-composite element, 5-isothermal line cloud atlas, 6-profile low-temperature region, 7-air-blast device, 8-low-temperature region fluid moves, 9-cold air blast velocity direction.
Detailed description of the invention
Describing technical scheme in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, autoclave moulded dimension of the present invention isFrame type mould size length, width and height are 1500 × 1700 × 400mm, and shape is as shown in Figure 2.Composite element 4 adopts the glass fibre/polyester resin composite material of 0/90 ° of laying, thickness in monolayer 0.635mm.0 degree of direction of laying is along die length direction, and thickness direction is die face normal orientation, amounts to thickness 25mm, totally 40 layers of glass fibre/polyester resin composite material.According to parameters such as atmospheric density, viscosity, heat conductivity in autoclave technique definition tank, the density of mould, specific heat capacity and thermal conductivitys, autoclave temperature process route is set, adopts turbulence model.Carrying out boundary condition definition, autoclave entrance adopts speed entrance, flow velocity 1.5m/s, and autoclave outlet adopts pressure export, and pressure is pressure inside the tank, and tank skin adopts adiabatic wall, and die surface is coupled wall.
Accompanying drawing 1 is specific embodiment of the invention flow chart, the method to be embodied as step as follows:
1) set up autoclave process fluid analytical model, simplify according to the structure of autoclave and mould, and set up FEM (finite element) model, adopt Catia software to set up autoclave model, import Ansys grid division.First carry out GTD model during grid division, integrate broken, remove little rounded corner and unwanted point, line, surface；Again respectively to fluid domain in autoclave and solid domain building topology block structure, the then point, line, surface of associated topologies block structure and geometric model, to topological structure block grid division, it is intended that the nodes of each edge；For boundary region near fluid domain and solid domain contact surface, distribution node rule is more close the closer to the node separation of the surface of solids, for the suitable refined net density of composite element, suitably sparse for the fluid domain grid away from mould and composite element.The stress and strain model of topological structure block checks mesh quality after completing, relatively big for mesh torsion degree, and the part of nodes that the minimum angle of grid is less adjusts mesh-density or node location, improves mesh quality.General determinant determinant inspection value is more than 0.3, and MinAngle value just can reach Fluent more than 18 ° and solve requirement.Finally, on the network topology of topological structure block to geometric model, unstrctured grid will be converted into and export.Simulate Flow and heat flux in autoclave technique by fluid analysis software, FEM (finite element) model is imported in Fluent software, Fluent solves thermo parameters method, solve air flow field in mold temperature field and tank.Due to autoclave φ 2.5 × 7m larger in size, fluid media (medium) flow velocity 1.5m/s, may determine that in tank, fluid is turbulent flow according to Reynolds number result of calculation, therefore, Fluent computation model selects turbulence model.
2) the operating procedure conditions setting according to autoclave is as follows:
A) autoclave fluid media (medium) is air, and air viscosity is set to User-Defined Functions and imports Fluent, and viscosity value varies with temperature and changes.
B) autoclave fluid, mould and composite element material parameter are set.Autoclave fluid adopts air, and mould and composite element parameter are in Table 1, and curable polyester resin kinetic parameter is in Table 2.
The Thermal Parameter of table 1 material
Material Density (kg/m3) Specific heat capacity (J/kg.K) Heat conductivity (w/m.k)
Composite element 1890 1260 kij
Mould (steel) 8030 502.48 16.27
In table: the heat conductivity of composite element k ij = k xx k yy k zz , Wherein, kxx=kzz=0.2163 is the main heat conductivity of die face tangential direction, kyy=0.4326 is the main heat conductivity of die face normal direction.
Table 2 curable polyester resin kinetic parameter
A/min-1 ΔE/(J·mol-1) m n Hr/(J·kg-1)
3.7×1022 1.674×105 0.524 1.476 77.5×103
C) end face of composite element 4 is set to speed entrance boundary condition, it is intended that air velocity and temperature process route.Owing to composite element is basically completed solidification process in temperature rise period and holding stage, therefore simplify the last insulation link of temperature process route and cooling link.Another end face of composite element 4 is set to pressure export boundary condition, it is intended that pressure is static pressure, is worth for inner cavity of hot-pressing tank operating pressure.
D) setting the plane of symmetry of fluid, mould and composite element as symmetry boundary condition, hot pressing tank skin is adiabatic wall boundary condition, composite element and be fluid structurecoupling face boundary condition outside mould.Setting the composite element solid domain as having thermal source, rate of heat release is obtained by curing reaction Kinetics Equation for Calculating, substitutes into Fluent by UDF and participates in coupling calculating.Curing reaction Kinetics equation is:
dα dt = Aexp ( - ΔE RT ) α m ( 1 - α ) n
In formula, R, respectively gas universal constant and curing degree, A, Δ E, m, n respectively measuring parameter, first the moment t=225min that the temperature difference is maximum determined by the die face isothermal line cloud atlas 5 according to simulation, it is determined that this moment temperature maximum Tmax=377.5K, according to technique Maximum Permissible Temperature Difference Δ T=20K, calculates and controls temperature Tctrl=Tmax-Δ T=357.5K, determines that in profile isothermal line cloud atlas temperature is TctrlThe position, closed area of=357.5K, has one and closes control temperature isothermal line.This isothermal line inner region is exactly die face low-temperature region 6.
