CN104438595A - Method for precision plastic forming and precision heat treatment of waveform elastic element - Google Patents
Method for precision plastic forming and precision heat treatment of waveform elastic element Download PDFInfo
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- CN104438595A CN104438595A CN201410713861.4A CN201410713861A CN104438595A CN 104438595 A CN104438595 A CN 104438595A CN 201410713861 A CN201410713861 A CN 201410713861A CN 104438595 A CN104438595 A CN 104438595A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for precision plastic forming and precision heat treatment of a waveform elastic element. A precision element forming force control device is used for forming, the forming force of the part is precisely controlled, the forming height and the machining hardening effect of the part can be effectively controlled, the situation that the workpiece is flattened due to too large forming force, so that the workpiece becomes thinner can be prevented, and the punch forming effect is good. In order to control aging deformation of the workpiece and the height of the workpiece after being aged, the number of clamps ranges from 8 to 10, the tightening torque ranges from 5 N/m to 8 N/m, deformation of the workpiece in the heat treatment process is effectively controlled, and the heights of all points of the workpiece are effectively controlled. The method is used for conducting precision plastic forming and heat treatment on the part, the high requirements of a technical drawing for the height and the elasticity of the waveform elastic element are completely met, the hardness after heat treatment is larger than or equal to 360 HV, and the percent of pass of the heights of the three points of the waveform elastic element is 100% within the range shown in the specification; when the waveform elastic element is compressed to be 1.0 mm in height, the percent of pass of elasticity reaches more than 70% in the design requirement interval.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to precision metal plastic forming and precision heat treatment technical field, particularly the method for the shaping and precision heat treatment of QBe2 beryllium-bronze material waveform elastic element precise plastic.
Background technology
Waveform elastic element is a kind of flexible member of contoured surface waviness, and concrete structure schematic diagram, as Fig. 1, has that volume is little, take up room little feature, has the effect of damping and fine adjustment pressure, is used widely in the sealing of Aerospace Products hydraulic pump.
The computing formula that waveform elastic element elastic force numerical value is not shaped, what have an impact to elastic force has the many factors such as forming force, decrement, thickness, loaded area, hardness, and influence degree is difficult to quantitative calculating, and it is very large that elastic force controls difficulty.In addition, in process of production because this part thickness is little, heat treatment timeliness is yielding, and Altitude control difficulty is very large.
The technological process that domestic and international waveform elastic element is produced is generally: timeliness heat-treated by machining blanks material-use hydraulic press punch forming-use vacuum drying oven---bearing test-test of halting-reparation size-deliver for a check hardness, size, elastic force.Bearing test part is compressed to certain altitude keep the specific time, and test of halting compresses workpiece continuously with certain pressure.
At present, conventional impact forming method has two kinds, and one uses special die punching press amplification on conventional oil press shaping, and one uses wooden mallet to knock special die progressively to amplify shaping.When using hydraulic press punch forming, the pressure of hydraulic press can not accurately control, and forming force control accuracy is between 40000N-60000N, and it is very large that forming force controls difficulty, time shaping, pressure is excessive easily flattens workpiece and crushing mould on thickness position, and Forming Quality is not high.Use wooden mallet to knock special die and progressively amplify forming method, wooden mallet percussion power is difficult to control, and shaping efficiency is low, and due to unbalance stress, Forming Quality is poor.Through investigation, current most of Aero-Space enterprise produces such part and uses special die punching press amplification on conventional oil press shaping, and owing to accurately can not control forming force, height and the elastic force uniformity of part are poor, qualified in about 30%; How the Forming Quality of this part of precise hard_drawn tuhes is the technology difficult problem that puzzlement is produced always.
Use existing technological process to produce certain type product, the qualification rate of part about 10%, and pays rear elastic force and highly equal instability, seriously governs model research and production progress, becomes the bottleneck of model research and production.
Therefore, existing apparatus and method all can not meet the process requirements to waveform elastic element.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide the method for the shaping and precision heat treatment of a kind of waveform elastic element precise plastic, solves waveform elastic element elastic force and a height dimension difficult problem controls, the technical barrier of poor stability.
