CN104398248A - Slope difference root mean square value algorithm for confirming systolic pressure in electronic sphygmomanometer - Google Patents
Slope difference root mean square value algorithm for confirming systolic pressure in electronic sphygmomanometer Download PDFInfo
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- CN104398248A CN104398248A CN201410762707.6A CN201410762707A CN104398248A CN 104398248 A CN104398248 A CN 104398248A CN 201410762707 A CN201410762707 A CN 201410762707A CN 104398248 A CN104398248 A CN 104398248A
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- systolic pressure
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
- A61B5/021—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels
- A61B5/022—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels by applying pressure to close blood vessels, e.g. against the skin; Ophthalmodynamometers
- A61B5/0225—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels by applying pressure to close blood vessels, e.g. against the skin; Ophthalmodynamometers the pressure being controlled by electric signals, e.g. derived from Korotkoff sounds
Abstract
The invention discloses a slope difference root mean square value algorithm for confirming systolic pressure in an electronic sphygmomanometer, and relates to the technical field of the electronic sphygmomanometer based on an oscillometric method. The slope difference root mean square value algorithm for confirming the systolic pressure in the electronic sphygmomanometer is suitably achieved on a single chip computer of the electronic sphygmomanometer. The slope difference root mean square value algorithm for confirming the systolic pressure in the electronic sphygmomanometer solves the problems that when a traditional FAN algorithm is used to confirm the accurate position of a systolic pressure sampling point, the traditional FAN algorithm is complex, needs the single chip computer to upload sampling data to a PC (personal computer), and needs the PC to use special mathematical software to achieve processing, and therefore a measurement process is complex, and a measurement device is poor in portability. The slope difference root mean square value algorithm for confirming the systolic pressure in the electronic sphygmomanometer can rapidly and effectively confirm the position of the systolic pressure sampling point, and enables a blood pressure measurement device to have the advantages of being good in portability and easy to operate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the medical electronics areas of information technology of electric sphygmomanometer, particularly relate to a kind of method utilizing slope differences root-mean-square value method quick, effective differentiation human body systolic pressure based on " oscillographic method ", be adapted at single-chip microcomputer realizes.
Background technology
The measurement of human blood-pressure is divided into directly measures and indirect inspection.The former needs side removing blood stasis pipe, puts into conduit, although certainty of measurement is higher, requires higher, so be generally limited to critical patient to the safety and health of experimental situation.Indirect inspection is also known as non-invasive measurement, be only limitted to measure arterial pressure, although method is simple, but certainty of measurement is poor, and systolic pressure and diastolic pressure can only be measured, but people are also constantly finding raising precision, and widely used clinically is at present Ke's formula sound method (auscultation), and " oscillographic method " that improve on its basis.Oscillographic method can realize automatic measurement blood pressure, and this section mainly introduces the Principle and method of measurement of oscillographic method.
Oscillographic method uses special inflation cuff around upper arm one week, first cuff inflation is given by inflatable ball, when static pressure in cuff is greater than systolic arterial pressure (SP), cuff interruption artery blood flow, does not now have pulse signal (pulse signal is the AC signal of little amplitude) to generate in cuff; Slowly evenly venting, when static pressure in cuff is lower than systolic pressure, start to generate pulse signal, and the wave amplitude of pulse signal reduces with static pressure and increases gradually again; When static pressure equals mean arterial pressure (MP), tremulous pulse is closed and is in load condition, and pulse signal wave amplitude reaches maximum; When in cuff, pressure is less than mean pressure, the wave amplitude of pulse signal reduces gradually; After static pressure is less than diastolic pressure (DP), ductus arteriosus wall rigidity increases, and the wave amplitude of pulse signal maintains again the level of the amplitude such as less.Whole process as shown in Figure 1.
Pulse signal is AC signal, and frequency equals the frequency of human pulse, and the envelope of pulse signal is similar to parabola, respectively as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3.
