CN104408318A - Seasonal design flow computing method for river-type water functional areas - Google Patents
Seasonal design flow computing method for river-type water functional areas Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a seasonal design flow computing method for river-type water functional areas. The seasonal design flow computing method comprises the steps of establishing a distributed hydrological model and simulating and verifying the watershed hydrological processes of the river-type water functional area to be studied, establishing the corresponding relation of each river-type water functional area to be studied to each sub-watershed inside the distributed hydrological model, outputting the long series monthly runoff volume simulation results of each sub-watershed of a section under each river-type water functional area to be studied according to the corresponding relation, selecting the long series runoff volume simulation results of corresponding months of each river-type water functional area to be studied according to the design flow accounting rule of the river-type water functional areas to be studied according to the corresponding relation, ranking and selecting the flow having a certain assurance rate as the design flow of the river-type water functional areas to be studied. The seasonal design flow computing method for the river-type water functional areas is capable of checking the design flow of the water functional areas in each period by selecting different time periods (such as dry season, normal river flow period and flood season), and then capable of supporting delicacy management of the water functional areas.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to environmental technology field, relate to the seasonal design discharge computing method in type Water Functional Zone, a kind of river.
Background technology
Water environment pollution controls successively to have passed through concentration and controls and the target overall control stage, has now progressed into the overall control stage of environmental capacity.The environmental capacity of water in river course refers under the environmental goals of regulation, ensures that water body using function is not damaged the total amount of pollutant that can hold.Usually by under given waters scope, water quality standard and design hydrologic condition, the maximum pollutant holding capability that waters allows is called the maximum environmental capacity in this waters.Different Waters can hold number and the state how many pollutants depend on the water body water yield; the water yield how much directly affect water body to the dilution self-cleansing ability of pollutant and pollutant the spatial and temporal distributions in water, therefore designing the water yield is one of key problem calculating the maximum permitted control of water body and water resources protection planning.
" waters water environment capacity calculates code " regulation: calculate river water area water environment capacity, the most withered moon average flow of 90% fraction or nearly 10 years moon average flows the most withered should be adopted as design discharge, river, ice-bound river, non-vanishing minimum moon average flow should be chosen as sample, but due to differing greatly of river, China south and north, various places can according to actual conditions, select the design water yield condition under Different water period (Ru Feng, flat, low water season) or other fractions (as 75%, 95% etc.) to calculate waters water environment capacity.
History measured data accounting Water Functional Zone design discharge is adopted to there is the problem of following several respects: (1) needs to calculate separately each Water Functional Zone, causes workload in real work and scientific research larger; (2) inquired into by measured data completely, be unfavorable for the research of changing environment function of subdominant chord district design discharge development law; (3) the area data difficult treatment of hydrology field data deficiency or no data.And for type Water Functional Zone, river, different its discharge process of hydrology stage has huge difference, and it enters river pollution source and pollutional load also has larger difference.Existingly water flow in dry season is generally taked to carry out appraising and deciding and (such as arrange from big to small by the daily flow in Dec-March next year for Water Functional Zone design discharge, get the design discharge of 75% fraction flow as Water Functional Zone), the situation of change of Water Functional Zone year internal contamination load and the fine-grained management of water quality reaching standard can not be supported preferably.
Summary of the invention
For the problem and shortage of type Water Functional Zone, above-mentioned existing calculating river design discharge, the invention provides the seasonal design discharge computing method in type Water Functional Zone, a kind of river, comprising:
Set up hydrological distribution model and to river to be studied place, type Water Functional Zone River Basin Hydrology process simulation and checking, to realize the accurate simulation to type Water Functional Zone, described river to be studied rainwash process;
Set up the corresponding relation between described type Water Functional Zone, river to be studied and the inner each sub basin of described hydrological distribution model;
According to described corresponding relation, export the long series run-off analog result month by month of sub basin residing for section under type Water Functional Zone, each described river to be studied;
According to type Water Functional Zone, described river to be studied design discharge accounting criteria, select the serial run-off analog result of length that the different time periods also chooses type Water Functional Zone, each described river to be studied corresponding month respectively, to go forward side by side line ordering, choose the design discharge of flow as the different hydrologic seasons in type Water Functional Zone, described river to be studied of certain fraction.
