CN104393658B - A kind of energy management circuit - Google Patents

A kind of energy management circuit Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104393658B
CN104393658B CN201410655158.2A CN201410655158A CN104393658B CN 104393658 B CN104393658 B CN 104393658B CN 201410655158 A CN201410655158 A CN 201410655158A CN 104393658 B CN104393658 B CN 104393658B
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module
energy
energy storage
energy management
signal
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CN104393658A (en
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马嘉豪
张兆华
刘雄
姚言
任天令
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Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems
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Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0068Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/345Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/10Control circuit supply, e.g. means for supplying power to the control circuit

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of energy management circuit, the energy management circuit includes:Pretreatment module, the first energy storage module, control module, charge management module and the second energy storage module, wherein:Pretreatment module is used to pre-process for the electric signal of input;First energy storage module is used to carry out collection of energy and storage to the electric signal by pretreatment;Control module is used to control the first energy storage module for the power supply break-make of post-module according to the state of the first energy storage module;Energy management module is used for the electric energy for modulating the release of the first energy storage module, to carry out constant charge to the second energy storage module;Second energy storage module is used for the electric energy for storing energy management module input, thinks load supplying.The present invention can be modulated and energy management to all output electric signals, be widely used.

Description

A kind of energy management circuit
Technical field
The present invention relates to micro-nano energy collection technical field of memory, and in particular to a kind of energy management circuit, is a kind of energy Enough complete self-driven novel energy management circuits from control being discontinuously stored in electric signal in energy storage module.
Background technology
Friction generator belongs to another important energy collection technology after relay magnetic generator and piezoelectric generator, its profit With triboelectrification effect and the coupling of electrostatic induction, the mechanical energy of generally existing in surrounding environment is converted into electric energy.According to hair The difference of motor, friction generator is broadly divided into two major classes:Contact separation formula and planer sliding type.Except rotary friction hair Motor is output as sinusoidal wave signal, and the output of other friction generators is ultrashort pulse AC signal.The overwhelming majority rubs The output for wiping generator is respectively provided with a common feature:High voltage low current low-power.
At present, typical friction generator energy management circuit is main by transformer, rectifier bridge, filter capacitor, voltage-stabiliser tube Constituted with electric capacity, but because capacitance is limited, while voltage x current is unstable during electric discharge, this needs perseverance for the overwhelming majority For the commercial electronic equipment for pressing constant current-supplying, actual application is hardly resulted in.In addition, for friction generator High voltage output Voltage reduction method includes electric capacity connection in series-parallel step-down and transformer pressure-reducing method, and both approaches all have the limitation of itself, wherein, Electric capacity connection in series-parallel voltage drop method is limited in that, when be depressured multiplying power it is larger when will use substantial amounts of electric capacity, be not easy to it is integrated, together When electric capacity connection in series-parallel connection need artificial manual switching, therefore this voltage reduction method will hinder the industry of friction generator significantly Change and in the self-driven application from control system;For transformer pressure-reducing method, because the power consumption of transformer is for absolutely mostly Too big, most or even whole energy of friction generator for the number non-rotating friction generator as little as other power of milliwatt Amount will be all lost on the transformer, it is seen that for most friction generators, transformer pressure-reducing method is not applied at all.
The content of the invention
In order to solve that conventional friction generator energy management circuit power consumption is big, it is integrated to be not easy to, can not from control and not The problems such as commercial electronic product really being applied to, circuit, the circuit are managed it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of novel energy Mainly it is made up of chip, to be advantageously integrated, this make it that the industrialization of friction generator has stepped forward major step, while for rubbing The high voltage output of generator is wiped, the present invention takes the mode not being depressured for the consideration of power consumption, and final choice is chargeable Lithium ion battery is used as final energy storage device.During due to lithium ion battery powering load, voltage x current stabilization and capacity Specific capacitance is much bigger, so energy management circuit of the present invention has low-power consumption, it is completely self-driven from controlling, it is easy to integrated and industry The advantage of change.
The present invention proposes a kind of energy management circuit, and the energy management circuit includes:Pretreatment module, the storage of the first energy Storing module, control module, energy management module and the second energy storage module, wherein:
The pretreatment module is used to pre-process for the electric signal of input;
First energy storage module is connected with the pretreatment module, for being carried out to the electric signal by pretreatment Collection of energy and storage;
The control module is connected with first energy storage module, for according to first energy storage module State controls first energy storage module for the power supply break-make of post-module;
The energy management module is connected with the control module, for modulating the first energy storage module release Electric energy, to carry out constant charge to second energy storage module;
Second energy storage module is connected with the energy management module and load, for storing the energy management The electric energy of module input, thinks load supplying.
