CN104408234A - Railway traffic hub facility design method based on in-line analysis - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a railway traffic hub facility layout and microscopic design method based on in-line analysis. According to the method, firstly, the system composition of an urban railway traffic hub is systematically analyzed in an aspect of traffic design, the space layout scheme of traffic facilities such as passages, staircases, ticket checkers and station platforms of the traffic hub are clearly defined, and a pedestrian flow line generating method and an in-flow analysis and conflict elimination method are provided from the activities of travelers in the traffic hub. The in-flow analysis result is used as the basis, the traffic hub flow line interference degree and the transfer impedance are used as quantitative evaluation indexes for measuring the effectiveness of the traffic hub layout structures, and the facility layout optimization method using the structure effectiveness as the optimum target is provided.

Description

A kind of track traffic hub facilities design method based on in-line analysis

Technical field

The invention belongs to urban track traffic hub traffic design theoretical field, particularly a kind of track traffic hub facilities design method based on in-line analysis.

Background technology

As the key node realizing communication function conversion, the effect of urban track traffic hub in comprehensive timetable planning, just as the effect of crossing in urban road network, it is the bottleneck of Urban Passenger Transport System, it is made rational planning for, design, whether build the height of the service level of whole efficiency and " people-oriented " directly affecting comprehensive transit network, be more directly connected to traveler in hinge collecting and distributing transfer go out line efficiency.But from actual construction and the operation situation of hinge, relative to the tremendous development acquired by Metro Network, the construction of track traffic hub is still " weakness " of Metropolitan Integrative Traffic development.Hinge interior layout lacks system and considers, traffic integrated level is lower, and transfer distance is long, and hinge facility capacity is not enough, changes to the problem such as inharmonious still seriously, reduce the interchange efficiency of traffic user in hinge between various mode of transportation.In order to the city integrated passenger-traffic system of integration construct, realize the integration function of city integrated Passenger Transport System, while requiring that the theoretical research of traffic engineering circle will pay close attention to " gauze " allocation plan problem more from the past, more to pay attention to the planning and design problem at hinge and this class of station " node " more.

In order to instruct the planning and design of hinge, around the traffic planning and design of how to carry out hinge, carry out the inner rational deployment of hinge and configuration optimization, scientifically determine the scale (capacity) of all kinds of means of transportation in hinge, quantity, arrange, efficiency and service quality is connected to improve hinge, give full play to the communication function of hinge, expand a series of researchs from macroscopic view to microcosmic both at home and abroad, define many achievements in research, existing take airport as object, have for comprehensive passenger transport hub, also the research launched around track traffic hub and rail traffic station is had, its achievement has important reference to research of the present invention.

Therefrom microcosmic point research hinge traffic planning and design problem was just at the early-stage in recent years, can find out following deficiency from existing achievement in research:

One, in hinge, distributing rationally of all kinds of facility does not fully demonstrate the short-time fluctuations of flow and the behavioral trait of user.

On the one hand, adopt the design peak hour flow in target year as the method for the scale according to all kinds of facility of calculating, have ignored the short-time fluctuations of demand, because the peak hour volume of the flow of passengers is not take hinge facility constantly in hinge, but there is the feature of flow violent change, that is: the volume of the flow of passengers in hinge distributes relevant with the arrival of train, thus, along with train arrival presents the instantaneous characteristic sharply raised.After this state continues for some time, the volume of the flow of passengers reduces gradually.After next train arrives, this phenomenon will repeat, and present certain periodicity.On the other hand, use to hinge facility in the process of pedestrian's movement in hinge, the speed that presents changes with flow, density and changes, and characteristic uneven in space distribution, people are more easily gathered in service class facility, as: the positions such as ticketing spot, ticket office, information desk.Therefore do not consider that the scale configuration of the short-time fluctuations of flow and passenger behavior characteristic and design can cause not mating of facility ability and demand.

Two, be mostly the research launched for the local facility in hinge and single goal, be difficult to embody the integration transfer process of passenger in hinge between different modes.

Mostly existing achievement in research is with the single means of transportation in rail traffic station (as walking channel, ticket check gate, subway platform etc.) be object, the optimization of the local of launching and refinement, and to other space in track traffic hub, as: Transfer Infrastructure (the public transport Hou Cheng district of track traffic and other mode of transportation, storing cycle district etc.), the distribution and optimization Research on configuration of the traffic resources such as the traffic above-ground gateway of track traffic hub is less, especially the angle from system is lacked, according to the complete active chain of pedestrian in hinge, by passenger in hinge between different modes in transfer process process means of transportation integrally, the research of comprehensive coordination design and optimization is carried out to all kinds of facilities of hinge.

