CN104404330A - High-strength high-plasticity rare earth magnesium alloy and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

High-strength high-plasticity rare earth magnesium alloy and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104404330A
CN104404330A CN201410725433.3A CN201410725433A CN104404330A CN 104404330 A CN104404330 A CN 104404330A CN 201410725433 A CN201410725433 A CN 201410725433A CN 104404330 A CN104404330 A CN 104404330A
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rare earth
magnesium
plasticity
alloy
strength
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白晶
孙柳霞
薛烽
周健
孙扬善
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Southeast University
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Southeast University
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C23/00Alloys based on magnesium
    • C22C23/06Alloys based on magnesium with a rare earth metal as the next major constituent
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/03Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22FCHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/06Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of magnesium or alloys based thereon

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses high-strength high-plasticity rare earth magnesium alloy which comprises the following components by mass percent: 1-4% of Zn, 0.1-2.5% of Ni, 6-12% of M, 0-1% of Zr and the balance of Mg and inevitable impurities, wherein M is selected from one or more of Dy, Ho, Er and Tm. The invention further discloses a preparation method and application of the high-strength high-plasticity rare earth magnesium alloy. The high-strength high-plasticity rare earth magnesium alloy prepared by adding a proper amount of rare earth and adopting a reasonable homogenizing treatment process is high in strength, high in plasticity and small in specific gravity; the preparation process is simple, relatively low in cost and suitable for large-scale industrial production; the high-strength high-plasticity rare earth magnesium alloy can be applied to the fields of military projects, aerospace and the like.