Peak swing A in pulse signal wave amplitude sequence
mPthe pressure at place is defined as mean pressure, and conventional amplitude characteristic ratios method finds out diastolic pressure and systolic pressure from the normalized envelope of pulse signal, that is:
A
sP/ A
mP=α, wherein α ∈ [0.3,0.75]
A
dP/ A
mP=β, wherein β ∈ [0.4,0.9]
This method is proved to be effectively succinct, has stronger anti-interference and individual adaptability, easily realizes in the monitor taking microprocessor as core.But this is only preliminary surveying, carrys out Accurate Measurement systolic pressure by algorithm below.
(1) FAN algorithm (fan-shaped algorithm) measures systolic pressure
The pulse waveform feature at systolic pressure place is that trough shape is mild, for this this algorithm adopts the trough that fan-shaped (FAN) algorithm identification shape is mild.Following Fig. 4 of general principles of FAN algorithm, is mainly divided into following two steps:
Step 1: first arrange specific threshold value (
± ε), then using first sampled point T0 as starting point, with the line T0T1 of T0 and next sampled point T1 for benchmark, respectively get up and down at T0T1
εradian, obtains straight line (U1, L1); If the 3rd sampled point (T2) is dropped between U1, L1, then replace T1 with T2, with line T0T2 for benchmark, respectively get up and down
εobtain straight line (U2, L2), (U2, L2) and (U1, L1) are compared, retain the straight line assembled most, in figure be (U1, L2), this process constantly repeats down, until sampled point Tm falls beyond region.
Step 2: in each bat of pulse waveform, setting initial threshold is
ε 0 , be first sampled point with often clap first point, perform step 1 according to FAN algorithm, calculate sampled point below whether within the linearity region obtained.If sampled points all in this bat is all in this region, then metrics range is
ε 0 if sampled point Tm drops on beyond this region, then upgrading metric threshold is
ε 1 , re-execute step 1.Circulation like this, until sampled points all in this bat is all within region, obtains metrics range
ε m .
ε m the bat at minimum bat and systolic pressure SP place.FAN algorithm is the algorithm of comparatively accurate and reliable judgement systolic pressure point at present.
Because FAN algorithm is comparatively complicated, common way is that the pulse signal that single-chip microcomputer sampling generates is sent to host computer or PC, complicated calculating has been carried out by instruments such as mathematical operation softwares on host computer or PC, so be not suitable for realizing on the single-chip microcomputer that disposal ability is general, and whole measuring process is also not suitable for ordinary consumer to operate, therefore such blood pressure measurement device will become and use complexity, lose portability completely.Main purpose of the present invention is improved exactly and is simplified FAN algorithm, makes it to realize on the single-chip microcomputer that performance is medium, keeps portable, the easy-to-use advantage of electronic blood pressure measurement equipment.
List of references:
1, Qu Haozheng (inventor), " a kind of algorithm determining systolic pressure and diastolic pressure in electric sphygmomanometer ", Chinese invention patent application numbers 2013101292426, state: wait for bulletin of awaring a certificate.
2, Qu Haozheng (inventor), " digital filtering method that pulse wave extracts and digital filter ", Chinese invention patent application numbers 2014100469654, state: wait for substantive examination request.
3, Liu Na, " blood pressure and the research of cardiovascular status detection algorithm based on pulse wave ", Zhejiang University's Master's thesis, 2004.
4, Baidu library, " realization of oscillographic method blood pressure measurement and discussion ", http://wenku.baidu.com/view/5a22dbd026fff705cc170a04.html.
