CN104406708B - The temperature measurement system and method for electrically heated glass - Google Patents
The temperature measurement system and method for electrically heated glass Download PDFInfo
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- CN104406708B CN104406708B CN201410584493.8A CN201410584493A CN104406708B CN 104406708 B CN104406708 B CN 104406708B CN 201410584493 A CN201410584493 A CN 201410584493A CN 104406708 B CN104406708 B CN 104406708B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the defrosting-defogging field of glass product, the more particularly to temperature measurement technology of electrically heated glass, particularly provide a kind of system and method for utilization temperature-coefficient of electrical resistance to measure the temperature of electrically heated glass.The temperature measurement system of the electrically heated glass includes glass plate, electrical heating elements and power supply, and also including current measuring device or electric resistance measuring apparatus, current measuring device or electric resistance measuring apparatus can measure electrical heating elements electric current I after powered up or resistance R；The temperature for being provided with the glass pane surface of electrical heating elements is equal to temperature T of the electrical heating elements.The present invention can avoid temperature sensors multiple in glass surface arrangement, reduce cost；Measured temperature is the overall equivalent temperature of glass, can effectively reflect the bulk temperature distribution of glass；The sight line of glass appearance and in-car or indoor occupant is not affected, when shield glass is applied to, interference is not produced to driver's sight line, is improved the security of running car.
Description
Technical field：
The present invention relates to the defrosting-defogging field of glass product, the more particularly to temperature measurement technology of electrically heated glass,
A kind of system and method for utilization temperature-coefficient of electrical resistance to measure the temperature of electrically heated glass are particularly provideed, while also providing one
Plant car glass system and demisting, the method for defrosting for being capable of automatic defrosting demisting.
Background technology：
Under arctic weather, on vehicle glass and building glass, frosting is tended to；Or when automobile is in-car and indoor
Humidity is higher, temperature and during larger external environment difference, fogging is also susceptible on vehicle glass and building glass；So as to shadow
In-car and indoor observation sight line and their outward appearance are rung, the automobile front windshield glass in the good visual field is particularly provided to driver
Glass, if which occurs frosting fogging phenomenon above, will have a strong impact on the sight line of driver, easily cause security incident, thus
Necessarily require windshield glass of automobile that there is the function of defrosting-defogging.With the development of technology, it is known that by electric current by being arranged at
The electrical heating elements (such as silver paste printing heater wire, wire or nesa coating etc.) of automobile wind shield glass surface or inside,
Can generate heat to heating windshield by electrical heating elements, so as to improve the temperature of automobile wind shield glass, to realize removing
The function of white demisting.These electric heating functions are provided to guarantee glass appearance and visual performance not to be affected by mist and frost, often
The specific product seen have the wired windshield of automobile, automobile plated film windshield, automobile silver paste printing heater wire after shelves glass, build
Build and can heat glass and show window can heat glass etc..
In order to improve the performance of this kind of electrically heated glass, such as security, convenience or even automatic capability etc., with
And the surcharge of glass, generally require the function that they have anti-/ demisting or defrosting automatically.And in order to realize these functions,
Then need to obtain the temperature of glass first, using the defrosting and defogging condition as glass, (whether whether frost layer eliminate, may occur
Whether fogging or demisting complete) basis for estimation.
In prior art, mostly using common temperature sensor measuring the temperature of glass surface, such as Chinese patent
CN103200717A by arrange window in temperature sensor and outside window temperature sensor come the interior appearance of real-time monitoring glass for vehicle window
Face temperature, Chinese patent CN103402280A are detected outside glass body and glass by two temp probes are mounted on glass
The temperature in portion；Chinese patent CN103444259A be also by arranging multiple temperature sensors detecting the temperature of windshield,
These temperature sensors are arranged on the medial and lateral of glass or attach on the glass surface.These measurements based on temperature sensor
Mode, all can only one temperature spot of a temperature sensor measurement, when glass temperature skewness and need measure glass entirety
During temperature, then need to arrange multiple temperature sensors in each temperature profile region, it is this by multimetering bulk temperature
Easily there is data distortion in mode；Meanwhile, the temperature sensor being arranged on the interior outside or surface of glass often affects which
Outward appearance and visual effect, are particularly applied in the higher windshield of security requirement, when temperature sensor is arranged in
In the middle of windshield when (in primary vision area), automobile appearance and optical property will be significantly affected, so as to disturb pilot's line of vision,
Reduce the security of automobile normal running；When windshield edge (outside primary vision area) is arranged in, then can not truly, it is accurate
Really reflect the profiling temperatures of glass primary vision area, reduce defrosting-defogging effect.If being applied to building glass or show window glass
In glass, temperature sensor will also significantly affect glass appearance and visual effect, reduce product competitiveness in the market.
Meanwhile, the mode of the above-mentioned temperature for utilizing temperature sensors for measuring glass surface is applied in defrosting-defogging system
Afterwards, suffer from the drawback that：When glass heating is uneven, needs to arrange multiple temperature sensors, can just accurately reflect each area of glass
The temperature in domain, so as to carry out effectively defrosting-defogging；For example when temperature sensor is arranged on glass edge, it is impossible to faithfully anti-
The temperature of middle section (primary vision area) is answered, so as to defrosting-defogging can not be carried out to middle section effectively；When temperature sensor sets
Put in middle section, glass appearance and visual effect can be significantly affected again, simultaneously for may be used also for shield glass
The security performance of running car can be reduced.
