CN104389514B - The all-hydraulic top-drive drilling of high speed high pulling torque - Google Patents

The all-hydraulic top-drive drilling of high speed high pulling torque Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104389514B
CN104389514B CN201410649474.9A CN201410649474A CN104389514B CN 104389514 B CN104389514 B CN 104389514B CN 201410649474 A CN201410649474 A CN 201410649474A CN 104389514 B CN104389514 B CN 104389514B
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
hydraulic
chuck
cylinder
seat
oil
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN201410649474.9A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN104389514A (en
Inventor
孙友宏
时元玲
高科
王清岩
岳文斌
耿长伟
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Jilin University
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Jilin University
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Publication of CN104389514A publication Critical patent/CN104389514A/en
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Publication of CN104389514B publication Critical patent/CN104389514B/en
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B3/00—Rotary drilling
    • E21B3/02—Surface drives for rotary drilling
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B19/00—Handling rods, casings, tubes or the like outside the borehole, e.g. in the derrick; Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables
    • E21B19/10—Slips; Spiders ; Catching devices
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B19/00—Handling rods, casings, tubes or the like outside the borehole, e.g. in the derrick; Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables
    • E21B19/16—Connecting or disconnecting pipe couplings or joints
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/02—Surface sealing or packing
    • E21B33/03—Well heads; Setting-up thereof
    • E21B33/06—Blow-out preventers, i.e. apparatus closing around a drill pipe, e.g. annular blow-out preventers

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of all-hydraulic top-drive drilling of high speed high pulling torque, it uses one group of little torque hydraulic motor of high speed to drive, and it is configured with independent multiple disk brake and planetary reducer for each hydraulic motor, make main shaft can operate with high speed high pulling torque, and stop without configuring dish.Its structure from top to bottom by lifting device, main transmission box, swivel assembly, oild chuck, can be formed by folding coaster, wherein lifting device top is directly connected with tourist bus by promoting crossbeam, bottom is directly connected with main transmission box upgrade block, swivel head uses the revolution of Worm Wheel System to drive as main working parts, application electric-hydraulic proportion closed loop control realizes accurate angle location, existing self-locking performance, can simultaneously drive drill string revolution with main shaft again, it is achieved low speed torque increasing operation.

Description

The all-hydraulic top-drive drilling of high speed high pulling torque
Technical field
A kind of top-drive drilling, uses hydraulic power source as power and to have high engine speed range and big torsion Square scope, for can be applicable to Oil/gas Well, mechanical electronic hydraulic integrated that shale gas well, coal bed gas well creep into automatic Change drilling equipment.
Background technology
The 1980s, top-drive drilling came out.Traditional rotating disk driving drillng operation must Must use kelly, existing make a trip dismounting drilling rod time can not drive in time drill string revolution, can not be quick Realize the length limitation round trip drilling depth of circulation of drilling fluid, kelly, automaticity the most high Series of malpractice, thus causes drilling efficiency low, and down-hole accident occurrence probability is big.
Top-drive drilling can use thribble to creep into, making up a joint to creep into and significantly contract relative to rotating disk The subsidiary operation time that short drilling rod is unloaded, can drive drill string, it is ensured that drilling fluid is continuous on arbitrary height Circulation, effectively prevent the generation of the down-hole accident such as bit freezing, bit bouncing, even if down-hole occurs abnormal, it is possible to Process in time.
While meeting drillng operation demand, top-drive drilling be commonly provided with on drilling rod shackle from Dynamicization functional unit, such as back-up tong and pipe-handling mechanical hand etc. so that it is drill string simple and fast of unloading, effectively Reduce labor strength, it is to avoid personal injury occurs.Top drive turns well device and is furnished with blowout prevention in remote control Device and manual inner blowout preventer, can directly be carried out the keying of preventer as required by well head personnel at drilling floor surface Operation, it is possible to by captain's Remote in driller house, on the one hand controls drilling well during drill string of unloading Liquid circulates, and on the other hand can regulate and control down-hole pressure, prevent gas blowout accident from occurring.
Top-drive drilling, as advanced drilling engineering equipment, is paid attention in oil gas equipment field, Through constantly improvement and development, the most extensively apply in Oil-Gas Well Engineering.According to power transmission shape The difference of formula, top-drive drilling has electric drive and the big type of hydraulic-driven two, and electric drive top is driven can Employing has direct current or alternating current generator to drive, and relatively advanced electricity top is driven and used ac variable frequency speed regulation more, and it is main The transmission of electric power is completed by cable to want advantage to be, transmission range is unrestricted, at power In transmitting procedure, power attenuation is less.Its deficiency is the most bulky dimensions of this kind equipment and heavy no matter Using SCR or DBS speed governing, its subsystem all seems complicated loaded down with trivial details, and overall efficiency is low, and not Easily detection and maintenance.
In fact, at the beginning of appearance is driven on electric transmission top, the top of hydraulic transmission and control technology is used to drive design Theory is it has been proposed that due to active service Oil/gas Well rig power configuration many employings diesel generating set, the most whole Stream is also carried out the same period on DC master row, and then uses inverter distribution to each execution unit of rig. It is i.e. one of rig building block of arising at the historic moment under this background that fax top is driven.Even if electric transmission Top is driven, and its automatization's less important work facility the most all use hydraulic drive, and therefore electricity top is driven and also need to be driven this on top Independent hydraulic system is configured, to meet the action request of less important work facility on body.Nowadays, rig moves Power configuration progressively develops to variation, structuring, the direction of rationalization, uses diesel engine directly to drive liquid Press pump constitutes hydraulic power supply and has the technical advantage of low cost, compact conformation, function admirable.Along with The development of modern mechanical-electrical-hydraulic integration technology, the advanced mechanical electronic hydraulic transmission of application controls the all-hydraulic of technique construction Top is driven and is expected to substitute electric transmission top and drives the exemplary apparatus becoming the advanced drilling equipment of a new generation.
Top described in patent CN102037206A, US20090166090A1, CN102373879A is driven all Driving for electric drive top, its Patent CN102037206A uses the planet driving main shaft coaxially arranged with top to subtract Speed machine, reductor quantity is 1, and one or more motor can be used to drive planetary gear, by means of secondary planet Transmission drive shaft turn round, compact conformation but power train is complicated, owing to cannot ensure that planetary reducer inputs Axle and main shaft axiality, need to arrange input radial floating bearing in the structure, of the present invention It is coaxial that planetary reducer output shaft and hydraulic motor and top drive main transmission box pinion shaft, is distributed on little gear On the circumference at axle place, its quantity is identical with the quantity of hydraulic motor and pinion shaft, is 2～4.Specially Top described in profit US20090166090A1 is driven and is driven primary speed-down gear train by motor, and then by rotating speed and torsion Square passes to top and drives main shaft.Described in patent CN102373879A, top is driven without change speed gear box, straight by core motor Connect driving top and drive main shaft gyration, and main shaft is driven on top directly brake by dish assembly of stopping.Above-mentioned several electricity top Driving the auxiliary movement such as spin head, suspension ring inclination is all that hydraulic system realizes, the hydraulic pressure system that electricity top is driven Unite integrated therein, including drive motor, hydraulic pump, the mechanical transmission structure of hydraulic pump, hydraulic oil Case and radiator.It is higher that integrated level is driven on electric drive top, but structure is complicated, and bulky, quality is big.
