CN104403947B - Method for treating deep sea oil spill by using barophilic bacteria - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for treating deep sea spilled oil by using barotropic bacteria, which specifically comprises the steps of carrying out gradient screening and domestication of petroleum degradation barotropic bacteria by using a pressure device with the internal pressure of 0.3-0.4MPa, and carrying out crude oil degradation effect tests with different concentrations by using porous zirconia as a barotropic bacteria carrier, aiming at the environments of deep sea high pressure, ocean current complexity and the like, taking indigenous bacteria in bottom mud of an offshore spilled oil area as a bacteria source, carrying out domestication and screening on the indigenous bacteria by using a special pressurizing device and crude oil with the gradient concentration as a unique carbon source, obtaining the barotropic bacteria capable of degrading the crude oil at 0.3-0.4MPa, carrying out degradation experiments by using the screened barotropic bacteria as research objects, taking the crude oil at 0.3-0.4MPa as the unique carbon source, and taking the crude oil with the crude oil concentration of 1 g/L, 3 g/L and 5 g/L as a degradation experiment, wherein when the screened barotropic bacteria are continuously measured for 30 days, the degradation rate reaches 86.9% and the method for repairing the crude oil with the deep sea spilled bacteria has good biological efficiency under the high pressure of 0.3-0.4 MPa.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of deep sea oil spill treatment, and particularly relates to a screening, bacterium-carrying and repairing method for deep sea oil spill-treated barophilic bacteria.
Background
Along with the increasing demand of the world for petroleum and products thereof, oil spill accidents in the processes of offshore production, transportation, loading and unloading and petroleum utilization are increased increasingly, and serious environmental pollution is caused, the Bohai Bay is taken as the only semi-closed inner sea in China, the area is 77284 square kilometers, the Bohai sea area has unique resource advantages and limbic advantages, and is an important support system of the Bohai economic circle, the Bohai sea area comprises Shandong, Hebei, Liaoning and Tianjin Saturn-one city, in recent decades, the marine economy in the Bohai sea area always keeps high-speed increase at a speed of more than 10%, the marine oil and gas industry is taken as the main marine industry, the oil exploration reserves of the marine oil and gas industry approximately account for 26% of the total reserves of the national oil, and the national marine oil yield is 3.7 × 10 in 2009 in China7t, wherein 62.99% is produced from Bohai sea. The development of marine oil is vigorous, and oil spillage accidents such as running, overflowing, dripping and leaking are caused by the vigorous development of marine oil. In particular, the oil field of Bohai Baolai 19-3 generated by Kanfei oil company in 6 months of 2011 has increased the total amount of spilled mineral oil-based mud to 2500 barrels (400 cubic meters) by 13 days of 8 months of 2011. This large-scale oil leakage accidentSeven-eight adult scallops in Chandao county of Shandong province die, and farmers basically accept the scallop at no time, so most of the farmers suffer huge loss. Although oil leakage accidents on such a large scale as the Kangfei oil are rare in the Bohai sea, the oil leakage of the offshore drilling platform with large and small size is a normal state in the Bohai sea, and if the oil leakage is not controlled, the control difficulty is very high in the past like the burying of the next ecological bomb.
Accidents such as offshore crude oil leakage have a profound effect on offshore Sea areas in China, measures such as adding oil removal agents and The like adopted in oil spill accident treatment transfer floating oil on The surface of The Sea into marine sediments, but The damage of marine oil spill to marine ecosystems cannot be completely solved, for example, reference 1: Benjamin J.Place, Matt J.Perkins, EwanSinclair and The like, Trace analysis of surfactants in Corexiol dispassivation and Sea water, deep-Sea Research II.2014,1:1-9, after The explosion of a deep water horizontal line drilling platform in The gulf of Mexico 4 months 2010, adding a petroleum dispersant to treat floating oil causes The dispersant to be deposited in seabed sediments to cause secondary pollution, concentration range of bis (2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (DOSS) in seawater samples is from 3500 to 3500, concentration range of bis (2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (DOSS) in marine sediments is regarded as high-efficiency, and The method has The characteristic of high efficiency of degrading hydrocarbon by micro-biological degradation of hydrocarbon in The petroleum environmental pollution, and The micro-biological degradation of hydrocarbon degradation in The world, micro-biological degradation process, and The method has The characteristics of reducing hydrocarbon degradation of micro-hydrocarbon degradation in The world, such as The major degradation of hydrocarbon degradation, micro degradation of hydrocarbon.
