CN104397009B - 一种用于番茄上的杀虫杀菌剂 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于番茄上的杀虫杀菌剂，所述杀虫杀菌剂的剂型为水分散粒剂，有效成分为大蒜素、嘧霉胺和吡虫啉，助剂为脂肪胺聚氧乙烯嘧、月桂醇硫酸钠、葡萄糖、膨润土。本发明一次用药，可以同时防治病虫害，节省了人力、物力，减少了用药量，降低了农药残留，且防治效果快，持效期长。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于番茄上的杀虫杀菌剂，具体涉及一种三元复配制剂，用于防治番茄蚜虫和番茄灰霉病，其有效成分为大蒜素、嘧霉胺和吡虫啉，属于农药技术领域。
背景技术
嘧霉胺又名施佳乐，化学名称为N-（4,6-二甲基嘧啶-2-基）苯胺，属苯胺基嘧啶类新型杀菌剂，通过抑制病菌侵染酶的产生从而阻止病菌的侵染并杀死病菌。具有內吸传导和熏蒸作用，施药后迅速达到植株的花、幼果等喷雾无法达到的部位杀死病菌，药效更快、更稳定。特别是对苯并咪唑类和氨基甲酸酯类杀菌剂已产生抗药性的灰霉病菌效果较好，但嘧霉胺用到有些作物如茄子上，容易出现药害，浓度高或用量大时，药害会更加严重。
吡虫啉是硝基亚甲基类内吸杀虫剂，是烟酸乙酰胆碱酯酶受体的作用体，干扰害虫运动神经系统使化学信号传递失灵，无交互抗性问题。用于防治刺吸式口器害虫及其抗性品系。吡虫啉是新一代氯代尼古丁杀虫剂，具有广谱、高效、低毒、低残留，害虫不易产生抗性，对人、畜、植物和天敌安全等特点，并有触杀、胃毒和内吸多重药效。害虫接触药剂后，中枢神经正常传导受阻，使其麻痹死亡。速效性好，药后1天即有较高的防效，残留期长达25天左右。药效和温度呈正相关，温度高，杀虫效果好。主要用于防治刺吸式口器害虫。吡虫啉主要用于防治刺吸式口器害虫，如蚜虫、飞虱、粉虱、叶蝉、蓟马；对鞘翅目、双翅目和鳞翅目的某些害虫，如稻象甲、稻负泥虫、稻螟虫、潜叶蛾等也有效。
大蒜素（Allicin）是从百合科葱属植物大蒜（Allium Sativum）的鳞茎（大蒜头）中提取的一种有机硫化合物，也存在于洋葱和其他葱属植物中。学名二烯丙基硫代亚磺酸酯。淡黄色油状液体。沸点80-85℃（0.2kPa），相对密度1.112（20/4℃），折光率1.561。溶于乙醇、氯仿或乙醚。水中溶解度2.5%(质量)(10℃)，其水溶液pH值为6.5，静置时有油状物沉淀物形成。与乙醇，乙醚及苯可互溶。对热碱不稳定，对酸稳定。由存在于百合科植物大蒜的鳞茎中，由存在的大蒜氨酸在大蒜酶作用下转化产生。也存在于葱的鳞茎中。具有强烈的大蒜臭，味辣。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种用于番茄上的杀虫杀菌剂，具体涉及一种三元复配制剂，用于防治番茄蚜虫和番茄灰霉病，其有效成分为大蒜素、嘧霉胺和吡虫啉，本发明一次用药，可以同时防治病虫害，节省了人力、物力，减少了用药量，降低了农药残留，且防治效果快，持效期长。
本发明的技术方案如下：
一种用于番茄上的杀虫杀菌剂，所述杀虫杀菌剂的剂型为水分散粒剂，有效成分为大蒜素、嘧霉胺和吡虫啉，助剂为脂肪胺聚氧乙烯醚、月桂醇硫酸钠、葡萄糖、膨润土。
进一步的，本发明各原料组分按质量百分比计：
大蒜素0.1%-1%、嘧霉胺1%-25%、吡虫啉1%-25%、脂肪胺聚氧乙烯醚5%-10%、月桂醇硫酸钠3%-6%、葡萄糖1%-3%、膨润土加至100%。
进一步的，本发明各原料组分按质量百分比计：
大蒜素0.3%-0.8%、嘧霉胺1%-25%、吡虫啉1%-25%、脂肪胺聚氧乙烯醚6%-9%、月桂醇硫酸钠3.5%-5.5%、葡萄糖1.5%-2.5%、膨润土加至100%。
更进一步的，本发明各原料组分按质量百分比计：
大蒜素0.4%、嘧霉胺14.8%、吡虫啉14.8%、助剂为脂肪胺聚氧乙烯醚7%、月桂醇硫酸钠4.5%、葡萄糖2%、膨润土加至100%。
本发明杀虫杀菌剂用于防治番茄灰霉病和蚜虫，灰霉病发病初期或蚜虫幼虫期施药；每年施药1次或2次；有效成分用药量为10克/公顷-30克/公顷，优选的，用药量为15.5克/公顷。
本发明对番茄灰霉病和蚜虫具有非常好的防治效果，本发明中大蒜素、嘧霉胺和吡虫啉复配，不仅可以兼具杀虫杀菌作用，且防治效果具有相加作用，本发明番茄灰霉病和蚜虫的防治见效快，持效期长，对非靶标作物无影响。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例来进一步描述本发明，本发明的优点和特点将会随着描述而更为清楚。但实施例仅是范例性的，并不对本发明的范围构成任何限制。本领域技术人员应该理解的是，在不偏离本发明的精神和范围下可以对本发明技术方案的细节和形式进行修改或替换，但这些修改和替换均落入本发明的保护范围内。
实施例1 一种用于番茄上的杀虫杀菌剂
各原料组分按质量百分比计：
大蒜素0.4%、嘧霉胺14.8%、吡虫啉14.8%、助剂为脂肪胺聚氧乙烯醚7%、月桂醇硫酸钠4.5%、葡萄糖2%、膨润土加至100%。
将上述各成分应用常规农药加工技术，制成的适合农业上使用的水分散粒剂制品。