The content of the invention：
The technical problem to be solved is deposited when temperature survey is carried out to electrically heated glass for prior art
The shortcomings of automobile appearance and optical property is significantly affected or the temperature of glass primary vision area can not be reflected truly, exactly, there is provided
The temperature measurement system and method for a kind of electrically heated glass, while also providing a kind of vehicle glass system for being capable of automatic defrosting demisting
System and demisting, the method for defrosting.
The present invention solves its technical problem and is adopted the technical scheme that：The temperature measurement system of electrically heated glass, including
Glass plate, electrical heating elements and power supply, electrical heating elements are arranged on the surface of glass plate, and the electrical heating elements can be led to
So as to heat glass plate, power supply can be in the two ends on-load voltage U of electrical heating elements for electricity heating, it is characterised in that：Also include electricity
Flow measuring apparatus or electric resistance measuring apparatus, current measuring device or electric resistance measuring apparatus can measure electrical heating elements after powered up
Electric current I or resistance R；
When current measuring device is arranged in the temperature measurement system, the temperature of the electrical heating elements is T,
T=T0+[U/(IR0)-1]/α；
When electric resistance measuring apparatus are arranged in the temperature measurement system, the temperature of the electrical heating elements is T,
T=T0+[R/R0-1]/α；
Wherein, T0For normal temperature temperature, R0For the resistance of electrical heating elements at a temperature of normal temperature, resistance temperature of the α for electrical heating elements
Degree coefficient；The temperature for being provided with the glass pane surface of electrical heating elements is equal to temperature T of the electrical heating elements.
Further, electrical heating elements are wire, printing silver paste heater wire or nesa coating.
Further, during electrical heating is in electrical heating elements, the hull-skin temperature T of electrically heated glassSWith electricity
Meet between temperature T of heating element heater：
In formula
Wherein,For the hull-skin temperature of the electrically heated glass at (n+1) moment, T∞For
Ambient temperature, (n+1) characterizes the moment after heating starts after (n+1) individual time step △ t, and △ t are surveyed for the temperature
Amount system is electrically heated the time step of component temperature data record, thickness of the δ for glass plate, heat conduction systems of the k for glass plate
Number, density of the ρ for glass plate, CPFor the specific heat capacity of glass plate, h is that the outer surface of electrically heated glass is changed with the convection current of external environment
Hot coefficient.
Further, when multilayer dielectricity and electrical heating are additionally provided between electrical heating elements and the outer surface of electrically heated glass
When the temperature of glass and electrical heating elements is in stable state, the hull-skin temperature T of electrically heated glassSWith the temperature of electrical heating elements
Meet between degree T：
Wherein, T∞For ambient temperature, △ xiFor the thickness of i-th layer of medium
Degree, kiFor the thermal conductivity factor of i-th layer of medium, convection transfer rates of the h for the outer surface and external environment of electrically heated glass.
Meanwhile, the present invention also provides a kind of application said temperature measuring system to measure the side of the temperature of electrically heated glass
Method, it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps,
Step 1：At normal temperatures, measure the resistance R of electrical heating elements0, the normal temperature temperature is designated as into T0, inquire about or measure electricity
The temperature-coefficient of electrical resistance α of heating element heater；
Step 2：In the two ends on-load voltage U of electrical heating elements, then measurement is passed through the electric current I of electrical heating elements or electric and adds
The resistance R at thermal element two ends；
Step 3：If that what is measured in step 2 is electric current I, using formula T=T0+[U/(IR0) -1] and/α calculate electricity plus
Temperature T of thermal element；
If that what is measured in step 2 is resistance R, using formula T=T0+[R/R0- 1]/α calculates electrical heating elements
Temperature T；
The temperature for being provided with the glass pane surface of electrical heating elements is equal to temperature T of the electrical heating elements.
Further, during electrical heating is in electrical heating elements, the hull-skin temperature T of electrically heated glassSWith electricity
Meet between temperature T of heating element heater：
In formula
Wherein,For the hull-skin temperature of the electrically heated glass at (n+1) moment, T∞For
Ambient temperature, (n+1) characterizes the moment after heating starts after (n+1) individual time step △ t, and △ t are surveyed for the temperature
Amount system is electrically heated the time step of component temperature data record, thickness of the δ for glass plate, heat conduction systems of the k for glass plate
Number, density of the ρ for glass plate, CPFor the specific heat capacity of glass plate, h is that the outer surface of electrically heated glass is changed with the convection current of external environment
Hot coefficient.
Further, when multilayer dielectricity and electrical heating are additionally provided between electrical heating elements and the outer surface of electrically heated glass
When the temperature of glass and electrical heating elements is in stable state, the hull-skin temperature T of electrically heated glassSWith the temperature of electrical heating elements
Meet between degree T：
Wherein, T∞For ambient temperature, △ xiFor the thickness of i-th layer of medium
Degree, kiFor the thermal conductivity factor of i-th layer of medium, convection transfer rates of the h for the outer surface and external environment of electrically heated glass.
Due to taking above-mentioned technical proposal, which has the advantages that the present invention：
The temperature measurement system and method for electrically heated glass of the present invention, by arranging current measuring device or resistance
The electric current or resistance of measurement apparatus direct measurement electrical heating elements, and with reference to the intrinsic temperature-coefficient of electrical resistance of electrical heating elements itself
To obtain the temperature of glass；Not only can so avoid multiple temperature sensors being arranged in glass surface, reduce cost；And
Measured temperature is the overall equivalent temperature of glass, can effectively reflect the bulk temperature distribution of glass, be more beneficial for glass
The judgement of the automatic defrosting demisting condition of glass；Meanwhile, the sight line of glass appearance and in-car or indoor occupant is not affected, when being applied to
During shield glass, interference is not produced to driver's sight line, improve the security of running car.
