CN1043975A - Cold-hot electirc linking device - Google Patents
Cold-hot electirc linking device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1043975A CN1043975A CN 89106876 CN89106876A CN1043975A CN 1043975 A CN1043975 A CN 1043975A CN 89106876 CN89106876 CN 89106876 CN 89106876 A CN89106876 A CN 89106876A CN 1043975 A CN1043975 A CN 1043975A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- valve
- hot
- vapour condenser
- cold
- water
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/14—Combined heat and power generation [CHP]
Landscapes
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
Abstract
The cold-hot electirc linking device of a kind of energy cooling, heat supply, power supply belongs to the improvement of turbogenerator thermal system and structure.Can central cooling when being implemented in power supply, heat supply, in vapour condenser grid system, be divided into the hot water pipe net and the cooling water pipe network of independent operating separately, and the structure of steam turbine, vapour condenser done improvement.The advantage of this device be no matter be in south, the north, during the broiling summer with winter of cold, can central cooling and heat supply in power supply, make things convenient for the user, thermal efficiency height, energy saving, conservation of power.
Description
A kind of cold-hot electirc linking device is the improvement of the thermodynamic system and the structure of Turbo-generator Set.
＜the cogeneration collection of translations〉in, the steam turbine of article＜transform for regional hot water service〉point out in (Zhu Jiawei is translated from Power Engineering 1980No8P59-P61): " usually in a conventional coal-fired power plant; the heat energy that fuel produces only has less than 40% and changes effective electric energy into; in the thermoelectricity plant of electric energy and heat energy Joint Production, total efficient can reach 75% ".But also there is not the thermodynamic system operation of energy power supply simultaneously, cooling, heat supply now.For weather relatively hot zone and summer, Turbo-generator Set only is used for power supply, and the thermal efficiency is lower, and a part of energy can not be utilized, and is wasted.
The object of the invention provides cold-hot electirc linking device, in power supply, realizes regional heating or cooling, makes things convenient for the user, raises the efficiency, and saves the energy.
The present invention realizes in order to following scheme: adopt the circulation of water vapor backheat to produce electric energy.The thermodynamic system of forming Turbo-generator Set by boiler, steam turbine, vapour condenser, condensate pump, low-pressure heater, oxygen-eliminating device, feed water pump, high-pressure heater etc.: after the steam that boiler (1) produces enters steam turbine (2) expansion working, be discharged to vapour condenser (4) and condense into water, by condensate pump (5) water of condensation is sent to low-pressure heater (6), oxygen-eliminating device (7), by feed water pump (8) water is sent to boiler (1) through high-pressure heater (9) again, circulation goes round and begins again.Because steam turbine may be at pure condensation generating operation mode, or cogeneration of heat and power, or combined power and cooling, or the cold-hot electirc linking operating mode, the operating mode complexity.Be to guarantee the safety reliability of steam turbine operation, set up mounting thermal expansion indicating meter behind the steam turbine.For variable working condition needs, vapour condenser manufactures can the transform stream number of passes.The grid system is become with cooling water pipe network set of systems by the hot water pipe network system of independent operating separately.When this device moved by the coproduction operating mode, hot water pipe network system put into operation.The backwater of hot water pipe net is through valve V
14Enter vapour condenser, flow out from vapour condenser through the water that heats, through valve V as thermal source
5, V
7Enter heater (11) double heating, from valve V
9Flow out, flow to two connecting pipelines according to different operating modes.If the cogeneration of heat and power operating mode, by valve V
9The hot water that flows out is through valve V
10, directly flow to hot user, again through valve V
13Enter the pipe network return pipe, again through pump (10), valve V
14Flow into vapour condenser.If the combined power and cooling operating mode, by valve V
9The hot water that flows out is through valve V
11Enter refrigerator (12), as the energy of this refrigerator, treat that temperature reduces after, through valve V
12Flow in the return pipe of pipe network, through pump (10), valve V
14Send into vapour condenser, reciprocation cycle.If the cold-hot electirc linking operating mode, by valve V
9The hot water that flows out is respectively through valve V
10Enter hot user and through valve V
11Enter refrigerator (12), at last respectively along valve V
13And V
12Flow into return pipe.
The water temperature of hot water pipe net can be regulated.When initial temperature requires to hang down, throttle down V
6, V
7, V
9, heater (11) is out of service, and the hot water from vapour condenser is along valve V
5, V
8Directly enter hot user or refrigerator (12).When water temperature is had relatively high expectations, open valve V
6, V
7, V
9, adjust valve V
6The aperture size enters the steam flow of heater (11) in order to adjusting, can reach the purpose of regulating water temperature.