5, Zhang Guiping, " electric sphygmomanometer measuring principle and Problems existing ", http://wenku.baidu.com/view/4920d41fc281e53a5802ff71.html.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of method determining systolic pressure and diastolic pressure fast, being convenient to realize on single-chip microcomputer.Because fan-shaped algorithm determination systolic pressure is too complicated, be limited to the performance of the MCU such as single-chip microcomputer and cannot realize, and the MCU such as single-chip microcomputer be the measurement devices such as Portable Electronic Blood Pressure Monitor must one of obligato important devices, so the present invention makes the portability of Portable Electronic Blood Pressure Monitor, ease for use becomes possibility.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is: according to Fig. 5, when measuring beginning, MCU on one side sampled pressure sensor signal measures static pressure, while control Mini-size inflation pump cuff pressure is promoted to 170mmHg, then stop sampled pressure sensor signal, control inflator pump is slowly exitted with the speed of 3 ~ 5mmHg/ second.When static pressure in cuff is lower than systolic pressure, band filter exports pulse wave signal, and MCU samples to pulse wave signal, records the maximum of each pulse wave amplitude, MCU starts sampled pressure sensor signal immediately simultaneously, measures and records the static pressure in cuff.When static pressure in cuff is lower than diastolic pressure, pulse wave signal fades away, and stops the sampling of two paths of signals.The pulse wave maximum that MCU internal memory RAM records, can form the envelope of a pulse wave, as Fig. 3, pulse wave envelope transverse axis represents blood pressure, and the longitudinal axis represents the amplitude of pulse wave signal.
When determining systolic pressure, observation pulse wave envelope is positioned at the part on the left of mean pressure, from first sampled point, with reference to figure 6, in order to make figure succinctly clean, only indicating the longitudinal axis of each sampled point and the coordinate figure of transverse axis, below illustrate in figure:
T0 is first sample point coordinate is (T
0, A
0), the sampling instant of its transverse axis is T
0, corresponding pulse wave amplitude is A
0;
T1 is second sample point coordinate is (T
1, A
1), the sampling instant of its transverse axis is T
1, corresponding pulse wave amplitude is A
1;
The like, m sampled point Tm-1 coordinate is (T
m-1, A
m-1), the sampling instant of its transverse axis is T
m-1, corresponding pulse wave amplitude is A
m-1.
(m+1) individual sampled point Tm is the sampled point of pulse wave Amplitude maxima, and coordinate is (T
m, A
m), the sampling instant of its transverse axis is T
m, the maximum of corresponding pulse wave amplitude is A
m.
When computer processes, the pulse wave amplitude that each sampling instant MCU samples, together with sampling instant, is stored in the structural array of internal memory, calculates systolic pressure and the just corresponding sampling instant of conversion searching of the position of diastolic pressure on pulse wave envelope.Because sampling is carried out, so can be normalized transverse axis by the subscript of structural array, speed up processing with fixing frequency.
Computational methods of the present invention and step as follows:
The first step, using first observed sampled point T0 as basic point, links to the sampled point at envelope summit Tm(and mean pressure place) form a line segment T0Tm.T0 is linked to simultaneously each sampled point T1 between it and envelope summit, T2 ... Tm-1, formed one comprise (m-1) bar line segment T0T1, T0T2 ..., T0Tm-1 set L0.The difference of the slope then compared and calculate line segment T0Tm and the slope of every bar line segment in set L0, forms a new set R0, represents the departure degree gathering corresponding line segment and line segment T0Tm in L0 with sample each in R0.The method that the present invention quantizes this departure degree asks the root-mean-square value (RMS) of the sample gathering R0, and computing formula is:
.Represent that set L0 middle conductor deviates from the degree of line segment T0Tm partially generally with the root-mean-square value of the sample of set R0.
Second step, using second observed sampled point T1 as basic point, links to envelope summit Tm and forms a line segment T1Tm.Observed some T1 link to simultaneously each sampled point T2 between it and envelope summit, T3 ... Tm-1, formed one comprise (m-2) bar line segment T1T2, T1T3 ..., T1Tm-1 set L1.The difference of the slope then compared and calculate line segment T1Tm and the slope of every bar line segment in set L1, forms a new set R1, represents the departure degree gathering corresponding line segment and line segment T1Tm in L1 with sample each in R1.Calculate the root-mean-square value of the sample of the sample of set R1 equally, represent that set L1 middle conductor deviates from the degree of line segment T1Tm partially generally.
