CN104421370A - Damper - Google Patents
Damper Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104421370A CN104421370A CN201310364142.1A CN201310364142A CN104421370A CN 104421370 A CN104421370 A CN 104421370A CN 201310364142 A CN201310364142 A CN 201310364142A CN 104421370 A CN104421370 A CN 104421370A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- piston
- face
- ring
- gap
- damper
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
- F16F9/10—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using liquid only; using a fluid of which the nature is immaterial
- F16F9/14—Devices with one or more members, e.g. pistons, vanes, moving to and fro in chambers and using throttling effect
- F16F9/16—Devices with one or more members, e.g. pistons, vanes, moving to and fro in chambers and using throttling effect involving only straight-line movement of the effective parts
- F16F9/18—Devices with one or more members, e.g. pistons, vanes, moving to and fro in chambers and using throttling effect involving only straight-line movement of the effective parts with a closed cylinder and a piston separating two or more working spaces therein
- F16F9/19—Devices with one or more members, e.g. pistons, vanes, moving to and fro in chambers and using throttling effect involving only straight-line movement of the effective parts with a closed cylinder and a piston separating two or more working spaces therein with a single cylinder and of single-tube type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
- F16F9/32—Details
- F16F9/50—Special means providing automatic damping adjustment, i.e. self-adjustment of damping by particular sliding movements of a valve element, other than flexions or displacement of valve discs; Special means providing self-adjustment of spring characteristics
- F16F9/516—Special means providing automatic damping adjustment, i.e. self-adjustment of damping by particular sliding movements of a valve element, other than flexions or displacement of valve discs; Special means providing self-adjustment of spring characteristics resulting in the damping effects during contraction being different from the damping effects during extension, i.e. responsive to the direction of movement
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F13/00—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs
- F16F13/002—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising at least one fluid spring
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
- F16F9/32—Details
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
- F16F9/32—Details
- F16F9/34—Special valve constructions; Shape or construction of throttling passages
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
- F16F9/32—Details
- F16F9/36—Special sealings, including sealings or guides for piston-rods
- F16F9/368—Sealings in pistons
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid-Damping Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a damper. The damper comprises an external tube unit and a piston, wherein a storing space is formed in the external tube pipe; the piston unit comprises a piston, a piston rod and a ring, wherein the inner area of the storing space is divided into a liquid storing section and a second liquid storing section through the piston; the piston rod is in linkage combination with the piston; the ring movably sleeves the piston; the piston comprises a running channel, a first gap and a leaning ring surface, wherein liquid can run between the first liquid storing section and the second liquid storing section through the running channel; and the ring is pressed by leaning ring surface to close the first gap when the piston unit moves along an inward retracting unit. The damper has the advantages that the leaning ring surface of the piston is quickly separated from the ring when the piston unit moves along a protruding extending unit, and thereby, the first gap can be opened, and as a result, more force can be saved for the piston unit to protrude and extend.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of damper, particularly relate to one and be applicable to being installed on building, furniture or the traffic tool, and the damper of buffer function power is provided.
Background technique
Consult Fig. 1,2,3, existing damper 1 comprises one to be had an outer pipe sections 11, being installed in space 110 and this is installed in the separating element 12 that space 110 is separated into a liquid chamber 111 and a gas compartment 112, and telescopically is installed in the piston unit 13 on this outer pipe sections 11.This piston unit 13 comprises one and this liquid chamber 111 is divided into piston 131, piston rod 132 be combined linkedly with this piston 131 that first is held liquid section 113 and one second appearance liquid section 114, and a ring 133 be sleeved on movably on this piston 131.
This piston 131 has the trough wall surface 137 that this first this second 135, one, second gap holding liquid section 114 of 134, one, the first gap vicinity holding liquid section 113 of a vicinity defines an annular groove 136, and the runner 130 of this first gap 134 of connection and this second appearance liquid section 114.And this trough wall surface 137 has a upright ring portion 138 parallel with an inner peripheral surface 115 of this outer pipe sections 11, and one is radially held the plane ring portion 139 of horizontal-extending by this upright ring portion 138, and this ring 133 is arranged in this annular groove 136.