The technical solution realizing the object of the invention is:
A method for the shaping and precision heat treatment of waveform elastic element precise plastic, comprises the following steps:
Step 1, blank material is launched shape dimensional requirement by part be processed into toroidal;
Step 2, part gasoline to be cleaned, make piece surface without dirt, oil stain;
Step 3, precision element forming force control device are placed on hydraulic press operating platform, part after clean is placed between the upper and lower mould of diel, the end face of diel is provided with nib, diel is placed on precision element forming force control device, steel ball is placed on the nib of diel;
Step 4, under the effect of hydraulic press pressure, compress precision element forming force control device, regulate forming force to make part waviness shape by the drafts of adjustment precision element forming force control device;
Step 5,8-10 part after shaping is stacked unanimously, ensure gapless between part, part after stacking is placed between the upper and lower mould of fixture, is tightened together by the upper and lower mould of the screw bolt and nut on fixture by fixture, apply moment by torque spanner fastening nut to fixture;
Step 6, be placed in the effective heating area of vacuum annealing furnace body by applying the fixture after moment;
Step 7, body of heater to be vacuumized, make vacuum be less than 20Pa;
Step 8, carry out Ageing Treatment, aging technique parameter is 315 ~ 330 DEG C × 3h;
Step 9, timeliness temperature retention time carry out after arriving, with stove cooling, after being cooled to 60 DEG C, completing the Ageing Treatment to part, coming out of the stove;
Step 10, the part of coming out of the stove is carried out bearing test;
Step 11, by part restore to drawing requirement;
Step 12, part carried out again the obtained waveform elastic element of load up ageing test.
Further, the material of the blank material described in step 1 is QBe2 beryllium-bronze.
Further, the precision element forming force control device described in step 3 comprises support backing plate, spring, bearing body, adjustment pad and limited block; The sidewall that bearing body comprises base and supported by base, described sidewall is arranged to and provides support backing plate and surround sliding support perpendicular to base in space at sidewall, support the spring being provided with between backing plate and the base of bearing body and can being provided in and supporting and firm resiliency supported is provided in backing plate region, on the sidewall end face of bearing body, symmetry is fixedly installed limited block, is provided with adjustment pad between limited block and sidewall end face.
Further, the moment described in step 5 is 5-8Nm.
Compared with prior art, its remarkable advantage is as follows in the present invention:
1) when shaping, employ precision element forming force control device, precise hard_drawn tuhes is realized to the forming force of part, effectively can not only control forming height and the drawing hardening effect of part, and the excessive flattening workpiece of forming force can be prevented, cause workpiece thinning, punch forming is effective.
2) in order to control the height after part secular distortion and timeliness, the folder quantity of fixture is 8-10 part, screw-down torque is 5-8N/m, effectively controls distortion during heat treatment of workpieces, and effectively controls each point height of workpiece.
3) utilize the method to carry out the shaping and heat treatment of precise plastic to part, meet the high request of technical drawing to waveform elastic element heights and elastic force completely, and qualification rate be high, reaches following technical indicator:
A. after heat treatment, hardness is >=360HV;
B. waveform elastic element 3 height exist
in scope, qualification rate is 100%;
C. waveform elastic compression element reaches more than 70% to the qualification rate of elastic force in designing requirement interval when being highly 1.0mm.
4) the waveform elastic element elastic force uniformity of producing by this kind of method is good, screening elastic force when being convenient to assembling, efficiency when improve assembling and quality.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structure sectional view of precision element forming force control device of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is that precision element forming force control device of the present invention analyses and observe the sectional view in vertical direction, direction with Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the clamp structure schematic diagram of waveform elastic element of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of waveform elastic element of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Composition graphs 1 and Fig. 2:
A kind of precision element forming force of the present invention control device, comprises and supports backing plate 1, spring 2, bearing body 4, adjustment pad 5 and limited block 6; The sidewall that bearing body 4 comprises base and supported by base, described sidewall is arranged to and provides support backing plate 1 and surround sliding support perpendicular to base in space at sidewall, support the spring 2 being provided with between backing plate 1 and the base of bearing body 4 and can being provided in and supporting and firm resiliency supported is provided in backing plate 1 region, on the sidewall end face of bearing body 4, symmetry is fixedly installed limited block 6, is provided with and adjusts pad 5 between limited block and sidewall end face.
Limited block 6 is connected by bolt with the sidewall end face of bearing body 4.
Support on backing plate 1 and be provided with die setting base, the position of mount pad is corresponding with the center of gravity of the shape that the spring 2 that support backing plate is arranged for 1 time surrounds; Such design can make mould on support backing plate 1 when stressed, supports the stressed of the spring below backing plate 1 and can keep balance, avoid occurring that gripper shoe 1 tilts.
Spring 2 inner sleeve limited location axle sleeve 3, limit shaft sleeve 3 is arranged on the base of bearing body 4; When limit shaft sleeve 3 can avoid operate miss, mould bears the pressure overstepped the extreme limit.
Support backing plate 1 by the gag lever post through it at the direction upper limit being parallel to bearing body 4 base; Gag lever post can make to support backing plate 1 can not movement on occurred level direction and inclination.
The base supporting backing plate 1 and bearing body 4 is stretched out at gag lever post two ends under spring 2 uncompressed state, and gag lever post extension is threaded rod, and threaded rod is provided with nut; Such design can make the resilience removing pressure rear spring 2 be controlled.