3rd step, the like, respectively using the 3rd observed sampled point T2 as basic point ..., a m sampled point Tm-1 as basic point, repeat above-mentioned computational methods, obtain each observed sampled point set R2 ..., Rm-1 and sample thereof root-mean-square value.Obviously, for wherein arbitrary sampled point Tn(0≤n≤m-1), the root-mean-square value of its set Rn sample, computing formula is:
。
Finally, the all sampled points calculated set R0, R1, R2 ..., Rm-1 sample root-mean-square value in, using minimum sample root-mean-square value as the condition locating feature the most gently judging packet of pulses winding thread, thus determine the position of the sampled point of systolic pressure SP on packet of pulses winding thread and the sampling instant of correspondence thereof and systolic pressure value.
Compared with the FAN algorithm of complexity, " root-mean-square value " method determination systolic pressure that the present invention proposes, compare with the technical scheme of No. 2013101292426 patent applications, also be to realize on single-chip microcomputer easily, and owing to passing through average value processing, compared to traditional difference algorithm (systolic pressure differentiates that point is significantly increased place in pulse wave amplitude), the interference that each pulse pulse signal of having sampled may be introduced can be weakened more greatly, improve the accuracy of judgement.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the principle schematic of oscillographic method Measure blood pressure;
Fig. 2 is pulse signal schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is the normalized envelope of pulse signal and amplitude characteristic ratios method schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is FAN algorithm schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 is the principle schematic of electronic circuit used in the present invention.
Main devices wherein and module declaration as follows.
MCU: the STM32F103C8T6 using ST company, be that a 32 ARM(based on Cortex-M3 kernel adopt ARMv7-M framework), containing abundant peripheral circuit, as the analog to digital converter (ADC) of multichannel 12-bit precision.It is with 20K SRAM and 128K FLASH.The system dominant frequency of work can reach 72MHz.Running voltage 3.3V, supports low-power consumption mode.
Pressure transducer: use Freescale(Freescale) model of company is the air gauge chip of MPVX5050GP, running voltage 5.0V, measurement range is 0 ~ 375mmHg.
Band filter: the analog filter be made up of an active high-pass filter and an active low-pass filter, passband frequency range is 0.48Hz ~ 20Hz.This band filter is a digital filter, is made up of, operates in MCU(ARM the IIR high pass filter on 6 rank and the FIR low pass filter on 32 rank) on.See list of references 2.
Display module: the LCD display device being customization, for the display of the parameter in display measurement process and measurement result.
Fig. 6 is the principle schematic of the algorithm determining systolic pressure.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 6 is the principle schematic of determination systolic pressure of the present invention.
Described in front, the summit of pulse signal envelope is mean pressure.In Fig. 6, Tm is the sample point at mean pressure place, and corresponding amplitude A m is the maximum of all sample point amplitudes.
Root-mean-square value algorithm computational process based on the slope differences sample of set R is as follows.
The first step: with first sampled point T0 for basic point, calculate line segment T0T1, T0T2, T0T3 ..., T0Tm slope be respectively:
T0T1 slope K 1=(A
1-A
0)/(T
1-T
0)
T0T2 slope K 2=(A
2-A
0)/(T
2-T
0)
T0T3 slope K 3=(A
3-A
0)/(T
3-T
0)
……
T0Tm slope K m=(A
m-A
0)/(T
m-T
0).
Second step: centered by line segment T0Tm slope K m, calculate (m-1) bar line segment T0T1, T0T2 ..., the slope of T0Tm-1 and the difference of T0Tm slope, with determine K1, K2, K3 ..., Km-1 and Km departure degree.Method is calculating K m and Ki(1≤i≤m-1) difference, and calculate the root-mean-square value of (m-1) individual slope differences sample, be designated as D0, as follows:
D0 = sqrt[( (Km-K1)^2+(Km-K2)^2+(Km-K3)^2+…+(Km-Km-1)^2 ) / (m-1)]
Wherein symbol X^2 represent ask variable X square, symbol sqrt [] represent to the numerical value extraction of square root in [].
3rd step: repeat the first step and second step, with T1 sampled point for basic point, calculate line segment T1T2, T1T3 ..., T1Tm slope be respectively:
T1T2 slope (A
2-A
1)/(T
2-T
1)
T1T3 slope (A
3-A
1)/(T
3-T
1)
……
T1Tm slope (A
m-A
1)/(T
m-T
1)
Centered by T1Tm slope, determine T1T2 slope, T1T3 slope ..., T1Tm-1 slope and T1Tm slope departure degree, ask the root-mean-square value of these slope differences equally, be designated as D1.
Repeat above-mentioned steps, until be basic point with Tm-1, calculate result Dm-1.
Finally, compare D0, D1, D2 ..., Dm-1, determine minimum root-mean-square value D, sample point corresponding to this value is systolic pressure SP point.
The code realizing this algorithmic procedure by C language is as follows:
// definition structure BLOOD stores the peak value of pulse wave and corresponding static pressure
typedef struct blood
{
Float peak; The peak value of // pulsation amplitude
Float mmHg; The pressure value of // correspondence
} BLOOD;
BLOOD bp[100];
Unsigned int pulse_cnt; // pulse wave pulse number
Float Max_peak; The maximum of // pulse wave wave amplitude peak value, the i.e. summit of pulse wave envelope
Float ratio; // temporary variable
Unsigned int Ks, Km; //Ks is systolic pressure point of observation, and Km is mean pressure point
Unsigned int d [50]; // store D0 ..., Dm-1
unsigned int k,l;
Unsigned int cnt_h=0; // enumerator, the qualified sampled point number that record amplitude characteristic ratios method is determined
Unsigned int x [50]; The sampled point sequence number that // storage amplitude characteristic ratios method is determined
/ * search maximum amplitude value Max_peak */
Max_peak = bp[0].peak;
Km = 0;
for(k=1;k<pulse_cnt;k++)
{
if((bp[k].peak>Max_peak))
{
Max_peak = bp[k].peak;
Km = k;
}
}
/ * search maximum amplitude value Max_peak terminate */
/ * calculating sample root-mean-square value */
for(k=0;k<Km;k++)
{
ratio = 0;
x[k] = (bp[Km].peak-bp[k].peak)/(Km-k);
for(l=(k+1);l<Km;l++)
{
x[l] = (bp[l].peak-bp[k].peak)/(l-k);
ratio = ratio + (x[k]-x[l])* (x[k]-x[l]);
}
X [k]=sqrt (ratio/ (Km-k)); // obtain the root-mean-square value of slope differences sample
}
/ * calculate sample root-mean-square value terminate */
/ * amplitude characteristic ratios method determination approximate range */
cnt_h = 0;
for(k=0;k<Km;k++)
{
ratio = (float)bp[k].peak/Max_peak;
if(ratio>=0.3 && ratio<=0.75)
{
x[cnt_h] = k;
cnt_h++;
}
}
/ * amplitude characteristic ratios method determination approximate range terminate */
/ * determine the sampled point * of systolic pressure/
ratio = d[x[0]];
Ks = x[0];
for(l=1;l<cnt_h;l++)
{
if(d[x[l]] < ratio)
{
ratio = d[x[l]];
Ks = x[l];
}
}
/ * determine the sampled point of systolic pressure terminate */
The systolic pressure finally obtained is bp [Ks] .mmHg.
Above-mentioned C source code, through the compiling of suitable compiler, almost can be operated on all single-chip microcomputers.
