CN104407506A - Compressive sensing theory-based digital holographic imaging device and imaging method - Google Patents
Compressive sensing theory-based digital holographic imaging device and imaging method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a compressive sensing theory-based digital holographic imaging device which comprises an image generation module, an image acquisition module and an image processing module, wherein the image generation module is used for generating a holographic image; the image acquisition module is used for acquiring the image, and transmitting image data to the image processing module; the image processing module is used for performing 3D (three-dimensional) object reconstruction imaging on the image data; the image acquisition module comprises a digital micro-mirror device for acquiring and compressing the holographic image generated by the image generation module so as to generate a compressed holographic image, a lens for converging an interference holographic image, a single-photon detector for acquiring an optical signal of the interference holographic image and an A/D (analogue/digital) converter for converting the optical signal to a digital signal. The invention also provides a compressive sensing theory-based digital holographic imaging method.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to digital hologram imaging field, be specifically related to a kind of digital hologram imaging device based on compressed sensing theory and detection method thereof.
Background technology
Holographic imaging method has the feature of recording and reconstruction object phase and complex amplitude information, especially has significant advantage for the 3D object of real world and the imaging of 3D scene.Digital hologram replaces photographic plate recording hologram with optoelectronic sensor (as CCD or CMOS), then by hologram stored in computing machine, realize by computing machine simulated optical diffraction process the reconstruction of hologram and the process that are recorded object.
It is low that digital hologram has cost of manufacture compared with traditional optical holography, and image taking speed is fast, the advantages such as recording and reconstruction is flexible.But several years in the past, huge frequency span requires and transmission holographic data amount is the principal element that restriction Digital Holography is applied always.
Compressed sensing (CS) technology is that the research of imaging field provides a new direction, and the many application newly therefore based on compressed sensing technology are risen in holographic field.Traditional holographic imaging adopts CCD or the cmos imaging of face battle array, and under high resolving power or specific wavelength condition, hardware cost is very high.And adopt the single pixel imaging system based on compressed sensing to utilize single photon detector to solve face battle array difficult in imaging, greatly can be lowered into picture device cost, greatly reduce volume of transmitted data simultaneously, be a kind of feasible scheme.Such based in the imaging scheme of single pixel, both can adopt the photoelectric detector of cheap and simple, also can choose high-end photoelectric detector according to system requirements.Superconducting single-photon detecting device is exactly a kind of high sensitivity of newly-developed, the high side photo-detector of low noise, has the advantage of low dark situation counting and high detection rate.But due to the restriction of device configuration, there is the difficulty of some face battle array imagings in existing superconducting single-photon detector.
In addition, current compression holographic technique both domestic and external all needs to record several holograms, and this method, owing to needing repeatedly to regulate the phase place of reference light, therefore can cause error to experimental result.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome shortcoming of the prior art with not enough, provide that a kind of data volume is little, highly sensitive, wide, the widely used digital hologram imaging device based on compressed sensing theory of the low imaging band of cost.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions: a kind of digital hologram imaging device based on compressed sensing theory, comprise Computer image genration module, image capture module and image processing module, described Computer image genration CMOS macro cell hologram image, after described image capture module gathers image, view data is sent to described image processing module, what described image processing module carried out 3D object to view data reconstructs picture.Described image capture module comprises:
Digital Micromirror Device (Digital Micromirror Device, DMD), for gathering the hologram generated with compressed image generation module, thus generates compression hologram;
Lens, for converging compression hologram;
Single photon detector, gathers the light signal of compression hologram;
A/D converter, for converting light signal to digital signal, and is sent to image processing module.
Further, described single photon detector comprises coupling light device, superconducting single-photon detecting device sum counter; Light signal is sent on superconduction optoelectronic detector by described fiber coupler, and carries out single-point detection by superconduction optoelectronic detector, then is counted photon number by counter.
Further, described Computer image genration module is that Mach increases Dare interferometer.This Mach increases Dare interferometer and comprises laser instrument, optical filter, beam expander, electric light phaseshift modulator and reflective mirror.This laser instrument sends a branch of linear polarization laser beam, the light beam of photon level is become after the decay of this laser beam mating plate after filtration, light beam is broken down into two-beam ripple after the first beam expander, wherein a branch of formation reference light wave by electric light phase place phase converter phase modulation, another restraints then direct irradiation object formation light wave.After the second beam expander is interfered, form hologram through the object light of object illumination and the reference light of another road light path and project to above DMD.
And this imaging system also comprises image transmission module and image storage module, be respectively used to transmit and store the view data after image processing module process.
Meanwhile, the present invention also provides a kind of digital hologram formation method based on compressed sensing theory.