The front water chamber of vapour condenser (4) is divided into four partly with dividing plate, and first two part of front water chamber is at the outside valve V that uses of hydroecium
0Connect to connect, two mouth of pipe II, III respectively with valve V
2, V
3Connect.Second two mouths of pipe of vapour condenser front water chamber connect with two valves respectively.Mouth of pipe I connects valve V
1, V
14, mouth of pipe IV connects valve V
4, V
5, second each mouth of pipe of hydroecium all connects by valve and hot user, refrigerator, and refrigerator and colod-application family connect.The hot water that flows out from vapour condenser (4), heater (11) is as the thermal source of refrigerator.Back hydroecium is separated into two disconnected half-cylindrical spaces along vertical center line with cylindrical space by a vertical clapboard, space and front water chamber corresponding position a
1, a
2The zone be connected by heat exchanging tube, another space then with the corresponding a of front water chamber
3, a
4The zone is connected by heat exchanging tube.
Suitably switch the adapter system, can change the flow process number of vapour condenser.When pure condensing condition, throttle down V
0, V
5And V
14, cooling water is respectively from valve V
1And V
4Enter a of front water chamber
1And a
4The zone flows to the back hydroecium along heat exchanging tube, again from the backflow a of front water chamber of back hydroecium
2And a
3The zone is from valve V
2And V
3Flow out.When thermoelectricity, cold electricity or cold-hot electirc linking, vapour condenser is four flow processs.Throttle down V
1, V
2, V
3, V
4, hot water is through valve V
14Flow into the regional a of front water chamber
1, flowing to the back hydroecium along heat exchanging tube, front water chamber zone a backflows again
2, again along valve V
0Flow to regional a
3, hot water is from a
3The zone flows to the back hydroecium along heat exchanging tube, again along the heat exchanging tube front water chamber a that backflows
4The zone is again along valve V
5Flow into hot water pipe net.
Heater in the pipe network (11) is common surface heater, the thermal source that adds hot water with the conduct of the steam in the extracted steam from turbine pipeline, its water of condensation is led to the hot well of vapour condenser with pipeline, the shell side steam side is established a bleeding point, and connect with the vapour condenser shell side, utilize two shell side pressure reduction to extract non-condensible gas out, keep heat exchange effect preferably.
For colod-application family provides the refrigerator of cold water can be with common single-effect lithium bromide absorption refrigerating machine.This refrigerator is the energy with 90 ℃ hot water, 60～80% of absorption heat can be converted into refrigerating capacity, and cold water temperature is 10 ℃～20 ℃.
The advantage of this device is: owing to adopt the cold-hot electirc linking method of supplying, thereby make things convenient for the user.No matter be the north or southern area in electricity consumption simultaneously, can be used for cooling summer, can be used for heating winter.The industrial Turbo-generator Set of industry such as for example papermaking, weaving, sugaring can heat and cooling in supply electric load, heat load, have been widely used.In addition, energy-saving effect is remarkable, when season in spring and autumn, the thermal efficiency the same with common firepower power station is arranged.Warm oneself season in the winter time, the thermal efficiency identical with the low-vacuum-operating cogeneration power plant is arranged: 75～80%; The thermal efficiency when cooling in summer combined power and cooling in season is 60～65%; The thermal efficiency when cold-hot electirc linking is 68～74%.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is the principled thermal system figure of cold-hot electirc linking device.
Fig. 2 is the vapour condenser plan view in the cold-hot electirc linking device.
Fig. 3 removes hydroecium cover plate B to view for the vapour condenser in the cold-hot electirc linking device.
Fig. 4 removes hydroecium cover plate A to view for the vapour condenser in the cold-hot electirc linking device.
Embodiment:
One, hot and cold, thermoelectric coproduction device
1, boiler (1) adopts WGZ75/39-4.6 type, pulverized coal pressing fired boiler among the 75t/h.
2, steam turbine (2) adopts the N12-35 type that the Qingdao steam turbine plant is produced, the 12000kW condensing steam turbine, and this steam turbine is done following change on the original basis:
(1), in the institution of distributing gas, increase by two admission spherical valves, make the maximum throttle flow of unit be increased to 76t/h by original 67t/h.
(2), the latus rectum with the low-pressure heater extraction opening changes 2 * DN300 into by 2 original * DN200.
(3), mounting place installing thermal expansion indicator behind steam turbine.
(4), with original two 20m
2Oil cooler changes two 30m into
2.
3, generator (3) adopts the Jinan life to build the QF-12-2 type that electrical machinery plant produces, 12000kW steam turbine generator.