The operation principle of above-mentioned precision element forming force control device is: the elastic force produced when being compressed by spring 2 provides forming force, the elastic force that spring 2 provides when a fixing decrement be fixing, can to measure and computable, namely mould is compressed to limited block 6 restraining position under hydraulic press upper table promotes, and the elastic force that spring 2 produces in this condition is forming force.This device adjusts the decrement of spring 2 by adjustment pad 5 and limited block 6, controls forming force by the decrement limiting spring 2, and then adjusts decrement to reach the different object requiring forming force of control by adjustment pad 5.
Embodiment 1
A kind of precision element forming force control device, comprises and supports backing plate 1, spring 2, bearing body 4, adjustment pad 5 and limited block 6, bearing body 4 comprises base and is vertically set on the sidewall at base two ends with base, specifically coordinating with the length of side supporting backing plate 1 between sidewall, make to support backing plate 1 to slide up and down along the sidewall of bearing body 4, support between backing plate 1 and the base of bearing body 4 and be provided with four springs 2, support backing plate 1 by the gag lever post through it at the direction upper limit being parallel to bearing body 4 base, the diameter of gag lever post coordinates with the open pore size supported on backing plate 1, and be fixed on the base of bearing body 4, the base supporting backing plate 1 and bearing body 4 is stretched out at gag lever post two ends under spring 2 uncompressed state, gag lever post extension is threaded rod, threaded rod is provided with nut, symmetric position fluting on two sidewall end faces of bearing body 4, limited block 6 is provided with in groove, be provided with between limited block and sidewall end face and adjust pad 5, limited block 6 is connected by bolt with the sidewall end face of bearing body 4, and limited block 6 carrys out by the quantity adjusting pad 5 height that furnishing limited block 6 exceeds sidewall end face.
This device forming force is provided by four springs 2, when four springs 2 compress together, can calculate total elastic force of four springs 2 by calculating the decrement of spring 2, by the decrement of accurate adjustment spring 2, and can forming force Numerical Control within the scope of ± 200N.
Embodiment 2
A method for the shaping and precision heat treatment of waveform elastic element precise plastic, comprises the following steps:
Step 1, by accessory size requirement processing launch shape be
Step 2, workpiece gasoline to be cleaned, make surface of the work without dirt, oil stain;
Step 3, precision element forming force control device are as shown in Figure 1, 2 placed on hydraulic press operating platform, (existing mould can be adopted between upper and lower mould part after clean being placed on diel, or customize according to demand), diel end face is provided with nib, diel is placed on the support backing plate 1 of precision element forming force control device, steel ball is placed on the nib of diel;
Step 4, under the effect of hydraulic press pressure, compress precision element forming force control device, forming force is regulated to make part waviness by the drafts of the spring 2 of adjustment precision element forming force control device, forming force is 15000 ± 200N, and the drafts of spring 2 controls between 8.6 ± 0.1mm;
Step 5, shaping rear 10 parts are stacked unanimously, ensure gapless between part, part after stacking is placed between the patrix 8 of fixture as shown in Figure 3, counterdie 9, by the bolt 10 on fixture and nut 7 by together with clamp, apply 5Nm moment by torque spanner fastening nut 7 to fixture;
Step 6, be placed in the effective heating area of vacuum annealing furnace body by applying the fixture after moment;
Step 7, body of heater to be vacuumized, make vacuum be less than 20Pa;
Step 8, carry out Ageing Treatment, aging technique parameter is 315 ~ 330 DEG C × 3h;
Step 9, timeliness temperature retention time carry out after arriving, with stove cooling, after being cooled to 60 DEG C, completing the Ageing Treatment to part, coming out of the stove;
Step 10, part is laid between two flat boards, by screw bolt and nut fastening flat board, part is compressed to the height of 1.0mm, carries out bearing test, the time is 24 hours;
Step 11, test of halting, compress workpiece 10 times continuously with the pressure of 100N ± 5N;
The height dimension of step 12, reparation workpiece extremely
Step 13, part is laid between two flat boards again, by screw bolt and nut fastening flat board, part is compressed to the height of 1.0mm, again carry out the waveform elastic element that bearing test obtains as shown in Figure 4 for 24 hours;
Step 14, the hardness checking waveform elastic element by product technology requirement, size and elastic force, record waveform elastic compression element to elastic force during 1.0mm in 74-92N, hardness is in 380-400HV, and waveform elastic element 3 height exist
in scope, qualification rate is 100%.