The research of three, using analytic method to be optimized design to hinge means of transportation is considerably less.

The research method that the design of existing hinge adopts and solution are mainly divided into two classes: based on the facility optimal design of waiting line theory, the capacity scheme Adaptability Evaluation based on emulation.First because waiting line theory has explanatory preferably when describing ticket checking machine, this kind of service facility of ticket machine, be therefore used to sells ticket checking facility allocation problem in solution hinge more; Existing realistic model and method are in fact to a kind of effective Feedback under set flow and planning and design scheme, by the interaction phenomena between simulation pedestrian stream and hinge facility, obtain dynamic hinge Adaptability Evaluation result, in this, as the foundation of scheme comparison and improvement.Due to the complicacy of hubbing structure and the randomness of fluctuations in discharge, the analytic model that structure can describe hinge operational effect is very difficult, as can be seen from analysis above namely, the research of using analytic method to be optimized design to hinge means of transportation is also considerably less.

In a word, imperfection is gone back in the research of domestic and international related city track traffic hub traffic design theory, needs to be studied further.

Summary of the invention

For the deficiency that existing research institute exists, the object of the invention is the traffic characteristics of undulatory property according to hinge passenger flow and passenger, take problem as guiding, to pay close attention to the mobile condition of passenger in pivoting system and environment for point of penetration, with traffic resource (comprising time, space, investment etc.) for constraint, with facilitate the trip of passenger and transfer, raising public transport service ability for target, to track traffic hub from rail traffic platform, launch to the field, station of other modes of transportation again through Transfer Infrastructure one optimal design from macroscopic view to microcosmic point.Macroscopically to shorten the displacement of passenger in hinge for target, hinge facility layout optimization method is proposed; To reduce the delay time at stop of passenger in hinge, raising interchange efficiency for target in middle sight, set up hinge facility ability Optimized model, realize the supply-demand mode of all kinds of facility of hinge; Microcosmic take service level as standard, discusses the microcosmic traffic design of hinge in detail.The planning and design finally dynamically using two aspects to realize hinge from facility Static Design and passenger flow meet design object.

The present invention is directed to the track traffic hub traffic design theoretical research of domestic and international related city not enough, the present invention proposes a kind of track traffic hub facility layout based on in-line analysis and Micro Instructional Design method, and concrete technical scheme is as follows:

Based on a track traffic hub facilities design method for in-line analysis, described in-line analysis comprises the method for expressing of streamline, streamline generation, conflict point analysis, streamline optimization and conflict resolving; Described track traffic hub facilities design method, comprises hinge facility layout and hinge facility Micro Instructional Design, and wherein, described hinge facility layout comprises the classification of hinge facility, facility layout's Optimized model and layout optimization flow process; Described hinge facility Micro Instructional Design comprises means of transportation delay estimation model, facility ability Optimized model and the design of hinge microcosmic traffic.

Streamline in described in-line analysis is in transport hub, due to the collecting and distributing activity of all kinds of personnel, vehicle, article, produces certain flow process and glide path; The method for expressing of described streamline comprises flow chart notation and organization chart representation; The generation of described streamline, be visual pattern indicate the distribution of pedestrian in urban track traffic hub and trend, convert the inner passenger flow OD distribution matrix of hinge to by each mode of transportation Transfer Matrix of hinge; Conflict during described conflict point analysis and conflict disappear, comprises streamline and crosses/shunt the complexity intertexture conflict point that the abrasion interference, the streamline that cause intersect the interspersed intersection conflict that causes and open space; Described streamline optimization and conflict resolving adopt intersection external moving method and physics patterning method.

Described hinge facility comprises channel types facility, service class facility, transfer class facility and info class facility; Described facility layout optimizes the foundation comprising the basic demand of optimization, the calculating of utility index and Optimized model; Described layout optimization flow process comprises facility analysis, hinge passenger flows line analysis, sets up hinge facility layout optimization model.

Described means of transportation delay estimation comprises channel types facility delay estimation, service class facility is incured loss through delay and transfer class facility is incured loss through delay; Described facility ability Optimized model comprises abstract, the definition of variable symbol of hinge network, non-linear bi-level optimal model builds, heuristic solving strategy algorithm; The design of described microcosmic traffic comprises the design of access staircase, the design of selling ticket checking facility, the design of Public Transport Transfer facility, the design of public vehicles park-and-ride place, the design of bicycle parking district and information service facilities design.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is that track traffic hub facility forms schematic diagram;

Fig. 2 a is the process flow diagram of Public Transport Transfer subway streamline;

Fig. 2 b is the process flow diagram of subway transfer public transport streamline;

The basic procedure of Tu3Shi urban track traffic hub facility layout;

The relation of the maximum travel time of Fig. 4 passage and flow, width

Fig. 5 is the relation of the maximum travel time of descending stair and flow, stairway width;

Fig. 6 is service class facility delay time at stop computing method schematic diagram;

Embodiment

(1) propose streamline generation, conflict point analysis, streamline optimization and conflict resolving, concrete steps are as follows:

(11) streamline generates

The main task that streamline generates be visual pattern indicate the distribution of pedestrian in urban track traffic hub and trend, be also the basis of pedestrian's streamline conflict analysis.