When the piston unit 13 of this damper 1 inside contracts state shown in Fig. 2, this piston unit 13 will inside contract direction 14 along one and move, now, this second liquid held in liquid section 114 will flow toward this first appearance liquid section 113, and push up on this ring 133, and make this ring 133 up and toward two side pressures, close the opening of this bottom, the first gap 134 simultaneously, now this second liquid held in liquid section 114 can only flow to the first gap 134 by this runner 130, flow to this first appearance liquid section 113 again, therefore resistance is larger.When this piston unit 13 moves along a projection direction 15 as shown in Figure 3, this first liquid held in liquid section 113 will flow toward this second appearance liquid section 114, relatively move down due to this ring 133 can be allowed when this piston 131 moves gradually, therefore this first liquid held in liquid section 113 can flow to this second appearance liquid section 114, to reach quick projection but the object of retracting of slowing down via this runner 130 and this second gap 135.
Although existing damper 1 can reach aforementioned object, when but this piston unit 13 will move toward this projection direction 15, due to both sides inside and outside this ring 133 be folded in upright ring portion 138 and this outer pipe sections 11 be arranged in parallel inner peripheral surface 115 between, therefore, the situation that this ring 133 will be broken away from by clamping needs the longer time, resistance when breaking away from is also larger, and therefore, the piston unit 13 of existing damper 1 compares effort when projection.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide and a kind ofly can reduce the resistance of piston unit when projection, to reach the damper of projection labor-saving effect.
Damper of the present invention comprises an outer pipe sections, and a piston unit, this outer pipe sections comprises a tube wall, and one defined by an inner peripheral surface of this tube wall be installed in space, and this piston unit comprise one this be installed in space region separate one first hold liquid section and one second hold liquid section piston, one with the piston rod that combines of this gas piston linkage ground, an and ring be sleeved on this piston.This piston have the assembling of this ring of confession annular groove, one can allow liquid this first hold liquid section and this second runner holding the intersegmental flowing of liquid, one be communicated with this annular groove and this first the first gap holding liquid section, and one when this piston unit position when inside contracting state, this ring is pressed to this tube wall and close this first gap lean to anchor ring.
Damper of the present invention, this piston also has one towards this first the first end face holding liquid section, and one with this first end surfaces and towards the second end face of this annular groove, and this runner runs through this first end face and this second end face.
Damper of the present invention, first gap of this piston is also close to the inner peripheral surface of this tube wall perpendicular to this first end face, and this piston also has this first gap of a vicinity and the 3rd end face between this first end face and this second end face, this leans to anchor ring and is connected between the 3rd end face and this second end face.
Damper of the present invention, this piston also has the bearing wall of this second appearance liquid section of a vicinity, and second gap between the inner peripheral surface of this bearing wall and this tube wall, this bearing wall has at least one scarce limit, and this annular groove is between this bearing wall and the 3rd end face.