3) determining position and wind speed that air-blast device 7 installs, arrange air-blast device 7 at air vent 1 place of profile low-temperature region 6, air-blast device cold air blast velocity direction 9 is perpendicular to the wall of floor 3, and low-temperature region fluid motion 8 is as shown in Figure 3.Air-blast device is replaced by the face equivalence that air vent is defined in simulation calculates, and embodies blast velocity by arranging the pressure drop in this face, and formula is:
Δp = k L 1 2 ρ v fan 2
Wherein, Δ p be defined of air vent flow to pressure drop, kLFor nondimensional loss coefficient, ρ is the density of fluid media (medium), vfanSpeed for fan；The wind speed of air-blast device is stepped up from 0, is calculated the minimum wind speed determining satisfied temperature homogeneous condition by circulating analog；Determine the temperature difference of die face any time temperature maximum point and minimum point；The temperature difference is less than permission temperature difference T；The minimum air-blast device cold air blast velocity determining satisfied temperature homogeneous condition is calculated by circulating analog.
4) add air-blast device again in model, recalculate the mold temperature field after improvement.
This example arranges 6 fans, respectively on the front floor of floor and middle floor.In this example, loss coefficient kL=0.9, autoclave is all pressed as 0.6MPa, air dielectric density p=7.0146kg/m3, vfanIt is initially zero.Whether the die face temperature according to each result of calculation uniformly adjusts, first determine the temperature difference of maximum of points and minimum point on the die face after adding air-blast device, obtained the maximum of current die face temperature and minimizing temperature difference Δ T by simulation calculationtest, with controllable temperature difference Δ TctrlRelatively.If Δ Ttest> Δ Tctrl, then v is increasedfanValue, again substitute into model calculate；If Δ Ttest≤ΔTctrl, then calculate and terminate.Finally derive current vfanNumerical value and fan position as adjust autoclave flow field temperature homogeneity scheme.This example is after cycle calculations, and obtaining fan wind speed is vfan11=vfan21=2.924m/s, vfan21=vfan22=3.377m/s, vfan31=vfan32=3.77m/s.
In the example that the present invention does, when not using air-blast device, the profile center of mould there will be low-temperature region near autoclave exit position, and the temperature difference of highest temperature point and minimum warm spot reaches 50 DEG C；After the floor disposed at air vent in topical hypothermia region adds air-blast device, the temperature difference declines to a great extent, and drops to controllable temperature difference 20 DEG C, and effect is obvious.

Claims (2)

1. the method adjusting autoclave flow field temperature homogeneity, it is characterized in that, the method adopts the method analog composite material autoclave forming process of finite element, temperature-compensating is carried out for mould low-temperature region, air-blast device is adopted to change the flowing velocity of low-temperature region fluid in autoclave, accelerate this regional fluid and extraneous heat exchange rate, make autoclave flow field homogeneous temperature；Specifically comprising the following steps that of the method
(1) autoclave model is simplified, grid division, set up autoclave finite element analysis model；Adopt Catia software to set up model, import AnsysICEM grid division；First carry out GTD model, integrate broken, remove little rounded corner and unwanted point, line, surface；Again respectively to fluid domain in autoclave and solid domain building topology block structure；Then the point, line, surface of associated topologies block structure and geometric model, to topological structure block grid division, it is intended that the nodes of each edge；For the near-wall region mesh refinement that fluid domain contacts with solid domain, finally, on the network topology of topological structure block to geometric model, Unstructured grid will be converted into and export；
(2) simulation calculation, simulates the Flow and heat flux in autoclave technique by fluid analysis software；Determine the position of autoclave flow field low-temperature region；First the moment that the temperature difference is maximum determined by the isothermal line cloud atlas (5) according to the die face (2) of simulation, it is determined that this moment temperature maximum Tmax, calculate according to Maximum Permissible Temperature Difference Δ T and control temperature: Tctrl=TmaxFrom profile isothermal line cloud atlas ,-Δ T, determines that temperature is TctrlPosition, closed area and closed area number, to closed area number numbering i=a, b ..n；N region altogether, the face of numbering correspondence supports the defined space of floor and low-temperature region with it；
(3) in low-temperature region, determine installation site and the wind speed of air-blast device；Arrange air-blast device (7) at floor (3) air vent (1) place of low-temperature region, air-blast device (7) cold air blast velocity direction is perpendicular to floor wall；Air-blast device is replaced by the face equivalence that air vent is defined in simulation calculates, and embodies blast velocity by arranging the pressure drop in this face, and formula is:
Δ p = k L 1 2 ρv f a n 2
Wherein, Δ p be defined of air vent flow to pressure drop, kLFor nondimensional loss coefficient, ρ is the density of fluid media (medium), vfanSpeed for fan；The wind speed of air-blast device is stepped up from 0, is calculated the minimum wind speed determining satisfied temperature homogeneous condition by circulating analog；Temperature homogeneity condition is that the temperature difference of die face any time temperature maximum point and minimum point is less than Maximum Permissible Temperature Difference Δ T；
(4) air-blast device is added in simulation calculating, the temperature field after improving；
(5) if the temperature field after improving still is unsatisfactory for requirement, step (1)-(4) are repeated, until autoclave flow field temperature meets technological requirement, it is determined that go out air-blast device number to be mounted and position.
2. according to a kind of method adjusting autoclave flow field temperature homogeneity described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the air-blast device adopted in the method is the device of blower fan, airduct or other quickening gas flow rates.
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CN107025366B (en) * 2017-05-23 2020-05-15 中南大学 Interactive coupling numerical simulation method for composite material autoclave molding temperature field
CN107160713B (en) * 2017-06-27 2019-04-23 南京航空航天大学 A kind of autoclave frame-type composite material shaping mould
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