Description of the drawings：
Fig. 1 is the circuit diagram of the temperature measurement system of the electrically heated glass for being provided with current measuring device；
Fig. 2 is the circuit diagram of the temperature measurement system of the electrically heated glass for being provided with electric resistance measuring apparatus；
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of coated glass with layers of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the car glass system for being capable of automatic defrosting demisting for being provided with current measuring device；
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the car glass system for being capable of automatic defrosting demisting for being provided with electric resistance measuring apparatus；
Fig. 6 is the curve synoptic diagram of air humidity content of the present invention and dew-point temperature relation；
In figure：1, glass plate；2, electrical heating elements；3, power supply；5, control unit；6, humidity sensor；10, electrode；41,
Current measuring device；42, electric resistance measuring apparatus；100, outer glass；101, interior glass；102, pvb film.
Specific embodiment：
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, the temperature measurement system of electrically heated glass of the present invention, including glass plate 1, electricity add
Thermal element 2 and power supply 3, electrical heating elements 2 are arranged on the surface of glass plate 1, and the electrical heating elements 2 can be energized heating
So as to heat glass plate 1, power supply 3 can be in the two ends on-load voltage U of electrical heating elements 2, it is characterised in that：Also survey including electric current
Amount device or electric resistance measuring apparatus, current measuring device or electric resistance measuring apparatus can measure electrical heating elements 2 after powered up
Electric current I or resistance R；So by current measuring device or electric resistance measuring apparatus are set directly at electrical heating elements 2 and power supply 3
In the power circuit of composition, the electric current or resistance of direct measurement electrical heating elements 2, and it is intrinsic with reference to electrical heating elements 2 itself
Temperature-coefficient of electrical resistance, obtains the temperature of electrical heating elements 2.
In fig. 1 it is illustrated that be current measuring device 41, when in the temperature measurement system arrange current measuring device 41
When, the temperature of the electrical heating elements 2 is T,
T=T0+[U/(IR0)-1]/α；
In fig. 2 it is shown that be electric resistance measuring apparatus 42, when in the temperature measurement system arrange electric resistance measuring apparatus 42
When, the temperature of the electrical heating elements 2 is T,
T=T0+[R/R0-1]/α；
Wherein, T0For normal temperature temperature, R0For the resistance of electrical heating elements at a temperature of normal temperature, resistance temperature of the α for electrical heating elements
Degree coefficient；In the present invention, can be by normal temperature temperature T0It is calculated as 23 DEG C.
Wherein, current measuring device 41 can with High-accuracy direct current ammeter, electric resistance measuring apparatus 42 can be microhmmeter or
Digital ohm meter etc., these can be commercially available.
Specifically, the relation that temperature-coefficient of electrical resistance α is varied with temperature to the resistivity or resistance that characterize conductor, its definition
It is the ratio of the value added of conductor resistance and original resistance when temperature often raises 1 DEG C, unit is ppm/ DEG C (i.e. 10-6/℃)。
Under normal circumstances, the temperature-coefficient of electrical resistance α of common metal conductor is linear relationship for the relation of constant, i.e. resistivity and temperature,
So when temperature is T, the resistivity of conductor is：
ρT=ρ0(1+α△T)；
Wherein, ρ0For temperature T0When conductor resistivity, temperature difference △ T=T-T0, then the resistance of electrical heating elements 2 with
Relation between temperature is：
RT=R0(1+α△T)；
Now, if known normal temperature T0When electrical heating elements 2 resistance R0, and the resistance temperature system of known electrical heating elements 2
Number α, then as long as measuring resistance value R of electrical heating elements 2, just can draw temperature T of now electrical heating elements 2：
T=T0+[R/R0-1]/α；
In practical application, it is also possible to current value I of the measurement by electrical heating elements 2, due to I=U/R, then can also draw
Now temperature T of electrical heating elements 2：
T=T0+[U/(IR0)-1]/α；
In the present invention, the electrical heating elements 2 for adopting for wire, printing silver paste heater wire, nesa coating or its
The conductor of his material, these are all conducting elements commonly used in the art, and temperature-coefficient of electrical resistance α is for constant or can be considered constant,
Resistance R at its normal temperature temperature (such as 23 DEG C)0Can be obtained by resistance instrument direct measurement.Wherein, temperature-coefficient of electrical resistance α can be by public affairs
Inquire about in knowing document and obtain, for example, be commonly used for the tungsten filament of electrical heating elements, the temperature-coefficient of electrical resistance table for inquiring about common metal understands
For 0.0051 (1/ DEG C)；By the conductor resistance value at a temperature of measurement varying environment, then resistance can certainly be calculated
Temperature coefficient α, such as Jing measure I take charge of nesa coating in coated product face sheet resistance be 1.0～4.0m Ω/, resistance temperature
Degree coefficient is 0.001～0.002 (1/ DEG C).
