CN104430584A - 一种番石榴实蝇引诱剂 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种番石榴实蝇引诱剂,其原料按重量百分比包括:番石榴香精8-12%,杀虫剂10-15%,乳化剂4-8%,防腐剂4-7%,水分调节剂5-9%,甲基丁香酚4-8%,丙二醇9-13%,水40-45%。本发明提出的番石榴实蝇引诱剂,引诱效果好,成本低,持效长,能同时引诱雌雄成虫。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及引诱剂技术领域,尤其涉及一种番石榴实蝇引诱剂。
背景技术
番石榴实蝇,英文名为Bactrocera orrecta(Bezzi),属双翅目实蝇科,番石榴实蝇主要分布于亚洲的巴基斯坦、印度、尼泊尔、老挝和中国等国家,在印度泰米尔纳德地区,由番石榴实蝇所造成的番石榴果实受害率高达60%~80%,其危害程度远远超过番石榴实蝇等实蝇类害虫。在中国分布于云南、广东、广西、台湾、海南、福建、贵州、以及四川等地,1996年只在云南和台湾出现,至今已经分布在多个省市。番石榴实蝇是水果、蔬菜生产的大敌之一,具有隐蔽性,寄主广,繁殖力强,适应性极强和为害严重等特点。该虫其要以幼虫为害,雌成虫在水果表皮内产卵,幼虫孵化后即在果内蛀食为害,受害的部分腐烂,后脱落,造成较严重的损失。番石榴实蝇成虫常在寄主叶片下聚集,产卵于果实内。幼虫蛀食果肉,同时引发真菌、霉菌侵染,使果实大面积腐烂和脱落。主要危害番石榴、芒果、樱桃、青枣、腰果、蒲桃、揽仁、人心果、莲雾等30个科,60余种经济水果寄主严重影响作物的产量和品质,尤其对桃、芒果等寄主为害最为严重,芒果被害率30%以上,个别品种甚至达到100%,杨桃和石榴的果实被害率分别达85%和5%~30%。
在国内,番石播实姆作为外来入侵物种于1996年首次在云南省元江县被记录,并在过去20年内不断蔓延,至2012年已在云南11个地区发现该种实蝇,逐渐成为本地害虫,导致当地水果产量严重受损,番石榴果实受害率可高达100%,青枣的为害率达47%。
番石榴实蝇成年雄虫对甲基丁香酚有很强的趋向性,对橙色和黄色也有一定趋向性。现有试验证实,采用橙黄色诱捕器比采用红、绿、白和黑色诱捕器可以捕到更多的番石榴实蝇,而甲基丁香酚对番石榴实蝇雄虫有较强的引诱效果。蛋白水解物虽然对实蝇雌、雄成虫都有引诱效果,但是诱虫量却有限,限制了该类引诱剂在生产实践中的推广应用。由于蛋白水解物在田间环境条件下易变质,也影响了其作用效果。现需要一种引诱效果好、成本低、持效长、能同时引诱雌雄成虫的引诱剂。
发明内容
基于背景技术存在的技术问题,本发明提出了一种番石榴实蝇引诱剂,引诱效果好,成本低,持效长,能同时引诱雌雄成虫。
本发明提出的一种番石榴实蝇引诱剂,其原料按重量百分比包括:
优选地,杀虫剂为敌百虫、氯氟氰菊酯、敌敌畏、敌杀死、乐果中的一种或两种以上组合物。
优选地,番石榴香精和甲基丁香酚的重量比为9-11:5-7。
优选地,防腐剂为山梨酸钾或苯甲酸钠或脱氢乙酸或乳酸钠。
优选地,其原料按重量百分比包括:
优选地,乳化剂为吐温-20、吐温-21、吐温-40、吐温-60、吐温-80、吐温-85中的一种或两种以上组合物。
优选地,水分调节剂为甘油或乳酸钠或山梨糖醇或尿素。
优选地,其原料按重量百分比包括:
本发明采用番石榴香精和甲基丁香酚配合作用,大大加强了对番石榴实蝇的引诱能力,通过乳化剂作用能溶解在水中,再通过防腐剂的作用,防止蛋白质水解物变质,从而达到持效时间长的目的。
具体实施方式
下面,通过具体实施例对本发明的技术方案进行详细说明。
实施例1
本发明提出的一种番石榴实蝇引诱剂,其原料按重量百分比包括:
实施例2
本发明提出的一种番石榴实蝇引诱剂,其原料按重量百分比包括:
实施例3
本发明提出的一种番石榴实蝇引诱剂,其原料按重量百分比包括:
实施例4
本发明提出的一种番石榴实蝇引诱剂,其原料按重量百分比包括:
实施例5
本发明提出的一种番石榴实蝇引诱剂,其原料按重量百分比包括:
采用本发明进行室内引诱实验和室外引诱实验,采用本发明的实施例5作为实验组,采用单独使用甲基丁香酚的配方作为对照组,对照组的配方如下:敌百虫15wt%,吐温-204wt%,山梨酸钾6wt%,甘油7wt%,甲基丁香酚6wt%,丙二醇11wt%,水51wt%。
室内引诱实验为:在室温条件下,在测试笼中放入番石榴实蝇成虫100只,雌雄比为1:1,不提供水和饲料18h,使番石榴实蝇成虫处于饥饿状态,在两个引诱瓶中分别加入实验组和对照组,放入养虫笼底部对角线位置,15min后对换位置,测试时间为30min,分别统计引诱瓶中番石榴实蝇成虫的雌雄成虫的数量,每个处理3次重复。所有供试成虫只使用1次,每次实验后用95%乙醇清洗引诱瓶。其中,
室外引诱实验为:在引诱瓶中分别加入实验组和对照组,并在引诱瓶上贴上标签。在试验地点,引诱瓶随机悬挂,各个引诱瓶间距15m,引诱瓶距离地面1.5m。每隔3天收集1次虫,以12d为一个周期,分别统计引诱瓶中番石榴实蝇的雌雄数量,并清除瓶内死虫。每个处理3次重复。
室内引诱实验的结果如下:
室外引诱实验的结果如下:
由上述两表格可以得出:在室内引诱实验中对于5-6日龄的番石榴实蝇和15-16日龄的番石榴实蝇,本发明对雌虫的引诱效果好,而且番石榴香精和甲基丁香酚的配合使用对雄虫的引诱有增效作用,对雄虫的引诱率均超过对照组,总引诱率也超过对照组;而在室外引诱实验中,在相同时间内本发明的引诱效果优于对照组,并且效果相对稳定,增强了对雌虫的诱杀效果。
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.一种番石榴实蝇引诱剂,其特征在于,其原料按重量百分比包括:
2.根据权利要求1所述番石榴实蝇引诱剂,其特征在于,杀虫剂为敌百虫、氯氟氰菊酯、敌敌畏、敌杀死、乐果中的一种或两种以上组合物。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述番石榴实蝇引诱剂,其特征在于,番石榴香精和甲基丁香酚的重量比为9-11:5-7。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述番石榴实蝇引诱剂,其特征在于,防腐剂为山梨酸钾或苯甲酸钠或脱氢乙酸或乳酸钠。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述番石榴实蝇引诱剂,其特征在于,其原料按重量百分比包括:
6.根据权利要求1-5任一项所述番石榴实蝇引诱剂,其特征在于,乳化剂为吐温-20、吐温-21、吐温-40、吐温-60、吐温-80、吐温-85中的一种或两种以上组合物。
7.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述番石榴实蝇引诱剂,其特征在于,水分调节剂为甘油或乳酸钠或山梨糖醇或尿素。
8.根据权利要求1-7任一项所述番石榴实蝇引诱剂,其特征在于,其原料按重量百分比包括:
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Cited By (2)
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CN104782584A (zh) * | 2015-05-07 | 2015-07-22 | 海南大学 | 一种芒果授粉蝇引蝇基质及其应用 |
CN105010440A (zh) * | 2015-08-20 | 2015-11-04 | 四川新致高生物科技有限公司 | 一种实蝇科昆虫信息素引诱剂及采用该引诱剂的诱杀剂 |
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Non-Patent Citations (2)
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太红坤,李正跃,蒋小龙,管云,周力斌,肖春: "甲基丁香酚与糖醋液对番石榴实蝇的引诱效果", 《昆虫知识》 * |
王波,韩英,黄居昌,陈家骅: "橘小实蝇植物源引诱活性物质的生物测定", 《应用昆虫学报》 * |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104782584A (zh) * | 2015-05-07 | 2015-07-22 | 海南大学 | 一种芒果授粉蝇引蝇基质及其应用 |
CN104782584B (zh) * | 2015-05-07 | 2019-05-10 | 海南大学 | 一种芒果授粉蝇引蝇基质及其应用 |
CN105010440A (zh) * | 2015-08-20 | 2015-11-04 | 四川新致高生物科技有限公司 | 一种实蝇科昆虫信息素引诱剂及采用该引诱剂的诱杀剂 |
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