Description

A kind of high-strength high-plasticity magnesium-rare earth and its preparation method and application
Technical field
The present invention relates to metallic substance and metallurgical technology field, be specifically related to a kind of high-strength high-plasticity magnesium-rare earth and its preparation method and application.
Background technology
Magnesium alloy has that density is little, specific tenacity is high, thermal conductivity is good and be easy to the advantages such as recovery, is widely used in the fields such as the vehicles, 3C Product and aerospace.
Rare earth appropriate in magnesium alloy can the as-cast structure crystal grain of refining alloy, improves alloy strength; Rare earth can effectively improve magnesium alloy room temperature, high-temperature behavior and fracture property; Rare earth still improves the most effective alloying element of magnesium alloy resistance toheat, improves high temperature creep drag.China is rare earth resources big country, but rare earth utilization ratio is far below developed country.How Appropriate application has resource, and high-strength, high-ductility, the heat resistance magnesium alloy of exploitation containing rare earth, expand the Application Areas of magnesium alloy materials, increase its consumption; Deeply carry out the development & application of magnesium-rare earth, development has high performance magnesium alloy engineering materials, the fields such as this space flight and aviation to China, communications and transportation, military project national defence and engineering construction are all of great importance, resource, the energy and Environmental Protection Situation can be alleviated simultaneously, improve China's international competitiveness.
The undercapacity of existing magnesium-rare earth, far below iron-based, titanium base alloy, simultaneously mechanical property, corrosion resistance nature, resistance to elevated temperatures are poor, and these shortcomings make the range of application of magnesium alloy compare limitation.Therefore, exploitation has the magnesium alloy of high strength, high tenacity and good heat resistance, to the Application Areas expanding magnesium alloy, significant.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of high-strength high-plasticity magnesium-rare earth and its preparation method and application, to solve the deficiencies in the prior art, substantially increases the intensity of magnesium alloy, improves the plasticity of magnesium alloy.
The present invention is by the following technical solutions:
A kind of high-strength high-plasticity magnesium-rare earth, by mass percentage, comprising: 1 ~ 4%Zn, 0.1 ~ 2.5%Ni, 6 ~ 12%M, 0 ~ 1%Zr, all the other are Mg and inevitable impurity, and wherein, described M is one or more in Dy, Ho, Er, Tm.
Further, described high-strength high-plasticity magnesium-rare earth, by mass percentage, comprise 1 ~ 2%Zn, 0.1 ~ 1.0%Ni, 6 ~ 10%M, 0 ~ 1%Zr, all the other are Mg and inevitable impurity, wherein, described M is one or more in Dy, Ho, Er, Tm.
Further, described high-strength high-plasticity magnesium-rare earth, by mass percentage, comprising: 1.5%Zn, 0.5%Ni, 10%M, 0 ~ 1%Zr, and all the other are Mg and inevitable impurity, and wherein, described M is one or more in Dy, Ho, Er, Tm.
By mass percentage, Si, Fe, Cu total mass per-cent is less than 0.02% to inevitable impurity described in above-mentioned high-strength high-plasticity magnesium-rare earth.
The preparation method of above-mentioned high-strength high-plasticity magnesium-rare earth, comprises the steps:
1), when crucible being preheating to 400 DEG C ~ 500 DEG C, sprinkling the flux that 0.1% ~ 1% furnace charge is heavy, melting magnesium ingot subsequently, then sprinkle flux;
2) magnesium ingot melted after, add Zr, M, stir;
3) when temperature is raised to 680 DEG C ~ 780 DEG C, add Zn, Ni, stir until aluminium alloy presents minute surface, in whipping process, repeatedly sprinkle flux equably at alloy liquid level;
4) add refining agent refining, leave standstill insulation 30min ~ 45min, then slag hitting; Be cooled to 700 DEG C ~ 710 DEG C to pour into a mould;
5) at 400 DEG C ~ 550 DEG C, homogenizing thermal treatment 10 ~ 20h is carried out to ingot casting, then carry out extruding or rolling at 380 DEG C ~ 500 DEG C.
Step 2) described M adds with the form of Mg-Dy, Mg-Ho, Mg-Er, Mg-Tm master alloy.