Based on a digital hologram formation method for compressed sensing theory, comprise the steps:
S1: interfere hologram by Computer image genration CMOS macro cell;
S2: image capture module carries out collect and process to hologram image, and converts light signal to digital signal, is resent to image processing module;
S3: image processing module is first reconstructed 3D object, and then the image procossing such as filtering, noise reduction is carried out to Recovery image.
Further, described step S2 comprises the following steps:
S21: interference hologram is projected to Digital Micromirror Device and carries out Sampling Compression, forms compression hologram;
S22: compression hologram, through the convergence of lens, is collected in single photon detector;
S23: single photon detector carries out single-point detection and photoelectron counting to light signal, then converts light signal to digital signal by A/D converter, and is sent to image processing module.
Further, described step S3 comprises the following steps:
S31: the in-line hologram of restructing algorithm reconstruct in Digital Micromirror Device plane utilizing compressed sensing;
S32: utilize TwIST algorithm to reconstruct original 3D object.
Above-mentioned two steps are carried out in a computer.
And the described digital hologram formation method based on compressed sensing theory also comprises step S4: the image after image processing module process transfers to storer by transport module and stores.
Compared to prior art, a kind of digital hologram imaging device based on compressed sensing theory of the present invention and formation method thereof, break the restriction of traditional face battle array formation method, single photon detector is utilized to obtain image information, in conjunction with the reconstruction algorithm of compressed sensing theory and digital hologram reproducting method by original 3D object reconstruction out, highly sensitive, cost is low, imaging band is wide, can be widely used in full light and Dim light measurement.
In order to the present invention can be understood more clearly, below with reference to accompanying drawing, elaboration the specific embodiment of the present invention is described.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structured flowchart of the digital hologram imaging device based on compressed sensing theory of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structured flowchart of image capture module 120 shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the digital hologram imaging device based on compressed sensing theory of the present invention.
Embodiment
Refer to Fig. 1, it is the structured flowchart of the digital hologram imaging device based on compressed sensing theory of the present invention.Computer image genration module 110, image capture module 120, image processing module 130, image transmission module 140 and image storage module 150 should be comprised based on the digital hologram imaging device 100 of compressed sensing theory.
This Computer image genration module 110 generating hologram picture, after this image capture module 120 pairs of images gather, view data is sent to described image processing module 130, what described image processing module 130 pairs of view data carried out 3D object reconstructs picture, is sent to memory module 150 afterwards stores by transport module 140.Wherein, this Computer image genration module 110 is Mach increasing Dare interferometer.
Please refer to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, wherein, Fig. 2 is the structured flowchart of image capture module 120 shown in Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the digital hologram imaging device based on compressed sensing theory of the present invention.This image capture module 120 comprises DMD121, lens 122, single photon detector 123 and A/D converter 124.Described single photon detector 123 comprises coupling light device 1231, superconducting single-photon detector 1232 sum counter 1233.Light signal is sent on superconduction optoelectronic detector 1232 by described fiber coupler 1231, and carries out single-point detection by superconduction optoelectronic detector 1232, then is counted by counter 1233 pairs of photon number.Particularly, DMD121 adopts the D4100DMD model of TI company to be 0.55 " XGA, its true resolution is 1024x 768 (XGA), and speed is maximum reaches 22614 frames per second.Superconducting single-photon detector 1232 adopts U.S. thorlabs company PDA36A-EC detector.
Particularly, described Mach increasing Dare interferometer comprises laser instrument 111, neutral density filter 112, first beam expander 113, first catoptron 114, second beam expander 115, second catoptron 116 and electric light phaseshift modulator 117.A branch of linear polarization laser beam that this laser instrument 111 sends becomes the light beam of photon level after the decay of neutral density filter 112, and light beam is decomposed into two-beam ripple through the first beam expander 113, and wherein light beam ripple forms reference light wave u
r(x
h, y
h), and by electric light phase place phase converter 117 phase modulation, another restraints then direct irradiation object formation light wave u
h(x
h, y
h).Formed on DMD121 after the second beam expander 115 is interfered through the object light of object illumination and the reference light of another road light path and interfere hologram I
h(x
h, y
h).The sampling compressing hologram just can be obtained by the stochastic linear measured value of the interference pattern in calculating DMD121 plane and calculation matrix, then through the convergence of lens 122, collect in an extremely sensitive single photon detector 123 be made up of fiber coupler 1231, superconducting single-photon detector 1232 and counter 1233, single-point detection is carried out to light signal, again the light signal collected is converted to digital signal by A/D converter 124, is then sent to image processing module 130 and reconstructs original 3D object by the reconstruction algorithm of compressed sensing.
Below illustrate this digital hologram formation method based on compressed sensing theory:
S1: increase Dare interferometer by Mach and generate interference hologram;
S2: image capture module carries out collect and process to hologram image, and converts light signal to digital signal, is resent to image processing module;
S3: image processing module is first reconstructed 3D object, and then the image procossing such as filtering, noise reduction is carried out to Recovery image.
S4: the image after image processing module process transfers to storer by transport module and stores.
Further, this step S2 is specifically further comprising the steps of:
S21: interference hologram is projected to Digital Micromirror Device and carries out Sampling Compression, forms compression hologram;
S22: compression hologram, through the convergence of lens, is collected in single photon detector;
S23: single photon detector carries out single-point detection and photoelectron counting to light signal, then converts light signal to digital signal by A/D converter, and is sent to image processing module.
Further, this step S3 is specifically further comprising the steps of:
S31: the in-line hologram of restructing algorithm reconstruct in Digital Micromirror Device plane utilizing compressed sensing;
S32: utilize TwIST algorithm to reconstruct initial three-dimensional object.
Particularly, want compressed sensing theory to be successfully incorporated in the restructing algorithm of digital hologram to go, restructuring procedure must be processed, make it adapt to the fundamental equation of compressed sensing.This needs the information digital hologram information of multidimensional being become one dimension to process.Therefore, under the guidance of this basic thought, the restructuring procedure of the present invention to digital hologram processes, and then reaches the object two technology combined.
The 3D original objects of the present invention in O (x, y, z) representative emulation, wherein x, y, z represent the coordinate position of object respectively.Now, the fresnel diffraction light field u of 3D object in DMD plane
hcan be expressed as
u
H(x
H,y
H)＝∫∫∫o(x,y,z)h(x
H-x,y
H-y,z
H-z)dxdydz, (1)
Wherein x
hand y
hrepresent the coordinate position in DMD plane respectively, h represents the point spread function of fresnel diffraction.Formula (1) can be reduced to
u
H＝Ho, (2)
When DMD plane captures the width hologram I increasing the generation of Dare interferometer with Mach
htime, the present invention is by I
hbe expressed as
I
H(x
H,y
H)＝|u
r+u
H|
2＝|u
r|
2+|u
H|
2+u
r *u
H+u
ru
H *, (3)
Wherein u
rand u
hrepresent the reference light in DMD plane and object light respectively, symbol * represents conjugate complex number.Due in holography | u
r|
2a constant, so its impact produced hologram can be ignored.| u
h|
2the error e in digital hologram model can be seen as, so formula (3) can be reduced to
I
H(x
H,y
H)＝|u
H|
2+u
r *u
H+u
ru
H *＝2Re(u
H)+|u
H|
2＝2Re(u
H)+e. (4)
When ignoring the affecting of error e, can obtain approx
Holographic data I is completed by the reflex of DMD while DMD forms interference pattern
hwith the linear measurement of the calculation matrix Φ produced by DMD, obtain a measured value
Wherein y
mthe measured value that m is capable,
the m being the calculation matrix produced by DMD is capable.The present invention is in the acquisition process of holographic data, the inner product of the calculation matrix produced by calculation interferogram sample and DMD121 completes the compression of data while sampling, and it is similar that detailed process and single pixel camera obtain image process: as the single holographic figure I being increased Dare interferometer by Mach and generate
hwhen being obtained by DMD121, under the effect of RNG, the micro mirror array of DMD121 is in pseudo-random state 1, random for interference pattern is reflexed to one of+12 ° and-12 ° of both directions, then obtains a measured value by the weighting effect of superconducting single-photon detector 1232 and said process is repeated to obtain formula (7) measured value for M time.
Y＝[y
1y
2...y
m...y
M]＝<Ψ,I
H>, (7)
Finally, optical signals A/D converter 124 is converted to digital signal, is transferred to computing machine by traditional channel, carries out Image Reconstruction by image processing module 130.
Based on this method, the present invention completes the compression collection of 3D hologram image under the condition of full area of light, and data volume can height reduction simultaneously.
After the compression sampling completing whole image, first the present invention according to the data obtained in the holographic sampling process of compression, utilizes the restructing algorithm l of compressed sensing
1_ magic reconstructs the width in-line hologram in DMD plane
Due in object space testee and background often difference is comparatively large, have larger gradient in edge, the present invention adopts full variation (TV) Method for minimization to carry out constraint solving.When considering the affecting of superconducting single-photon in the middle of testing, this experimental result will be subject to the impact of photon count rate, dark count digit rate and measurement noises.At this stable temperature and deflection condition, photon count rate and the dark count digit rate of superconducting single-photon are stable, so the present invention only considers the impact of measurement noises on experimental system, therefore, formula (8) can be transformed to this formula following:
Wherein E ~ G (μ, σ) refers to measurement noises, the Gaussian noise of this measurement noises is an average to be μ standard deviation be σ.
Once this hologram in DMD plane
obtained by computer calculate, according to formula (5), have sparse characteristic the process of reconstruction of this original 3D object O (x, y, z) can an optimized problem be regarded, then utilize the minimized method of TV to rebuild:
An algorithm in compressed sensing: TwIST algorithm, with solving this optimization problem, namely can reconstruct original 3D object from a minimized objective function:
Here,
refer to l
2norm, τ is a regularization parameter, and TV (o) is a regularization matrix by TV constraint.This objective function last by non-quadratic term regularization, thus can solve the ill-conditioning problem of this linear transformation.
In emulation experiment, optical maser wavelength is that λ=632.8nm, DMD adopt be the D4100DMD model of TI company is 0.55 " XGA, wherein the pel spacing of DMD is 3 μm, and the size of calculation matrix Φ is 64 × 64.This experiment gray level image simulated photons density image, and by a 3D object with the simulation of T, F, E, H tetra-letter, these four letters are placed on distance DMD plane respectively and are respectively on the position of 0.03m to 0.12m.We regulate electro-optic phase modulator to be set to 0 with reference to the phase place of ripple.Measurement noises in analogue system is E ~ G (0,2).By the above-mentioned digital hologram formation method based on compressed sensing theory, successfully obtain the original 3D object recovered when recovery hologram when sampling rate is 50% in DMD plane and sampling rate are 50%.
Compared to prior art, a kind of digital hologram imaging device based on compressed sensing theory of the present invention and formation method thereof, break the restriction of traditional face battle array formation method, single photon detector is utilized to obtain image information, in conjunction with the reconstruction algorithm of compressed sensing theory and digital hologram reproducting method by original 3D object reconstruction out, highly sensitive, cost is low, imaging band is wide, can be widely used in full light and Dim light measurement.
The present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment, if do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention to various change of the present invention or distortion, if these are changed and distortion belongs within claim of the present invention and equivalent technologies scope, then the present invention is also intended to comprise these changes and distortion.
Claims (8)
1. the digital hologram imaging device based on compressed sensing theory, comprise Computer image genration module, image capture module and image processing module, described Computer image genration CMOS macro cell hologram image, view data is sent to described image processing module after carrying out collect and process to image by described image capture module, and what described image processing module carried out 3D object to view data reconstructs picture; It is characterized in that: described image capture module comprises
Digital Micromirror Device, for gathering the hologram generated with compressed image generation module, thus generates compression hologram;
Lens, for converging compression hologram;
Single photon detector, gathers the light signal of compression hologram;
A/D converter, for converting light signal to digital signal, and is sent to image processing module.
2. the digital hologram imaging device based on compressed sensing theory according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described single photon detector comprises coupling light device, superconducting single-photon detecting device sum counter; Light signal is sent on superconduction optoelectronic detector by described fiber coupler, and carries out single-point detection by superconduction optoelectronic detector, then is counted photon number by counter.
3. the digital hologram imaging device based on compressed sensing theory according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described Computer image genration module is that Mach increases Dare interferometer.
4. the digital hologram imaging device based on compressed sensing theory according to any one of claim 1-3, is characterized in that: also comprise image transmission module and image storage module, is respectively used to transmit and store the view data after image processing module process.
5., based on a digital hologram formation method for compressed sensing theory, it is characterized in that: comprise the steps
S1: interfere hologram by Computer image genration CMOS macro cell;
S2: image capture module carries out collect and process to hologram image, and converts light signal to digital signal, is resent to image processing module;
S3: image processing module is first reconstructed 3D object, and then the image procossing such as filtering, noise reduction is carried out to Recovery image.
6. the digital hologram formation method based on compressed sensing theory according to claim 5, is characterized in that: described step S2 comprises the following steps:
S21: interference hologram is projected to Digital Micromirror Device and carries out Sampling Compression, forms compression hologram;
S22: compression hologram, through the convergence of lens, is collected in single photon detector;
S23: single photon detector carries out single-point detection and photoelectron counting to light signal, then converts light signal to digital signal by A/D converter, and is sent to image processing module.
7. the digital hologram formation method based on compressed sensing theory according to claim 6, is characterized in that: described step S3 comprises the following steps:
S31: the restructing algorithm l utilizing compressed sensing
1the in-line hologram of _ magic reconstruct in Digital Micromirror Device plane;
S32: utilize TwIST algorithm to reconstruct original 3D object.
8. the digital hologram formation method based on compressed sensing theory according to any one of claim 5-7, is characterized in that: also comprise step S4: the image after image processing module process transfers to storer by transport module and stores.
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| CN107367919A (en) * | 2017-09-01 | 2017-11-21 | 清华大学深圳研究生院 | A kind of digital holographic imaging systems and method |
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