Hydraulic top drives and drives different from electricity top, and it is real by hydraulic system that main shaft gyration and other auxiliary movements are driven in top Existing, its hydraulic system pumping plant is typically placed in drilling floor surface or earth's surface.Patent CN203321308U, patent Top described in CN201705200U is driven and is hydraulic top and drives, and hydraulic motor and top are driven main shaft and be joined directly together, no By intermediate transmission mechanism such as change speed gear boxes, the moment of torsion of hydraulic motor and rotating speed will be directly delivered to top and drive master On axle, drive mechanism drives similar with electricity top described in patent CN102373879A；For realizing circulation of drilling fluid, Driving motor is the hollow hydraulic motor with hollow output shaft.This type hydraulic top drives driving-chain and simplifies, Transmission efficiency is high, and equipment is simple and reliable, but to drive the hollow low speed of He Gelong that motor is special big for hydraulic top Moment of torsion radial plunger type motor, drives motor poor universality, and cost improves；And there is Top Drive RPM tune Speed scope, the drawback that torque range is little, it is impossible to adapt to multiple drilling technology requirement.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of all-hydraulic top-drive drilling of high speed high pulling torque.
The present invention uses variable high speed little moment of torsion clino-axis type axial plunger piston hydraulic motor to drive, and is subtracted by planet Speed machine and main transmission box reduction of speed increase to be turned round, thus realizes driving drill string to turn round rational moment of torsion and the range of speeds. All-hydraulic top is driven by independent bavin electricity combination drive hydraulic power station as hydraulic oil source, and hydraulic system is main Dynamical element is variable cam-type axial piston hydraulic pump, and auxiliary power element is load-sensitive axial plunger Hydraulic pump.Hydraulic top drives main hydraulic system and uses enclosed volume speed-modulating loop, and miscellaneous function uses load quick Each open circuit that sense banked direction control valves builds.
The present invention is by bearing the lifting device 1 of hook load, main transmission box 12, oild chuck 22, swivel head 19, manually formed with remote control inner blowout preventer 13 and water tap washing pipe 23 parts, the hydraulic pressure invented Top is driven and can be equipped with conventional manual elevator or hydraulic pressure automatic elevator, has complete electrohydraulic control system and lubrication Cooling system.
The lifting device that the all-hydraulic top of high speed high pulling torque is driven carries for bearing hook, the lifting device 1 shown in Fig. 1 Driving coupling between rig tourist bus for realizing pushing up, when creeping into, external load is passed to main shaft 14 by drill string, It is further transferred to casing upgrade block 17 by 42 load of thrust bearing being arranged in main transmission box 12, The lift arm 35 carried for transmitting hook is arranged symmetrically in hydraulic top and drives main transmission box 12 both sides, lower end and case Body upgrade block 17 couples with the 3rd bearing pin 5, and lift arm 35 upper end is with the second bearing pin 4 and lifting transition seat 3 Couple, promote transition seat 3 and couple with the first bearing pin 2 with lifting device 1, wherein the second bearing pin 4 and the Three bearing pins 5 are planar arranged in parallel, and the first bearing pin 2 and the second bearing pin 4 are spatially arranged vertically. Being typically due to push up drive when coaster 15 slides along the top drive guide rail being fixed on boring tower to cause hydraulic top to drive main shaft And the not coaxial error between tourist bus lifting force position, the lifting piece that invention hydraulic top drives in order to avoid Because bending and torsional deflection after bearing heavy duty, this force transferring structure is necessary, in being an up transition Connection at seat 3 is that cross is hinged, and lift arm 35 then remains swing in suitable angular range Degree of freedom.Two balance hydraulic cylinders 7 achieve hydraulic top and drive main shaft and unload the overall floating during drill string, By bouncing function when balance during shackle on the Hydraulic integration control realization of particular design and shackle.Flat In the earrings of weighing apparatus hydraulic cylinder two ends, oscillating bearing is installed so that it is there is rigging error or because outside carries at arm Lotus change keeps good stress during the runout of left and right before and after causing.The power of balance hydraulic cylinder Oil and oil return are to be provided by the corresponding valve block of electro-hydraulic proportional multi-way reversing valve 30.
The all-hydraulic top of high speed high pulling torque shown in Fig. 2 is driven main transmission box 12 input and is followed successively by hydraulic motor 24, motor flange 26 and shaft coupling 25, multiple disk brake 27, planetary reducer 28.Wherein liquid Pressure motor 24 is high speed little moment of torsion variable axial plunger hydraulic motor, and motor flange 26 and shaft coupling 25 can According to selected brake 27, the mounting flange of hydraulic motor 28 and go out Axile connection structure flexible design and adjustment, The quantity of hydraulic motor 24 is usually 2～4, and its main working oil path can realize parallel connection by working connection block 16, Hydraulic motor draining, hydraulic motor Variable Control oil circuit and multiple disk brake oil circuit control are equally In parallel, it is connected to control on draining integrated oil path block 33.The multiple disk brake 27 used Substitute the jaw type dish driven on transmission top to stop, because it is arranged on high speed shaft, therefore can be with the brake force of selection of small Square, multiple disk brake generally use the model of action of spring clamp hydraulic unlock to guarantee reliably to brake, The control mode of multiple disk brake has two kinds, and one is according to input hydraulic motor A mouth and B mouth The change automatic open close of operating pressure, needs in implementation process to connect between hydraulic motor A mouth or B mouth One shuttle valve, then controls shuttle valve oil export and concatenates an air relief valve, so that control-oil pressure meets brake Controlling pressure requirements, this oil circuit control can be attached directly to the control mouth of multiple disk brake；Another kind of control Mode processed jointly controls for first conductive liquid, needs independent control oil sources, and first conductive liquid jointly controls two Plant operator scheme, during first hydraulic motor driven, can extracting solution pressure motor rotating control signal Being controlled brake handling electric-hydraulic proportion pressure reduction type pilot valve pressure, it two is no matter whether hydraulic motor Work, directly applies signal of telecommunication manipulation electric-hydraulic proportion pressure reduction type pilot valve pressure and brake is carried out positive opening behaviour Make.Planetary reducer 28 shown in Fig. 2 and brake 27, hydraulic motor 24 are coaxially arranged, and planet subtracts Speed machine 28 is fixed on top and drives on main transmission box power shaft connection seat, and its output shaft uses internal spline or external splines It is connected with main transmission box pinion shaft 38.