The characteristic of deep sea oil exploitation requires that the bioremediation condition is different from that of the offshore area, on one hand, after deep sea oil spill is sunk to the seabed by the oil dispersant, the high-efficiency oil degrading microbial inoculum put into the oil spill sea area is difficult to enter and fix in the sediment due to the influence of ocean tides and waves, so that the content of microorganisms in the sediment is low, and the degradation capability of the microorganisms on petroleum hydrocarbons in the sediment is weakened. As in reference 3: the construction of the calculation model of spill diffusion described in J.C. Dietrrich, C.J.Trhan, M.T.Howard.surface projects of oil transport along the Northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico.Continual Shelf research.2012:17-47 takes into account the effects of tides, river exchanges, wind on storms, which are typical environmental characteristics of deep sea spills. The publication No. CN102604924 entitled "a marine petroleum degrading bacterial agent and its preparation" describes that the bacterial agent is attached to a floatable biological carrier, and the bacterial agent has a good degrading effect on floating oil treatment of marine oil spill, but is not applicable to the degradation of crude oil in deep sea sediments. On the other hand, deep sea areas with the depth of less than 30 meters have the characteristic of high pressure, so that the degrading bacteria and carriers thereof are required to be capable of resisting high-pressure environment, and microorganisms capable of resisting high pressure are required to be adopted to improve the degradation efficiency of petroleum hydrocarbons in sediments. As in reference 4: simon T.Egan, David M.McCarthy, John W.Patching, Gerard T.A.Fleming.an introduction of the physiology and nutritional role of the ingredients of the deep ocean bacterial community (of the NEAtlantic) by industries and environmental variant change.2012: 11-20: the hydrostatic pressure will increase by 0.1MPa for every 10m increase in depth in the seawater. Reference 5: caochamin, research and application of extreme microorganisms, tianjin agricultural science 2013, 19 (10): the definition of the bacteria, i.e., the bacteria 22-25, is a microorganism which relies on high pressure conditions for good growth. Microorganisms that normally perform their degradation in deep sea must be able to withstand higher pressures than the surface of the sea, which is essential for deep sea crude oil degradation. Therefore, the research on the carrier and the loaded high-efficiency oil-lowering pressure-philic bacterium agent, which have the ocean depth of less than 40m, can bear the pressure of less than 0.4MPa in the oil spill sea area without cracking, have high specific gravity and are not easy to migrate due to the impact of ocean currents on the sea bottom, can sink into a specified place without external force, and is an effective and targeted way for realizing the bioremediation of the deep sea oil spill.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the complex environment of deep sea high-pressure ocean current, the invention obtains the barotropic bacteria for degrading petroleum by taking seabed indigenous bacteria as a bacteria source and carrying out a series of screening. A series of degradation experiments are carried out by taking the screened barophilic bacteria as research objects, and the degradation effect of the barophilic bacteria on crude oil is measured.
1. The screening procedure of the present invention for the barophilic bacterium is as follows
(1) Taking sediments polluted by petroleum on the seabed of an offshore oil spilling area as a petroleum degradation indigenous bacteria source;
(2) screening of the barotropic petroleum degrading bacteria comprises the following specific steps:
① adding 2g of the sediment collected from the sampling point into a conical flask containing L B culture medium prepared from 100m L sterile seawater, culturing in a constant-temperature pressure device with 0.3-0.4MPa shown in figure 1, and performing gradient domestication and screening to obtain the bacteria liquid of the barophile.
② taking the screened bacteria liquid of the barotropic bacteria, taking out 5m L, adding into L enrichment culture liquid A (75% L B culture medium, 1 g/L crude oil and seawater to 100m L), culturing at 28 deg.C under 0.3-0.4 MPa.
③ when the enriched culture solution A is turbid, collecting 5m L to 100m L enriched culture solution B (50% L B culture medium +2 g/L crude oil + seawater to 100m L), culturing at 28 deg.C in 0.3-0.4MPa pressure device.
④ when the enriched culture solution B is turbid, 5m L is connected to 100m L enriched culture solution C (25% L B culture medium +3 g/L crude oil + seawater to 100m L), and the mixture is cultured in a pressurizing device with the pressure of 0.3-0.4MPa at 28 ℃.