4, vapour condenser (4) adopts the N-1000-2 type, and film-cooled heat is 1000m
2
5, condensate pump (5) is selected 4N6 type condensate extractionpump for use.
6, low-pressure heater (6) heating area is 40m
2
7, oxygen-eliminating device (7) is the complete auxiliaries of boiler 1, and its working pressure is the 0.12MPa(absolute pressure).
8, feed water pump (8) is selected DG45-59 type boiler feed pump for use.
9, its heating area of high-pressure heater (9) is 65m
2
10, circulating water pump (10) is selected 20Sh-6 type, double-suction centrifugal pump for use.
11, its heating area of heater (11) is 300m
2
12, refrigerator (12) can adopt one of following two schemes, and scheme (1) should be paid the utmost attention to:
(1), select two of XW-1500 type lithium-bromide absorption-type refrigerating machines for use, the hot water inlet temperature is 90 ℃, outlet temperature is 70 ℃.
(2), select 10 of XW-300 type lithium-bromide absorption-type refrigerating machines for use.
13, valve V
1～V
14All select plain edition gate valve or stop valve for use.
Two, operating conditions
1,, presses the operation of condensing generating operation mode: valve V in season in spring and autumn
1, V
2, V
3And V
4Open, other valves are all closed.The steam turbine throttle flow is 58t/h, and exhaust steam pressure is that 0.006MPa(is absolute), the cooling water inflow that enters vapour condenser is 3800t/h, coolant water temperature is 25 ℃.Electric power is 12000kW, and the steam turbine set thermal efficiency is 30%, and the device thermal efficiency is 24%, and gross coal consumption rate is 512 gram/kilowatt hours.
2, heating phase in the winter time is by the operation of cogeneration of heat and power operating mode: valve V
14, V
13, V
10, V
9, V
7, V
6, V
5, V
0Open other valve closings, low-pressure heater (6) (the III level amount of drawing gas is zero) out of service from heat regenerative system.The steam turbine throttle flow is 72.5t/h, and exhaust steam pressure is that 0.07MPa(is absolute), the extraction pressure that enters heater (11) is that 0.1MPa(is absolute), the hot water flow that enters condenser is 1900t/h, the temperature of hot water after double heating is 90 ℃.Electric power is 12000kW, and heating load is 3.8 * 10
7Kcal/h, the steam turbine set thermal efficiency are 97%, and the device thermal efficiency is 78%, and gross coal consumption rate is 160 gram/kilowatt hours.
3,, press the operation of combined power and cooling operating mode: valve V in the cooling in summer phase
14, V
12, V
11, V
9, V
7, V
6, V
5With V
0Open, other valves are all closed, and low-pressure heater (6) is out of service from heat regenerative system.The steam turbine throttle flow is 72.5t/h, exhaust steam pressure is that 0.07MPa(is absolute), the extraction pressure that enters heater (11) is that 0.1MPa(is absolute), the hot water flow that enters vapour condenser is 1900t/h, hot water enters refrigerator (12) after double heating temperature is 90 ℃.Electric power is 12000kW, and the cooling amount is 3 * 10
7Kcal/h, the steam turbine set thermal efficiency are 83%, and the device thermal efficiency is 66%, and gross coal consumption rate is 186 gram/kilowatt hours.
4, when in factory or other occasions that need adopt this device, press the cold-hot electirc linking operating mode when moving: valve V
1, V
2, V
3, V
4And V
8Close, other valve openings, low-pressure heater (6) is out of service.The steam turbine throttle flow is 72.5t/h, and exhaust steam pressure is that 0.07MPa(is absolute), the extraction pressure that enters heater (11) is that 0.1MPa(is absolute), 90 ℃ of hot water flows after double heating are 1900t/h.Electric power is 12000kW, heat supply simultaneously or cooling.The steam turbine set thermal efficiency is 97%, and the power station thermal efficiency changes between 66～78%.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of hot and cold, the thermoelectric coproduction device of cooling, heat supply, power supply simultaneously, adopt the circulation of water vapor backheat to produce electric energy, form the thermodynamic system of Turbo-generator Set by boiler, steam turbine, vapour condenser, condensate pump, low-pressure heater, oxygen-eliminating device, feed water pump, high-pressure heater etc., it is characterized in that:
A) on steam turbine, set up the back mounting thermal expansion indicating meter that guarantees safe and reliable operation;
B) vapour condenser of employing energy shift process;
C) the grid system is divided into the hot water pipe net and the cooling water pipe network of independent operating separately, and hot water pipe network system is the water as thermal source through heating that is flowed out by condenser, through valve V
5, V
7, heater (11), valve V
9After the outflow, flow to two connecting pipelines: i) through valve V according to different operating modes
10The hot user that flows through is again through valve V
13Flow into the return pipe of pipe network, through pump (10), valve V
14Flow back to vapour condenser, ii) by valve V
9Through valve V
11Enter refrigerator (12), again through valve V
12Flow into the pipe network return pipe, through pump (10), valve V
14Flow back to vapour condenser.