Generally, electrical heating elements 2 are arranged on the surface of glass plate 1, and thickness is very thin, for example, print in automobile silver paste
After heater wire in shelves glass, print on the glass surface as electrical heating elements 2 print heater wire, then the temperature surveyed
Degree T is the temperature for printing heater wire face；For example in the wired windshield of automobile, electrical heating elements 2 are to be clipped in layer glass plate
Between tungsten filament, then temperature T surveyed is that the temperature of glass pane surface that tungsten filament is located (also can be considered the inside of laminated glass
Temperature)；For example in automobile plated film windshield, electrical heating elements 2 are the nesa coating of plating in glass pane surface, then
Temperature T surveyed is the temperature of the glass pane surface that nesa coating is located；Therefore, although above-mentioned measure is electrical heating elements
2 temperature, but electrical heating elements 2 be set directly on the surface of monolithic glass or laminated glass inside, such electrical heating
The temperature of element 2 is exactly the temperature of its place glass pane surface, that is, be provided with temperature of the glass pane surface of electrical heating elements 2 etc.
In temperature T of the electrical heating elements 2.
And work as multilayer dielectricity is additionally provided between electrical heating elements 2 and the outer surface of electrically heated glass and electrically heated glass and
When the temperature of electrical heating elements 2 is in stable state, the hull-skin temperature T of electrically heated glassSWith temperature T of electrical heating elements 2
Between meet：
Wherein, T∞For ambient temperature, △ xiFor the thickness of i-th layer of medium
Degree, kiFor the thermal conductivity factor of i-th layer of medium, convection transfer rates of the h for the outer surface and external environment of electrically heated glass.
As shown in figure 3, by taking coated glass with layers as an example, which is by the outer glass 100 of 2.1mm, 0.76mmPVB diaphragms 102, transparent
In conducting film 2 and 2.1mm, glass 101 is constituted, and is heated under conditions of ambient temperature is for 23 DEG C, obtains electrical heating unit
After the temperature of part 2, the temperature of the inner surface of interior glass 101 can be calculated by above-mentioned formula, it is concrete as shown in table 1：
Table 1：Coated glass with layers is in Temperature Distribution during stable state
| The temperature (DEG C) of nesa coating | 30 | 40 | 50 | 60 |
| The temperature (DEG C) of real inner surface | 30 | 40 | 49 | 59 |
| The temperature (DEG C) of the inner surface of calculating | 30 | 40 | 49 | 60 |
Meanwhile, during electrical heating is in electrical heating elements 2, the hull-skin temperature T of electrically heated glassSWith electrical heating
Meet between temperature T of element：
In formula
Wherein,For the hull-skin temperature of the electrically heated glass at (n+1) moment, T∞For
Ambient temperature, (n+1) characterizes the moment after heating starts after (n+1) individual time step △ t, and △ t are surveyed for the temperature
Amount system is electrically heated the time step of component temperature data record, thickness of the δ for glass plate, heat conduction systems of the k for glass plate
Number, density of the ρ for glass plate, CPFor the specific heat capacity of glass plate, h is that the outer surface of electrically heated glass is changed with the convection current of external environment
Hot coefficient.
As shown in figure 3, by taking coated glass with layers as an example, which is by the outer glass 100 of 2.1mm, 0.76mmPVB diaphragms 102, transparent
In conducting film 2 and 2.1mm, glass 101 is constituted, ambient temperature be under conditions of 23 DEG C respectively with 400,600,800w/m2
Power density heated, the temperature acquisition time step of electrical heating elements 2 is 0.5s, can be calculated by above-mentioned formula
The temperature of the inner surface of interior glass 101, it is concrete as shown in table 2：
Table 2：Temperature Distribution of the coated glass with layers during electrical heating
In fig. 1 and 2, the temperature measurement system of the electrically heated glass also includes control unit 5, described control unit
5 receive 42 data incoming in real time of current measuring device 41 or electric resistance measuring apparatus, are calculated corresponding glass real time temperature；
And can according to the temperature of real-time measurement, correspondingly reduced by the inverter set up or boost source 3 output voltage, so as to
The efficiency of heating surface of electrically heated glass is decreased or increased, the defrosting-defogging effect of glass is improved.
Meanwhile, its thermometry, the method are illustrated with reference to the temperature measurement system of above-mentioned electrically heated glass
Comprise the following steps,
Step 1：At normal temperatures, measure the resistance R of electrical heating elements 20, the normal temperature temperature is designated as into T0, inquire about or measure electricity
The temperature-coefficient of electrical resistance α of heating element heater；
In the present invention, for the ease of being described collectively, the normal temperature temperature is 23 DEG C.Correspondingly, electrical heating elements 2 are adopted
During tungsten filament, its temperature-coefficient of electrical resistance α can be obtained for 0.0051 (1/ DEG C) by inquiry；If electrical heating elements 2 adopt electrically conducting transparent
Film, then can by measurement obtain I take charge of nesa coating in coated product face sheet resistance be 1.0～4.0m Ω/, resistance temperature
Degree coefficient is 0.001～0.002 (1/ DEG C), and concrete numerical value is according to different conducting film measure in actual product.
Step 2：In the two ends on-load voltage U of electrical heating elements 2, then measurement is passed through the electric current I or electricity of electrical heating elements 2
The resistance R at heating element heater two ends；
Specifically, power circuit is constituted, and electric current is surveyed in the two ends on-load voltage U of electrical heating elements 2 by power supply 3
Amount device 41 or electric resistance measuring apparatus 42 are arranged in the power circuit, to the electric current I or electricity of direct measurement electrical heating elements 2
Resistance R.