Magnesium alloy design considerations of the present invention is: rare earth element has larger solid solubility in magnesium, there is good solution strengthening and precipitation strength effect, can effectively improve alloy structure and microtexture, can remarkable crystal grain thinning tissue, improve Alloy At Room Temperature and mechanical behavior under high temperature, strengthen alloy corrosion resistance and thermotolerance etc.; Rare earth atoms diffusibility is poor, has remarkable effect to improving magnesium alloy recrystallization temperature and slowing down recrystallization process; The ageing strengthening of rare earth element is respond well, can separate out stable disperse phase particle, improves hot strength and the creep resistance of magnesium alloy.Therefore develop the magnesium alloy containing rare earth herein, make them have the performances such as high-strength, heat-resisting, anti-corrosion, effectively expand the Application Areas of magnesium alloy.Rare earth elements of the present invention adds with the form of master alloy, makes obtained alloy composition accurate, improves institute's Addition ofelements degree that is evenly distributed in the material simultaneously.Intensity, mechanical behavior under high temperature, plasticity etc. that Dy, Ho, Er, Tm obviously can promote magnesium alloy is added in magnesium alloy.A certain amount of nickel contributes to the intensity and the hardness that improve magnesium alloy, zinc contributes to the formation of long-periodic structure in magnesium alloy, just long period stacking structure (LPSO) is contained in tissue during described magnesium-rare earth as cast condition, the performances such as the intensity of magnesium alloy, thermotolerance can be increased substantially, and zirconium has refining effect in the magnesium alloy, it is effective grain refining element in as-cast magnesium alloy.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1) the present invention by adding M (one or more in Dy, Ho, Er, Tm), Zn, Ni in magnesium alloy, prepared a kind of magnesium alloy containing long-periodic structure, improve the intensity of magnesium alloy, improve the high-temperature behavior of magnesium alloy.Its room temperature tensile intensity of this magnesium-rare earth can reach 478MPa, and unit elongation is 7.1%.
2) high-strength high-plasticity magnesium-rare earth preparation method provided by the invention is simple, and its rare earth elements is added by the form of master alloy (magnesium-dysprosium, magnesium-holmium, magnesium-erbium, magnesium-thulium), and composition mixing is more even.Make full use of the effect of the solution strengthening of alloy, precipitation strength, ageing strengthening, utilize the advantage of M (one or more in Dy, Ho, Er, Tm), Zn, Ni alloy element, obtain a kind of high-strength high-plasticity magnesium-rare earth having application prospect.
In sum; the present invention is by adding suitable rare earth and rational Homogenization Treatments technique; the High-strength high-plasticity magnesium-rare earth intensity prepared is high, plasticity is large, proportion is little; preparation technology is simple, cost is lower; be applicable to large-scale industrial to produce, can apply in the field such as military project, aerospace.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is extruded bar from magnesium alloy microstructure prepared by embodiment 1.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing the present invention done and further explain.The following example only for illustration of the present invention, but is not used for limiting practical range of the present invention.
In following examples, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm add with the form of Mg-Dy, Mg-Ho, Mg-Er, Mg-Tm master alloy respectively; Mg-Dy, Mg-Ho, Mg-Er, Mg-Tm are commercially available prod, and its concrete composition is: Mg-30wt%Dy, Mg-25wt%Ho, Mg-25wt%Er, Mg-20wt%Tm.Flux is RJ-5 flux.
Embodiment 1
The magnesium-rare earth of the present embodiment is grouped into by the one-tenth of following mass percent: 1%Zn, 0.1%Ni, 6%Dy and 6%Ho, all the other are Mg and inevitable impurity (Si, Fe, Cu total mass per-cent is less than 0.02%).
The preparation method of the magnesium-rare earth of the present embodiment is:
1) crucible is preheating to 400 DEG C, sprinkles the flux that 0.1% furnace charge is heavy, melting magnesium ingot subsequently, then sprinkle flux.
2) magnesium ingot melted after, add Dy and Ho, stir.
3) temperature is raised to 680 DEG C, adds Zn, Ni, stirs until aluminium alloy presents minute surface, in whipping process, repeatedly sprinkles flux equably at alloy liquid level.
4) add refining agent refining, leave standstill insulation 30min, then slag hitting; Be cooled to 700 DEG C to pour into a mould.
5) at 400 DEG C, carry out homogenizing thermal treatment 20h to ingot casting, then extrude at 380 DEG C, extruded bar from magnesium alloy microstructure as shown in Figure 1.
Embodiment 2
The magnesium-rare earth of the present embodiment is grouped into by the one-tenth of following mass percent: 4%Zn, 2.5%Ni, 3.5%Er and 2.5%Tm, 1%Zr, all the other are Mg and inevitable impurity (Si, Fe, Cu total mass per-cent is less than 0.02%).