2, according to described hot and cold, the thermoelectric coproduction device of claim 1, it is characterized in that the front water chamber of the vapour condenser of energy shift process is divided into four partly with dividing plate, first two part of front water chamber is at hydroecium external application valve V
0Connect, back hydroecium is divided into left and right two partly with dividing plate, and two mouths of pipe of second of front water chamber are connected with two valves respectively, and a mouth of pipe connects valve V
1, V
14, another mouth of pipe connects valve V
4, V
5, first two mouths of pipe respectively with valve V
2, V
3Connect.
3, according to described hot and cold, the thermoelectric coproduction device of claim 1, heater in the hot water pipe net (11) is common surface heater, as the thermal source that adds hot water, water of condensation is led to vapour condenser with pipeline with steam in the extracted steam from turbine pipeline, and shell side is communicated with the vapour condenser shell side.
4, according to described hot and cold, the thermoelectric coproduction device of claim 1, for the refrigerator of colod-application family cooling can be with common single-effect lithium bromide absorption refrigerating machine or ammonia absorption refrigerating machine.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 89106876 CN1034964C (en) | 1989-12-06 | 1989-12-06 | Cold, heat electric shaft producting device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 89106876 CN1034964C (en) | 1989-12-06 | 1989-12-06 | Cold, heat electric shaft producting device |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1043975A true CN1043975A (en) | 1990-07-18 |
| CN1034964C CN1034964C (en) | 1997-05-21 |
Family
ID=4856946
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 89106876 Expired - Fee Related CN1034964C (en) | 1989-12-06 | 1989-12-06 | Cold, heat electric shaft producting device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1034964C (en) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101712884A (en) * | 2009-09-14 | 2010-05-26 | 国科瑞德(北京)能源科技发展有限公司 | Co-production device for producing hydrocarbon through methanol dehydration as well as cold, heat and power |
| CN1880855B (en) * | 2006-01-12 | 2010-12-08 | 威海市益良节能科技有限责任公司 | Integrated power self-supply system employing combined heat and power for centralized heating boiler house |
| CN102147123A (en) * | 2010-02-10 | 2011-08-10 | 同方川崎空调设备有限公司 | Waste heat recovery type heating system of initial station |
| CN102797522A (en) * | 2012-08-28 | 2012-11-28 | 西安交通大学 | Medium-and-low-temperature waste-heat recovery system for realizing combined cold-power/ heat-power generation |
| CN102997309A (en) * | 2012-12-26 | 2013-03-27 | 北京国电蓝天节能科技开发有限公司 | Classification heating system with high-temperature heat source heater bypass pipe |
| CN103017233A (en) * | 2012-12-26 | 2013-04-03 | 北京国电蓝天节能科技开发有限公司 | Low-level energy classified hybrid heating system for air cooling unit |
| CN103266926A (en) * | 2013-05-20 | 2013-08-28 | 东南大学 | Device and method for achieving cold and hot electricity multi-generation by utilizing middle-and-low-temperature exhaust heat |
| CN112554981A (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2021-03-26 | 西安交通大学 | Power system for industrial steam supercritical carbon dioxide and operation method |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100378297C (en) * | 2004-10-01 | 2008-04-02 | 李荣庆 | Refrigeration condensing and air cooling facilities and its heat energy reclaiming system of turbo generator |
-
1989
- 1989-12-06 CN CN 89106876 patent/CN1034964C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1880855B (en) * | 2006-01-12 | 2010-12-08 | 威海市益良节能科技有限责任公司 | Integrated power self-supply system employing combined heat and power for centralized heating boiler house |
| CN101712884A (en) * | 2009-09-14 | 2010-05-26 | 国科瑞德(北京)能源科技发展有限公司 | Co-production device for producing hydrocarbon through methanol dehydration as well as cold, heat and power |
| CN101712884B (en) * | 2009-09-14 | 2014-11-19 | 国科瑞德(北京)能源科技发展有限公司 | Co-production device for producing hydrocarbon through methanol dehydration as well as cold, heat and power |
| CN102147123A (en) * | 2010-02-10 | 2011-08-10 | 同方川崎空调设备有限公司 | Waste heat recovery type heating system of initial station |
| CN102797522A (en) * | 2012-08-28 | 2012-11-28 | 西安交通大学 | Medium-and-low-temperature waste-heat recovery system for realizing combined cold-power/ heat-power generation |
| CN102797522B (en) * | 2012-08-28 | 2015-10-28 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of Low and mid temperature heat recovery system realizing cold electricity/cogeneration of heat and power |