Particularly, on the basis of technique scheme, described hydrological distribution model is WEP model.
Particularly, on the basis of technique scheme, describedly set up hydrological distribution model and also comprise after type Water Functional Zone, river to be studied hydrologic process is simulated and verified:
According to the result, the following at least one parameter of hydrological distribution model is adjusted:
Different land use type earth's surface retains deeply, soil horizon thickness, under ooze coefficient and riverbed material coefficient.
Alternatively, on the basis of technique scheme, described hydrological distribution model of setting up when verifying type Water Functional Zone, river to be studied hydrologic process, comprising:
Measured discharge data are utilized to carry out parameter calibration and checking to hydrological distribution model.
Alternatively, on the basis of technique scheme, the described measured discharge data that utilize carry out parameter calibration with when verifying to hydrological distribution model, under the prerequisite of relative error all within 5% of annual runoff stream and Runoff Forecast during Drought Period simulation, turn to checking index of discrimination with the maximum of moon runoff process Nash efficiency factor.
The present invention is by setting up hydrological distribution model and after realizing the accurate simulation to study area hydrologic process particularly Runoff Forecast during Drought Period; by setting up the corresponding relation between type Water Functional Zone, river, study area and hydrological distribution model sub basin; utilize hydrological distribution model analog result; the design discharge of the different hydrologic seasons in type Water Functional Zone, river, study area can be calculated quickly and accurately in batches; comprise low water season, the period when a river is at its normal level, flood season etc., thus provide better data supporting for calculating the maximum permitted control of Water Functional Zone Various Seasonal and water resources protection planning.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, be briefly described to the accompanying drawing used required in embodiment or description of the prior art below, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes is some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, under the prerequisite not paying creative work, other accompanying drawing can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of type Water Functional Zone, river of the present invention seasonal design discharge computing method embodiment one;
Fig. 2 is the process flow diagram of type Water Functional Zone, river of the present invention seasonal design discharge computing method embodiment two.
Embodiment
For making the object of the embodiment of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearly, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described, obviously, described embodiment is the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making the every other embodiment obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
Embodiment one
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of type Water Functional Zone, river of the present invention seasonal design discharge computing method embodiment one, and as shown in Figure 1, the method for the present embodiment comprises:
Step 101, set up hydrological distribution model and to river to be studied place, type Water Functional Zone River Basin Hydrology process simulation and checking, to realize the accurate simulation to type Water Functional Zone, described river to be studied rainwash process;
In this step, particularly, described hydrological distribution model can adopt WEP (water and Energy transfer process model) model.WEP model according to earth's surface altitude figures divide sub basin and sub basin inside etc. high-band computing unit, adopt " mosaic " method that Land_use change is returned into several class in each computing unit, calculate the surface water thermoflux of all kinds of land use pattern respectively, get the water and heat of weighted mean value as whole computing unit.Slope concentration adopts motion in one dimension ripple method that slope runoff is calculated to most downstream end by the most upstream end trace in basin.The runoff concentration calculation in each bar river course, is calculated to downstream end trace by upstream extremity according to adopting 1 dimension kinematic wave method or the dynamic wave with or without downstream boundary condition.Groundwater Flow point Mountain Area and Plain district carry out numeric value analysis respectively, and consider the water quality exchanges of itself and surface water, the holard and urban river water.In social perspectives, all kinds of water spread on computing unit, is calculated by WEP model in water balance.
In this step, hydrological distribution model especially will realize the accurate simulation to type Water Functional Zone, river to be studied Runoff Forecast during Drought Period.
Step 102, set up corresponding relation between the inner each sub basin of described type Water Functional Zone, river to be studied and described hydrological distribution model;
In this step, Geographic Information System (GIS) software can be utilized, type Water Functional Zone, river, study area layer is superposed with hydrological distribution model watershed partitioning layer, determine the sub basin code residing for the upper and lower section in type Water Functional Zone, each river, and record, namely set up the corresponding relation between Water Functional Zone and hydrological distribution model sub basin.