The preparation method of the magnesium-rare earth of the present embodiment is:
1) crucible is preheating to 500 DEG C, sprinkles the flux that 1% furnace charge is heavy, melting magnesium ingot subsequently, then sprinkle flux.
2) magnesium ingot melted after, add Er, Tm and Zr, stir.
3) temperature is raised to 780 DEG C, adds Zn, Ni, stirs until aluminium alloy presents minute surface, in whipping process, repeatedly sprinkles flux equably at alloy liquid level.
4) add refining agent refining, leave standstill insulation 45min, then slag hitting; Be cooled to 710 DEG C to pour into a mould.
5) at 550 DEG C, homogenizing thermal treatment 10h is carried out to ingot casting, be then rolled at 500 DEG C.
Embodiment 3
The magnesium-rare earth of the present embodiment is grouped into by the one-tenth of following mass percent: 1.5%Zn, 0.5%Ni, 2.5%Dy, 3%Ho, 2.5%Er, 2%Tm, 0.5%Zr, all the other are Mg and inevitable impurity (Si, Fe, Cu total mass per-cent is less than 0.02%).
The preparation method of the magnesium-rare earth of the present embodiment is:
1) crucible is preheating to 420 DEG C, sprinkles the flux that 0.2% furnace charge is heavy, melting magnesium ingot subsequently, then sprinkle flux.
2) magnesium ingot melted after, add Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Zr, stir.
3) temperature is raised to 700 DEG C, adds Zn, Ni, stirs until aluminium alloy presents minute surface, in whipping process, repeatedly sprinkles flux equably at alloy liquid level.
4) add refining agent refining, leave standstill insulation 30min, then slag hitting; Be cooled to 700 DEG C to pour into a mould.
5) at 450 DEG C, homogenizing thermal treatment 18h is carried out to ingot casting, then extrude at 400 DEG C.
Embodiment 4
The magnesium-rare earth of the present embodiment is grouped into by the one-tenth of following mass percent: 2%Zn, 1%Ni, 6%Dy, 1%Zr, all the other are Mg and inevitable impurity (Si, Fe, Cu total mass per-cent is less than 0.02%).
The preparation method of the magnesium-rare earth of the present embodiment is:
1) crucible is preheating to 440 DEG C, sprinkles the flux that 0.4% furnace charge is heavy, melting magnesium ingot subsequently, then sprinkle flux.
2) magnesium ingot melted after, add Dy, Zr, stir.
3) temperature is raised to 720 DEG C, adds Zn, Ni, stirs until aluminium alloy presents minute surface, in whipping process, repeatedly sprinkles flux equably at alloy liquid level.
4) add refining agent refining, leave standstill insulation 45min, then slag hitting; Be cooled to 710 DEG C to pour into a mould.
5) at 470 DEG C, homogenizing thermal treatment 16h is carried out to ingot casting, be then rolled at 420 DEG C.
Embodiment 5
The magnesium-rare earth of the present embodiment is grouped into by the one-tenth of following mass percent: 1%Zn, 0.1%Ni, 6%Ho and 4%Er, 0.1%Zr, all the other are Mg and inevitable impurity (Si, Fe, Cu total mass per-cent is less than 0.02%).
The preparation method of the magnesium-rare earth of the present embodiment is:
1) crucible is preheating to 460 DEG C, sprinkles the flux that 0.6% furnace charge is heavy, melting magnesium ingot subsequently, then sprinkle flux.
2) magnesium ingot melted after, add Ho, Er, Zr, stir.
3) temperature is raised to 740 DEG C, adds Zn, Ni, stirs until aluminium alloy presents minute surface, in whipping process, repeatedly sprinkles flux equably at alloy liquid level.
4) add refining agent refining, leave standstill insulation 30min, then slag hitting; Be cooled to 700 DEG C to pour into a mould.
5) at 500 DEG C, homogenizing thermal treatment 14h is carried out to ingot casting, then extrude at 450 DEG C.
Embodiment 6
The magnesium-rare earth of the present embodiment is grouped into by the one-tenth of following mass percent: 1.5%Zn, 0.3%Ni, 2%Dy, 1%Ho and 5%Tm, all the other are Mg and inevitable impurity (Si, Fe, Cu total mass per-cent is less than 0.02%).
The preparation method of the magnesium-rare earth of the present embodiment is:
1) crucible is preheating to 480 DEG C, sprinkles the flux that 0.8% furnace charge is heavy, melting magnesium ingot subsequently, then sprinkle flux.
2) magnesium ingot melted after, add Dy, Ho and Tm, stir.
3) temperature is raised to 760 DEG C, adds Zn, Ni, stirs until aluminium alloy presents minute surface, in whipping process, repeatedly sprinkles flux equably at alloy liquid level.
4) add refining agent refining, leave standstill insulation 45min, then slag hitting; Be cooled to 710 DEG C to pour into a mould.
5) at 520 DEG C, homogenizing thermal treatment 16h is carried out to ingot casting, be then rolled at 480 DEG C.
The performance of the magnesium alloy prepared by each embodiment is as shown in table 1:
Magnesium alloy mechanical property prepared by each embodiment of table 1