The main transmission box 12 that institute's invention hydraulic top drives hydraulic motor output the most at last is transferred to top and drives main shaft 14, main transmission box is driven the coaxial gear wheel of main shaft 14 40 by 2～4 groups little gears 39 and one with top and constitutes Multipair gear pair, its force-transmitting relation is superposition in parallel.Described little gear 39 is arranged on pinion shaft 38 On, by means of input transition axis 37, pinion shaft can be fitted with all kinds of reductor export structures neatly mutually Should.Main transmission box gear wheel driven by expansion sleeve 41 and top realize between main shaft 14 moment of torsion transmission, its The characteristic skidded under overload situations desirably prevents drilling tool failure or to drive drive mechanism impaired on top, effectively realizes Overload protection.Two pinion shafts being positioned at main transmission box 12 main shaft front are axis, and one is used for driving Dynamic Bidirectional lubricating pump 32, it two is used for driving speed measuring coder 31.
2～4 little gears 39 are used to drive main shaft 14 symmetry relative to top and be uniformly distributed on circumference, The radial force of the most each little gearing gear wheel 40 is driven on top and is obtained balance on main shaft 14, owing to driving Alignment bearing 43 on main shaft 14 is driven on caused top, the radial force of lower alignment bearing 44 is theoretically zero, Then top is driven in main shaft 14 operation process, is subjected only to driving moment and hook carries, to reducing vibration, reducing and make an uproar Sound and the life-span extending main shaft and alignment bearing thereof are very favorable.Base bearing 42 is in fact mounted in On the casing upgrade block assembly 17 of main transmission box, i.e. main transmission box is not subject to hook load, and is designed by split Casing promote cover for seat 17 bear hook carry.Some advantages that arise therefrom is embodied in two aspects: the first is real Having showed hook between drill string and tourist bus and carried the shortest driving-chain of transmission, it two is that main transmission casing is subjected only to drive The reaction torque of drill string, therefore can be designed to light.
All-hydraulic top is driven main transmission box 12 inner teeth wheel set and is used spray lubrication, and lubricating pump 47 provides lubrication Oil and by multiple spot diverter according to required lubrication count and flow is allocated.Input multi-disc disc type system Dynamic device 27, the lubricating oil of planetary reducer 28 is provided by Bidirectional lubricating pump 32, uses multiple spot equally Diverter is allocated.Application allotter residue output port achieve each bearing of main transmission box lubrication and Cooling.Lubricating pump 46 is low pressure huge discharge hydraulic pump, is used for realizing top and drives main transmission box 12 and fluid reservoir The open circulation of whole fluid in the UNICOM flow field constituted between 34, whole flows of open circulation pass through Radiator 11, the lubricating oil after cooling enters fluid reservoir 34, is then supplied to lubricating pump 47 and two-way profit Sliding pump 32.By being arranged on, the choke valve at main transmission box lubricating oil recovery port is laggard becomes owner of unnecessary fluid Transmission case, participates in next one cooling circulation.Before entering casing due to unnecessary fluid, there is back pressure, this back pressure Also being the pressure of lubricating oil in fluid reservoir, its value is 0.2～0.5MPa, and the existence of this pressure makes two-way profit Sliding pump 32 also has good from absorption when low speed, also makes lubricating pump 47 oil suction smooth and easy simultaneously.Concatenation Filter between low pressure huge discharge lubricating pump and radiator achieves the control polluting lubricating oil.
Institute's invention hydraulic top drives the dynamical element using revolution driving 48 as swivel assembly 19.Described Revolution drives and uses Worm Wheel System pattern, is driven by low speed high torque hydraulic motor 49, hydraulic pressure horse Reaching quantity is 2.Big speed ratio acquisition by means of Worm Wheel System is not less than the output of 120kN.m Moment of torsion, and there is self-locking performance.Swivel head 19 shell is high-strength cast steel part, built-in flow groove, seal groove, Use and rotate Glais ring composition multichannel rotary sealing structure.Exterior design has suspension ring 21, hanger and suspension ring Leaning device 20, can bear and carry suitable gravity laod with hook.Swivel head is designed with forging high intensity flow Axle 55, pintle has monoblock type and split type two kinds of structures.Pintle 55 and revolution drive 48 employings High-strength bolt group couples, and is provided with power transmission pin and bears break-out torque.Swivel head entirety uses another Group high strength exploitation is in casing upgrade block 17.Its ultimate bearing capacity is about 1.2～1.5 times that hook carries. Swivel head and pintle realize rotating flow distribution function by built-in hydraulic line 50, by the outside footpath of pintle Connect hard tube mode to joint to realize flow passage and be connected with Electric-hydraulic Proportional Load Sensor banked direction control valves, this control valve It is placed in top to drive on main transmission box body support frame, it is simple to install, safeguard.Swivel head 19 entirety can carry out 360 degree Revolution, under bit freezing, bit bouncing state, can utilize its low-speed big operating characteristic process auxiliary drive the short time Drill string unfreezing.Revolution drives and is provided with encoder on non-motor side end lid, is used for detecting corner, and passes through Electric-hydraulic proportion closed loop control realizes being accurately positioned on arbitrarily angled.Swivel head housing design has back-up tong portion The connection seat of part, uses four pin shaft joint back-up tong stands 53, can the split type back of the body shown in installation diagram 5 Pincers 54, it is also possible to install the chuck mode back-up tong 22 mentioned by the present invention.Back-up tong stand 53 is lifted by back-up tong Hydraulic oil cylinder driving, moves up and down along the casing that is arranged on swivel head, can be used for transit joint, manually successively The upper shackle operation of inner blowout preventer.Back-up tong hoist cylinder uses Bidirectional balanced valve locking, to keep back-up tong to stand Post obtains the working depth being suitable for.
Described remote control preventer assembly is driven two parts to form by remote control preventer and remote control preventer.Described Remote control preventer 13, is mainly used in controlling mud break-make in final drive shaft 14 upper end by thread connection. Described remote control preventer is driven to double hydraulic cylinder guide plate slide block and rotating seat cover and drives, by preventer support, Wash pipe support 74, shutoff oil cylinder 75 form；Left and right two turns off oil cylinder 75 cylinder sleeve and is fixed on punching by bearing pin Pipe holder 74 bottom, turning off the connected slide block of oil cylinder piston can slide in wash pipe support 74 groove, and slide block leads to Cross upper and lower two rollers to be connected with preventer support, turn off oil cylinder 75 and preventer support roller contact, can protect When card preventer support drives main axis with top, preventer support rolls fortune with the roller on cylinder piston rod Dynamic；Left and right two remote control preventer leading trucks are secured by bolts on main transmission casing respectively.Turn off oil cylinder Piston rod stretches out or retracts, and preventer support can be promoted axially to move up and down along preventer, thus drives anti- Spray apparatus rocking bar promotes preventer ball valve to rotate, and opens or closes remote control open flow device.Remote control inner blowout preventer is placed in Main transmission box top, is not subject to hook and carries and main shaft output moment of torsion, be subjected only to mud pressure and the least friction The moment of resistance；Double hydraulic cylinder guide plate slide block and rotating seat cover drive form, use diaphragm accumulator to pass through shuttle Valve realizes bidirectional buffering, and its life-span is greatly improved；Preventer turns off oil cylinder hydraulic oil without through rotation Rotary head assembly flow, hydraulic circuit simplifies.