Claims (9)
1. a method for the shaping and precision heat treatment of waveform elastic element precise plastic, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
Step 1, blank material is launched shape dimensional requirement by part be processed into toroidal;
Step 2, to processing after part gasoline clean, make piece surface without dirt, oil stain;
Step 3, precision element forming force control device are placed on hydraulic press operating platform, part after clean is placed between the upper and lower mould of diel, the end face of diel is provided with nib, diel is placed on precision element forming force control device, steel ball is placed on the nib of diel;
Step 4, under the effect of hydraulic press pressure, compress precision element forming force control device, regulate forming force to make part waviness shape by the drafts of adjustment precision element forming force control device;
Step 5,8-10 part after shaping is stacked unanimously, ensure gapless between part, part after stacking is placed between the patrix (8) of fixture, counterdie (9), by the bolt (10) on fixture and nut (7), the patrix (8) of fixture, counterdie (9) are tightened together, apply moment by torque spanner fastening nut (7) to fixture;
Step 6, be placed in the effective heating area of vacuum annealing furnace body by applying the fixture after moment;
Step 7, body of heater to be vacuumized, make vacuum be less than 20Pa;
Step 8, carry out Ageing Treatment, aging technique parameter is 315 ~ 330 DEG C × 3h;
Step 9, timeliness temperature retention time carry out after arriving, with stove cooling, after being cooled to 60 DEG C, completing the Ageing Treatment to part, coming out of the stove;
Step 10, the part of coming out of the stove is carried out bearing test;
Step 11, by part restore to drawing requirement;
Step 12, part is carried out bearing test again obtain waveform elastic element.
2. the method for the shaping and precision heat treatment of waveform elastic element precise plastic as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the material of the blank material described in step 1 is QBe2 beryllium-bronze.
3. the method for the shaping and precision heat treatment of waveform elastic element precise plastic as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the precision element forming force control device described in step 3 comprises support backing plate (1), spring (2), bearing body (4), adjustment pad (5) and limited block (6); The sidewall that bearing body (4) comprises base and supported by base, described sidewall is arranged to and provides support backing plate (1) and surround sliding support perpendicular to base in space at sidewall, support the spring (2) being provided with between backing plate (1) and the base of bearing body (4) and can being provided in and supporting and firm resiliency supported is provided in backing plate (1) region, on the sidewall end face of bearing body (4), symmetry is fixedly installed limited block (6), is provided with and adjusts pad (5) between limited block and sidewall end face.
4. the method for the shaping and precision heat treatment of waveform elastic element precise plastic as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, described limited block (6) is connected by bolt with the sidewall end face of bearing body (4).
5. the method for the shaping and precision heat treatment of waveform elastic element precise plastic as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, described support backing plate (1) is provided with die setting base, and the position of mount pad is corresponding with the center of gravity of the shape that the spring (2) arranged under support backing plate (1) surrounds.
6. the method for the shaping and precision heat treatment of waveform elastic element precise plastic as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, described spring (2) inner sleeve limited location axle sleeve (3), limit shaft sleeve (3) is arranged on the base of bearing body (4).
7. the method for the shaping and precision heat treatment of waveform elastic element precise plastic as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, described support backing plate (1) by through its gag lever post at the direction upper limit being parallel to bearing body (4) base.
8. the method for the shaping and precision heat treatment of waveform elastic element precise plastic as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that, the base supporting backing plate (1) and bearing body (4) is stretched out at described gag lever post two ends under spring (2) uncompressed state, gag lever post extension is threaded rod, and threaded rod is provided with nut.
9. the method for the shaping and precision heat treatment of waveform elastic element precise plastic as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the moment described in step 5 is 5-8Nm.
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| CN201410713861.4A CN104438595B (en) | 2014-11-28 | 2014-11-28 | The method of the shaping and precision heat treatment of a kind of waveform elastic element precise plastic |
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| CN201410713861.4A CN104438595B (en) | 2014-11-28 | 2014-11-28 | The method of the shaping and precision heat treatment of a kind of waveform elastic element precise plastic |
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| CN104438595B CN104438595B (en) | 2016-03-30 |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109604941A (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2019-04-12 | 中国航发沈阳黎明航空发动机有限责任公司 | A kind of 578 alloy material waveform spring manufacturing method of Э П |
| CN111545689A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-08-18 | 中国航发哈尔滨东安发动机有限公司 | Wave spring hot fixation tool |
| CN114226603A (en) * | 2021-12-13 | 2022-03-25 | 陕西航空电气有限责任公司 | 3J21 thin-wall wave spring aging tool and wave spring machining method |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109604941A (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2019-04-12 | 中国航发沈阳黎明航空发动机有限责任公司 | A kind of 578 alloy material waveform spring manufacturing method of Э П |
| CN109604941B (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2020-07-14 | 中国航发沈阳黎明航空发动机有限责任公司 | Manufacturing method of ЭП 578 alloy material wave spring |
| CN111545689A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-08-18 | 中国航发哈尔滨东安发动机有限公司 | Wave spring hot fixation tool |
| CN114226603A (en) * | 2021-12-13 | 2022-03-25 | 陕西航空电气有限责任公司 | 3J21 thin-wall wave spring aging tool and wave spring machining method |
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