Claims (7)

1. a high-strength high-plasticity magnesium-rare earth, is characterized in that, by mass percentage, comprise: 1 ~ 4%Zn, 0.1 ~ 2.5%Ni, 6 ~ 12%M, 0 ~ 1%Zr, all the other are Mg and inevitable impurity, wherein, described M is one or more in Dy, Ho, Er, Tm.
2. high-strength high-plasticity magnesium-rare earth according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, by mass percentage, comprise 1 ~ 2%Zn, 0.1 ~ 1.0%Ni, 6 ~ 10%M, 0 ~ 1%Zr, all the other are Mg and inevitable impurity, and wherein, described M is one or more in Dy, Ho, Er, Tm.
3. high-strength high-plasticity magnesium-rare earth according to claim 1, is characterized in that, by mass percentage, comprise: 1.5%Zn, 0.5%Ni, 10%M, 0 ~ 1%Zr, all the other are Mg and inevitable impurity, wherein, described M is one or more in Dy, Ho, Er, Tm.
4. the high-strength high-plasticity magnesium-rare earth according to the arbitrary claim of claims 1 to 3, is characterized in that, by mass percentage, Si, Fe, Cu total mass per-cent is less than 0.02% to described inevitable impurity.
5. the preparation method of high-strength high-plasticity magnesium-rare earth according to claim 1, is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
1), when crucible being preheating to 400 DEG C ~ 500 DEG C, sprinkling the flux that 0.1% ~ 1% furnace charge is heavy, melting magnesium ingot subsequently, then sprinkle flux;
2) magnesium ingot melted after, add Zr, M, stir;
3) when temperature is raised to 680 DEG C ~ 780 DEG C, add Zn, Ni, stir until aluminium alloy presents minute surface, in whipping process, repeatedly sprinkle flux equably at alloy liquid level;
4) add refining agent refining, leave standstill insulation 30min ~ 45min, then slag hitting; Be cooled to 700 DEG C ~ 710 DEG C to pour into a mould;
5) at 400 DEG C ~ 550 DEG C, homogenizing thermal treatment 10 ~ 20h is carried out to ingot casting, then carry out extruding or rolling at 380 DEG C ~ 500 DEG C.
6. the preparation method of high-strength high-plasticity magnesium-rare earth according to claim 5, is characterized in that, step 2) described M adds with the form of Mg-Dy, Mg-Ho, Mg-Er, Mg-Tm master alloy.
7. the high-strength high-plasticity magnesium-rare earth prepared of claim 5 is as the application of as-cast magnesium alloy or wrought magnesium alloys.
CN201410725433.3A 2014-12-03 2014-12-03 High-strength high-plasticity rare earth magnesium alloy and preparation method and application thereof Pending CN104404330A (en)

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Cited By (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113444944A (en) * 2021-06-30 2021-09-28 赣州虔博新材料科技有限公司 Low-cost high-strength high-ductility rare earth magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof
CN115821135A (en) * 2022-12-06 2023-03-21 西安四方超轻材料有限公司 High-plasticity magnesium alloy material and preparation method thereof

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113444944A (en) * 2021-06-30 2021-09-28 赣州虔博新材料科技有限公司 Low-cost high-strength high-ductility rare earth magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof
CN113444944B (en) * 2021-06-30 2022-02-22 赣州虔博新材料科技有限公司 Low-cost high-strength high-ductility rare earth magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof
CN115821135A (en) * 2022-12-06 2023-03-21 西安四方超轻材料有限公司 High-plasticity magnesium alloy material and preparation method thereof
CN115821135B (en) * 2022-12-06 2024-04-12 西安四方超轻材料有限公司 High-plasticity magnesium alloy material and preparation method thereof

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Application publication date: 20150311