Wherein, the pretreatment module includes rectification module and/or filtration module, wherein, the rectification module is by many The rectifier bridge that individual diode is constituted, the filtration module includes two electric capacity in parallel.
Wherein, the cycle of the reverse recovery time < electric signal of the diode.
Wherein, the capacity of two electric capacity in the filtration module is different, wherein, the capacity of large bulk capacitance is more than 1 μ F, The capacity of low capacity electric capacity is less than the ratio between 1nF, and capacity of capacity and the low capacity electric capacity of large bulk capacitance >=1000.
Wherein, first energy storage module includes at least one storage capacitor, and the capacitance of the storage capacitor >= 500 μ F, leakage current is less than 10 μ A, and power consumption is less than 10 μ W.
Wherein, when the electric signal of input is high-voltage signal, in the breakdown voltage of the diode, the filtration module Electric capacity and the storage capacitor withstanding voltage >=500V.
Wherein, the control module includes signal control module and switch module, wherein:
The signal control module is used for according to the voltage levels state of first energy storage module to the switch Module exports corresponding control signal;
The switch module is used to control first energy storage module for rear according to received control signal The power supply break-make of continuous module.
Wherein, the signal control module is double hysteresis comparator chips, and the switch module is switch chip, described double The startup power of hysteresis comparator chip and switch chip is respectively less than the power output of storage capacitor.
Wherein, the energy management module at least includes interrupted charging management chip, the interrupted charging management chip Startup power is less than the power output of storage capacitor.
Wherein, second energy storage module is rechargeable lithium ion batteries.
Except friction generator, above-mentioned energy management circuit proposed by the present invention is equally applicable to the energy of piezoelectric generator Management and the collection of solar energy storage, that is to say, that energy management circuit of the present invention both can be to high voltage, low current, low Power electric signal is modulated and energy management, and low-voltage, high current, high power electric signal or other electric signals can also be entered Row modulation and energy management.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structured flowchart of energy management circuit of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the electrical block diagram of energy management circuit according to an embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
For the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention are more clearly understood, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, and reference Accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in more detail.
Fig. 1 is the structured flowchart of energy management circuit of the present invention, as shown in figure 1, the energy management circuit includes:Pre- place Module, the first energy storage module, control module, energy management module and the second energy storage module are managed, wherein:
The pretreatment module is used to pre-process for the electric signal of input, obtains the electric signal by pretreatment;
Wherein, the pretreatment module includes rectification module and/or filtration module, and the rectification module is used for for input Ac signal carry out rectification, obtain DC signal;The filtration module is used to be filtered for input electrical signal, with Filter noise therein.Those skilled in the art will be seen that, when the electric signal of input is ac signal, it is necessary to rectification mould Block carries out rectification processing to ac signal first;But if the electric signal of input is DC signal, without rectification module, Filtration module can be used directly to be filtered for DC signal.
First energy storage module is connected with the pretreatment module, for the electricity exported to the pretreatment module Signal carries out collection of energy and storage;
The control module is connected with first energy storage module, for according to first energy storage module State controls first energy storage module for the power supply break-make of post-module;
The energy management module is connected with the control module, for modulating the first energy storage module release Electric energy, to carry out constant charge to second energy storage module;
Second energy storage module is connected with the energy management module and load, the electricity for finally storing input Can, think that load is powered.
Fig. 2 is the electrical block diagram of energy management circuit according to an embodiment of the invention, in theory, the energy Energy management can be carried out for all electric signals by managing circuit, and it not only can be for sinusoidal electric signals, sawtooth electric signal etc. Common electric signal carries out energy management, can also be carried out for the non-common electric signal such as pulse electrical signal, short pulse electric signal Energy management;Not only energy management can be carried out for low pressure high power signals, can also be carried out for high voltage low power signal Energy management.For convenience's sake, the present embodiment is by taking the high-voltage pulse ac signal that friction generator is exported as an example, for this The energy management circuit of invention is illustrated, but energy management circuit of the present invention is not limited only to this.As shown in Figure 2:
In the present embodiment, the rectification filtering module includes rectification module and filtration module, further, the rectification Module is the rectifier bridge being made up of multiple diodes, such as the rectifier bridge being made up of four diodes D1, D2, D3, D4, specifically Ground, in this embodiment, the first diode D1 positive pole are connected with the 3rd diode D3 negative pole, and node and the friction of generation are sent out One output end of motor is connected;Second diode D2 positive pole is connected with the 4th diode D4 negative pole, the node of generation with Another output end of friction generator is connected, and the first diode D1 negative pole is connected with the second diode D2 negative pole, produces Node be connected with the positive pole of subsequent module, the 3rd diode D3 positive pole is connected with the 4th diode D4 positive pole, generation Node is grounded.Wherein, breakdown voltage >=500V of the diode, the cycle of reverse recovery time < ac signal.Certainly, The rectification module can also use the rectifier bridge module of mass production.The present invention implements form for rectification module Do not make specific restriction, it is all that the protection model of the present invention can be each fallen within to the rectification module that input electrical signal carries out DC rectifier In enclosing.