⑤ when the enriched culture solution C is turbid, collecting 5m L to 100m L enriched culture solution D (4 g/L crude oil + seawater with constant volume of 100m L), culturing at 28 deg.C in a 0.3-0.4MPa pressurizing device to obtain petroleum hydrocarbon degradation barotropic bacteria using petroleum as sole carbon source, storing in 20% glycerol solution, and preserving at-20 deg.C.
(3) The carrier carries bacteria, and the specific steps are as follows:
① inoculating the petroleum-degrading bacteria liquid 2m L obtained by screening in the second step into a culture medium 100m LL B, putting the sterilized porous zirconia into the culture medium, and shaking the flask at 28 ℃ and 150rpm for culture;
② reaching logarithmic growth phase in 26 hr according to growth curve of petroleum degradation bacteria, and ending the bacteria-carrying process to obtain zirconium oxide carrier with maximum bacteria-carrying activity and bacteria-carrying amount of 1.1 × 108-1.2×108cfu/piece.
(4): degradation experiment of petroleum degradation barophilic bacteria on crude oil
① taking 14 Erlenmeyer flasks of 50ml for each concentration gradient, adding crude oil (crude oil is dissolved by oil remover, the amount of the oil remover is 25% of the weight of the crude oil) as a unique carbon source to the inorganic salt culture solution according to the concentration gradients of 1 g/L, 3 g/L and 5 g/L respectively, ultrasonically mixing the crude oil and the inorganic salt as uniformly as possible, taking 20ml of crude oil solution with different concentration gradients, subpackaging into 50ml of Erlenmeyer flasks, sealing and sterilizing.
② after the temperature is reduced to room temperature, 1 piece of porous zirconia carrier loaded with bacteria according to the method in the three steps is added into each experimental triangle flask, 3 pieces of sterilized non-loaded porous zirconia carriers are added into each control triangle flask with different concentrations, and the three control triangle flasks are placed in a pressurizing device with 0.3-0.4MPa and placed in a 25 ℃ climatic chamber for degradation.
③ two flasks are taken out every 5d from 3 concentration gradient experimental flasks at each time, the two flasks are placed in a 100ml centrifuge tube together with a porous zirconia carrier in the flasks, crude oil attached to each flask is washed by petroleum ether in an ultra-clean workbench to reduce the attachment of the crude oil as much as possible, a washing liquid is poured into the centrifuge tube, the petroleum ether is added into each centrifuge tube to 50ml, extraction and ultrasonic treatment are carried out for 30min respectively, 3500r/min centrifugation is carried out for 10min, and upper layer liquid in each experimental centrifuge tube is taken.
④ the supernatant liquid in the experimental centrifuge tube under each concentration gradient is placed in a constant weight small test tube m with known mass1In the middle, rotary evaporating at 60 ℃ until petroleum ether is completely volatilized, taking out a small test tube, weighing the weight m at room temperature2(ii) a The supernatant liquid in the centrifuge tube of the control group is placed in a small test tube m with constant weight3Rotary steaming at 60 deg.CUntil petroleum ether is completely volatilized, taking out the small test tube, and weighing the weight m of the small test tube at room temperature4The control group under each concentration gradient has three small test tubes, and the average value of the weight difference before and after evaporation in 3 small test tubes is recorded as m0。
The crude oil degradation rate is calculated by the following formula:
⑤ for 30 consecutive days, the results of crude oil degradation are shown in FIG. 3:
wherein the degradation rate of 1 g/L can reach 86.9 percent in 30 days, the degradation rate of 3 g/L can reach 68.3 percent, and the degradation rate of 5 g/L can only reach 49.1 percent, namely, the degradation rate is gradually reduced along with the increase of the crude oil concentration, and the degradation efficiency is better when the crude oil concentration is 1 g/L.
2. The invention has the advantages that:
(1) the pressure-philic crude oil degrading bacteria which can well grow and take crude oil as a unique carbon source at 0.3-0.4MPa are obtained by screening through a constant temperature and pressure device, and the bacteria have a good degrading effect on the deep sea bottom 30-40 m away from the sea surface. (2) The constant temperature and pressure equipment adopted in the experiment is independently designed, the pressure resistance is more than 0.4MPa, and the temperature can be displayed; the maximum pressure of the inflator is 0.8 MPa.