实施例2 一种用于番茄上的杀虫杀菌剂
各原料组分按质量百分比计：
大蒜素0.5%、嘧霉胺12.5%、吡虫啉12%、脂肪胺聚氧乙烯醚6%、月桂醇硫酸钠4%、葡萄糖1.5%、膨润土加至100%。
将上述各成分应用常规农药加工技术，制成的适合农业上使用的水分散粒剂制品。
实施例3 一种用于番茄上的杀虫杀菌剂
各原料组分按质量百分比计：
大蒜素0.8%、嘧霉胺24.6%、吡虫啉24.6%、脂肪胺聚氧乙烯醚6%、月桂醇硫酸钠6%、葡萄糖2%、膨润土加至100%。
将上述各成分应用常规农药加工技术，制成的适合农业上使用的水分散粒剂制品。
实施例4 一种用于番茄上的杀虫杀菌剂
各原料组分按质量百分比计：
大蒜素1%、嘧霉胺9.5%、吡虫啉9.5%、脂肪胺聚氧乙烯醚5.5%、月桂醇硫酸钠3%、葡萄糖1.5%、膨润土加至100%。
将上述各成分应用常规农药加工技术，制成的适合农业上使用的水分散粒剂制品。
实施例5 一种用于番茄上的杀虫杀菌剂
各原料组分按质量百分比计：
大蒜素0.2%、嘧霉胺12.9%、吡虫啉13%、脂肪胺聚氧乙烯醚9%、月桂醇硫酸钠5%、葡萄糖1.5%、膨润土加至100%。
将上述各成分应用常规农药加工技术，制成的适合农业上使用的水分散粒剂制品。
试验例1 本发明对番茄灰霉病的防治效果
1、试验方法
试验地点在山东省聊城市，供试作物为番茄，每处理重复4次，每小区双对角线调查5个点，每点调查3株番茄，用分级法记载发病程度，分级标准如下：
0级：无病；
1级：病斑面积占整片叶面积的5%以下；
3级：病斑面积占整片叶面积的6%-10%；
5级：病斑面积占整片叶面积的11%-20%；
7级：病斑面积占整片叶面积的21%-50%；
9级：病斑面积占整片叶面积的50%以上。
2、调查时间和次数
试验共调查4次，药前基数调查，第一次药后7天、第二次7天及药后14天进行调查。
3、药效计算方法
病叶率（%）=病叶数/调查总叶数×100；
病情指数=∑（各级病叶数×相对级数值）/（调查总叶数×9）×100
防治效果（%）=[1-（空白对照区药前病情指数×处理区药后病情指数）/（空白对照区药后病情指数×处理区药前病情指数）] ×100。
4、药害调查方法
施药后连续15d目测药剂对作物是否有药害。
5、试验结果及分析
各处理防治番茄灰霉病的效果如表1所示：
表1 本发明微胶囊悬浮剂对番茄灰霉病的防治效果
试验例2 本发明对番茄蚜虫的防治效果
本发明制备的杀虫杀菌剂对蚜虫的防治效果如表2所示：
表2
Claims (2)
1.一种用于番茄上的杀虫杀菌剂，其特征在于，所述杀虫杀菌剂中各原料组分按质量百分比计：
大蒜素0.4%、嘧霉胺14.8%、吡虫啉14.8%、助剂为脂肪胺聚氧乙烯醚7%、月桂醇硫酸钠4.5%、葡萄糖2%、膨润土加至100%；
所述杀虫杀菌剂用于防治番茄灰霉病和蚜虫；施药时期为灰霉病发病初期或蚜虫幼虫期施药；每年的施药次数为2次。
2.根据权利要求1所述的杀虫杀菌剂，其特征在于，所述杀虫杀菌剂的有效成分用药量为10克/公顷-30克/公顷。
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| CN1461592A (zh) * | 2002-05-26 | 2003-12-17 | 汪建利 | 一种乙蒜素与杀虫杀螨剂组合物 |
| WO2006066810A2 (de) * | 2004-12-20 | 2006-06-29 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur bekämpfung von pilzkrankheiten bei leguminosen |
| CN102318637A (zh) * | 2011-07-29 | 2012-01-18 | 海南正业中农高科股份有限公司 | 含有乙蒜素的杀虫组合物 |
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| CN1461592A (zh) * | 2002-05-26 | 2003-12-17 | 汪建利 | 一种乙蒜素与杀虫杀螨剂组合物 |
| WO2006066810A2 (de) * | 2004-12-20 | 2006-06-29 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur bekämpfung von pilzkrankheiten bei leguminosen |
| CN102318637A (zh) * | 2011-07-29 | 2012-01-18 | 海南正业中农高科股份有限公司 | 含有乙蒜素的杀虫组合物 |
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| 刘永霞 等.新型杀菌剂——嘧霉胺原药的毒性试验.《职业与健康》.2002,第18卷(第3期),第37页. * |
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