Claims (3)
1. in electric sphygmomanometer, determine the algorithm of systolic pressure for one kind, based on the process to pulse wave signal and envelope thereof, single-chip microcomputer realizes the accurate differentiation to systolic pressure and diastolic pressure sampled point, realize the automatic measurement of blood pressure, it is characterized in that: in the left side of pulse wave envelope summit Tm, select T0 successively from left to right, T1, T2, a sampled point in Tm-1 is as datum mark, as Tn point, the summit Tm linking to pulse wave envelope forms a line segment TnTm, then each sampled point between it and pulse wave envelope summit is linked to from this datum mark, form a set Ln comprising (m-n-1) bar line segment based on Tn point, then the every bar line segment slope in set of computations Ln relative to datum mark to pulse wave envelope summit line segment TnTm slope between difference, form a set Rn based on the slope difference of Tn point, when subscript n is increased to (m-1) from 0, by the line segment aggregate L0 based on all sampled points, L1, L2, Lm-1, calculates respectively and produces new set R0, R1, R2, Rm-1, to gather R0, R1, R2, the root-mean-square value of the slope differences sample of Rm-1 is as the foundation of sampling point position determining systolic pressure.
2. algorithm according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the left side of pulse wave envelope summit Tm, with based on all sampled points set R0, R1, R2 ..., the root-mean-square value of the slope differences sample of each set that calculates of Rm-1, corresponding set Ln(0≤n≤m-1) in line segment and line segment TnTm departure degree generally, departure degree and set Rn(0≤n≤m-1) the root-mean-square value of slope differences sample be directly proportional.
3. algorithm according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the left side of pulse wave envelope summit Tm, with based on all sampled points set R0, R1, R2 ..., the root-mean-square value of the slope differences sample of each set that calculates of Rm-1 is position according to determining systolic pressure sampled point, discrimination standard is set Rn(0≤n≤m-1) the root-mean-square value of slope differences sample minimum.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104869190A (en) * | 2015-04-28 | 2015-08-26 | 广东睿超电子科技有限公司 | Health smart phone |
| CN106170676A (en) * | 2015-07-14 | 2016-11-30 | 深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司 | For determining the method for the movement of mobile platform, equipment and system |
| CN109381173A (en) * | 2017-08-02 | 2019-02-26 | 百略医学科技股份有限公司 | Blood pressure measuring device with pulse pressing belt and operation method thereof |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103169465A (en) * | 2013-04-15 | 2013-06-26 | 瞿浩正 | Algorithm for determining systolic pressure and diastolic pressure in electronic sphygmomanometer |
| CN103251401A (en) * | 2013-04-29 | 2013-08-21 | 瞿浩正 | Band-pass filter with zero reference point for extracting cuff pulse waves and filtering method |
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2014
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103169465A (en) * | 2013-04-15 | 2013-06-26 | 瞿浩正 | Algorithm for determining systolic pressure and diastolic pressure in electronic sphygmomanometer |
| CN103251401A (en) * | 2013-04-29 | 2013-08-21 | 瞿浩正 | Band-pass filter with zero reference point for extracting cuff pulse waves and filtering method |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104869190A (en) * | 2015-04-28 | 2015-08-26 | 广东睿超电子科技有限公司 | Health smart phone |
| CN106170676A (en) * | 2015-07-14 | 2016-11-30 | 深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司 | For determining the method for the movement of mobile platform, equipment and system |
| CN106170676B (en) * | 2015-07-14 | 2018-10-09 | 深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司 | Method, equipment and the system of movement for determining mobile platform |
| US10895458B2 (en) | 2015-07-14 | 2021-01-19 | SZ DJI Technology Co., Ltd. | Method, apparatus, and system for determining a movement of a mobile platform |
| CN109381173A (en) * | 2017-08-02 | 2019-02-26 | 百略医学科技股份有限公司 | Blood pressure measuring device with pulse pressing belt and operation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20150311 |