Step 103, according to described corresponding relation, export the long series run-off analog result month by month of sub basin residing for section under type Water Functional Zone, each described river to be studied;
In this step, after the simulation utilizing the hydrological distribution model after adjustment to achieve for research head of district series (as 1956 ~ 2010 years) diurnal courses process, the data on flows of average diameter month by month of the long series of each sub basin of programming count; Then as required, the sub basin long series low water season that under each Water Functional Zone of recording in alternative output step 102, section is corresponding, non-flood period or the process of run-off month by month in flood season.
Step 104, according to type Water Functional Zone, described river to be studied design discharge accounting criteria, select the serial run-off analog result of length that the different time periods also chooses type Water Functional Zone, each described river to be studied corresponding month respectively, to go forward side by side line ordering, choose the design discharge of flow as the different hydrologic seasons in type Water Functional Zone, described river to be studied of certain fraction.
In above-mentioned steps, the different time periods comprises low water season, the period when a river is at its normal level and flood season etc.;
In this step, the data of run-off month by month in the water function head of district obtained in step 103 series low water season, the period when a river is at its normal level or flood season are arranged according to descending order, as requested, the flow of corresponding fraction is selected can to obtain the design discharge of type Water Functional Zone, river Various Seasonal.Such as, in basin to be studied practical application, the accounting criteria of Water Functional Zone design discharge is: 95% fraction flow of long series low water season (March Dec to next year) monthly average runoff is got in drinking water source region, and 75% fraction flow of long series monthly average runoff in low water season is got in other functional areas.
Water Functional Zone design discharge Problems existing is adjusted relative to adopting history measured data in prior art, the present invention is by setting up hydrological distribution model and after realizing the accurate simulation to study area hydrologic process particularly Runoff Forecast during Drought Period, by setting up the corresponding relation between type Water Functional Zone, river, study area and hydrological distribution model sub basin, utilize hydrological distribution model analog result, can be quick, batch calculates the design discharge of the different hydrologic seasons in type Water Functional Zone, river, study area exactly, comprise low water season, the period when a river is at its normal level, flood season etc., thus provide better data supporting for calculating the maximum permitted control of Water Functional Zone Various Seasonal and water resources protection planning.
Embodiment two
Fig. 2 is the process flow diagram that the present invention calculates the embodiment of the method two of type Water Functional Zone, river design discharge, and embodiment two increases checking index of discrimination further on the basis of embodiment one, and particularly, as shown in Figure 2, this embodiment method comprises:
Step 201, set up hydrological distribution model and to river to be studied place, type Water Functional Zone River Basin Hydrology process simulation and checking;
In this step, when setting up hydrological distribution model and place, type Water Functional Zone, river to be studied River Basin Hydrology process verified, hydrology head of a station series actual measurement monthly average run-off data in basin are utilized to carry out parameter calibration and checking to hydrological distribution model, can adopt during concrete checking under the prerequisite of relative error all within 5% of annual run-off and Runoff Forecast during Drought Period simulation, turn to checking index of discrimination with the maximum of moon runoff process Nash efficiency factor:
Step 202, according to the result, adjust to realize the accurate simulation to type Water Functional Zone, described river to be studied rainwash process to the following at least one parameter of hydrological distribution model: different land use type earth's surface retains deeply, soil horizon thickness, under ooze coefficient and riverbed material coefficient;
In order to improve simulation precision in the present embodiment, according to the convention of water resource tertiary area as parameter subregion when having broken traditional Large Watershed distributing numerical control in parameter testing process, and take one parameter partitioned mode more flexibly.Such as, first have chosen the control hydrology website of master stream, river to be studied and each fork, 36 altogether.Then corresponding parameter subregion is set up according to the relation of confluxing between each sub basin with hydrometric station, if there is a controlling hydrometric station in a certain tributary, then all remittance sub basin in this tributary form a parameter subregion, carry out parameter testing according to its controlling hydrometric station simulate effect; For the hydrometric station on master stream, then get all remittance sub basin between adjacent two websites as a parameter subregion, by the website in downstream as its controlling hydrometric station.By that analogy, full basin has divided altogether 37 parameter subregions and has carried out model calibration and checking.
Step 203, set up corresponding relation between the inner each sub basin of described type Water Functional Zone, river to be studied and described hydrological distribution model;
Step 204, according to described corresponding relation, export the long series run-off analog result month by month of sub basin residing for section under type Water Functional Zone, each described river to be studied;
Step 205, according to type Water Functional Zone, described river to be studied design discharge accounting criteria, select the serial run-off analog result of length that the different time periods also chooses type Water Functional Zone, each described river to be studied corresponding month respectively, to go forward side by side line ordering, choose the design discharge of flow as the different hydrologic seasons in type Water Functional Zone, described river to be studied of certain fraction;
In above-mentioned steps, the different time periods comprises low water season, the period when a river is at its normal level and flood season etc.;
Study relative to existing valley water security management, its checking is general adopts the long serial actual measurement of average diameter flow and the relative error, Nash efficiency factor etc. of simulated data month by month as the index differentiating simulate effect.Because flood season runoff amount proportion among a year is comparatively large, so the simulate effect in flood season often directly determines annual simulate effect.At hydrological model calibration with after verify, the simulate effect of long series run-off month by month reaches requirement, if but the analog result in all low water season in time (as March Dec to next year) is taken out separately verify, its simulate effect is possible very poor.Based on the vital role of Runoff Forecast during Drought Period in Water Functional Zone design discharge is appraised and decided, average annual for each website Runoff Simulation limits of error fixes within 5% in step 201 by the present embodiment, Runoff Forecast during Drought Period simulation error can be limited to the target within 5%, seek a moon maximization for runoff process Nash efficiency factor with this understanding, enhance physical property and the accuracy of parameter calibration, ensure that model has good simulate effect for Runoff Forecast during Drought Period.
Last it is noted that above each embodiment is only in order to illustrate technical scheme of the present invention, be not intended to limit; Although with reference to foregoing embodiments to invention has been detailed description, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that: it still can be modified to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or carries out equivalent replacement to wherein some or all of technical characteristic; And these amendments or replacement, do not make the essence of appropriate technical solution depart from the scope of various embodiments of the present invention technical scheme.
Claims (5)
1. the seasonal design discharge computing method in river type Water Functional Zone, is characterized in that, comprising:
Set up hydrological distribution model and to river to be studied place, type Water Functional Zone River Basin Hydrology process simulation and checking, to realize the accurate simulation to type Water Functional Zone, described river to be studied rainwash process;
Set up the corresponding relation between described type Water Functional Zone, river to be studied and the inner each sub basin of described hydrological distribution model;
According to described corresponding relation, export the long series run-off analog result month by month of sub basin residing for section under type Water Functional Zone, each described river to be studied;
According to type Water Functional Zone, described river to be studied design discharge accounting criteria, the selected different time period, and choose the serial run-off analog result of length in type Water Functional Zone, each described river to be studied corresponding month respectively, to go forward side by side line ordering, choose the design discharge of flow as the different hydrologic seasons in type Water Functional Zone, described river to be studied of certain fraction.
2. the seasonal design discharge computing method in type Water Functional Zone, river according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described hydrological distribution model is WEP model.
3. the seasonal design discharge computing method in type Water Functional Zone, river according to claim 1, is characterized in that, describedly set up hydrological distribution model and also comprise after simulating type Water Functional Zone, river to be studied hydrologic process and verify:
According to the result, the following at least one parameter of hydrological distribution model is adjusted:
Different land use type earth's surface retains deeply, soil horizon thickness, under ooze coefficient and riverbed material coefficient.
4. the seasonal design discharge computing method in type Water Functional Zone, river according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described hydrological distribution model of setting up when verifying type Water Functional Zone, river to be studied hydrologic process, comprising:
Measured discharge data are utilized to carry out parameter calibration and checking to hydrological distribution model.
5. the seasonal design discharge computing method in type Water Functional Zone, river according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, the described measured discharge data that utilize carry out parameter calibration with when verifying to hydrological distribution model, under the prerequisite of relative error all within 5% of annual runoff stream and Runoff Forecast during Drought Period simulation, turn to checking index of discrimination with the maximum of moon runoff process Nash efficiency factor.
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| CN110738358A (en) * | 2019-09-23 | 2020-01-31 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Ecological flow guaranteeing method and device based on land utilization mode optimization |
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