| CN102997309A (en) * | 2012-12-26 | 2013-03-27 | 北京国电蓝天节能科技开发有限公司 | Classification heating system with high-temperature heat source heater bypass pipe |
| CN103017233A (en) * | 2012-12-26 | 2013-04-03 | 北京国电蓝天节能科技开发有限公司 | Low-level energy classified hybrid heating system for air cooling unit |
| CN103266926A (en) * | 2013-05-20 | 2013-08-28 | 东南大学 | Device and method for achieving cold and hot electricity multi-generation by utilizing middle-and-low-temperature exhaust heat |
| CN103266926B (en) * | 2013-05-20 | 2015-09-09 | 东南大学 | A kind of device and method utilizing middle-low temperature heat used heat to realize cool and thermal power multiple-supplying |
| CN112554981A (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2021-03-26 | 西安交通大学 | Power system for industrial steam supercritical carbon dioxide and operation method |
| CN112554981B (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2022-03-22 | 西安交通大学 | Power system for industrial steam supercritical carbon dioxide and operation method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1034964C (en) | 1997-05-21 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN101696643B (en) | Low-temperature heat energy recovering apparatus of heat and electricity co-generation and recovering method thereof | |
| CN201560812U (en) | Cogeneration low temperature thermal energy recovery device | |
| CN208124429U (en) | A kind of thermal power plant unit steam extraction waste heat recycling system | |
| CN207813667U (en) | Low pressure cylinder cooling system based on different steam ports | |
| CN107905897A (en) | Gas turbine cycle flue gas waste heat recovery and inlet gas cooling association system and method | |
| CN104976671A (en) | Wide-load heat supply energy-saving system of back pressure type small turbine drive water supply pump | |
| CN108758584A (en) | A kind of cold and hot storage alliance coal fired power plant air cooling system and its operation regulation and control method of waste heat combination driving | |
| CN208253694U (en) | A kind of waste heat recycling system reducing heat supply network return water temperature | |
| CN1034964C (en) | Cold, heat electric shaft producting device | |
| CN201322468Y (en) | Novel multi-functional heat pump air conditioner | |
| CN102392700A (en) | Novel backpressure turbine with low vacuum regenerative heat | |
| CN105042666B (en) | Wide-load heat supply energy-saving system of back pressure type small steam turbine driven draught fan | |
| CN109882256A (en) | A kind of 135MW super-pressure back pressure heat supply transformation steam turbine | |
| CN207006100U (en) | A kind of central cooler waste gas and sintering smoke from big gas duct waste heat comprehensive utilization system | |
| CN214249744U (en) | Waste heat recovery heating system | |
| CN204984511U (en) | Condensing formula unit cold junction system of power plant based on parallelly connected arranging | |
| CN204757075U (en) | Wide load of little steam turbine of backpressure formula drive draught fan supplies heat energy -saving system | |
| CN204786684U (en) | Wide load of little steam turbine of backpressure formula drive water -feeding pump supplies heat energy -saving system | |
| CN209621421U (en) | A kind of industrial heating system integrated for Combined cycle gas-steam turbine unit steam extraction | |
| CN208186478U (en) | Domestic garbage burning electricity generation low-temperature circulating water heating system | |
| CN206753663U (en) | A kind of hot water converts mechanical dynamic system | |
| CN104929707B (en) | Power station exhaust steam latent heat and exhaust smoke waste heat combined generating system and optimizing running method | |
| CN110030767B (en) | Cold and hot double-effect split-flow type energy recovery system | |
| CN110118359A (en) | A kind of combustion electricity complementary type heating peak system for thermal substation | |
| CN110778414B (en) | Gas generating set waste heat utilization sled piece device |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | ||
| C53 | Correction of patent for invention or patent application | ||
| CB02 | Change of applicant information |
Applicant after: He Jingdong Applicant before: Jieneng Power Group Co., Qingdao City |
|
| COR | Change of bibliographic data |
Free format text: CORRECT: APPLICANT; FROM: QINGDAO JIENENG POWER CORP. TO: HE JINGDONG |
|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C15 | Extension of patent right duration from 15 to 20 years for appl. with date before 31.12.1992 and still valid on 11.12.2001 (patent law change 1993) | ||
| OR01 | Other related matters | ||
| C19 | Lapse of patent right due to non-payment of the annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |