CN104417290A - Automobile passive tire pressure monitoring instrument - Google Patents
Automobile passive tire pressure monitoring instrument Download PDFInfo
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- CN104417290A CN104417290A CN201310400536.8A CN201310400536A CN104417290A CN 104417290 A CN104417290 A CN 104417290A CN 201310400536 A CN201310400536 A CN 201310400536A CN 104417290 A CN104417290 A CN 104417290A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a passive automobile tire pressure monitoring instrument based on piezoelectric self power generation. The passive automobile tire pressure monitoring instrument is characterized in that a piezoelectric energy collecting module adopts a modularized integrated unit circuit mode, a bridge rectifier circuit, a capacitor filtering energy accumulation circuit, a voltage stabilizing circuit and a DC-DC unit circuit are integrated inside the piezoelectric energy collecting module, and a power supply monitoring and managing system comprises a control switch, a power status monitoring chip and a microprocessor control unit; a piezoelectric vibration self power generation device utilizes vibration and extrusion of external environment to generate alternating current electric energy, the alternating current electric energy is subjected to rectification, filtering, voltage stabilization and DC-DC voltage change inside the piezoelectric energy collecting module, is stored by an electrical energy storage device, and then is supplied to a tire pressure sensor and a tire pressure signal transmitting module. The power supply monitoring and managing system is arranged for improving the working reliability of the system, the problems of power supply and management of the tire pressure sensor and the tire pressure signal transmitting module are effectively solved, the working reliability of the system is improved and the passive automobile tire pressure monitoring instrument has energy-saving and environment-friendly effects.
Description
Technical field
Patent of the present invention relates to vehicle electric field, is specifically related to the passive monitor of vehicle tire pressure based on piezoelectric self electricity.
Background technology
Involved by patent of the present invention is the automotive safety electronic product that abroad the 3rd is made laws after anti-lock braking system (ABS), safety air bag.The traffic accident accident caused by blowing out at present occupies the freeway accident accident umber one, blows out and becomes one of arteries of communication killer.As " jinx " that blow out, TPMS (system for monitoring pressure in tyre), by the real-time automatic monitoring of vehicle tyre pressure in travelling, reports to the police to the tire of pressure abnormity timely and accurately, and then prevention to lose control of one's vehicle and blow out.It is reported, the TPMS standard formulated by national Automotive Standardization Technical Committee the end of the year in 2013 is expected to put into effect, and this, concerning China TPMS industry, will bring huge opportunity to develop.
At present, in the direct tire pressure monitoring system that automobile uses, tire pressure monitoring sensor circuit is all provide electricity by the battery of low capacity, little and the battery altering restriction not easily by battery capacity, there is a lot of inconvenient part in automobile direct tire pressure monitoring system in actual applications.Along with the development of Eltec, the new ambient vibration energy-piezo-electric generating energy arises at the historic moment.Because piezoelectric self electric energy device is relative to other miniature power generating devices, there is structure simple, do not generate heat, without advantages such as electromagnetic interference, therefore piezoelectric self electric installation is widely used in different field, thus the focus become in self-power supply system field of research, the passive monitor of the vehicle tire pressure based on piezoelectric self electricity that patent of the present invention relates to have employed the mode that piezoelectric material vibration is powered, solve the industry general character difficult problem that current tire inner sensor and wireless launcher are not easily powered, it is little that the product comparing this Project-developing with like product has volume, lightweight, long service life, stability and reliability strong, non-environmental-pollution during use, to economizing on resources and the energy, minimizing environmental pollution, promotes that China's recycling economy development has meaning of crucial importance.Product, as emerging vehicle electronics product, can be widely used in auto trade, has wide market outlook and good economic benefit and social benefit.
Summary of the invention
Patent of the present invention technical matters to be solved is: the industry general character difficult problem that automobile tire inner sensor and wireless launcher are not easily powered, and provides the solution that a kind of vehicle tire pressure passive based on piezoelectric self electricity is monitored.
Patent of the present invention solves its technical matters and adopts following technical scheme:
Piezoelectric energy acquisition technique, energy storing technology and power management techniques organically combine by patent of the present invention, and be designed to the technical scheme of transformation of energy, storage device and energy management, and be applied to the power supply of automobile tire inner sensor and wireless launcher, therefore, following advantage is compared with prior art mainly contained:
One. establish the clean energy resource of sustainable use: owing to have employed the technical scheme that piezoelectric vibration can be powered, institute thinks that sustainable utilization clean energy resource opens an effective passage.
They are two years old. and solve the problem of energy shortage: owing to establishing the clean energy resource of sustainable use, the requirement making sensor and tire pressure wireless transmitter module stablize continued power is met, thus can guarantee that whole system is normally run.
They are three years old. and convenient management: owing to establishing the clean energy resource of sustainable use, makes sensor and tire pressure wireless transmitter module energy power supply management problem become simple, easily operates.
They are four years old. improve the reliability of system works.
The problem that patent of the present invention is monitored mainly for vehicle tire pressure passive designs, and utilizes piezoelectric ceramic to vibrate and provides electric energy, solve tyre pressure sensor and transmitter module continued power problem.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of patent overall structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the scheme of installation of piezoelectric self electric oscillation power generation assembly
Fig. 3 is that piezoelectric energy collection module exports 3.3V voltage typical circuit.
Fig. 4 is the pinouts of SP12.
Fig. 5 is microprocessor control unit schematic circuit diagram.
Fig. 6 is pressure sensor data acquisition module hardware circuit diagram.
Fig. 7 is wireless transmitter module and microcontroller hardware circuit diagram.
Fig. 8 is chip monitoring and master cock schematic circuit diagram.
In figure: 1. piezoelectric self electric oscillation power generation assembly; 2. piezoelectric energy collection module; 3. electrical power storage and electric supply installation; 5. tire pressure signal transducer; 6. tire pressure signal emission module; 7. master cock; 8. power supply status chip monitoring; 9. microprocessor control unit.
Detailed description of the invention
The passive monitor of the vehicle tire pressure based on piezoelectric self electricity that patent of the present invention provides, its structure as shown in Figures 1 to 8: be made up of with the first master cock S1 be connected successively, tire pressure signal transducer and the second master cock S2, tire pressure signal emission module and the power supply status chip monitoring that are connected successively with electrical power storage and electric supply installation and microprocessor control unit the piezoelectric self electric oscillation power generation assembly, piezoelectric energy collection module, electrical power storage and the electric supply installation that are connected successively.Wherein, piezoelectric self electric oscillation power generation assembly and piezoelectric energy collection module, piezoelectric energy collection module is connected with electrical power storage and electric supply installation, and electrical power storage and electric supply installation are connected with microprocessor control unit successively with power supply status chip monitoring; Be connected with tire pressure signal transducer after electrical power storage and electric supply installation are connected with the first master cock, electrical power storage and electric supply installation are connected with tire pressure signal emission module after being connected with the second master cock simultaneously, and the first master cock and the second master cock are all connected with microprocessor control unit; The mouth of tire pressure signal transducer is connected with tire pressure signal emission module, and tire pressure signal emission module is connected with microprocessor control unit.
The features such as described 2 master cock S1, that S2 has via resistance is little, and input voltage range is large, low in energy consumption, therefore can adopt cmos switch.
Described piezoelectric self electric oscillation power generation assembly is in the selection of piezoceramic generator unit, and piezoceramic should have and good accepts performance, even if mechanical energy is converted to electric energy.During design piezoelectric self electric unit, piezoceramic should have that electromechanical coupling factor K is large, mechanic quality factor is greater than 500, relative dielectric constant ε is less than 1500, piezoelectric strain constant d is little, piezoelectric voltage constant g is high, temperature Tc is in characteristics such as working temperature range are outer.Motor tire is provided with two kinds of modes: this supply module is embedded into inside tires by (1), relies on the pressure distortion of running car that piezoelectric patches is generated electricity; (2) be fixed on wheel hub by supply module, piezoelectric vibrator is by the vibration that produces in vehicle traveling process and force of inertia forced vibration generating.The replacing of the first scheme module in the process implemented, install all inconvenient, usual piezoelectric patches all at the very thin metal decking of plated surface, thus can affect the elasticity of material for convenience of extraction electrode.But the mode that the deformation of this dependence tire pressure makes oscillator deformation generate electricity, very high to the flexibility requirements of piezoelectric vibrator, the excessive situation material of pressure may be destroyed.Relative to the first scheme, first scheme overcomes the deficiency existed in the first scheme.The scheme of installation of piezoelectric self electric oscillation power generation assembly as shown in Figure 2.
As shown in Figure 3, inside comprises bridge rectifier circuit, capacitor filtering energy storage circuit, zener diode and DC-DC converting means to described piezoelectric energy collection module LTC3588-1 structure.When piezoceramic generator unit creates electric charge under the vibration of external environment or extrusion, its alternating-current voltage/AC voltage exported obtains vdc through inner integrated bridge rectifier circuit, capacitor filtering energy storage circuit and the zener diode of piezoelectric energy collection module, this vdc is supplied to the voltage input end of DC-DC converting means, by regulating the mode of operation of DC-DC converting means.Because the CPU in microprocessor control unit have employed the microprocessor of 16 bit chip MSP430 series monolithic of super low-power consumption, power supply voltage is 3.3V, so connect circuit form to have selected output 3.3V voltage typical circuit.
Described main energy storage and electric supply installation can adopt super capacitor, the charging and discharging of super capacitor is realized by the ion motion in battery acid, this energy storage process and battery technology based on chemical reaction process compared with, without any combination or the disconnection of chemical bond.Prove after 1000000 charge and discharge cycle that the cycle life of super capacitor reduces very faint.In addition, super capacitor is by the electrolyte work in polarization high specific surface area electrode, and the characteristic of electrolyte, electrode and insolated layer materials determines the capacitance performance of super capacitor.Electrode and the little charged ion of its face area determine high capacitance, and efficient electrolyte, isolation layer and material, and technological design determines low impedance.
During concrete enforcement, super capacitor model can be selected according to piezo-electric generating unit generating capacity size, and requirement can catch the energy of piezoelectric self electric unit, powers to wireless sensor network node.Super capacitor also has the advantage of its uniqueness, and main manifestations is that volume is little, and capacity is large, larger than same volume chemical capacitor capacity 30 ~ 40 times of capacitance; Charging rate is fast, reaches 95% of rated capacity in 10 seconds; Charging and discharging capabilities is strong; Lost efficacy open circuit, and over voltage does not puncture, safe and reliable; Extra long life, is more than 400,000 hours; Discharge and recharge circuit is simple, without the need to the charge circuit that rechargeable battery is such, really non-maintaining; Voltage range is 2.7V to 12.0V; Range of capacity is 0.1F to 1000F.Therefore in conjunction with native system demand, the super capacitor of 0.1F/5.5V has been selected
As shown in Figure 3: when outer bound pair piezoelectric self electric unit carries out exciting, ceramic vibrator flexural deformation, from direct piezoelectric effect, piezoceramic exports alternation electric charge, after alternating current is collected by piezoelectric energy collection module, directly be stored in super capacitor, the modules being system after power-supply management system monitoring when the full electricity of super capacitor storage is powered.
Automobile tire pressure sensor SP12 sensor involved by this patent is the device towards Tire Pressure Monitoring System that company of Infineon releases.It is a kind of intelligent piezo resistance sensor of multifunctional unit, can at the range test of 100Kpa-450Kpa.The signal such as energy collection wheel air pressure, temperature, acceleration/accel, chip power supply voltage in vehicle traveling process, and can auto-compensation take off data.And built-in clock circuit, can periodically export reset signal and wake-up signal.Based on these features of SP12, TPMS system not only can Real-Time Monitoring tire pressure signal, and the functions such as warnings such as can also realizing timing wake-up, start timing reset micro controller system, be under-voltage, reduce the power consumption of transmitter module, raising system safety.Its pinouts as shown in Figure 4.
The microprocessor control unit circuit that patent of the present invention provides, is made up of (Fig. 5) microprocessor controller and peripheral circuit.Wherein: microprocessor controller can adopt MSP430F12X2 series monolithic, MSP430F12X2 series monolithic has the development scheme of peripheral module and convenience and high-efficiency on extremely low power consumption, powerful processing capacity, abundant sheet.What the present embodiment mainly adopted is MSP430F1222 micro controller system, this model chip can be operated in 1.8V-3.6V wide-voltage range, power consumption is very low, during operation 2.2V/1MHz, working current is only 200 μ A, and in the hibernation mode, electric current is low to moderate 0.1 μ A especially, therefore can adopt lithium battery power supply; Embedded, with 10-Bit, 200-ksps A/D converter of internal reference source and sampling hold circuit, can be directly used in collection of simulant signal; Embedded 4KB+256B FLASH program store and 256B data memory, be applicable to using C language coding.
The frequency of operation of micro controller system is very large on the impact of power consumption, and frequency is higher, and power consumption is larger.MSP430F12X2 series monolithic has three kinds of clock generation mode, i.e. external 8MHz crystal, external crystal and employing capacitance-resistance resonator.Consider the precision reducing power consumption and guarantee time meter, the present embodiment adopts the external crystal of 32kHz, as the major clock that program is run, simultaneously also for time meter provides clock source.This micro controller system adopts jtag interface to carry out download program and on-line debugging, and do not need purchasing procedure downloader and emulator, cost of development is very cheap.Due to the reliable and stable and built in hardware house dog of chip performance, therefore reset circuit adopts rc reset circuit with low cost.
As shown in Figure 6, the pin WAKEUP of SP12 is connected with the external interrupt input end of micro controller system MSP430F1232, because P1, P2 mouth not only has I/O function, be also used as external interrupt by software design patterns, what select here is that P2.0 pin meets WAKEUP.The RESET pin of SP12 is connected with the reseting pin RST/NMI of micro controller system.SP12 employs four I/O mouths of MSP430F1232, and chip selection signal delivery port NCS, data output SDO, data input port SDI, communication synchronization signal output connect SCK P2.2, P3.0, P3.1, P3.2 respectively.
As shown in Figure 7, what transmitter unit adopted is 2.4GHz radio transmitting and receiving chip nRF24L01 module, and Embedded has RF amplifier, digital interface, local oscillator and the circuit such as frequency mixer and modulator/demodulator, and peripheral cell is fewer.Transmission circuit is very simple, and operating voltage reaches and just can normally work.The interface of nRF2401 employs 6 I/O mouths of MSP430F1232.It is also adopt SPI protocol that the signal of nRF2401 and micro controller system transmits, and wherein MSP430F1232 micro controller system is set to as main frame, nRF2401 mould
Block is from machine, the function of being launched by software simulating data wireless.The connection mode of nRF2401 and MSP430F1232 as shown in Figure 7.The enable control signal CE pin of nRF24L01 is connected the P1.2 of micro controller system; The CSN pin controlling serial communication connects P1.1 mouth; The SCK pin of serial clock is connected with P1.0; Numeral input port MOSI pin is connected with P2.4; Digital output MISO connects P2.3.P1.3 mouth is connected with the IRQ pin of nRF24L01; Under the control of CE and CSN signal, the I/O mouth that micro controller system is connected with MOSI pin sends concrete control command to nRF24L01, and the I/O mouth be then connected by MISO pin returns to MCU.In order to ensure high efficiency and the real-time of system, by software by under allowing nRF24L01 be set to be operated in the ShockBrust pattern of enhancement mode, and to arrange P1.3 mouth be external interrupt mouth, now, chip carries out process and the transmission of signal by interrupt mode notice micro controller system.In whole detection module system, the power consumption of radio-frequency module is maximum, and therefore from the angle reducing power consumption, mode of operation answers strict control, and by electric power management circuit, being in dormancy in system is cut off the electricity supply.
The following stated power management and monitoring system are the keys of patent of the present invention, this system to energy closed-center system and and electric supply installation collect electricity carry out Real-Time Monitoring, monitoring parameter is through microprocessor control unit collection and process, according to monitoring result, select corresponding master cock, realize the reliable power supply to tire pressure signal transducer and tire pressure signal emission module.Chip monitoring MAXICL7665 and DS2438 (Fig. 8) is provided with in this system.
Described chip monitoring MAXICL7665 is a kind of low-power chip voltage at super capacitor two ends being carried out to Real-Time Monitoring, and this chip can well be monitored main energy storage and electric supply installation.This chip operating voltage grade is 1.6V-16V, and there are two comparators its inside.In the peripheral circuit of ICL7665, the selection of resistance R7, R8, R9, R10 is determined by the upper limit threshold voltage VH at super capacitor two ends and lower threshold voltage VL, and the order of magnitude as far as possible to get kilo-ohm, to make the power of its loss little.VH and VL can according to loaded work piece situation sets itself.When the voltage of SET1 pin is greater than 1.3V, SET2 pin be less than 1.3V time, OUT1 and OUT2 all exports high level; When the voltage of SET1 pin is greater than 1.3V, SET2 pin be greater than 1.3V time, OUT1 exports high level, OUT2 output low level; When the voltage of SET1 pin is less than 1.3V, SET2 pin be less than 1.3V time, OUT1 output low level, OUT2 exports high level; When the voltage of SET1 pin is less than 1.3V, SET2 pin be greater than 1.3V time, the equal output low level of OUT1 and OUT2, and now OUT1 with OUT2 is connected with two input ports P2.1, P2.2 of micro-processing and control element (PCE).
The working process of patent of the present invention is: the electric energy that piezoelectric vibration power generation unit utilizes direct piezoelectric effect to become to exchange by the changes mechanical energy vibrated in environment, and this electric energy, after piezoelectric energy collection module is collected, becomes galvanic current pressure.Under opening situation, switch S 1 (the first master cock) disconnects, and switch S 2 (the second master cock) disconnects, and is namely stored by super capacitor to this direct current (DC) when load power down.Now, the power supply voltage VDD of ICL7665 chip monitoring to super capacitor monitors, and two output pins of ICL7665 chip are connected with the P2.1 mouth of MSP430F1222 and P2.2 mouth.8 input control signal ports of two master cocies are connected with 8 I/O ports of micro controller system MSP430F1222.Micro controller system gathers the output data of ICL7665 chip, and when the voltage at super capacitor two ends is at the threshold value VH set, Single-chip Controlling switch S 1, S2 all connect, and S3 connects, and S4 disconnects, and is powered to pressure sensor and wireless transmitter module by super capacitor; As the voltage VDD out of reach threshold value VH at super capacitor two ends, Single-chip Controlling switch S 1, S2 disconnect, and produced charge to super capacitor with harvester by external energy.This working process circulates successively.
Claims (6)
1., based on the passive monitor of vehicle tire pressure of piezoelectric vibration self power generation, it is characterized in that have employed piezoelectric vibrator vibrating power-generation.
2. the passive monitor of the vehicle tire pressure based on piezoelectric self electricity according to claim 1, is characterized in that have employed the integrated energy collection module LTC3588-1 being applicable to applying to piezoelectric energy-conversion device.
3. the passive monitor of the vehicle tire pressure based on piezoelectric vibration self power generation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the tire pressure signal transducer (5) that system adopts, what select is the device SP12 sensor towards Tire Pressure Monitoring System that company of Infineon releases.
4. the passive monitor of the vehicle tire pressure based on piezoelectric vibration self power generation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the CPU of the microprocessor control unit in power-supply management system, have employed the microprocessor of 16 bit chip MSP430 series monolithic of super low-power consumption, and by the monitoring state of power monitoring chip (8) to energy storage and electric supply installation (3).
5. the passive monitor of the vehicle tire pressure based on piezoelectric vibration self power generation according to claim 1, is characterized in that energy storage and electric supply installation (3) adopt super capacitor.
6. the passive monitor of the vehicle tire pressure based on piezoelectric vibration self power generation according to claim 1, is characterized in that tire pressure transmitter module selects chip nRF24L01 that is highly integrated, super low-power consumption.
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105672095A (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2016-06-15 | 陕西师范大学 | Piezoelectric film type pavement snow-melting and deicing device |
| CN106597914A (en) * | 2016-06-01 | 2017-04-26 | 成都为远信安电子科技有限公司 | Automotive tire pressure monitoring sensor control chip with energy collection function |
| CN106945473A (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2017-07-14 | 湖北文理学院 | Centrifugal force magneto-electric tire pressure detects circuit electric supply installation |
| CN107910935A (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2018-04-13 | 河南师范大学 | A kind of self-driven energy supplying system and method based on piezoelectric motor |
| CN108001130A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-05-08 | 惠州市桑莱士智能科技股份有限公司 | The power-saving method of on-off circuit, tire pressure monitoring system and tire pressure monitoring system |
| WO2018214601A1 (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2018-11-29 | 山东玲珑轮胎股份有限公司 | Intelligent tire |
| CN112373251A (en) * | 2020-11-17 | 2021-02-19 | 美新半导体(天津)有限公司 | Battery-free tire pressure monitoring circuit, monitoring system and monitoring method |
-
2013
- 2013-09-06 CN CN201310400536.8A patent/CN104417290A/en active Pending
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105672095A (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2016-06-15 | 陕西师范大学 | Piezoelectric film type pavement snow-melting and deicing device |
| CN106597914A (en) * | 2016-06-01 | 2017-04-26 | 成都为远信安电子科技有限公司 | Automotive tire pressure monitoring sensor control chip with energy collection function |
| CN106945473A (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2017-07-14 | 湖北文理学院 | Centrifugal force magneto-electric tire pressure detects circuit electric supply installation |
| WO2018214601A1 (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2018-11-29 | 山东玲珑轮胎股份有限公司 | Intelligent tire |
| US11548329B2 (en) | 2017-05-23 | 2023-01-10 | Shandong Linglong Tyre Co., Ltd. | Intelligent tire |
| CN108001130A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-05-08 | 惠州市桑莱士智能科技股份有限公司 | The power-saving method of on-off circuit, tire pressure monitoring system and tire pressure monitoring system |
| CN108001130B (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2021-01-15 | 惠州市桑莱士智能科技股份有限公司 | Switching circuit, tire pressure monitoring system and electricity saving method of tire pressure monitoring system |
| CN107910935A (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2018-04-13 | 河南师范大学 | A kind of self-driven energy supplying system and method based on piezoelectric motor |
| CN107910935B (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2023-08-15 | 河南师范大学 | Self-driven energy supply system and method based on piezoelectric motor |
| CN112373251A (en) * | 2020-11-17 | 2021-02-19 | 美新半导体(天津)有限公司 | Battery-free tire pressure monitoring circuit, monitoring system and monitoring method |
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Application publication date: 20150318 |