Step 3：If that what is measured in step 2 is electric current I, using formula T=T0+[U/(IR0) -1] and/α calculate electricity plus
Temperature T of thermal element 2；
If that what is measured in step 2 is resistance R, using formula T=T0+[R/R0- 1]/α calculates electrical heating elements 2
Temperature T；
The temperature for being provided with the glass pane surface of electrical heating elements 2 is equal to temperature T of the electrical heating elements.
Wherein, when multilayer dielectricity and electrical heating glass are additionally provided between electrical heating elements 2 and the outer surface of electrically heated glass
When the temperature of glass and electrical heating elements 2 is in stable state, the hull-skin temperature T of electrically heated glassSWith the temperature of electrical heating elements 2
Meet between degree T：
Wherein, T∞For ambient temperature, △ xiFor the thickness of i-th layer of medium
Degree, kiFor the thermal conductivity factor of i-th layer of medium, convection transfer rates of the h for the outer surface and external environment of electrically heated glass.
Wherein, during electrical heating is in electrical heating elements 2, the hull-skin temperature T of electrically heated glassSWith electrical heating
Meet between temperature T of element：
In formula
Wherein,The hull-skin temperature of the electrically heated glass at moment, T∞For
Ambient temperature, (n+1) characterizes the moment after heating starts after (n+1) individual time step △ t, and △ t are surveyed for the temperature
Amount system is electrically heated the time step of component temperature data record, thickness of the δ for glass plate, heat conduction systems of the k for glass plate
Number, density of the ρ for glass plate, CPFor the specific heat capacity of glass plate, h is that the outer surface of electrically heated glass is changed with the convection current of external environment
Hot coefficient.
In the present invention, in the incoming control unit of the data that step 1 and step 2 obtained 5, calculate in control unit 5
Obtain corresponding real time temperature.Meanwhile, described control unit 5 can also judge the work(of defrosting-defogging according to the temperature of real-time measurement
Rate demand, and then the output voltage of real-time adjustment power supply 3.
In the present invention, the temperature measurement system and method for above-mentioned electrically heated glass can avoid arranging multiple in glass surface
Temperature sensor, so not only can not affect glass appearance and optical property completely, but also can effectively reflect glass
The temperature of primary vision area, further can design based on this obtain a kind of car glass system for being capable of automatic defrosting demisting with
And automatic defrosting, the method for defrosting.
As shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5, a kind of car glass system for being capable of automatic defrosting demisting of the present invention, including vapour
Car glass and power supply 3, are provided with being energized electrical heating elements 2 of the heating so as to heat vehicle glass, electricity on vehicle glass
Source 3 can be in the two ends on-load voltage U of electrical heating elements 2, it is characterised in that：Also include control unit 5 and humidity sensor 6,
And current measuring device or electric resistance measuring apparatus, humidity sensor 6 is arranged in automobile to measure the water capacity of in-car air
D, current measuring device or electric resistance measuring apparatus can measure electrical heating elements 2 electric current I after powered up or resistance R；So will
Current measuring device or electric resistance measuring apparatus are set directly in the power circuit that electrical heating elements 2 are constituted with power supply 3, are directly surveyed
The electric current or resistance of amount electrical heating elements 2, and it is warm to obtain measurement with reference to the intrinsic temperature-coefficient of electrical resistance of electrical heating elements 2 itself
Degree, and the in-car water capacity that humidity sensor 6 is measured, will be counted in the physical quantity input control unit 5 measured by these
Calculation is processed, and judges the defrosting-defogging situation of vehicle glass, and then control unit 5 is input into corresponding control signal, control (open,
Close, raise, reduce) power supply 3 is carried in the voltage at 2 two ends of electrical heating elements, realizes the electrical heating power control of vehicle glass,
So that car glass system can realize the function of automatic defrosting demisting.
In fig. 4 it is shown that be current measuring device 41, when in the car glass system arrange current measuring device 41
When, the temperature of the electrical heating elements 2 is T,
T=T0+[U/(IR0)-1]/α；
In fig. 5, it is shown that be electric resistance measuring apparatus 42, when in the car glass system arrange electric resistance measuring apparatus 42
When, the temperature of the electrical heating elements 2 is T,
T=T0+[R/R0-1]/α；
Wherein, T0For normal temperature temperature (such as 23 DEG C), R0For the resistance of electrical heating elements at a temperature of normal temperature 2, α is electrical heating
The temperature-coefficient of electrical resistance of element 2；
When temperature T of the electrical heating elements 2 is less than or equal to minimum demisting critical-temperature Tfog,minWhen, control unit 5
The two ends on-load voltage that power supply 3 can be controlled in electrical heating elements 2 is to open demisting heating；Wherein, Tfog,min=Td+△Tfog,min,
TdFor the corresponding dew-point temperature of water capacity d, △ Tfog,minIt is the numerical value determined according to the demisting experimental result of different humitures, has
Body numerical value can be set according to actual conditions；2～4 DEG C are preferably taken, glass fogging so can either be effectively prevented, and can be saved
The about energy.
When temperature T of the electrical heating elements 2 is more than highest demisting critical-temperature Tfog,maxWhen, control unit 5 can be controlled
Power supply 3 is no longer heated with closing demisting in the two ends on-load voltage of electrical heating elements 2；Wherein, Tfog,max=Td+△Tfog,max, Td
For the corresponding dew-point temperature of water capacity d, △ Tfog,maxIt is the numerical value determined according to the demisting experimental result of different humitures, specifically
Numerical value can be set according to actual conditions；6～12 DEG C are preferably taken, glass fogging so can either be effectively prevented, and can be saved
The about energy.