Damper of the present invention, this outer pipe sections also comprises one and closes the end cap that this is installed in space, and this damper also comprises one is arranged on this and is installed in space and separating element between this piston and this end cap, this is installed in space and is separated into the liquid chamber that has this first appearance liquid section and this second appearance liquid section by this separating element, and a gas compartment, and comprise an elastic element shored in this gas compartment.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: because this piston unit position is when this projection state, the anchor ring that leans to of this piston can move rapidly and stop the compressing to this ring, therefore, position can enter this second appearance liquid section by this first gap and this runner rapidly at the liquid that first holds in liquid section, to reduce the resistance of this piston unit when projection, and make this piston unit more laborsaving when projection.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is a kind of assembled sectional view of existing damper;
Fig. 2 is a local assembled sectional view, and the situation of a piston unit position of this existing damper when one inside contracts state is described;
Fig. 3 is the local assembled sectional view of a similar Fig. 2, and the situation of the piston unit position of this damper when a projection state is described;
Fig. 4 is the assembled sectional view of first preferred embodiment of damper of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is a stereogram, and a piston of this first preferred embodiment is described;
Fig. 6 is one of this first preferred embodiment local assembled sectional view, and the situation of a piston unit position of this damper when one inside contracts state is described;
Fig. 7 is the local assembled sectional view of a similar Fig. 6, and the situation of this piston unit position when a projection state is described;
Fig. 8 is the assembled sectional view of second preferred embodiment of damper of the present invention, and in figure, the piston unit position of this damper inside contracts state at this;
Fig. 9 is the assembled sectional view of a similar Fig. 8, and in figure, this piston unit position is in this projection state.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in detail.
Consult Fig. 4,5,6,7, first preferred embodiment of damper of the present invention comprises: an outer pipe sections 2, is installed in the separating element 3 of this outer pipe sections 2 inside, and a piston unit 4.What this outer pipe sections 2 comprised that a tube wall 21, defines by an inner peripheral surface 211 of this tube wall 21 is installed in space 22, and one is closed the end cap 23 that this is installed in the opening on top, space 22.And this separating element 3 comprises the frontier fortress 31 of this end cap 23 of vicinity, and one and the spaced floating plug 32 of this frontier fortress 31, this floating plug 32 and this is installed in space 22 separate into one can the liquid chamber 221 of containing liquid, an and gas compartment 222 that can be installed in gas.
The piston unit 4 of the present embodiment comprises one and is contained in this liquid chamber 221 being installed in space 22 and piston 41, one end be positioned at below separating element 3 and passes this and be installed in space 22 and the piston rod 42 be combined linkedly with this piston 41, and a ring 43 be sleeved on this piston 41.This liquid chamber 221 is divided into one and is positioned at first of top and holds liquid section 223 by this piston 41, and one is positioned at second of below and holds liquid section 224.This piston 41 has first end face 411 towards this first appearance liquid section 223, an annular perpendicular to the first gap 412 of this first end face 411, an annular and with the second end face 413 of this first end face 411 parallel interval, this first gap 412 of vicinity the 3rd end face 414 between this first end face 411 and this second end face 413, one is connected to and leans to anchor ring 415 between the 3rd end face 414 and this second end face 413, one straight to the runner 40 running through this first end face 411 and this second end face 413, the bearing wall 416 of this second appearance liquid section 224 of vicinity, and an annular groove 417 between the 3rd end face 414 and this bearing wall 416, this bearing wall 416 has the scarce limit 418 of two positions at opposition side, and this piston 41 also has second gap 419 between the inner peripheral surface 211 of this bearing wall 416 and this tube wall 21.This runner 40 has the osculum section 401 of this first end face 411 of vicinity, and the large mouth section 402 of this second end face 413 of vicinity, and this ring 43 is installed in movably in the annular groove 417 of this piston 41.Wherein, this first gap 412 this tube wall 21 contiguous, and be communicated with this annular groove 417 and this first appearance liquid section 223.Be understandable that, implement process in, this scarce limit 418 is not limited to two that are set to opposition side, can arrange one or at least one.
The piston unit 4 of the damper of the present embodiment is when shown in Fig. 6 inside contracts state, this piston unit 4 inside contracts direction 44 along one and moves, now, 3rd end face 414 of the piston 41 moved down and this lean to anchor ring 415 and will press to this ring 43, and the inner peripheral surface 211 of this ring 43 toward this tube wall 21 is pressed against, finally close the opening of this bottom, the first gap 412, now, this ring 43 is in a retracted position, the liquid of position in this second appearance liquid section 224, this annular groove 417 can only be flow to by the second gap 419 of this piston 41 and scarce limit 418, this the first appearance liquid section 223 is entered through this runner 40 again by this annular groove 417.The liquid up pushed also can push this ring 43, and is pressed against the 3rd end face 414 of this piston 41 and this leans to the below of anchor ring 415, therefore liquid is slow by the speed of this piston 41, can produce larger resistance.
When the piston unit 4 of the damper of the present embodiment is in the projection state of shown in Fig. 7, this piston unit 4 will be given prominence to along a projection direction 45, and drive on this piston 41 and move, and the moment of moving on this piston 41, originally lean to by this piston 41 ring 43 that anchor ring 415 presses to the inner peripheral surface 211 of this tube wall 21, will remove and Rapid reset instantaneously because of throw-on pressure, and move down relative to this piston 41 and be positioned at a projecting positions, thus, position not only can enter this annular groove 417 via this runner 40 at this first liquid holding liquid section 223, flow to this by the scarce limit 418 of this piston 41 and the second gap 419 again and second hold liquid section 224, this first gap 412 also can be opened instantaneously, therefore the piston unit 4 of this damper in this projection state time, liquid can moment and quickly move through this piston 41, to reduce the resistance of this piston unit 4 when outstanding fast, more labour-saving object when simultaneously reaching projection.
Consult Fig. 8,9, structure and first preferred embodiment of second preferred embodiment of damper of the present invention are similar, different places is: this separating element 3 comprises the spring seat 33 of a floating plug 32, this floating plug 32 of vicinity, and the elastic element 34 between an end cap 23 shoring i.e. this spring seat 33 and this outer pipe sections 2 in this gas compartment 222.When this damper piston unit 4 shown in Fig. 8 inside contract state time, this piston unit 4 will move down, this ring 43 is made to be in retracted position, position can squeeze toward this first appearance liquid section 223 at this second liquid held in liquid section 224, meanwhile, compress this elastic element 34 and accumulate reaction force.Contrary, when projection state at Fig. 9 of the piston unit 4 of this damper, this piston unit 4 will project upwards, this ring 43 is made to be in projecting positions, except be positioned at this first hold liquid section 223 liquid can in the past this second hold liquid section 224 and squeezed except, originally the elastic force of accumulation also can be disengaged by the elastic element 34 compressed, assist to press to this second appearance liquid section 224 by being positioned at this first liquid holding liquid section 223, therefore, this piston unit 4 can projection more quickly, to reach projection more labour-saving effect.
Claims (5)
1. a damper, comprise: an outer pipe sections, and a piston unit, this outer pipe sections comprises a tube wall, and one defined by an inner peripheral surface of this tube wall be installed in space, and this piston unit comprises one at this and is installed in space region and separates one first piston holding liquid section and second and hold liquid section, a piston rod combined with this gas piston linkage ground, and a ring be sleeved on this piston, this piston has the annular groove of this ring of confession assembling, one can allow liquid first hold liquid section and this second runner holding liquid intersegmental flowing at this, and the first gap of this annular groove of connection and this first appearance liquid section, it is characterized in that:
This piston also have one when this piston unit position when inside contracting state, this ring is pressed to this tube wall and close this first gap lean to anchor ring.
2. damper according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: this piston also has first end face towards this first appearance liquid section, and one with this first end surfaces and towards the second end face of this annular groove, and this runner runs through this first end face and this second end face.
3. damper according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the first gap of this piston is also close to the inner peripheral surface of this tube wall perpendicular to this first end face, and this piston also has this first gap of a vicinity and the 3rd end face between this first end face and this second end face, this leans to anchor ring and is connected between the 3rd end face and this second end face.
4. damper according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: this piston also has the bearing wall of this second appearance liquid section of a vicinity, and second gap between the inner peripheral surface of this bearing wall and this tube wall, this bearing wall has at least one scarce limit, and this annular groove is between this bearing wall and the 3rd end face.