1. node is determined.First should determine the type of node when generating streamline, node can be divided into structure node and hinged node.The origin and destination (origin and destination facility) of structure node and pedestrian activity or enter, leave the point (facility) of hinge; The end points of hinged node and pedestrian each facility of process in transfer process, as: the two ends end points of walking channel, arrives the point of gate and leaves the point etc. of gate.

2. adopt directed line segment to connect the mode of each gauge point, various types of pedestrian's streamline is showed according to its path locus in facility arrangenent diagram;

3. various directed line segment is distinguished, namely can represent different streamline types by different colors, also can represent different streamline flows with different line weights.

(12) conflict point analysis

People-people conflict also can be divided into following three types, that is: streamline cross/shunt abrasion interference, the streamline that cause intersects the complexity intertexture conflict point of the interspersed intersection conflict that causes and open space.

1) abrasion interference point.Pass through site observation, when passenger advances in long walking channel, generally following advances forms orderly streamline, and in the T-shaped crossing that such as three passages are formed, crossing or shunting of streamline can be there is, at this moment due to the change of direct of travel, the change of channel width, the behavior etc. that pedestrian can produce as dodged, slowing down, rear pedestrian surmounts front pedestrian, causes abrasion interference.This conflict is the conflict the most general in advancing of hinge one skilled in the art, and general Conflict Intensity is less, and the area clashed is less.

2) intersection conflict point.Occur because direct of travel is different closing, in region that three-dimensional or four-way are intersected, need the conflict type that interspersed phenomenon occurs with crossing streamline.The passenger flow in two crossing directions can pause each other dodge, alternately through.When the passenger flow of both direction is larger, Conflict Intensity is comparatively large, and the area clashed is large compared with abrasion interference.

3) intertexture conflict point.Refer in the region of open type (as places such as subway concourse, Transfer Hall, rail traffic platforms), by pedestrian's (as multiple directions such as out of the station, booking, inquiry) of different object and direct of travel be interweaved the conflict point that formed.In this region, pedestrian frequently produces limbs friction, dodge, pause, the action such as to detour.Although contain pedestrian's mobile behavior of two kinds of conflict point types above in intertexture battleground, but the feature that its aggregate performance goes out has more complicacy, therefore the multiple conflict points be in motion pattern in this kind of open style space region should be regarded as relevant in in-line analysis, it represents a slice intertexture battleground jointly, conflict point in this region is intertexture conflict point, the different direct of travel conflict complexities of number representative in this conflict area of point.

(13) optimization of pedestrian's streamline and the elimination of conflict

By reorganizing and the distribution of design path and trend, namely study streamline and facility arrange between relation, come conflict removal region to adjust the distribution of streamline in facility layout.Main method and approach have:

1) intersection external moving method.

Move to outside junction outside the streamline point of crossing exactly passenger flow non-peak period produced in station, to reduce streamline point of crossing and intersection density.

2) physics patterning method.

So-called physics patterning method, will enter the station exactly, set off, booking, the various streamline such as transfer separate, to reduce intersection.

1. " physics cutting at grade

First will in the plane for passenger provides transfer space by all kinds of means and streamline.The various forms such as main doorway, secondary gateway, through type hall, entrance hall, transfer vestibule can be divided into.

2. " three dimensions is utilized to carry out physics cutting

In order to avoid the intersection of streamline, except adopting the method for many spaces, multiple entry in the plane, also need on section, to arrange the facilities such as underpass, overpass, overhead pavement, subway concourse, to utilize solid space to shunt.

(2) urban track traffic hub be one be made up of various means of transportation between different modes, change to the place of continuing to realize passenger flow, primarily of three parts compositions: rail traffic station, Transfer Infrastructure and discongest road.The present invention takes advantage of platform or time to take advantage of regional implementation to study mainly for the time of rail traffic station and all kinds of Transfer Infrastructure, comprising:

1. " channel types facility: comprise passage, stair or staircase, Transfer Hall etc.;

2. " service class facility: comprise ticket check gate, ticket machine etc.;

3. " transfer class facility: comprise rail traffic platform, bus platform, public vehicles parking lot etc.;

4. " info class facility: comprise oriented identification, information guiding facility etc.