Wherein, due to the short pulse AC signal that the output signal of most friction generators is high-frequency and high-voltage, therefore High voltage bearing fast recovery diode, such as diode FR607 need to be selected by constituting the diode of the rectifier bridge.The present invention will be above 500V voltage is defined as high pressure;The fast reverse recovery time for referring to used diode is less than triboelectricity The cycle of machine exchange output electric signal, because the cycle of the exchange output electric signal of most of friction generator is several nanoseconds, because This in an embodiment of the present invention, the fast reverse recovery time for referring to used diode is received less than or equal to one Second.
The ac signal of the friction generator output is rectified into pulse direct current telecommunications after the rectification module Number, the pulse direct current electric signal output is given the filtration module by the rectification module.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the filtration module includes two electric capacity C1 and C2 in parallel, wherein, the first electric capacity C1 positive pole is connected with the second electric capacity C2 one end, the first diode D1 and the two or two of the node of formation and the rectification module Pole pipe D2 negative pole is connected, and the first electric capacity C1 negative pole is connected with the second electric capacity C2 other end, the node ground connection of formation.At this It is therefore, described due to the short pulse AC signal that the output signal of most friction generators is high-frequency and high-voltage in embodiment Electric capacity elects high pressure resistant electric capacity as, its withstanding voltage >=500V, is preferably >=1000V.In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the electricity The pressure voltage for holding C1 and C2 is 1000V, goes for the High voltage output of friction generator, while for the filtering ensured Effect, two electric capacity C1 are different with C2 amount of capacity, preferably differ larger, wherein, the capacity of large bulk capacitance is more than 1 μ F, It is mainly used in filtering low-frequency interference signal, the capacity of low capacity electric capacity is less than 1nF, is mainly used in filtering high-frequency signal, and great Rong The ratio between the capacity of amount electric capacity and the capacity of low capacity electric capacity >=1000, such as large bulk capacitance can select model 1000V/10 μ F electric capacity, low capacity electric capacity can select model 1000V/0.1nF electric capacity.
The DC signal of the rectification module output is obtained relatively after the filtering process of the filtration module Smooth electric signal, in order to which the first energy storage module positioned at rear class carries out collection of energy to it.
In an embodiment of the present invention, first energy storage module includes at least one storage capacitor C3, wherein, institute It is the low electric capacity of high pressure resistant vast capacity leakage current low power consumption, specifically, the tolerance of the storage capacitor C3 to state storage capacitor C3 Voltage >=500V, is preferably >=1000V;The μ F of capacitance >=500, are preferably >=1000 μ F, such as can select model 1000V/680 μ F electric capacity;Leakage current is less than 10 μ A (output current of most of friction generator is tens μ A);Power consumption is less than 10 μ W (instantaneous power of most of friction generator is tens μ W).Wherein, the selection of storage capacitor C3 vast capacities is in order at The consideration of its driving force, a core difficult point of friction generator collection of energy is exactly the collection of energy effect of energy collection module Rate is relatively low, so may result in and the use that electric energy is still not enough to drive low-power consumption or even super low-power consumption is can be obtained in the unit interval Electric equipment, and the control module at rear and energy management module are required to certain electric energy and could driven, accordingly, it is capable to measure receipts Collection module has to carry out primary energy storage with the electric capacity of Large Copacity, can run up to enough electric energy, then just may be used To drive follow-up electricity consumption module, that is to say, that the capacity of only storage capacitor is sufficiently large, just can guarantee that enough storing up electricity energy Power, and then guarantee to effectively drive subsequent module work;The high voltage bearing selections of storage capacitor C3 are in order at for friction hair The consideration of motor High voltage output;In view of the efficiency of energy collection of energy management circuit, storage capacitor C3 also needs to have electric leakage The characteristics of stream is small and is lost small.