5. damper according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: this outer pipe sections also comprises one and closes the end cap that this is installed in space, and this damper also comprises one is arranged on this and is installed in space and separating element between this piston and this end cap, this is installed in space and is separated into the liquid chamber that has this first appearance liquid section and this second appearance liquid section by this separating element, and a gas compartment, and comprise an elastic element shored in this gas compartment.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310364142.1A CN104421370A (en) | 2013-08-19 | 2013-08-19 | Damper |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310364142.1A CN104421370A (en) | 2013-08-19 | 2013-08-19 | Damper |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104421370A true CN104421370A (en) | 2015-03-18 |
Family
ID=52971201
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310364142.1A Pending CN104421370A (en) | 2013-08-19 | 2013-08-19 | Damper |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN104421370A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105889394A (en) * | 2015-02-17 | 2016-08-24 | 吴宗信 | Damper |
| GB2616911A (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2023-09-27 | Titus D O O Dekani | Damper with tiered response |
Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3143757A (en) * | 1961-05-12 | 1964-08-11 | Ideal Brass Works Inc | Hydraulic door closer |
| FR1504777A (en) * | 1966-10-27 | 1967-12-08 | Braking device of a piston in a cylinder | |
| CN201093027Y (en) * | 2007-12-03 | 2008-07-30 | 许少辉 | Hydraulic cylinder |
| US20110278117A1 (en) * | 2009-07-23 | 2011-11-17 | Chung-Hsing Wu | Hydraulic damper device for retarding movement of a movable member toward a stationary member |
| CN202056240U (en) * | 2011-01-24 | 2011-11-30 | 东莞市博锐特五金塑胶制品有限公司 | Buffering speed changing device |
| CN102575739A (en) * | 2009-10-14 | 2012-07-11 | 卡欧特欧自动化工程有限公司 | Linear shock absorber |
| EP2546443A1 (en) * | 2010-03-12 | 2013-01-16 | Moonju Hardware Co., Ltd. | Door damper buffer |
| CN202719067U (en) * | 2012-07-31 | 2013-02-06 | 常州气弹簧有限公司 | Stepless speed regulation air spring |
| CN202831960U (en) * | 2012-06-18 | 2013-03-27 | 沈秋庆 | Damping buffer |
| CN203431085U (en) * | 2013-08-19 | 2014-02-12 | 吴宗信 | Damper |
-
2013
- 2013-08-19 CN CN201310364142.1A patent/CN104421370A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3143757A (en) * | 1961-05-12 | 1964-08-11 | Ideal Brass Works Inc | Hydraulic door closer |
| FR1504777A (en) * | 1966-10-27 | 1967-12-08 | Braking device of a piston in a cylinder | |
| CN201093027Y (en) * | 2007-12-03 | 2008-07-30 | 许少辉 | Hydraulic cylinder |
| US20110278117A1 (en) * | 2009-07-23 | 2011-11-17 | Chung-Hsing Wu | Hydraulic damper device for retarding movement of a movable member toward a stationary member |
| CN102575739A (en) * | 2009-10-14 | 2012-07-11 | 卡欧特欧自动化工程有限公司 | Linear shock absorber |
| EP2546443A1 (en) * | 2010-03-12 | 2013-01-16 | Moonju Hardware Co., Ltd. | Door damper buffer |
| CN202056240U (en) * | 2011-01-24 | 2011-11-30 | 东莞市博锐特五金塑胶制品有限公司 | Buffering speed changing device |
| CN202831960U (en) * | 2012-06-18 | 2013-03-27 | 沈秋庆 | Damping buffer |
| CN202719067U (en) * | 2012-07-31 | 2013-02-06 | 常州气弹簧有限公司 | Stepless speed regulation air spring |
| CN203431085U (en) * | 2013-08-19 | 2014-02-12 | 吴宗信 | Damper |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105889394A (en) * | 2015-02-17 | 2016-08-24 | 吴宗信 | Damper |
| GB2616911A (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2023-09-27 | Titus D O O Dekani | Damper with tiered response |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20150318 |