(3) The zirconia support used for the experiment had a diameter of about 1.7cm, a height of about 1.4cm, a porosity of 60%, and a bulk density of about 2.4g/cm3The pore size distribution is micron grade, the bacteria carrying amount is about 1.1 × 108-1.2×108cfu/piece.
(4) The degradation rate of the pressure-philic degradation bacteria screened by the method to crude oil with the concentration of 1 g/L can reach 86.9 percent in 30 days.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a view of a constant temperature and pressure pressurizing device
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the growth of indigenous bacteria
FIG. 3 crude oil degradation efficiency of oil-degrading mesophilic bacteria
Detailed Description
The method comprises the following steps: indigenous bacteria source collection
Taking sediments polluted by petroleum on the seabed of an offshore oil spilling area as a petroleum degradation indigenous bacteria source;
step two: screening of the barotropic petroleum degrading bacteria comprises the following specific steps:
(1) 2g of sediment collected from sampling points is added into a conical flask containing L B culture medium prepared from 100m L sterile seawater, the conical flask is placed in a constant-temperature pressurizing device with the pressure of 0.3-0.4MPa shown in figure 1 for culture, and the pressure-philic bacterium liquid with the pressure of 0.3-0.4MPa is obtained through gradient domestication and screening.
(2) Taking 5m L from the screened bacteria liquid of the barotropic bacteria, adding the bacteria liquid into a medium containing 100m L enrichment culture solution A (75% L B culture medium, 1 g/L crude oil and seawater are added to 100m L), and culturing the bacteria liquid in a pressurizing device with the pressure of 0.3-0.4MPa at the temperature of 28 ℃.
(3) When the enriched culture solution A is turbid, 5m L is connected to 100m L enriched culture solution B (50% L B culture medium +2 g/L crude oil + seawater to 100m L), and the mixture is cultured in a pressurizing device at 28 ℃ and 0.3-0.4 MPa.
(4) When the enriched culture solution B is turbid, 5m L is connected to 100m L enriched culture solution C (25% L B culture medium +3 g/L crude oil + seawater to 100m L), and the mixture is cultured in a pressurizing device at 28 ℃ and 0.3-0.4 MPa.
(5) When the enriched culture solution C is turbid, connecting 5m L to 100m L enriched culture solution D (inorganic salt culture medium +4 g/L crude oil + seawater to 100m L), culturing at 28 ℃ in a 0.3-0.4MPa device to obtain petroleum hydrocarbon degradation barotropic bacteria taking petroleum as a unique carbon source, storing in 20% glycerol solution, and preserving at-20 ℃.
Step three: carrier-carried bacterium
(1) Taking the petroleum hydrocarbon degradation bacteria liquid 2m L obtained by screening in the step two, inoculating into a culture medium 100m LL B, putting the sterilized porous zirconia into the culture medium, and shaking the flask for culture at 28 ℃ and 150 rpm;
(2) according to the growth curve of the indigenous bacteria, the petroleum hydrocarbon degradation barotropic bacteria reach the logarithmic growth phase in 26 hours, at the moment, the bacteria loading process of the zirconia carrier is finished, the zirconia carrier with the maximum bacteria loading activity period is obtained, and the bacteria loading amount is about 1.1 × 108-1.2×108cfu/piece.
Step four: petroleum-degrading barophile porous zirconia co-carrier crude oil degradation test
(1) Taking 14 Erlenmeyer flasks of 50ml for each concentration gradient, respectively adding crude oil (the crude oil is dissolved by a degreasing agent, the consumption of the degreasing agent is 25% of the weight of the crude oil) as a unique carbon source to the inorganic salt culture solution according to the concentration gradients of 1 g/L, 3 g/L and 5 g/L, ultrasonically mixing the crude oil and the inorganic salt as uniformly as possible, taking 20ml of crude oil solution with different concentration gradients, subpackaging the crude oil solution with different concentration gradients in the Erlenmeyer flasks of 50ml, sealing and sterilizing.
(2) After the temperature is reduced to room temperature, 1 porous zirconia carrier loaded with bacteria according to the method in the third step is added into each experimental triangle flask, 3 sterilized porous zirconia carriers without bacteria are added into three control triangle flasks with different concentrations, and the three control triangle flasks are placed in a pressurizing device with the pressure of 0.3-0.4MPa and placed in a 25 ℃ artificial climate box for degradation.