(3) using the result of pedestrian stream line analysis as initial conditions, build urban track traffic hub facility layout Optimized model, eventually through the facilities layout alternatives of Optimized model reasonable, concrete steps are as follows:

(31) basic goal that urban track traffic hub facility layout optimizes changes to environment easily for pedestrian provides exactly, therefore, its facility layout should carry out under communication function analysis guide, makes hinge facility layout meet following requirement:: shorten the time-space matrix of passenger's transfer and reduce the cross jamming degree of the stream of people.

(32) in conjunction with the basic demand that hinge facility layout optimizes, the index that directly can embody hubbing structure layout effectiveness is chosen, respectively: streamline degree of disturbance, transfer impedance.

1. " streamline degree of disturbance index

The streamline degree of disturbance index of hinge is used to reflect that the gentle passenger of tissue water of the junction of park and shift internal rows stream of people changes to index smoothly, the intertexture influence degree of interference mutually between various pedestrian's streamline in the hinge that transfer manner complexity can be directly described, can with each streamline number of conflict sum and streamline the ratio of facility number sum of process determine.As follows:

U ₁＝H ₀/H ₁

In formula,

U ₁---the streamline degree of disturbance of hinge;

H ₀---hinge each streamline number of conflict sum inner;

H ₁---hinge streamline the facility number sum of process.

The streamline degree of disturbance of hinge is less, and illustrate that conflict point is fewer, pedestrian's streamline is more smooth and easy.Wherein number of conflict H0 can with as shown in the formula subrepresentation:

H ₀＝θ ₁·TC _f+θ ₂·TC _a+θ ₃·TC _i

In formula,

TC _f---the abrasion interference on each streamline is counted out sum;

TC _a---the intersection conflict on each streamline is counted out sum;

TC _i---intersection point number sum in the intertexture battleground that streamline is formed;

θ ₁, θ ₂, θ ₃---the weight factor of three class conflict points, can by the Conflict Intensity of dissimilar conflict point, area requirements etc. because usually determining.

2. " transfer impedance targets

Transfer impedance refers to along with the cost that the movement of health spends in the process of pedestrian's movement in hinge, such as: transfer time, transfer distance, transfer expense, the impedance of transfer energy etc.Transfer impedance targets U ₂design can consider from the average transfer distance of hinge and 85% passenger's transfer distance, two affecting parameters.

Average transfer distance: average transfer distance to refer to that in track traffic hub every to be passed through the mean value of distance from reaching the passenger leaving hinge.

85% passenger's transfer distance: 85% passenger's transfer distance refers in all transfer passengers in urban track traffic hub, has the transfer distance of the passenger of 85% within this distance, only has passenger's transfer distance of 15% higher than this value.

(33) calculating of structure based utility index, proposes the topological design Optimized model of hinge.

Target is that total negative utility F that facility is arranged is minimum, and considers streamline degree of disturbance and change to impedance to the impact of F, and Modling model is as follows:

min{F _A,F _B,…,F _N}

s.t.G(N)≤B

Represent the objective function that negative utility is minimum.Wherein, F=α ₁u ₁+ α ₂u ₂represent the total utility value of each placement scheme, A, B, C ..., the corresponding alternative hinge facilities layout alternatives of N; U ₁for hinge streamline degree of disturbance index; U ₂for hinge transfer impedance targets; α ₁, α ₂---the weight of corresponding utility value, can be determined by the method such as expert graded or analytical hierarchy process.Constraint condition represents that construction fund retrains, to ensure that alternatives has construction feasibility.G (N) is urban track traffic hub construction investment function, and B is the hinge construction investment fund upper limit.

(4) according to above-mentioned analysis, propose the spatial configuration optimal method of a set of basic track traffic hub, the key solved is hinge one skilled in the art streamline and quantizes the master variable of output-index as facility layout optimization model, by analyzing the utility value size of different hinge means of transportation placement schemes, provide facility layout's optimisation strategy, concrete measure and corresponding prioritization scheme.Its workflow is as follows:

(41) first facility analysis is carried out.Hinge provides transport services, be passenger provide stop easily, change to, the condition of collecting and distributing conversion, form dissimilar facility and the different distributions of facility.According to the functional localization of hinge, the means of transportation in combing hinge are formed;

(42) hinge passenger flows line analysis is carried out.Hinge facility relies on passenger flows line to be formed, and the passenger that must be positioned at different mode of transportation walks in row line, should first it is considered that contact between accumulating and dispersing node of passenger flow when facility is arranged.The analytical approach generated according to streamline carries out in-line analysis, judge conflict area and adopt certain method to eliminate intersection conflict, based on the result of in-line analysis, determine the mutual relationship between various means of transportation on streamline, and determine and draw hinge facility locations graph of a relation, delivery rate matrix and impedance matrix;

(43) hinge facility layout optimization model is set up.According to certain traffic principle on the basis of in-line analysis result, start with from improving hinge transport structure, best for optimization aim with the structure effectiveness of project playout, carry out hinge interior layout, realize hinge the best structurally, thus improve the convenience of transfer.

