CN104409852B - Fixed frequency scanning leaky-wave antenna based on liquid crystal material - Google Patents
Fixed frequency scanning leaky-wave antenna based on liquid crystal material Download PDFInfo
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- CN104409852B CN104409852B CN201410827382.5A CN201410827382A CN104409852B CN 104409852 B CN104409852 B CN 104409852B CN 201410827382 A CN201410827382 A CN 201410827382A CN 104409852 B CN104409852 B CN 104409852B
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Abstract
The invention provides a fixed frequency scanning leaky-wave antenna based on a liquid crystal material, and relates to a fixed frequency scanning leaky-wave antenna, which aims to meet the requirements on the leaky-wave antenna with excellent electric tuning performances and a simple electric control mechanism. According to the fixed frequency scanning leaky-wave antenna, a micro-strip-like line structure is adopted for a leaky-wave antenna main body, and the two ends of the leaky-wave antenna main body are gradually-changed line matching circuits. Interdigitating structures and grounding metal through holes are adopted for a radiation main body, so that needed series capacitor and shunt inductors are realized; and a liquid crystal is filled into a gap between the interdigitating structures. The interdigitating structure located at the outer side is separated from an inner side part by the gap and the gap is used for isolating direct current and bias voltage and is also one part of an interdigitating capacitor. The bias voltage is applied to a shutter island formed by the interdigitating structure at the outer side, and the deflection of liquid crystal molecules located between the interdigitating structures is adjusted by a potential difference formed between the interdigitating structure at the outer side and the interdigitating structure at the inner side, so that relative dielectric constants of the liquid crystal material are controlled; and finally, a wave beam scanning angle of the leaky-wave antenna is controlled. The fixed frequency scanning leaky-wave antenna based on the liquid crystal material is applicable to the field using an electric control scanning antenna.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fixed frequency scanning leaky-wave antenna.
Background technology
Leaky-wave antenna is as a kind of traditional automatically controlled scanning antenna due to being subject to extensive green grass or young crops with very high radiation efficiency
Look at.In microwave and millimeter wave band, leaky-wave antenna can play good effect.But leaky-wave antenna can only be by changing work
Working frequency come realize directional diagram scan, it is impossible to realize under certain fixed frequency directional diagram scanning, so as to limit leaky wave day
The range of application of line.
In Modern Communication System, antenna radiation pattern to determine frequency scan capability extremely important, constitute can system and obtain
Greatly simplify.Therefore, in recent years, people are keen to possess leaky-wave antenna determine frequency scan capability, so that existing automatically controlled scanning
The radiation efficiency level of antenna is improved.There are two class methods realize that the frequency of determining of leaky-wave antenna is scanned at present.
First kind method is that electric control element (such as two pole of PIN diode or transfiguration is periodically loaded in leaky-wave antenna
Pipe) come realize leaky-wave antenna determine frequency scanning.PIN diode has good isolation and on state characteristic in superhigh frequency band,
Therefore become one of the most commonly used device in reconfigurable antenna field.For the environment for only needing to switch two states, PIN bis-
Pole pipe has very high cost performance.Varactor as voltage-controlled electric elements, with the ability for continuously adjusting such that it is able to real
Show continuously adjusting for physical parameter.But based on above-mentioned electric control element determine frequency scanning leaky-wave antenna can receive component encapsulation parameter
Affect and can only operate on lower frequency, as the characteristic of frequency leaky-wave antenna drastically deteriorates.In addition, MEMS radio frequency electric capacity
Once it was introduced in the design for determining frequency scanning leaky-wave antenna.Although this leaky-wave antenna based on MEMS radio frequency electric capacity can work
In upper frequency, but as which is in the nature frame for movement, therefore mechanical fatigue becomes obstruction its wide variety of obstacle.
This automatically controlled material of liquid crystal material solves these problems in the introducing of microwave section, and its automatically controlled characteristic principle is derived from material
The molecule of material itself points to skew, therefore which in microwave, Terahertz even optical frequency all has good physical characteristics.But liquid crystal
Material non-easy processing due to its special state of matter, therefore weight is extremely closed during good electrical control mechanism becomes tunable antenna design
The part wanted, but it is theoretical not high with the Maturity of technology in this regard, and corresponding method for designing is also extremely short of.
The content of the invention
The present invention be for the demand for adapting to the leaky-wave antenna to having outstanding electric tuning performance and simple electrical control mechanism concurrently, from
And a kind of frequency of determining based on liquid crystal material is provided and scans leaky-wave antenna.
Leaky-wave antenna is scanned based on the frequency of determining of liquid crystal material, it includes medium cover plate 1-1, transmission and leaky wave structure 1-2, is situated between
Matter substrate 1-3 and metal floor 1-4；
The medium cover plate 1-1, transmission and leaky wave structure 1-2, medium substrate 1-3 and metal floor 1-4 from top to bottom group
Into four-layer structure；Liquid crystal is packaged between medium cover plate 1-1 and transmission and leaky wave structure 1-2；
Transmission and leaky wave structure 1-2 include two 50 ohm microstrips, 1, two trapezoidal match circuits 2, and antenna body with wide
Conduction band 9 and 2N between the microstrip line 3, unit of degree is inserted and refers to capacitor cell, and N is positive integer；
The wide end of two trapezoidal match circuits 2 is connected with the two ends of microstrip line 3 respectively；Two 50 ohm microstrips 1 respectively with
The narrow end connection of two trapezoidal match circuits 2；
Insert for 2N and refer to that capacitor cell is arranged on microstrip line 3, and each two inserts finger capacitor cell along the horizontal stroke of microstrip line 3
It is symmetrical to centrage；Two symmetrical slotting fingers are connected by conduction band 4 between capacitor cell, and finger electricity is inserted in both sides by the conduction band 4
Hold and constitute antenna ends path；
The two neighboring slotting conduction band 9 for referring to that capacitor cell passes through between unit connects；Leading between two neighboring slotting finger capacitor cell
M metallic ground through hole is provided with uniformly on band 9；M is positive integer；
Each it is slotting refer to capacitor cell include insert finger Part I 5, for feed metal isolated island 6, insert refer to second
Divide 7 and insert the liquid crystal 8 between referring to；
Insert the liquid crystal 8 between referring to and be provided with to insert and refer to mouth, the opening refers to mouth for interpolation towards the part of conduction band 4, be open towards micro-
The part at 3 edge of band wire refers to mouth for extrapolation；Insert the correspondence of Part I 5 for referring to be inserted in during interpolation refers to mouth；Insert the Part II 7 for referring to
Correspondence is inserted in during extrapolation refers to mouth；
The end of the Part I 5 of the slotting finger is connected with conduction band 4；The end of the Part II 7 of the slotting finger be used for
The metal isolated island 6 of feed connects；The metal isolated island 6 for feed is used to connect transmission and leaky wave structure 1-2 and metal ground
Plate 1-4, makes transmission and the 2N in leaky wave structure 1-2 slotting finger capacitor cell and metal floor 1-4 isoelectric levels.
The relative dielectric constant of medium cover plate 1-1 is 2.2, thickness 1mm.
The relative dielectric constant of medium substrate 1-3 is 4.4, thickness 2.5mm.
Metal floor 1-4's covers copper thickness 0.035mm.
Property of the present invention based on liquid crystal material itself, with reference to the method for designing of periodic structure, proposes that one kind has concurrently remarkably
The leaky-wave antenna of electric tuning performance and simple electrical control mechanism.The leaky-wave antenna by periodic structure design with electrical control mechanism design melt for
Integrally, big with scanning angle, bias voltage is little, the characteristics of response time is fast.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 periodic structure equivalent-circuit models；
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the forward sight structural representation of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the left view structural representation of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the overlooking the structure diagram of the second layer；
Specific embodiment
Specific embodiment one, with reference to Fig. 1 to 5 illustrate this specific embodiment, based on liquid crystal material determine frequency scanning leakage
Wave antenna, it includes medium cover plate 1-1, transmission and leaky wave structure 1-2, medium substrate 1-3 and metal floor 1-4；
The medium cover plate 1-1, transmission and leaky wave structure 1-2, medium substrate 1-3 and metal floor 1-4 from top to bottom group
Into four-layer structure；Liquid crystal is packaged between medium cover plate 1-1 and transmission and leaky wave structure 1-2；
Transmission and leaky wave structure 1-2 include two 50 ohm microstrips, 1, two trapezoidal match circuits 2, and antenna body with wide
Conduction band 9 and 2N between the microstrip line 3, unit of degree is inserted and refers to capacitor cell, and N is positive integer；
The wide end of two trapezoidal match circuits 2 is connected with the two ends of microstrip line 3 respectively；Two 50 ohm microstrips 1 respectively with
The narrow end connection of two trapezoidal match circuits 2；
Insert for 2N and refer to that capacitor cell is arranged on microstrip line 3, and each two inserts finger capacitor cell along the horizontal stroke of microstrip line 3
It is symmetrical to centrage；Two symmetrical slotting fingers are connected by conduction band 4 between capacitor cell, and finger electricity is inserted in both sides by the conduction band 4
Hold and constitute antenna ends path；
The two neighboring slotting conduction band 9 for referring to that capacitor cell passes through between unit connects；Leading between two neighboring slotting finger capacitor cell
M metallic ground through hole is provided with uniformly on band 9；M is positive integer；
Each it is slotting refer to capacitor cell include insert finger Part I 5, for feed metal isolated island 6, insert refer to second
Divide 7 and insert the liquid crystal 8 between referring to；
Insert the liquid crystal 8 between referring to and be provided with to insert and refer to mouth, the opening refers to mouth for interpolation towards the part of conduction band 4, be open towards micro-
The part at 3 edge of band wire refers to mouth for extrapolation；Insert the correspondence of Part I 5 for referring to be inserted in during interpolation refers to mouth；Insert the Part II 7 for referring to
Correspondence is inserted in during extrapolation refers to mouth；
The end of the Part I 5 of the slotting finger is connected with conduction band 4；The end of the Part II 7 of the slotting finger be used for
The metal isolated island 6 of feed connects；The metal isolated island 6 for feed is used to connect transmission and leaky wave structure 1-2 and metal ground
Plate 1-4, makes transmission and the 2N in leaky wave structure 1-2 slotting finger capacitor cell and metal floor 1-4 isoelectric levels.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is：Leaky-wave antenna main body adopts class microstrip line construction,
Two ends are transition line match circuits, are realized from 50 ohm coaxial lines to the matched well aerial radiation main body.Radiating principal
Series capacitance and the shunt inductance for realizing respectively needing using finger-cross structure and grounded metal via, liquid crystal are filled in finger-cross structure
Between gap in.
The finger-cross structure of each radiating element is divided into two parts.Slotting finger part positioned at outside passes through gap and inboard portion
Separate, be also to insert the part for referring to electric capacity while this gap isolation Dc bias.Bias be added in outside insert finger-type into orphan
On island, it and inner side insert finger-type into electric potential difference adjust the deflection of the liquid crystal molecule between finger-cross structure, so as to control liquid
The relative dielectric constant of brilliant material, the beam-scanning angles of final control leaky-wave antenna.
The medium cover plate for adding the moderate dielectric constant of one piece of thickness relatively small on radiating principal top is realizing the envelope to liquid crystal
Dress.
With reference to Fig. 2, antenna is constituted by four layers under upper.Ground floor is medium cover plate, and it and third layer medium substrate are altogether
With by liquid crystal be packaged in the second layer insert refer to electric capacity refer between gap in.Ground floor medium cover plate relative dielectric constant 2.2, thickness
1mm, it is ensured that have enough rigidity.Third layer medium substrate relative dielectric constant 4.4, thickness 2.5mm, the 4th layer is metal ground
Plate, covers copper thickness 0.035mm.
With reference to Fig. 5,1 is 50 ohm microstrips, and it is connected with 50 ohm coaxial lines, is antenna feed；2 are trapezoidal matching electricity
Road, it is impedance-matched to 31；3 is the microstrip line with antenna body with width, suppresses higher mode, reduces the dry of higher mode
Disturb；4 is that the conduction band for referring to and constituting antenna ends path is inserted in connection both sides, and it plays a part of certain inductance, is antenna surface
Electric current provides a path, and also to feed；5 parts for being attached to the slotting finger on 4；6 metals for being used as feed
Isolated island, is connected to another part 7 of finger-cross structure thereon, forms electric potential difference with being connected between the slotting finger on 4, and finger is inserted in control
Between liquid crystal dielectric constant；8 is to insert the liquid crystal between referring to；9 is the conduction band between each unit, it is ensured that electrically connected between each unit
The integrity for connecing；10 is metallic ground through hole, and it in third layer medium connects the second layer and the 4th layer of metal, make the second layer
Upper module 1-5 and ground isoelectric level.Positive potential be added in on 6 identical isolated island of module, coupled 7 positively charged of slotting finger, 7 and 5
Between form electric potential difference, the dielectric constant of control liquid crystal 8 therebetween, and then change to insert and refer to capacitance, main radiation direction changes therewith,
Reach the effect for determining that frequency electricity is swept.
With reference to Fig. 1, traditional transmission-line equivalent circuit has comprised only series inductance LRSWith shunt capacitance CRP, periodic structure
Equivalent series capacitance C is introduced thenRSWith shunt inductance LRP.In microwave technology, finger-cross structure can be equivalent to electric capacity, ground connection
Metal throuth hole can be equivalent to inductance.With reference to Fig. 5, adopt finger-cross structure and grounding through hole to realize equivalent capacity in the design
And inductance.And electromagnetic wave then can be from gap radiation between slotting finger in external environment.
With reference to Fig. 5, liquid crystal is filled in slotting gap between referring to, arranges ordered liquid crystal molecule by orientation in advance, now liquid
Brilliant relative dielectric constant is 2.5；When the biasing between finger-cross structure, Liquid Crystal Molecules Alignment direction changes, now the phase of liquid crystal
3.3 are changed into dielectric constant, are inserted and is referred to that the value of electric capacity changes, and then the main radiation direction of antenna also changes therewith.
Claims (4)
1. leaky-wave antenna is scanned based on the frequency of determining of liquid crystal material, be it is characterized in that：It includes medium cover plate (1-1), transmission and leaky wave
Structure (1-2), medium substrate (1-3) and metal floor (1-4)；
The medium cover plate (1-1), transmission and leaky wave structure (1-2), medium substrate (1-3) and metal floor (1-4) are by up to
Lower composition four-layer structure；Liquid crystal is packaged between medium cover plate (1-1) and transmission and leaky wave structure (1-2)；
Transmission and leaky wave structure (1-2) including two 50 ohm microstrips (1), two trapezoidal match circuits (2), and antenna body it is same
Conduction band (9) and 2N between the microstrip line (3) of width, unit is inserted and refers to capacitor cell, and N is positive integer；
The wide end of two trapezoidal match circuits (2) is connected with the two ends of microstrip line (3) respectively；Two 50 ohm microstrips (1) are respectively
It is connected with the narrow end of two trapezoidal match circuits (2)；
Insert for 2N and refer to that capacitor cell is arranged on microstrip line (3), and each two is inserted and refers to capacitor cell along the horizontal stroke of microstrip line (3)
It is symmetrical to centrage；Two symmetrical slotting fingers connect by conduction band (4) between capacitor cell that both sides are inserted by the conduction band (4)
Refer to that electric capacity constitutes antenna ends path；
Two neighboring slotting finger capacitor cell is by conduction band (9) connection between unit；The two neighboring slotting conduction band referred between capacitor cell
(9) M metallic ground through hole is uniformly provided with；M is positive integer；
Each it is slotting refer to capacitor cell include insert finger Part I (5), for feed metal isolated island (6), insert refer to second
Divide (7) and insert the liquid crystal (8) between referring to；
Insert the liquid crystal (8) between referring to and be provided with to insert and refer to mouth, to be open and refer to mouth for interpolation towards the part of conduction band (4), be open towards microstrip line
(3) part at edge refers to mouth for extrapolation；Insert Part I (5) correspondence for referring to be inserted in during interpolation refers to mouth；Insert the Part II for referring to
(7) correspondence is inserted in during extrapolation refers to mouth；
The end of the Part I (5) of the slotting finger is connected with conduction band (4)；The end of the Part II (7) of the slotting finger and use
In metal isolated island (6) connection of feed；The metal isolated island (6) for feed is transmitted and leaky wave structure (1-2) for connecting
With metal floor (1-4), the electricity such as transmission and the 2N in leaky wave structure (1-2) slotting finger capacitor cell and metal floor (1-4) is made
Position.
2. the frequency of determining based on liquid crystal material according to claim 1 scans leaky-wave antenna, it is characterised in that medium cover plate (1-
1) relative dielectric constant is 2.2, thickness 1mm.
3. the frequency of determining based on liquid crystal material according to claim 1 scans leaky-wave antenna, it is characterised in that medium substrate (1-
3) relative dielectric constant is 4.4, thickness 2.5mm.
4. the frequency of determining based on liquid crystal material according to claim 1 scans leaky-wave antenna, it is characterised in that metal floor (1-
4) cover copper thickness 0.035mm.
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| CN201410827382.5A CN104409852B (en) | 2014-12-25 | 2014-12-25 | Fixed frequency scanning leaky-wave antenna based on liquid crystal material |
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| CN201410827382.5A CN104409852B (en) | 2014-12-25 | 2014-12-25 | Fixed frequency scanning leaky-wave antenna based on liquid crystal material |
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| CN104409852B true CN104409852B (en) | 2017-04-12 |
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| CN108666738A (en) | 2018-05-17 | 2018-10-16 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | A kind of liquid crystal antenna and preparation method thereof, driving method and communication equipment |
| CN108767497A (en) * | 2018-06-04 | 2018-11-06 | 上海大学 | One kind is programmable to scan leaky-wave antenna in midair |
| US11005157B2 (en) * | 2018-08-02 | 2021-05-11 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid crystal cell and scanning antenna |
| CN111029793A (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2020-04-17 | 南京理工大学 | High-frequency sensitivity frequency scanning antenna |
| CN112768921B (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2022-07-29 | 杭州电子科技大学 | High-scanning-rate leaky-wave antenna based on metamaterial unit |
| CN113097750B (en) * | 2021-04-14 | 2022-06-21 | 西华大学 | Reconfigurable holographic impedance modulation surface antenna based on laminated structure and liquid crystal |
| CN113346229B (en) * | 2021-05-06 | 2022-07-01 | 北京大学 | Wide-scanning-range leaky-wave antenna based on liquid crystal tuning and implementation method thereof |
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