(3) Taking out two triangular flasks from 3 concentration gradient experimental triangular flasks every 5d, placing the two triangular flasks together with a porous zirconia carrier in the flasks in a 100ml centrifuge tube, flushing crude oil attached to each flask with petroleum ether in a clean bench to reduce the attachment of the crude oil as much as possible, and pouring a washing liquid into the centrifuge tube; adding petroleum ether into each centrifuge tube to 50ml, extracting and performing ultrasonic treatment for 30min respectively, centrifuging at 3500r/min for 10min, and collecting the upper liquid in each experimental centrifuge tube.
(4) Placing the upper layer liquid in the experimental centrifuge tube under each concentration gradient in a constant weight small test tube m with known mass1In the middle, rotary evaporating at 60 ℃ until petroleum ether is completely volatilized, taking out a small test tube, weighing the weight m at room temperature2(ii) a The supernatant liquid in the centrifuge tube of the control group is placed in a small test tube m with constant weight3Performing rotary evaporation at 60 ℃ until petroleum ether is completely volatilized, taking out the small test tube, and weighing the weight m of the small test tube at room temperature4The control group under each concentration gradient has three small test tubes, and the average value of the weight difference before and after evaporation in 3 small test tubes is recorded as m0。
The crude oil degradation rate is calculated by the following formula:
(5) the measurement is continued for 30 days, and the crude oil degradation result shown in FIG. 3 is obtained:
wherein the degradation rate of 1 g/L can reach 86.9 percent in 30 days, the degradation rate of 3 g/L can reach 68.3 percent, and the degradation rate of 5 g/L can only reach 49.1 percent, namely, the degradation rate is gradually reduced along with the increase of the crude oil concentration, and the degradation efficiency is highest when the crude oil concentration is 1 g/L.
Claims (4)
1. A screening method for treating deep sea oil spilling barophilic bacteria is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: indigenous bacteria source collection
Taking sediments polluted by petroleum on the seabed of an offshore oil spilling area as a petroleum degradation indigenous bacteria source;
step two: screening of the barotropic petroleum degrading bacteria comprises the following specific steps:
(1) adding 2g of sediment collected from a sampling point into a conical flask containing L B culture medium prepared from 100m L sterile seawater, wherein the L B culture medium is prepared from 3g of beef extract, 10g of peptone, 5g of NaCl, 1000m of L water, pH7.0-7.2, sterilizing at 121 ℃ for 20min, culturing at 28 ℃ in a pressurizing device with 0.3-0.4MPa, and performing gradient acclimation and screening to obtain a barophile bacterial solution;
(2) taking 5m L from the screened bacteria liquid of the barotropic bacteria, adding the bacteria liquid into a culture solution A containing 100m L, wherein the culture solution A is prepared by adding 75% of L B culture medium, 1 g/L of crude oil and seawater to 100m L at a constant volume of 28 ℃, and culturing in a pressurizing device at 0.3-0.4 MPa;
(3) when the enrichment culture solution A is turbid, connecting 5m L to 100m L enrichment culture solution B, wherein the enrichment culture solution B is prepared by adding 50% L B culture medium, 2 g/L crude oil and seawater to 100m L at a constant volume of 28 ℃, and culturing in a pressurizing device at 0.3-0.4 MPa;
(4) when the enrichment culture solution B is turbid, connecting 5m L to 100m L enrichment culture solution C, wherein the enrichment culture solution C is prepared by adding 25% of L B culture medium, 3 g/L g crude oil and seawater to 100m L at a constant volume of 28 ℃, and culturing in a pressurizing device at 0.3-0.4 MPa;
(5) when the enriched culture solution C is turbid, connecting 5m L to 100m L enriched culture solution D, wherein the enriched culture solution D is prepared by adding 4 g/L crude oil and seawater to 100m L at constant volume and 28 ℃, culturing in a 0.3-0.4MPa pressurizing device to obtain petroleum hydrocarbon degradation barophilic bacteria using petroleum as a unique carbon source, and storing in 20% glycerol solution at-20 ℃;
step three: carrier-carried bacterium
(1) Taking the petroleum hydrocarbon degradation bacteria liquid 2m L obtained by screening in the step two, inoculating the bacteria liquid into L B culture medium of 100m L, putting the sterilized porous zirconia into the culture medium, and shaking the flask at 28 ℃ and 150rpm for culture;