(5) urban track traffic hub is regarded as a total system be made up of channel types facility, service class facility and transfer class facility, mutual relationship between pedestrian's traffic delay on hinge facility supply capacity and hinge facility is discussed, proposes the delay estimation model of pedestrian stream on channel types, service class, transfer class three kinds of different means of transportation by Analytic Calculation Method.

Passenger the generation that urban track traffic hub is incured loss through delay stem from crowded, queue up and wait for three behaviors.Crowded delay is because facility traffic capacity deficiency causes unit area patronage too much, the delay that flow velocity declines and produces; The most basic reason that causing queues up incurs loss through delay is that Passenger arrival rate is greater than the service ability can selecting information desk; Waiting delay, be due to passenger arrive information desk after service wouldn't with and the delay caused.

(51) channel types facility delay estimation model

Delay on passage belongs to crowded delay, when density available is maximum by the time with represent with the difference of free stream velocity by the time.Wherein, passage length is known, free stream velocity obtains by investigation, thus the time that passenger passes through with free stream velocity is easily calculated, for calculating the size of passage delay time at stop, key is based on the pedestrian stream characteristic on hinge internal channel facility, estimates the maximum travel time of pedestrian on channel establishment.

First suppose that passage is level, the speed of passenger reduces amplitude and slows down along with the increase of density, pedestrian stream speed-density model is shown in following formula.

u＝-0.455k+1.612

In formula,

U---the pedestrian stream speed in horizontal channel, m/s;

K---the pedestrian stream density in horizontal channel, peds/m ².

Maximum travel time estimated value in passage is:

$t^w=\frac{\mathrm{Lw}}{-0.000197f+1.612w}$

In formula,

T ^w---the maximum travel time in passage, unit: s;

The length of L---passage, unit: m;

The width of w---passage, unit: m;

F---be the flow that passes through of unit interval in passage peak period, unit: peds/h.

Passage l _wmaximum travel time be the function of channel capacity and channel width.

(52) service class facility delay estimation model

Passenger is in the process from other mode of transportation of rail traffic platform departures transfer, and mostly the service class facility being representative with ticket check gate, ticket machine is the bottleneck of the traffic capacity in transfer process.By being less than Passenger arrival rate due to the service ability of optional information desk during this kind of facility, and there is the phenomenon of line for service in passenger, causing queues up incurs loss through delay.Therefore this section will from the mechanism of delay generation of queuing up, (patronage arrived in the unit interval is considered based on to Passenger arrival rate, be designated as f) and the service class facility traffic capacity (consider in the unit interval by maximum patronage, be designated as the consideration of c) two aspect factors, set up service class facility delay estimation model.

(53) class facility delay estimation model is changed to

The transfer class facility of hinge can be divided into two kinds again: platform and parking lot, and these two kinds of facilities have very large difference due to the mode of transportation difference of plugging into.

Platform, Transfer Infrastructure of namely waiting, can investigate the size of its ability from two aspects, being on the one hand the carrying capacity that platform meets the passenger that waits and stands, is that ability dredged by the collection of institute's feeder bus sytem mode on the other hand.From the transfer process of passenger, scarce capacity dredged by the wait collection of Transfer Infrastructure of having its source in of causing incuring loss through delay, namely when the departure interval of the mode of transportation that platform facilities is accepted long (or the departure frequency of this circuit is too small in the unit interval), to make after passenger's in-track platform, without vehicle service, to cause waiting delay.Therefore, only have collection to dredge the Transfer Infrastructure guarantee passenger that waits that matches of ability to go on a journey omnidistance seamless connection.

Parking lot, i.e. park and shift facility, it is mainly from the carrying capacity provided for storing cycle to weigh the adaptability of its ability, when carrying capacity can meet storing cycle demand, passenger from track traffic departures transfer bicycle or private car, or stop enter the station transfer public transport process in all can not there is waiting delay.

(6) based on delay estimation model, based on the pedestrian stream network describing whole hinge, the Bi-level Programming Models that a hinge facility ability is optimized is built, to realize the coordination ability configuration of all kinds of means of transportation in hinge.