Certainly, first energy storage module can also use other energy storage devices, and the present invention does not make specific to it Limit, as long as it effectively can collect and store the energy of input electrical signal.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the control module includes signal control module and switch module, wherein:
The signal control module is used for according to the voltage levels state of first energy storage module to the switch Module exports corresponding control signal;
The switch module is used to control first energy storage module for rear according to received control signal The power supply break-make of continuous module.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the signal control module is described to open using double hysteresis comparator chip IC L7665 Close module and use switch chip CD4051, both chips belong to chip commonly used in the art, join for its specific structure Number, the present invention is repeated no more.Certainly, the signal control module and switch module can also use other control devices and derailing switch Part, the present invention is not especially limited to it, as long as it can accurately control the first energy storage module for the confession of post-module Electric break-make.
The control module is to control storage capacitor C3 electric discharges or stop the key component that electric discharge continues electric power storage, such as Fruit without control module, on storage capacitor C3 cannot external any load, as long as because being connected to load, being supported on the unit interval In the electric energy that consumes all will be greater than the electric energy that the first energy storage module is collected into the unit interval, specifically, because big portion The instantaneous output highest of point friction generator only has tens μ W, if load is directly connected into the two of storage capacitor C3 End, because the consumption power of load will reach mW ranks, can thus make it that storage capacitor C3 actually appears net electric discharge.
Wherein, the control signal that the signal control module is sent to the switch module is high level signal or low level Signal, further, the signal control module are selected to the switching molding by detecting the voltage at storage capacitor C3 two ends Block exports high level signal or low level signal, such as, if the voltage at the storage capacitor C3 two ends is examined higher than a threshold value Voltage is surveyed, then the signal control module exports low level signal to the switch module;, whereas if the storage capacitor C3 The voltage at two ends is less than the threshold test voltage, then the signal control module is believed to switch module output high level Number;Specifically, can be by setting its divider resistance R1, R2, threshold test resistance for double hysteresis comparator chip IC L7665 R3 resistance (as shown in Figure 2) sets the threshold test voltage.In an embodiment of the present invention, the threshold test voltage Be set to 5V, i.e., when the voltage at the storage capacitor C3 two ends is more than 5V, double hysteresis comparator chip IC L7665 output end OUT1 exports low level signal, on the contrary, when the voltage at the storage capacitor C3 two ends is less than 5V, double hysteresis comparator chips ICL7665 output end OUT1 output high level signals.
The effect of the switch module is high level signal or low electricity exactly by detect the output of signal control module Ordinary mail number controls the break-make of itself, such as, if what the switch module detected the output of signal control module is low level Signal, then switch module conducting (for switch chip CD4051, as pin 13 connect with pin O/I) entirely energy pipe Manage circuit and be in channel status, so as to realize power supplies of the storage capacitor C3 for subsequent module;If on the contrary, described open What pass module detected the output of signal control module is high level signal, then switch module disconnects, at whole energy management circuit In open-circuit condition, now the storage capacitor C3, which only charges, does not power.
Further, described couple of hysteresis comparator chip IC L7665 and switch chip CD4051 startup power is respectively less than Storage capacitor C3 power output.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the energy management module at least includes interrupted charging management chip.
Because most friction generators are output as discontinuous pulse electrical signal and power output is very low, energy storage Electric capacity C3 both end voltage, which reaches, just starts electric discharge during 5V, and storage capacitor C3 output of the discharge power than friction generator Power is much greater, and the electric discharge that factors above inevitably results in storage capacitor C3 is desultory, accordingly, it would be desirable to for energy storage Electric capacity C3 discharge and recharge is managed.
Interrupted charging management chip is very harsh for the requirement of its minimum condition of work, i.e., must be in operating voltage and work Make electric current all while reaching requirement, and ensure in the case of persistently giving, interrupted charging management chip ability normal work is no Then, interrupted charging management chip can not only work, and can also consume the energy stored by storage capacitor C3 by chip leakage current Totally, therefore the present invention chooses interrupted charging management chip and is managed for the discharge and recharge of the storage capacitor C3, Ji Jiangsuo The electric energy for stating storage capacitor C3 releases is stored again, to ensure for the steady of the second energy storage module charging current It is qualitative.
CN3153 is a kind of single-unit lithium ion battery charging management chip for supporting discontinuously to charge, and it is exclusively for utilization Output current input voltage source limited in one's ability carries out the chip of Charge Management, the power of chip internal to single-unit lithium ion battery Transistor carries out constant current and constant-voltage charge to the battery of chip internal, and charging current can program setting using non-essential resistance, most Continue charging current greatly up to 1A, and choked flow diode and current sense resistor need not be added in addition.Certainly, the energy pipe Other Charge Management devices can also be used by managing module, and the present invention is not especially limited to it, as long as it ensure that for described The stability of second energy storage module charging current.
Further, the startup power of the interrupted charging management chip CN3153 is less than storage capacitor C3 output work Rate.