(2) according to the growth curve of the indigenous bacteria, the petroleum hydrocarbon degradation barotropic bacteria reach the logarithmic growth phase in 26 hours, at the moment, the bacteria loading process of the zirconia carrier is finished, the zirconia carrier with the maximum bacteria loading activity period is obtained, and the bacteria loading amount is 1.1 × 108-1.2×108cfu/piece;
step four: petroleum-degrading barophile-porous zirconia co-carrier crude oil degradation rate test
(1) Taking 14 triangular flasks with the concentration gradient of 50ml respectively, adding crude oil dissolved by an oil remover accounting for 25 percent of the weight of the crude oil into an inorganic salt culture solution according to the concentration gradients of 1 g/L, 3 g/L and 5 g/L respectively, preparing a mother solution taking different crude oil concentrations as a unique carbon source, performing ultrasonic treatment to uniformly mix the crude oil and the inorganic salt as much as possible, taking 20ml of crude oil solution with different concentration gradients, subpackaging the crude oil solution with the concentration gradients of 50ml into the triangular flasks, sealing the triangular flasks and sterilizing the flasks;
(2) after the temperature is reduced to room temperature, adding 1 porous zirconia carrier loaded with bacteria according to the method in the third step into each experimental triangle flask, adding 3 sterilized non-loaded porous zirconia carriers into each control triangle flask with different concentrations, putting the control triangle flask into a pressurizing device with 0.3-0.4MPa, and putting the control triangle flask into a 25 ℃ artificial climate box for degradation;
(3) taking out two triangular flasks from 3 concentration gradient experimental triangular flasks every 5d, placing the two triangular flasks together with a porous zirconia carrier in the flasks in a 100ml centrifuge tube, flushing crude oil attached to each flask with petroleum ether in a clean bench to reduce the attachment of the crude oil as much as possible, and pouring a washing liquid into the centrifuge tube; adding petroleum ether into each centrifuge tube to 50ml, extracting and performing ultrasonic treatment for 30min respectively, centrifuging at 3500r/min for 10min, and collecting the upper liquid in each experimental centrifuge tube;
(4) placing the upper layer liquid in the experimental centrifuge tube under each concentration gradient in a constant weight small test tube m with known mass1In the middle, rotary evaporating at 60 ℃ until petroleum ether is completely volatilized, taking out a small test tube, weighing the weight m at room temperature2(ii) a The supernatant liquid in the centrifuge tube of the control group is placed in a small test tube m with constant weight3Performing rotary evaporation at 60 ℃ until petroleum ether is completely volatilized, taking out the small test tube, and weighing the weight m of the small test tube at room temperature4The control group under each concentration gradient has three small test tubes, and the average value of the weight difference before and after evaporation in 3 small test tubes is recorded as m0；
The crude oil degradation rate is calculated by the following formula:
2. the screening method of claim 1, wherein the enriched culture solution A, B, C and the enriched culture solution D contain L B culture media in the ratio of 75%, 50%, 25% and 0, respectively, and the corresponding crude oil concentrations are 1 g/L, 2 g/L, 3 g/L and 4 g/L, wherein the L B culture medium is 3g beef extract, 10g peptone, 5g NaCl, 1000m L seawater, pH7.0-7.2, and sterilized at 121 ℃ for 20 min.
3. The screening method for treating deep sea oil spill barotropic bacteria according to claim 1, wherein: the pressure resistance of the pressurizing device is more than 0.4MPa, the temperature can be displayed, and the highest air pressure of the inflator pump is 0.8 MPa.
4. The screening method for treating deep sea oil spill barotropic bacteria according to claim 1, wherein: the diameter of the zirconia carrier adopted in the experiment is 1.65-1.75cm, the height is 1.35-1.45cm, the porosity is 55-65%, and the volume density is 2.35-2.45g/cm3Pore size distribution is micron grade, and bacterium carrying amount is 1.1 × 108-1.2×108cfu/piece.
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| Porous biocarrier-enhanced biodegradation of crude oil contaminated soil;Yuting Liang等;《International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation》;20080921;第63卷;80-87页 * |
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