In order to carry out the program and design of hinge facility ability, hinge inside is abstracted into a miniature pedestrian stream network by us, urban track traffic hub is a complicated system, be usually directed to the transfer between the various ways such as track traffic, regular public traffic, bicycle, passenger realizes transfer by all kinds of walking facility, and therefore the inner various mode of transportation website of city junction of park and shift and the walking facility being connected these websites constitute a complicated pedestrian stream network.

The dwell point of passenger on all kinds of facility is regarded as the summit (point) of network, by passenger flow from a dwell point directly to another dwell point the path of process regard as arc, dwell point and the respective paths of various passenger flow mobile process in urban track traffic hub form a network.Passenger is exactly the corresponding consumption of various passenger flow at this some the residence time on each facility dwell point, passenger from a dwell point to the run duration of another dwell point be exactly the consumption of various passenger flow on corresponding arc.

Set up the Bilevel Programming Problem (Bi-levelProgramming that urban track traffic hub facility ability is optimized, be called for short BLP) model, its objective function is that total generalized impedance of hinge network is minimized, the mathematical programming problem that can be expressed as:

Upper strata planning is system optimal problem:

$\min Z_1=\underset{l\∈A_w}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{x}_l{t}_l^w(\·)+\underset{l\∈A_p}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{x}_l{t}_l^p(\·)+\underset{l\∈A_b}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{x}_l{t}_l^b(\·)$

s.t.

$\underset{l\∈A_p}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{\mathrm{\α}}_l^0{u}_l^0+\underset{l\∈A_w}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{\mathrm{\α}}_l^0{w}_l^0+\underset{l\∈A_b}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{\mathrm{\α}}_l^0{n}_l^0\≤B^0---\left(1\right)$

$\underset{l\∈A}{\mathrm{\Σ}}({\mathrm{\α}}_l{\mathrm{\Δ}}_l+{\mathrm{\β}}_l)\≤B---\left(2\right)$

${\mathrm{\Δ}}_l-M_l\≤0,\∀l---\left(3\right)$

$\stackrel{\‾}{k_l}(x_l,w_l)\≤{\mathrm{LOS}}_l,\∀l\∈A_w---\left(4\right)$

$x_l-c_l\≤0,\∀l\∈A_p---\left(6\right)$

$x_l,u_l,w_l,n_l,{\mathrm{\Δ}}_l,u_l^0,w_l^0,n_l^0\≥0,\∀l---\left(7\right)$

Lower floor's planning is user's optimal problem:

$\min Z_2=\underset{l}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{\∫}_0^{x_l}{t}_l(\·)\mathrm{dx}---\left(8\right)$

s.t.

$\underset{k}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{f}_k^{\mathrm{rs}}=q_{\mathrm{rs}},\∀r,s---\left(9\right)$

$f_k^{\mathrm{rs}}\≥0,\∀k,r,s---\left(10\right)$

$x_l=\underset{r}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{s}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{k}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{f}_k^{\mathrm{rs}}\·{\mathrm{\δ}}_{l,k}^{\mathrm{rs}},\∀l---\left(11\right)$

In the plan model of upper strata, in formula: represent the maximum travel time function of channel types facility; represent the maximum delay time at stop function of service class facility; represent the average waiting time function of transfer class facility of waiting; Objective function Z1 is the efficiency optimization of hinge pedestrian network system.

Formula (1) represents initial outlay constraint, for initial decision value the investment of its variable cost should be met and be less than initial outlay B ⁰, do not consider fixed investment part.

Formula (2) represents that the cost of investment of facility ability increment should be less than investment ceiling B, comprises fixed investment and variable investment part.

Formula (3) represents that the ability increment of any arc l is less than increases upper limit M _l.

Formula (4) is the Restriction of Service Level of channel types facility, and known average density is flow rate x _lwith facility width w _lfunction, reach service level class according to the expectation of the channel types service facility determined and facility ability retrained.

Formula (5) and formula (6) represent for any service class facility, and its ability is subject to the constraint of flow, and ability should at AFR x _lwith instantaneous maximum flow rate between.

Formula (7) is nonnegativity restrictions.

Lower floor's plan model is the User Equilibrium model of a standard, under the capacity scheme scheme that upper strata is given, in transfer process, the optimizing paths of traveler between stair and staircase, between many transferring passage, between different bus platform facility meets UE criterion.

Formula (8) is lower floor's object of planning function, Z2 represent the time impedance function integration of all arcs and, itself is what economic meanings intuitively not.

Constraint (9) represents the Conservation Relationship between path flow and OD flow;

Constraint (10) is for path flow is on the occasion of constraint;

Constraint (11) is the incidence relation between arc stream amount and path flow.

(7) on the basis that hinge means of transportation layout and ability are optimized, concrete scale, the area of tackling every class facility carry out Micro Instructional Design.Just as carrying out traffic channelling and singnal configuration design to a crossing, the Micro Instructional Design of local is the important step improving hinge design.