Described oild chuck 22 is by back-up tong column 53, chuck mandrel 57, split type fixture block 58, guides Wheel 60, stop collar 59, chuck cover for seat 56, spring guide, back-moving spring 61, chuck plunger 62, the back of the body Pincers cylinder sleeve 63, the connection composition such as cylinder seat 64, protective cover 65.Described chuck mandrel 57 top is uniform to be had The groove of five axial distribution, is used for laying five split type fixture blocks 58, and bottom is passed through bolt and couples cylinder seat 64, back-up tong cylinder sleeve 63 is connected as a single entity.Being the face of cylinder inside described split type fixture block 58, outside is circular cone Face step, pincers tooth is fixed in fixture block body by soket head cap screw, and fixture block quantity is five, circumferentially Uniform, angle meets golden section through naturally optimizing, and analyzes and this structure of experimental verification can obtain optimum folder Clamp force square, optimal to the protected effect of tool joint thread；Fixture block uses cushion blocking to adjust height up and down, Cushion blocking material is oil resistant rubber；Change rubber cushion and be suitable for different clamping caliber scope, and holding drill pipe mistake Cheng Zhong, the cushioning effect of rubber cushion can effectively alleviate the pincers tooth damage to body.Described directive wheel 60 and guiding Wheel cover plate is positioned at the top of oild chuck, and five directive wheels are distributed in the groove on position-limiting cover 59 top, guides Wheel 60 and directive wheel cover plate, position-limiting cover 59, by pin shaft joint, directive wheel and drilling rod Structure deformation, are used In righting, guide rod.Described position-limiting cover 59 top is by five uniform bolts and chuck mandrel 57 Being connected, bottom is connected as a single entity with chuck cover for seat 56 by eight uniform spring guides.Described spring guide Coordinate with guide housing hexagonal, and fix its end by split pin；Screw thread and card are passed through in spring guide bottom Dish cover for seat 56 is connected.Described back-moving spring 61 is placed on outside eight uniform spring guides, and two ends are pressed respectively On the shoulder in position-limiting cover 59 and chuck cover for seat 56 hole.Described chuck cover for seat 56 is internal has type conical bench, Match with type conical bench outside fixture block 58, thus cutting ferrule is moved up and down and is converted to fixture block along chuck main shaft Move radially.Described chuck plunger 62 is installed under chuck cover for seat, 12 chuck plungers 62 points It is not installed in 12 chuck plunger cylinder sleeves, it is close that slip is set between chuck plunger and chuck plunger cylinder sleeve Seal.In 12 uniform 12 holes being installed on back-up tong cylinder sleeve 63 of chuck plunger cylinder sleeve circumference.Back-up tong Cylinder sleeve 63 passes through bolt-connection with coupling cylinder seat 64 end face, and its cooperation face arranges sealing ring.Back-up tong cylinder sleeve 63, cylinder seat 64, chuck plunger 62, chuck plunger cylinder sleeve formation single-action hydrocylinder are coupled.Described guarantor Guard shield 65 is bolted on connection cylinder seat 64, for drilling rod guiding, righting.Oild chuck formula Back-up tong hydraulic clamp, spring reset, only with an oil circuit, decrease swiveling head number of channels so that it is knot Structure is simplified.During unloading drilling rod, hydraulic oil enters back-up tong cylinder sleeve 63 and couples what cylinder seat 64 was formed Hydraulic jack inner chamber, act on chuck plunger 62 lower surface, promote and move on chuck plunger 62, thus Promote and move on position-limiting cover 59, it is achieved the fixture block 58 of circumference moves to chuck mandrel 57 center, clamping Drilling rod；When creeping into, back-up tong cylinder sleeve 63 with couple what cylinder seat 64 was formed hydraulic jack chamber not oil-feed, Position-limiting cover 59 moves down under back-moving spring 61 acts on, and fixture block 58 is moved out unclamping along chuck mandrel 57 footpath Drilling rod, it is ensured that drilling rod normally turns round not scratching fixture block.
Described hydraulic top drives its coaster and is made up of coaster support 69, carrying roller 71, guide roller 70. Coaster support arranges and arranges four carrying rollers 71 up and down, and support two sides arrange four groups of guide rollers 70, coaster support dorsal part arranges two longitudinal, parallel long bearing pins 72, in order to be attached to main transmission casing 12. Utilize that bearing pin 72 realizes can folding coaster, make top drive simple in construction, easy installation and removal, drilling process In, one of them bearing pin of dismounting can be opened, top is driven main body and is turned to side and concedes aperture, be replaced by and turn Dish drive or carry out wire line coring operation, the setting of this function be applicable to Science Drilling top drive, rotating disk drive Switching and coring process requirement.Described carrying roller 71 is positioned at coaster support four positions up and down, its Effect is the top-drive drilling reaction torque when drillng operation to be delivered on guide rail.Described four groups Guide roller 70 is positioned at the upper-lower position of coaster support two sides, and often group guide roller is made up of four rolling, It is embedded on the guide plate of top drive guide rail, makes the glide direction of coaster all the time along guide rail direction, it is to avoid coaster is being led Occurs meeting the phenomenon of card when sliding on rail, it is ensured that push up when top-drive drilling moves up and down in derrick Drive main shaft to align with drilling well-head all the time.
Described washing pipe-faucet assembly 23 by top drive upper shaft 83, standard washing pipe assembly 79, washing pipe seat 77, Gooseneck 76 parts such as grade form, and main shaft 14 rear end is driven in flexible connection in top.Upper shaft 83 lower end is driven on described top Being designed with standard drill pipe latching connector screw thread to couple with remote control inner blowout preventer, trapezoidal thread and lower wall are passed through in upper end Root lid 81 is connected, and mentioned screw thread is left-handed.Top is driven upper shaft 83 and is used two row's thrust force aligning rollings The axial load that sub-bearing 82 overcomes mud pressure to cause, is positioned top and drives rear-end of spindle.Described standard is rushed Pipe assembly 79 top is connected with gooseneck；Gooseneck 76 is bolted on washing pipe seat 78；Washing pipe seat 78 use bolt to be arranged on wash pipe support 74；Then washing pipe moment of friction is transmitted by wash pipe support 74 To main transmission box 12, limit the rotational freedom of the non-rotating parts such as gooseneck.By washing pipe assembly The movable sealing of bottom and the static seal on top, it is ensured that drilling fluid normal circulation and must not leaking.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the general assembly drawing of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the main transmission box schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the axial sectional view of main transmission box of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is main transmission box helical gear pair and the lubricating system schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the swivel assembly schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the remote control inner blowout preventer assembly schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the oild chuck schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is that coaster schematic diagram is driven on the top of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is the washing pipe-faucet assembly schematic perspective view of the present invention.
Figure 10 is the washing pipe-faucet assembly half sectional view of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention uses variable high speed little moment of torsion clino-axis type axial plunger piston hydraulic motor to drive, and passes through planet Reductor and main transmission box reduction of speed increase to be turned round, thus realizes driving drill string to turn round rational moment of torsion and the range of speeds. All-hydraulic top is driven by independent bavin electricity combination drive hydraulic power station as hydraulic oil source, and hydraulic system is main Dynamical element is variable cam-type axial piston hydraulic pump, and auxiliary power element is load-sensitive axial plunger Hydraulic pump.Hydraulic top drives main hydraulic system and uses enclosed volume speed-modulating loop, and miscellaneous function uses load quick Each open circuit that sense banked direction control valves builds.
As it is shown in figure 1, the present invention is by bearing the lifting device 1 of hook load, main transmission box 12, hydraulic pressure card Dish 22, swivel head 19, manual and remote control inner blowout preventer 13 and water tap washing pipe 23 parts are formed, Additionally, the hydraulic top invented drives can be equipped with conventional manual elevator or hydraulic pressure automatic elevator, have complete Electrohydraulic control system and lubricating and cooling system.
Lifting device 1 is used for bearing hook and carries, and lifting device 1 is for realizing pushing up the connection driven between rig tourist bus Connecing, when creeping into, external load is passed to main shaft 14 by drill string, by being arranged on the thrust in main transmission box 12 42 load of bearing are further transferred to casing upgrade block 17, for transmitting lift arm 35 symmetry that hook carries Being arranged in hydraulic top and drive main transmission box 12 both sides, lower end couples with the 3rd bearing pin 5 with casing upgrade block 17, Lift arm 35 upper end couples with promoting transition seat 3 with the second bearing pin 4, promotes transition seat 3 and lifting device 1 couples with the first bearing pin 2, and wherein the second bearing pin 4 is planar arranged in parallel with the 3rd bearing pin 5, and first Bearing pin 2 and the second bearing pin 4 are spatially arranged vertically.It is typically due to top and drives coaster 15 along being fixed on boring tower On top drive guide rail can cause that hydraulic top drives between main shaft and tourist bus lifting force position when sliding the most coaxial Error, the lifting piece that invention hydraulic top drives in order to avoid because bending and torsional deflection after bearing heavy duty, This force transferring structure is necessary, is that cross is hinged in being an up the connection at transition seat 3, lift arm 35 In suitable angular range, then remain the degree of freedom of swing.Two balance hydraulic cylinders 7 achieve liquid Bear down on one and drive main shaft and unload the overall floating during drill string, by the Hydraulic integration control realization of particular design Bouncing function when balance during upper shackle and shackle.In the earrings of balance hydraulic cylinder two ends, joint shaft is installed Hold so that it is before and after arm exists rigging error or causes because of external load change during the runout of left and right Keep good stress.The power oil of balance hydraulic cylinder and oil return are by electro-hydraulic proportional multi-way reversing valve The corresponding valve block of 30 provides.
The all-hydraulic top of high speed high pulling torque shown in Fig. 2 is driven main transmission box 12 input and is followed successively by hydraulic motor 24, motor flange 26 and shaft coupling 25, multiple disk brake 27, planetary reducer 28.Wherein liquid Pressure motor 24 is high speed little moment of torsion variable axial plunger hydraulic motor, and motor flange 26 and shaft coupling 25 can According to selected brake 27, the mounting flange of hydraulic motor 28 and go out Axile connection structure flexible design and adjustment, The quantity of hydraulic motor 24 is usually 2～4, and its main working oil path can realize parallel connection by working connection block 16, Hydraulic motor draining, hydraulic motor Variable Control oil circuit and multiple disk brake oil circuit control are equally In parallel, it is connected to control on draining integrated oil path block 33.The multiple disk brake 27 used Substitute the jaw type dish driven on transmission top to stop, because it is arranged on high speed shaft, therefore can be with the brake force of selection of small Square, multiple disk brake generally use the model of action of spring clamp hydraulic unlock to guarantee reliably to brake, The control mode of multiple disk brake has two kinds, and one is according to input hydraulic motor A mouth and B mouth The change automatic open close of operating pressure, needs in implementation process to connect between hydraulic motor A mouth or B mouth One shuttle valve, then controls shuttle valve oil export and concatenates an air relief valve, so that control-oil pressure meets brake Controlling pressure requirements, this oil circuit control can be attached directly to the control mouth of multiple disk brake；Another kind of control Mode processed jointly controls for first conductive liquid, needs independent control oil sources, and first conductive liquid jointly controls two Plant operator scheme, during first hydraulic motor driven, can extracting solution pressure motor rotating control signal Being controlled brake handling electric-hydraulic proportion pressure reduction type pilot valve pressure, it two is no matter whether hydraulic motor Work, directly applies signal of telecommunication manipulation electric-hydraulic proportion pressure reduction type pilot valve pressure and brake is carried out positive opening behaviour Make.Planetary reducer 28 shown in Fig. 2 and brake 27, hydraulic motor 24 are coaxially arranged, and planet subtracts Speed machine 28 is fixed on top and drives on main transmission box power shaft connection seat, and its output shaft uses internal spline or external splines It is connected with main transmission box pinion shaft 38.
As shown in Figure 3, Figure 4, the main transmission box 12 that hydraulic top drives hydraulic motor output the most at last passes Being handed to top and drive main shaft 14, it is coaxial that main transmission box is driven main shaft 14 by 2～4 groups little gears 39 and one and top Gear wheel 40 constitutes multipair gear pair, and its force-transmitting relation is superposition in parallel.Described little gear 39 is installed On pinion shaft 38, by means of input transition axis 37, pinion shaft can neatly with all kinds of reductors Export structure adapts.Main transmission box gear wheel is driven by expansion sleeve 41 and top and realizes between main shaft 14 turning round Square transmits, and its characteristic skidded in the case of an overload desirably prevents drilling tool failure or top is driven drive mechanism and is subject to Damage, effectively achieve overload protection.Two pinion shafts being positioned at main transmission box 12 main shaft front are axis, One is used for driving Bidirectional lubricating pump 32, and it two is used for driving speed measuring coder 31.
As shown in Figure 4, main shaft 14 is symmetrical and cloth equably to use 2～4 little gears 39 to drive relative to top Putting circumferentially, the radial force of the most each little gearing gear wheel 40 is driven on top to obtain on main shaft 14 and is put down Weighing apparatus, the radial force of the upper and lower alignment bearing of main shaft 14 43,44 is driven in theory in the top caused by driving Being zero, then top is driven in main shaft 14 operation process, is subjected only to driving moment and hook carries, reduction is vibrated, The life-span reducing noise and prolongation main shaft and alignment bearing thereof is very favorable.Base bearing 42 is in fact Be arranged on the casing upgrade block assembly 17 of main transmission box, i.e. main transmission box is not subject to hook load, and by dividing The casing of body design promotes cover for seat 17 and bears hook load.Some advantages that arise therefrom is embodied in two aspects: its One is to achieve hook between drill string and tourist bus to carry the shortest driving-chain of transmission, and it two is that main transmission casing only holds The reaction torque of drill string driven, therefore can be designed to light.
All-hydraulic top is driven main transmission box 12 inner teeth wheel set and is used spray lubrication, shown in Fig. 4, lubricating pump 47 There is provided lubricating oil and by multiple spot diverter according to required lubrication count and flow is allocated.Input is many Sheet disk brake 27, the lubricating oil of planetary reducer 28 is provided by Bidirectional lubricating pump 32, equally Multiple spot diverter is used to be allocated.Application allotter residue output port achieves each bearing of main transmission box Lubrication and cooling.Lubricating pump 46 is low pressure huge discharge hydraulic pump, is used for realizing top and drives main transmission box 12 And the open circulation of whole fluid in the UNICOM flow field constituted between fluid reservoir 34, open circulation whole Flow passes through radiator 11, and the lubricating oil after cooling enters fluid reservoir 34, is then supplied to lubricating pump 47 With Bidirectional lubricating pump 32.Unnecessary fluid is by being arranged on the choke valve at main transmission box lubricating oil recovery port Laggard enter main transmission box, participate in the next one cooling circulation.Before entering casing due to unnecessary fluid, there is back pressure, This back pressure is also the pressure of lubricating oil in fluid reservoir, and its value is 0.2～0.5MPa, and the existence of this pressure makes Bidirectional lubricating pump 32 also has good from absorption when low speed, also makes lubricating pump 47 oil suction smooth and easy simultaneously. The filter being serially connected between low pressure huge discharge lubricating pump and radiator achieves the control polluting lubricating oil System.
Revolution is used to drive 48 moving as swivel assembly 19 as it is shown in figure 5, institute's invention hydraulic top drives Power element.Described revolution drives and uses Worm Wheel System pattern, by low speed high torque hydraulic motor 49 Driving, hydraulic motor quantity is 2.Big speed ratio acquisition by means of Worm Wheel System is not less than The output moment of torsion of 120kN.m, and there is self-locking performance.Swivel head 19 shell is high-strength cast steel part, built-in Flow groove, seal groove, use and rotate Glais ring composition multichannel rotary sealing structure.Exterior design hangs Ring 21, hanger and suspension ring leaning device 20, can bear and carry suitable gravity laod with hook.Swivel head designs Having forging high intensity pintle 55, pintle has monoblock type and split type two kinds of structures.Pintle 55 with Revolution drives 48 employing high-strength bolt groups to couple, and is provided with power transmission pin and bears break-out torque.Rotate Head is overall uses another group high strength exploitation in casing upgrade block 17.Its ultimate bearing capacity is about hook 1.2～1.5 times carried.Swivel head and pintle realize rotating flow distribution function by built-in hydraulic line 50, Connect hard tube mode by pintle outer radial joint and realize flow passage and Electric-hydraulic Proportional Load Sensor multichannel Valve connects, and this control valve is placed in top and drives on main transmission box body support frame, it is simple to installs, safeguard.Swivel head is total Become 19 entirety can carry out 360 degree of revolutions, under bit freezing, bit bouncing state, its low speed can be utilized the short time big Moment of torsion operating characteristic process auxiliary drive drill string unfreezing.Revolution drives and is provided with encoder on non-motor side end lid, For detecting corner, and realize being accurately positioned on arbitrarily angled by electric-hydraulic proportion closed loop control.Rotation Rotary head housing design has the connection seat of back-up tong parts, uses four pin shaft joint back-up tong stands 53, Ji Kean The dress split type back-up tong 54 shown in Fig. 5, it is also possible to install the chuck mode back-up tong 22 mentioned by the present invention.The back of the body Pincers stand 53 is driven by back-up tong hoist cylinder, moves up and down along the casing being arranged on swivel head, can be successively Upper shackle for transit joint, manual inner blowout preventer operates.Back-up tong hoist cylinder uses Bidirectional balanced valve Locking, the working depth being suitable for keep back-up tong column to obtain.
Described remote control preventer assembly is driven two parts to form, such as Fig. 6 by remote control preventer and remote control preventer Shown in, described remote control preventer 13, is mainly used in controlling in final drive shaft 14 upper end by thread connection Mud break-make.Described remote control preventer is driven to double hydraulic cylinder guide plate slide block and rotating seat cover drives, by preventing Spray apparatus support, wash pipe support 74, shutoff oil cylinder 75 form；Left and right two turns off oil cylinder 75 cylinder sleeve and passes through pin Axle is fixed on wash pipe support 74 bottom, and turning off the connected slide block of oil cylinder piston can slide in wash pipe support 74 groove Dynamic, slide block is connected with preventer support by upper and lower two rollers, turns off oil cylinder 75 and preventer support roller On contact, it is ensured that when preventer support drives main axis with top, preventer support and cylinder piston rod Roller rolling movement；Left and right two remote control preventer leading trucks are secured by bolts on main transmission casing respectively. Turn off cylinder piston rod stretch out or retract, preventer support can be promoted axially to move up and down along preventer, from And drive preventer rocking bar to promote preventer ball valve to rotate, open or close remote control open flow device.Prevent in remote control Spray apparatus is placed in main transmission box top, is not subject to hook and carries and main shaft exports moment of torsion, is subjected only to mud pressure and very Little frictional resistance moment；Double hydraulic cylinder guide plate slide block and rotating seat cover drive form, use diaphragm type accumulation of energy Device realizes bidirectional buffering by shuttle valve, and its life-span is greatly improved；Preventer turns off oil cylinder hydraulic oil Without rotated head assembly flow, hydraulic circuit simplifies.
As it is shown in fig. 7, described oild chuck formula is by back-up tong column 53, chuck mandrel 57, split type fixture block 58, directive wheel 60, stop collar 59, chuck cover for seat 56, spring guide, back-moving spring 61, chuck post Plug 62, back-up tong cylinder sleeve 63, the connection composition such as cylinder seat 64, protective cover 65.Described chuck mandrel 57 top The uniform groove having five axial distribution, is used for laying five split type fixture blocks 58, bottom by bolt with Couple cylinder seat 64, back-up tong cylinder sleeve 63 is connected as a single entity.It is the face of cylinder inside described split type fixture block 58, outward Side is taper seat step, and pincers tooth is fixed in fixture block body by soket head cap screw, and fixture block quantity is 5, The most uniform, angle meets golden section through naturally optimizing, and analyzes and this structure of experimental verification can obtain Obtain optimum clamping torque, optimal to the protected effect of tool joint thread；Fixture block uses cushion blocking to adjust up and down Whole height, cushion blocking material is oil resistant rubber；Change rubber cushion and be suitable for different clamping caliber scope, and folder During holding drilling rod, the cushioning effect of rubber cushion can effectively alleviate the pincers tooth damage to body.Described directive wheel 60 and directive wheel cover plate be positioned at the top of oild chuck, five directive wheels are distributed in the groove on position-limiting cover 59 top In, directive wheel 60 is rolled with drilling rod by pin shaft joint, directive wheel with directive wheel cover plate, position-limiting cover 59 Contact, for righting, guide rod.Five uniform bolts and chuck are passed through in described position-limiting cover 59 top Mandrel 57 is connected, and bottom is connected as a single entity with chuck cover for seat 56 by eight uniform spring guides.Described Spring guide coordinates with guide housing hexagonal, and fixes its end by split pin；Spring guide bottom is passed through Screw thread is connected with chuck cover for seat 56.Described back-moving spring 61 is placed on outside eight uniform spring guides, and two End is press respectively against on the shoulder in position-limiting cover 59 and chuck cover for seat 56 hole.Described chuck cover for seat 56 is internal to be had Type conical bench, matches with type conical bench outside fixture block 58, thus is moved up and down by cutting ferrule and be converted to fixture block Along moving radially of chuck main shaft.Described chuck plunger 62 is installed under chuck cover for seat, 12 chucks Plunger 62 is respectively arranged in 12 chuck plunger cylinder sleeves, sets between chuck plunger and chuck plunger cylinder sleeve Put sliding ring.12 uniform 12 holes being installed on back-up tong cylinder sleeve 63 of chuck plunger cylinder sleeve circumference In.Back-up tong cylinder sleeve 63 passes through bolt-connection with coupling cylinder seat 64 end face, and its cooperation face arranges sealing ring. Back-up tong cylinder sleeve 63, connection cylinder seat 64, chuck plunger 62, chuck plunger cylinder sleeve form single-action hydrocylinder. Described protective cover 65 is bolted on connection cylinder seat 64, for drilling rod guiding, righting.Hydraulic pressure Chuck mode back-up tong hydraulic clamp, spring reset, only with an oil circuit, decrease swiveling head number of channels, Its structure is made to be simplified.During unloading drilling rod, hydraulic oil enters back-up tong cylinder sleeve 63 and couples cylinder seat 64 institute Formed hydraulic jack inner chamber, act on chuck plunger 62 lower surface, promote and move on chuck plunger 62, Thus promote and move on position-limiting cover 59, it is achieved the fixture block 58 of circumference moves to chuck mandrel 57 center, Clamping drilling rod；When creeping into, back-up tong cylinder sleeve 63 does not enters with coupling what cylinder seat 64 was formed hydraulic jack chamber Oil, position-limiting cover 59 moves down under back-moving spring 61 acts on, and fixture block 58 is moved out along chuck mandrel 57 footpath Unclamp drilling rod, it is ensured that drilling rod normally turns round not scratching fixture block.
As shown in Figure 8, coaster 15 is driven by coaster support 69, carrying roller 71, orienting roll in described top Wheel 70 composition.Coaster support arranges and arranges four carrying rollers 71 up and down, and support two sides arrange four Group guide roller 70, coaster support dorsal part arranges two longitudinal, parallel long bearing pins 72, in order to be attached to main biography Dynamic casing 12.Utilize that bearing pin 72 realizes can folding coaster, make top drive simple in construction, easy installation and removal, In drilling process, one of them bearing pin of dismounting can be opened, top is driven main body and is turned to side and concedes aperture, Be replaced by rotating disk drive or carry out wire line coring operation, the setting of this function be applicable to Science Drilling top drive, Rotating disk drives switching and coring process requirement.Described carrying roller 71 is positioned at four up and down, coaster support Position, its effect is the top-drive drilling reaction torque when drillng operation to be delivered on guide rail. Described four groups of guide rollers 70 are positioned at the upper-lower position of coaster support two sides, and often group guide roller is by four Roller forms, and is embedded on the guide plate of top drive guide rail, makes the glide direction of coaster all the time along guide rail direction, keep away Exempt from coaster occur when slide on rails meet card phenomenon, it is ensured that top-drive drilling in derrick on Lower mobile time top drive main shaft and align with drilling well-head all the time.
As shown in Figure 9 and Figure 10, described washing pipe-faucet assembly is driven upper shaft 83, standard washing pipe group by top The parts compositions such as part 79, washing pipe seat 77, gooseneck 76, main shaft 14 rear end is driven in flexible connection in top.Institute Stating top to drive upper shaft 83 lower end and be designed with standard drill pipe latching connector screw thread and couple with remote control inner blowout preventer, upper end leads to Crossing trapezoidal thread to be connected with lower packing lid 81, mentioned screw thread is left-handed.Top is driven upper shaft 83 and is adopted Overcome, with two row's self-aligning thrust roller bearings 82, the axial load that mud pressure causes, be positioned top and drive main shaft Rear end.Described standard washing pipe assembly 79 top is connected with gooseneck；Gooseneck 76 is bolted to punching On base 78；Washing pipe seat 78 uses bolt to be arranged on wash pipe support 74；Then washing pipe moment of friction It is transferred to main transmission casing 12 by wash pipe support 74, limits the rotation of the non-rotating parts such as gooseneck certainly By spending.Static seal by the movable sealing of washing pipe assembly bottom Yu top, it is ensured that drilling fluid normal circulation and Must not leak.
High speed high pulling torque of the present invention all-hydraulic top-drive drilling everything all has hydraulic-driven Control realization, herein below is one of present hydraulic system specific embodiment.Full liquid of the present invention Bear down on one and drive the enclosed volumetric speed control that its main hydraulic system uses volume adjustable hydraulic pump and variable hydraulic motor to be constituted Loop, the Variable Control mode of volume adjustable hydraulic pump has adoption rate electric magnet directly to control and uses electro-hydraulic ratio Example jointly controls, for requiring that hydraulic power station has to comply with the occasion of certification of explosion protection, volume adjustable hydraulic pump Can use guide's hydraulic control variable mode, the realization of guide's function of hydraulic control may select manual ratio decompression pilot valve Carry out open loop Non-follow control, also include individually using electro-hydraulic proportional reducing valve to realize the automatically controlled variable of open loop, also Including using electric-hydraulic proportion piloted reducer and by means of being arranged at hydraulic pump servo variable displacement control port Pressure transducer realize the closed loop control of hydraulic pump discharge, to obtain the optimum range of speeds, or keep Hydraulic pressure Top Drive RPM is constant, or according to operating mode in drilling technology and well realize all-hydraulic top drive main shaft output turn The Automatic adjusument of speed.The realization of above-mentioned electric control function both can use beyond driller house arrange explosion-proof automatically controlled Hydraulic valve, it is possible to use the conventional electro-hydraulic proportional valve not possessing explosion prevention function to be arranged on the internal realization of driller house Remotely hydraulic control, thus reduce the construction cost of a whole set of hydraulic system.
The high speed little torque hydraulic horse of described high speed high pulling torque its input of all-hydraulic top-drive drilling Reach guide's hydraulic control that variable mode preferably uses decompression type proportional pilot valve to realize, use the decompression of manual operation Formula proportional pilot valve is only capable of realizing opened loop control.Use electro-hydraulic proportional reducing valve can realize the control of long-range open loop hole System, detects and can realize as feedback the closed loop control of hydraulic motor displacement to motor pilot control pressure System, the hydraulic motor being provided with proportion electro-magnet or electrohydraulic proportion variable device then must have certification of explosion protection. Can obtain big output moment of torsion during high speed little moment of torsion variable hydraulic motor discharge capacity maximum, but now rotating speed is Low.Reduce motor displacement, it is possible to achieve high rotating speed, but top is driven main shaft output moment of torsion and declined the most therewith.Warp Analyzing test, the suitable discharge capacity range of accommodation of hydraulic motor is 25%～95%, for close to maximum pump discharge Duty, should take pressure limiting or automatic variable mode to play overload protective function.Due to automatic variable Hydraulic motor is difficult to permanent moment of torsion drillng operation, therefore uses automatic variable hydraulic motor to build all-hydraulic Top-drive drilling needs to go beyond one's commission motor displacement control.