In addition, in order to ensure interrupted charging management chip CN3153 can normal work, necessary peripheral discrete component is Essential, as shown in Fig. 2 electric capacity C4 is the shunt capacitance of charging management chip power input;In order to ensure charging valve Chip CN3153 normal works are managed, it is necessary to which (BAT ends belong to interrupted charging valve at interrupted charging management chip CN3153 BAT ends A chip CN3153 pin is managed, the pin is used for directly for the charging of subsequent power memory module) to connecting resistance between GND R6 and electric capacity C5;Interrupted charging management chip CN3153 charge condition is observed for convenience simultaneously, respectively in interrupted charging valve Manage chip CN3153 charged state indication endWith charging done state indication endConnection status indicator lamp, The status indicator lamp of such as one red LED and a green LED, and resistance R4 is the current limliting of the two LED state indicator lamps Resistance;At the same time interrupted charging management chip CN3153 can be adjusted for the energy of rear class second by adjusting resistance R5 resistance Measure the charging voltage of storage module.
In an embodiment of the present invention, second energy storage module uses rechargeable lithium ion batteries, described to fill Electric lithium ion battery is used for the electric energy for storing the second energy storage module input, and the direct load to rear class is supplied Electricity.Compared to electric capacity and other kinds of battery, the rechargeable lithium ion batteries possess following characteristics:Energy storage can be stablized and steady Fixed to load supplying, charge maintenance capability specific capacitance is many by force, and energy density is high, pollution-free, and cycle life is high, memoryless effect Should, quick charge etc..Certainly, second energy storage module can also use other energy storage devices, and the present invention is to it It is not especially limited, as long as it can stablize energy storage and stably for load supplying.
To sum up, energy management circuit of the present invention can be entered to all high voltages, low current, low powder pulsed output electric signal Row modulation and energy management, are widely used.
Particular embodiments described above, has been carried out further in detail to the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect Describe in detail it is bright, should be understood that the foregoing is only the present invention specific embodiment, be not intended to limit the invention, it is all Within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements done etc., should be included in the guarantor of the present invention Within the scope of shield.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of energy management circuit, it is characterised in that the energy management circuit includes:Pretreatment module, the first energy storage Module, control module, energy management module and the second energy storage module, wherein:
The pretreatment module is used to pre-process for the electric signal of input;
First energy storage module is connected with the pretreatment module, for carrying out energy to the electric signal by pretreatment Collect and store;First energy storage module includes at least one storage capacitor;
The control module is connected with first energy storage module, for the state according to first energy storage module First energy storage module is controlled for the power supply break-make of post-module, the control module include signal control module and Switch module, the signal control module is used for according to the voltage levels state of first energy storage module to the switch Module exports corresponding control signal, and the switch module is used to control first energy according to received control signal Power supply break-make of the storage module for post-module;Wherein, the post-module is energy management module and the second energy storage Module;
The energy management module is connected with the control module, the electricity for modulating the first energy storage module release Can, to carry out constant charge to second energy storage module;The energy management module at least includes interrupted Charge Management Chip, the startup power of the interrupted charging management chip is less than the power output of storage capacitor;
Second energy storage module is connected with the energy management module and load, for storing the energy management module The electric energy of input, thinks load supplying.
2. energy management circuit according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the pretreatment module includes rectification module And/or filtration module, wherein, the rectification module is the rectifier bridge being made up of multiple diodes, and the filtration module includes two Individual electric capacity in parallel.
3. energy management circuit according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the reverse recovery time < electricity of the diode The cycle of signal.
4. energy management circuit according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the appearance of two electric capacity in the filtration module Amount is different, wherein, the capacity of large bulk capacitance is more than 1 μ F, and the capacity of low capacity electric capacity is less than 1nF, and the appearance of large bulk capacitance The ratio between capacity of amount and low capacity electric capacity >=1000.
5. energy management circuit according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the μ F of the capacitance of the storage capacitor >=500, Leakage current is less than 10 μ A, and power consumption is less than 10 μ W.
6. the energy management circuit according to claim 2 or 4, it is characterised in that when the electric signal of input is high pressure telecommunications Number when, the withstanding voltage of the breakdown voltage of the diode, the electric capacity in the filtration module and the storage capacitor >= 500V。
7. energy management circuit according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the signal control module is that double sluggishnesses compare Device chip, the switch module is switch chip, and the startup power of described pair of hysteresis comparator chip and switch chip is respectively less than The power output of storage capacitor.
8. energy management circuit according to claim 1, it is characterised in that second energy storage module is chargeable Lithium ion battery.
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