When temperature T of the electrical heating elements 2 is more than safety defrosting temperature TfrostWhen, control unit 5 can control power supply 3 not
Two ends on-load voltage in electrical heating elements 2 is heated with closing defrosting again；Wherein, Tfrost=0 DEG C of+△ Tfrost, △ TfrostTo set
Fixed defrosting safe threshold, it is the numerical value determined according to the defrosting experimental result of different temperatures；4～10 DEG C are taken preferably, this
Sample can either determine that frost layer is eliminated, and can stop defrosting heating, energy saving again in time.
Specifically, △ Tfog,min、△Tfog,maxWith △ TfrostIt is the preset parameter number set according to concrete stroke environment
Value, its environment temperature regional with running, the specification of vehicle glass and size, the integral arrangement shape of electrical heating elements 2
Etc. relevant, generally considering carries out reasonable set.Here by taking coated glass with layers (2.1mm+0.76mm+1.9mm) as an example, its
The integral arrangement of electrical heating elements 2 is shaped as rectangle, concrete setting such as table 3 below：
Table 3：The design parameter setting of coated glass with layers
Wherein, according to《The thermophysical property handbook of the conventional material of engineering》Query Result, and combine accompanying drawing 6 in-car is obtained
Corresponding dew-point temperatures T of air humidity content dd, in Fig. 4, curve a represents highest demisting critical-temperature Tfog,max, curve b represents minimum
Demisting critical-temperature Tfog,min, curve c represents dew-point temperature Td, automobile is just can determine whether with reference to temperature T of the electrical heating elements 2
Whether fogging is had in interior surfaces of glass, i.e., when temperature T of the electrical heating elements 2 is more than dew-point temperature TdWhen, in-car glass plate
The air humidity of near surface is unsaturated, would not fogging；And temperature T for working as the electrical heating elements 2 is less than or equal to dew point
Temperature TdWhen, the air humidity saturation or supersaturation near in-car glass pane surface will start fogging, and the degree of fogging depends on
In the temperature difference between the two.As long as thus, it is apparent that ensureing that temperature T of the electrical heating elements 2 is more than dew-point temperature Td, it is possible to
Prevent fogging.In order to improve except fog effect and energy saving, highest demisting critical-temperature T is setfog,maxIt is critical with minimum demisting
Temperature Tfog,min, i.e., when temperature T of the electrical heating elements 2 is less than or equal to minimum demisting critical-temperature Tfog,minWhen, unlatching is removed
Mist is heated；When temperature T of the electrical heating elements 2 is more than highest demisting critical-temperature Tfog,maxWhen, close demisting heating.
Preferably, temperature T of the control unit 5 at interval of 0.5～10 second monitoring once electrical heating elements 2, to meet
The requirement of defrosting-defogging, concrete interval time numerical basis actual conditions are arranged.
In the present invention, the electrical heating elements 2 for adopting for wire, printing silver paste heater wire, nesa coating or its
The conductor of his material, these are all conducting elements commonly used in the art, and temperature-coefficient of electrical resistance α is for constant or can be considered constant,
Resistance R at its normal temperature temperature (such as 23 DEG C)0Can be obtained by resistance instrument direct measurement.Wherein, temperature-coefficient of electrical resistance α can be by public affairs
Inquire about in knowing document and obtain, for example, be commonly used for the tungsten filament of electrical heating elements, the temperature-coefficient of electrical resistance table for inquiring about common metal understands
For 0.0051 (1/ DEG C)；By the conductor resistance value at a temperature of measurement varying environment, then resistance can certainly be calculated
Temperature coefficient α, such as Jing measure I take charge of nesa coating in coated product face sheet resistance be 1.0～4.0m Ω/, resistance temperature
Degree coefficient is 0.001～0.002 (1/ DEG C).
The specific automatic defrosting method of the above-mentioned car glass system for being capable of automatic defrosting demisting is as follows, and its feature exists
In：The method is comprised the following steps：
Step 1：Water capacity d of measurement automobile inner air, draws corresponding dew-point temperature T according to water capacity dd；
Water capacity d of air is measured using in-car humidity sensor 6, according to《The thermophysical property of the conventional material of engineering
Handbook》Inquiry obtains corresponding dew-point temperature Td。
Step 2：In the two ends on-load voltage U of electrical heating elements 2, then measurement is passed through the electric current I or electricity of electrical heating elements 2
The resistance R at heating element heater two ends；
If that measurement is electric current I, using formula T=T0+[U/(IR0) -1]/α calculates the electrical heating elements
Temperature T；
If that measurement is resistance R, using formula T=T0+[R/R0- 1]/α calculates the temperature of the electrical heating elements
T；
Wherein, T0For normal temperature temperature (such as 23 DEG C), temperature-coefficient of electrical resistances of the α for electrical heating elements 2；
Step 3：By temperature T of the electrical heating elements 2 and minimum demisting critical-temperature Tfog,minIt is compared, works as temperature
T is less than or equal to Tfog,minWhen, heated with opening demisting in the two ends on-load voltage of electrical heating elements；
Wherein, Tfog,min=Td+△Tfog,min, TdFor the corresponding dew-point temperature of water capacity d；Here △ Tfog,minIt is basis
The numerical value that the demisting experimental result of different humitures determines, concrete numerical value can be set according to actual conditions；2～4 are taken preferably
DEG C, glass fogging so can either be effectively prevented, and can energy saving.