(71) design of passage, stair

The key of passage and stair traffic design is the determination of width and passage, stair combination configuration between the two.

The width of channel types facility expects that the service level kept is determined according to facility---pedestrian's service level is determined according to the obtainable area of standing of pedestrian, and therefore service level threshold value may be used for determining suitable design feature parameter.

(72) design of the service facility such as ticket checking facility

Service class facility can because the service ability of optional information desk be less than Passenger arrival rate and occasions a delay, and the key of therefore its design is the quantity determining information desk.Its quantity can directly obtain the number of selling ticket checking facility etc. according to hinge facility ability Optimized model.

Meanwhile, ticket checking machine should be arranged perpendicular to passenger flow direction.Enter the station ticketing spot, ticket checking machine should be arranged in side towards the descending passenger flow direction of platform; Departures ticketing spot, ticket checking machine should be arranged in the side in the up passenger flow direction of station layer, should near gateway.Layout is sold, ticket checking facility time can with reference to following provisions:

Ticket machine is not less than 5m apart from gateway, subway station, and ticket checking machine is not less than 8m apart from subway gateway;

Ticket machine is not less than 6m apart from ticket checking machine;

Ticketing spot should be arranged on the intersection in paid area and non-payment district.

(73) public transit vehicle stops the design in district

The citation form of bus parking area can be divided into run-in index and serration type.Generally speaking, serration type stops the ground utilization of form a little more than run-in index, and its deflection angle also can carry out suitable adjustment.In practical application, should design in conjunction with the suitable stop form of the feature selecting of the shape facility in the functional area of comprehensive hinge, land character, plot and parked vehicles.

Whether suitable stopway width is, is directly connected to land area and traffic safety, generally can determine that its width is 3m.In order to be independent of each other when ensureing vehicles while passing hinge, zigzag parking stall can be set.The prerequisite of this set is the design length that Vehicle length must not exceed platform.

The width of runway is by motorbus stop position and the pose pattern decision waiting position.Common curb-to-curb width is generally 3.25-3.5m.Use frequent, when platform long, parking stall may be waited in opposite, one-way traffic runway is wide needs 6.5m; In order to make vehicle normally can drive through on the left of parked vehicles, two-way traffic curb-to-curb width needs 7.0m.

(74) design of bus platform

The area of bus platform directly reflects hinge service level, and its spatial area needs to guarantee that platform capacity is greater than the number of waiting of design service level, can not merely using the area design standards as platform space up to standard.The shape of platform and structure are subject to the restriction of many factor of system, and the length of platform is subject to public transit vehicle and stops the impact such as mode, public transit vehicle size; The width of platform determines according to the walking demand of DYNAMIC DISTRIBUTION on platform of station structure, passenger and queueing form, passenger.

Platform can be divided into following several region: region of waiting, walking areas of dropping off the guests, non-time are taken advantage of area of space, platform shared by selection area (region that on platform, passenger does not use), seat, pillar and other barrier and gone to the joining place etc. of other facility direction passage.Can determine to take up an area space per capita according to selected service level, the demand of waiting of platform in the estimation regular period, calculate district's area of waiting, and calculate extra walking width, consider that unavailable extra platform space comprises the non-time that passenger do not use and takes advantage of selection area and physical obstacle, platform increases 1m buffer area (or every limit increases 0.5m) in addition, calculates above-mentioned several the total area that sum is bus platform.

5, public vehicles P+R parking lot

Public parking area for park and shift in urban track traffic hub generally has following several form: (1) is arranged on the park-and-ride place of underground in junction; (2) the special parking building that junction is other, or utilize the solid parking space in hinge synthesis; (3) remaining space of municipal traffic facility is utilized, as edge, urban green space, street central island, auxiliary one-way road kerbside etc.; (4) by means of around Public parking area, Metro hub is due to traffic convenience, and periphery grouped commercial, exists the terminals society shutdown system that a large amount of commercial centers subterranean layer or other restricted parking area are formed.

The area that the scale in public vehicles P+R parking lot parks shared area and vehicle and passenger passageway movable in parking lot primarily of public vehicles determines, can calculate according to the following formula.

$S_{\mathrm{car}}=\frac{N_{\mathrm{car}}\·t_{\mathrm{car}}\·{\stackrel{\‾}{s}}_{\mathrm{car}}}{P_{\mathrm{car}}\·{\mathrm{\α}}_{\mathrm{car}}\·{\mathrm{\β}}_{\mathrm{car}}}$

In formula,

N _car---adopt the ridership of park and shift in 10 minutes peak periods, unit: people;

T _car---the average storage period of each motor vehicle, unit: min;

---the equal area of the car shared by each motor vehicles parking, unit: m ²;

P _car---the average seating capacity of public vehicles, unit: people/;

α _car---the parking lot saturation degree under expectation of service;

β _bike---the vehicle number of park and shift accounts in parking lot the number percent of the sum that parks cars, unit: %;

S _car---the occupation of land scale in public vehicles parking lot, unit: m ².

(76) bicycle storing district

In urban track traffic hub with the transfer of bicycle be a kind of comparatively flexibly and the transfer manner of low-carbon (LC), the passenger generally taking advantage of bicycle to leave or arrive hinge causes hardly in bicycle storing district and larger parks delay, if but demand is deposited in the transfer that the facility scale of storage area cannot meet bicycle, or arrange unreasonable, also can cause the traffic order of hinge and the confusion of transfer environment, therefore the microcosmic localized design in bicycle storing district is also very important.

The scale in bicycle storing district mainly considers the spatial area shared by bicycle parking and passageway, and its computing formula is as follows:

$S_{\mathrm{bike}}=\frac{N_{\mathrm{bike}}\·t_{\mathrm{bike}}\·{\stackrel{\‾}{s}}_{\mathrm{bike}}}{{\mathrm{\α}}_{\mathrm{bike}}\·{\mathrm{\β}}_{\mathrm{bike}}}$

In formula,

N _bike---the number of bicycle parking transfer in 10 minutes peak periods, unit: people;

T _bike---the average resting period of each bicycle, unit: min;

---the average area required for each bicycle storing, unit: m ², generally get 1.8m ²/;

α _bike---the saturation degree in the bicycle storing district under expectation of service;

β _bike---the bicycle number of park and ride accounts for the number percent of storing bicycle sum in storage area, unit: %;

S _bike---the design area in bicycle storing district, unit: m ².

The shape of parking space will be suited measures to local conditions, should not lay down hard and fast rule or machinery is copied mechanically, can design according to contoured, parking mode can adopt rectilinear or indented form, the width of walkway of lay-by can get push away one or two cars walking needed for width be advisable, be generally 1.2 ~ 1.5 meters.

Last it is noted that obviously, above-described embodiment is only for the application's example is clearly described, and the restriction not to embodiment.For those of ordinary skill in the field, can also make other changes in different forms on the basis of the above description.Here exhaustive without the need to also giving all embodiments.And thus the apparent change of amplifying out or variation be still among the protection domain of the application's type.

Claims (4)

1. based on a track traffic hub facilities design method for in-line analysis, it is characterized in that: described in-line analysis comprises the method for expressing of streamline, streamline generation, conflict point analysis, streamline optimization and conflict resolving; Described track traffic hub facilities design method, comprises hinge facility layout and hinge facility Micro Instructional Design, and wherein, described hinge facility layout comprises the classification of hinge facility, facility layout's Optimized model and layout optimization flow process; Described hinge facility Micro Instructional Design comprises means of transportation delay estimation model, facility ability Optimized model and the design of hinge microcosmic traffic.

2. method for designing as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the streamline in described in-line analysis, is in transport hub, due to the collecting and distributing activity of all kinds of personnel, vehicle, article, produces certain flow process and glide path; The method for expressing of described streamline comprises flow chart notation and organization chart representation; The generation of described streamline, be visual pattern indicate the distribution of pedestrian in urban track traffic hub and trend, convert the inner passenger flow OD distribution matrix of hinge to by each mode of transportation Transfer Matrix of hinge; Conflict during described conflict point analysis and conflict disappear, comprises streamline and crosses/shunt the complexity intertexture conflict point that the abrasion interference, the streamline that cause intersect the interspersed intersection conflict that causes and open space; Described streamline optimization and conflict resolving adopt intersection external moving method and physics patterning method.

3. method for designing as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described hinge facility comprises channel types facility, service class facility, transfer class facility and info class facility; Described facility layout optimizes the foundation comprising the basic demand of optimization, the calculating of utility index and Optimized model; Described layout optimization flow process comprises facility analysis, hinge passenger flows line analysis, sets up hinge facility layout optimization model.

4. method for designing as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that described means of transportation delay estimation comprises channel types facility delay estimation, service class facility is incured loss through delay and transfer class facility is incured loss through delay; Described facility ability Optimized model comprises abstract, the definition of variable symbol of hinge network, non-linear bi-level optimal model builds, heuristic solving strategy algorithm; The design of described microcosmic traffic comprises the design of access staircase, the design of selling ticket checking facility, the design of Public Transport Transfer facility, the design of public vehicles park-and-ride place, the design of bicycle parking district and information service facilities design.