Step 4：By temperature T of the electrical heating elements 2 and highest demisting critical-temperature Tfog,maxIt is compared；
Wherein, Tfog,max=Td+△Tfog,max, TdFor the corresponding dew-point temperature of water capacity d；Here △ Tfog,maxAnd root
According to the numerical value that the demisting experimental result of different humitures determines, concrete numerical value can be set according to actual conditions；6 are taken preferably～
12 DEG C, glass fogging so can either be effectively prevented, and can energy saving.
Step 5：If temperature T of the electrical heating elements 2 is more than highest demisting critical-temperature Tfog,max, no longer in electrical heating
The two ends on-load voltage of element is heated with closing demisting；Otherwise, repeat step 2～4.
Preferably, in step 5, the time interval of repeat step 2～4 is 0.5～10 second, to meet the requirement of demisting, specifically
Interval time numerical basis actual conditions are arranged.
The specific automatic defrosting method of the above-mentioned car glass system for being capable of automatic defrosting demisting is as follows, and its feature exists
In：The method is comprised the following steps：
Step 1：In the two ends on-load voltage U of electrical heating elements 2,2 heating power of electrical heating elements is made so as to heat automobile
Glass is defrosted；
The step can be by manually opened, it is also possible to which reservation is opened, and reservation is opened by and the electricity being connected except defrosting system
Son control components and parts, car running computer, mobile phone A pp software etc., according to vehicle starting time next time that driver sets in advance, in advance
Open the defrosting heating function of vehicle glass.
Step 2：Measurement is passed through the electric current I of the electrical heating elements 2 or resistance R at electrical heating elements two ends；
If that measurement is electric current I, using formula T=T0+[U/(IR0) -1]/α calculates the electrical heating elements
Temperature T；
If that measurement is resistance R, using formula T=T0+[R/R0- 1]/α calculates the temperature of the electrical heating elements
T；
Wherein, T0For normal temperature temperature (such as 23 DEG C), temperature-coefficient of electrical resistances of the α for electrical heating elements；
Step 3：By temperature T of the electrical heating elements and safety defrosting temperature TfrostIt is compared；
Wherein, Tfrost=0 DEG C of+△ Tfrost, △ TfrostFor the defrosting safe threshold of setting, △ TfrostCan be according to concrete
Actual conditions are set, and preferably take 4～10 DEG C, can either so be met and be eliminated frost layer, can reach energy saving again
Purpose.
Step 4：If temperature T of the electrical heating elements is more than safety defrosting temperature Tfrost, then no longer in electrical heating elements
Two ends on-load voltage with close defrosting heating；Otherwise, the two ends on-load voltage in electrical heating elements, and repeat step 2 are continued
With 3.
Preferably, in step 4, the time interval of repeat step 2 and 3 is 0.5～10 second, to meet the requirement of defrosting, specifically
Interval time numerical basis actual conditions are arranged.
The car glass system and demisting for being capable of automatic defrosting demisting of the present invention, the method for defrosting, can be real-time
Ensure vehicle glass not fogging, exempting glass fogging affects the potential safety hazard of pilot's line of vision, improves the security of car steering
Energy and comfortableness, while reaching preferable energy-saving effect；And in defrosting operation, simplify the operation of driver, defrosting
Into the very first time in close defrosting heating function, it is to avoid unnecessary energy waste, reduce defrosting during driver wait
Time, enhance Consumer's Experience.
Above content is had been described in detail to the temperature measurement system and method for electrically heated glass of the present invention, also
Car glass system and demisting, the method for defrosting for being capable of automatic defrosting demisting is specifically described, but more than the present invention do not receive
The limitation of the specific embodiment content of description, so all any improvement carried out according to technical key point, equivalent are repaiied
Change and replace, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. the temperature measurement system of electrically heated glass, including glass plate, electrical heating elements and power supply, electrical heating elements are arranged on glass
On the surface of glass plate, the electrical heating elements can be energized heating so as to heat glass plate, and power supply can be in electrical heating elements
Two ends on-load voltage U, it is characterised in that：Also include current measuring device or electric resistance measuring apparatus, current measuring device or electricity
Resistance measurement apparatus can measure electrical heating elements electric current I after powered up or resistance R；
When current measuring device is arranged in the temperature measurement system, the temperature of the electrical heating elements is T,
T=T0+[U/(IR0)-1]/α；
When electric resistance measuring apparatus are arranged in the temperature measurement system, the temperature of the electrical heating elements is T,
T=T0+[R/R0-1]/α；
Wherein, T0For normal temperature temperature, R0For the resistance of electrical heating elements at a temperature of normal temperature, resistance temperature systems of the α for electrical heating elements
Number；The temperature for being provided with the glass pane surface of electrical heating elements is equal to temperature T of the electrical heating elements；
During electrical heating is in electrical heating elements, the hull-skin temperature T of electrically heated glassSWith temperature T of electrical heating elements
Between meet：
In formulaA0=1, B0=0, C0=0, D0=1；Wherein, For the hull-skin temperature of the electrically heated glass at (n+1) moment, T∞For extraneous ring
Border temperature, (n+1) characterizes the moment after heating starts after (n+1) individual time step Δ t, and Δ t is the temperature measurement system
It is electrically heated the time step of component temperature data record, thickness of the δ for glass plate, thermal conductivity factors of the k for glass plate, ρ is
The density of glass plate, CPFor the specific heat capacity of glass plate, heat convection systems of the h for the outer surface and external environment of electrically heated glass
Number.
2. the temperature measurement system of electrically heated glass according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Electrical heating elements are metal
Silk, printing silver paste heater wire or nesa coating.
3. the temperature measurement system of electrically heated glass according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：When electrical heating elements and electricity
Multilayer dielectricity is additionally provided between the outer surface of heating glass and the temperature of electrically heated glass and electrical heating elements is in and stablizes shape
During state, the hull-skin temperature T of electrically heated glassSMeet and temperature T of electrical heating elements between：
Wherein, T∞For ambient temperature, Δ xiFor the thickness of i-th layer of medium, ki
For the thermal conductivity factor of i-th layer of medium, convection transfer rates of the h for the outer surface and external environment of electrically heated glass.
4. using the temperature measurement system described in claims 1 to 3 any one come the method for measuring the temperature of electrically heated glass,
It is characterized in that：Comprise the following steps,
Step 1：At normal temperatures, measure the resistance R of electrical heating elements0, the normal temperature temperature is designated as into T0, inquire about or measure electrical heating
The temperature-coefficient of electrical resistance α of element；
Step 2：In the two ends on-load voltage U of electrical heating elements, then measurement is passed through electric current I or the electrical heating unit of electrical heating elements
The resistance R at part two ends；
Step 3：If that what is measured in step 2 is electric current I, using formula T=T0+[U/(IR0) -1] and/α calculate electrical heating unit
Temperature T of part；
If that what is measured in step 2 is resistance R, using formula T=T0+[R/R0- 1]/α calculates the temperature of electrical heating elements
T；
The temperature for being provided with the glass pane surface of electrical heating elements is equal to temperature T of the electrical heating elements；
During electrical heating is in electrical heating elements, the hull-skin temperature T of electrically heated glassSWith temperature T of electrical heating elements
Between meet：
In formulaA0=1, B0=0, C0=0, D0=1；Wherein, For the hull-skin temperature of the electrically heated glass at (n+1) moment, T∞For extraneous ring
Border temperature, (n+1) characterizes the moment after heating starts after (n+1) individual time step Δ t, and Δ t is the temperature measurement system
It is electrically heated the time step of component temperature data record, thickness of the δ for glass plate, thermal conductivity factors of the k for glass plate, ρ is
The density of glass plate, CPFor the specific heat capacity of glass plate, heat convection systems of the h for the outer surface and external environment of electrically heated glass
Number.
5. the temperature measurement system of electrically heated glass according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：When electrical heating elements and electricity
Multilayer dielectricity is additionally provided between the outer surface of heating glass and the temperature of electrically heated glass and electrical heating elements is in and stablizes shape
During state, the hull-skin temperature T of electrically heated glassSMeet and temperature T of electrical heating elements between：
Wherein, T∞For ambient temperature, Δ xiFor the thickness of i-th layer of medium, ki
For the thermal conductivity factor of i-th layer of medium, convection transfer rates of the h for the outer surface and external environment of electrically heated glass.
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| CN201410584493.8A CN104406708B (en) | 2014-10-27 | 2014-10-27 | The temperature measurement system and method for electrically heated glass |
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| CN104406708B true CN104406708B (en) | 2017-03-29 |
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| CN108458799A (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2018-08-28 | 兰州空间技术物理研究所 | A kind of hollow cathode emitter temperature online diagnostic method based on C-V characteristic |
| CN110274705B (en) * | 2018-03-14 | 2021-06-22 | 香港理工大学 | Optical glass mould pressing temperature online detection method and device |
| CN111006784B (en) * | 2019-12-21 | 2021-07-13 | 广东天际电器股份有限公司 | Dry burning judgment method applied to PTC heating equipment |
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| CA988324A (en) * | 1971-11-16 | 1976-05-04 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Electrically heated window with a temperature sensor |
| JP2002289520A (en) * | 2001-03-23 | 2002-10-04 | Japan Science & Technology Corp | Pulse energization thermal treatment method by thin film heat generator and thermal treatment device |
| CN1548934A (en) * | 2003-05-07 | 2004-11-24 | 刘正洪 | Temperature sensor, its temperature detecting circuit and method |
| WO2007091299A1 (en) * | 2006-02-07 | 2007-08-16 | Shimadzu Corporation | Method for heating tft substrate, temperature measuring method for tft substrate, and temperature control method for tft substrate |
| CN102595943A (en) * | 2009-10-29 | 2012-07-18 | 菲利普莫里斯生产公司 | An electrically heated smoking system with improved heater |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA988324A (en) * | 1971-11-16 | 1976-05-04 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Electrically heated window with a temperature sensor |
| JP2002289520A (en) * | 2001-03-23 | 2002-10-04 | Japan Science & Technology Corp | Pulse energization thermal treatment method by thin film heat generator and thermal treatment device |
| CN1548934A (en) * | 2003-05-07 | 2004-11-24 | 刘正洪 | Temperature sensor, its temperature detecting circuit and method |
| WO2007091299A1 (en) * | 2006-02-07 | 2007-08-16 | Shimadzu Corporation | Method for heating tft substrate, temperature measuring method for tft substrate, and temperature control method for tft substrate |
| TWI301313B (en) * | 2006-02-07 | 2008-09-21 | Shimadzu Corp | Heating method of tft substrate, temperature measuring method of tft substrate and temperature controlling method of tft substrate |
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