For obtaining the maximum speed of up to 300 turns and being not less than the output moment of torsion of 60kN.m, the height invented The speed all-hydraulic top-drive drilling of high pulling torque can be by 2～4 high speed little moment of torsion variable axial plunger hydraulic pressure Motor, as executive component, concatenates multiple disk brake between hydraulic motor with planetary reducer, for The requirement of speed of mainshaft torque design scope is driven on satisfied top, and planetary reducer can be one or more levels.
Multiple disk brake in high speed high pulling torque all-hydraulic top-drive drilling power shaft parts replaces Dish in driving for existing top is stopped.
The control of high speed high pulling torque all-hydraulic top-drive drilling miscellaneous function is by having certification of explosion protection Electric-hydraulic Proportional Load Sensor multiple directional control valve 30 realize, this valve be usually 7～8 work valve blocks, respectively Plate valve can individually set the control essence of maximum stream flow and each valve port operating pressure and electric-hydraulic proportion electric magnet Degree.Ioad-sensing control can realize top and drive miscellaneous function multi executors and do not interfere with each other action, such as, can meet Remote control inner blowout preventer and balancing cylinder are controlled under back-up tong clamping packing state simultaneously, and swivel head Suspension ring etc. are stretched the most backward while rotating location.Another of miscellaneous function hydraulic control circuit of the present invention Embodiment is to use LUDV electro-hydraulic proportional multi-way valve with the flow saturated characteristic avoiding LS to control.

Claims (1)

1. the all-hydraulic top-drive drilling of high speed high pulling torque, it is characterised in that: it is by bearing hook The lifting device (1) of load, main transmission box (12), oild chuck (22), swivel assembly (19), hands Move and remote control inner blowout preventer assembly (13) and washing pipe-faucet assembly (23) composition,
Lifting device (1) is used for bearing hook and carries, lifting device (1) be used for realizing top drive with rig tourist bus it Between connection, when creeping into, external load is passed to main shaft (14) by drill string, by being arranged on main transmission box (12) Interior thrust bearing (42) is further transferred to casing upgrade block (17) load, for transmitting what hook carried Lift arm (35) is arranged symmetrically in hydraulic top and drives main transmission box (12) both sides, lower end and casing upgrade block (17) Coupling with the 3rd bearing pin (5), lift arm (35) upper end is with the second bearing pin (4) and lifting transition seat (3) Couple, promote transition seat (3) and couple with the first bearing pin (2) with lifting device (1), wherein the second pin Axle (4) is planar arranged in parallel with the 3rd bearing pin (5), the first bearing pin (2) and the second bearing pin (4) Spatially being arranged vertically, the connection promoting transition seat (3) place is that cross is hinged, and lift arm (35) has There is the degree of freedom of swing；Two balance hydraulic cylinders (7) achieve hydraulic top and drive main shaft and unload drill string process In overall floating, oscillating bearing, balance hydraulic cylinder (7) are installed in the earrings of balance hydraulic cylinder (7) two ends Power oil and oil return be by electro-hydraulic proportional multi-way reversing valve (30) corresponding valve block provide；
Main transmission box (12) input is followed successively by hydraulic motor (24), motor flange (26) and shaft coupling (25), multiple disk brake (27) and planetary reducer (28)；Wherein hydraulic motor (24) is high The little moment of torsion variable axial plunger hydraulic motor of speed, motor flange (26) and shaft coupling (25) are according to brake (27) and the mounting flange of hydraulic motor (28) and go out Axile connection structure design and adjust, hydraulic motor (24) Quantity be 2～4, its main working oil path can by working connection block (16) realize parallel connection, hydraulic motor draining, Hydraulic motor Variable Control oil circuit and multiple disk brake oil circuit control are in parallel equally, connect respectively Controlling on draining integrated oil path block (33)；Multiple disk brake (27) is arranged on high speed shaft；
Planetary reducer (28) is coaxially arranged with brake (27) and hydraulic motor (24), planetary reduction gear Machine (28) is fixed on main transmission box (12) power shaft and connects on seat, the output shaft of planetary reducer (28) Internal spline or external splines is used to be connected with main transmission box (12) pinion shaft (38)；
Hydraulic motor output is transferred to top and drives main shaft (14) by main transmission box (12), main transmission box by 2～4 groups of little gears (39) and a gear wheel (40) driving main shaft (14) coaxial with top constitute multipair tooth Wheel set, its force-transmitting relation is superposition in parallel；Described little gear (39) is arranged on pinion shaft (38), By means of input transition axis (37), pinion shaft (38) adapts with all kinds of reductor export structures； Main transmission box (12) gear wheel (40) is driven by expansion sleeve (41) and top and realizes between main shaft (14) turning round Square transmits；Two pinion shafts being positioned at main transmission box (12) main shaft front are axis, and one is used for driving Bidirectional lubricating pump (32), it two is used for driving speed measuring coder (31)；
2～4 little gears (39) are driven main shaft (14) symmetry relative to top and are uniformly distributed on circumference, The radial force of the most each little gear (39) effect gear wheel (40) is driven on top and is obtained balance on main shaft (14), Main shaft (14) upper alignment bearing (43), the footpath of lower alignment bearing (44) are driven in top caused by driving Being theoretically zero to power, then top is driven in main shaft (14) operation process, is subjected only to driving moment and hook carries, It is very favorable to reducing the life-span vibrating, reducing noise and prolongation main shaft and alignment bearing thereof；Base bearing (42) it is arranged on casing upgrade block assembly (17) of main transmission box (12)；
Main transmission box (12) inner teeth wheel set use spray lubrication, lubricating pump (47) provide lubricating oil and by Multiple spot diverter according to required lubrication count and flow is allocated；Input multiple disk brake (27) Thering is provided by Bidirectional lubricating pump (32) with the lubricating oil of planetary reducer (28), same employing multiple spot divides Stream device is allocated；Application allotter residue output port achieves the lubrication of each bearing of main transmission box and cold But；Lubricating pump (46) is low pressure huge discharge hydraulic pump, is used for realizing main transmission box (12) and fluid reservoir (34) Between the open circulation of whole fluid in the UNICOM flow field that constituted, whole flows of open circulation are by heat radiation Device (11), lubricating oil after cooling enters fluid reservoir (34), is then supplied to lubricating pump (47) and two-way Lubricating pump (32)；Unnecessary fluid is laggard by being arranged on the choke valve at main transmission box lubricating oil recovery port Enter main transmission box, participate in next one cooling circulation；Before entering casing due to unnecessary fluid, there is back pressure, this back of the body Pressure is also the pressure of lubricating oil in fluid reservoir, and its value is 0.2～0.5MPa, and the existence of this pressure makes two-way Lubricating pump (32) also has good from absorption when low speed, also makes lubricating pump (47) oil suction smooth and easy simultaneously； The filter being serially connected between low pressure huge discharge lubricating pump and radiator achieves the control polluting lubricating oil System；
Revolution drives (48) as the dynamical element of swivel assembly (19)；Described revolution drives (48) Use Worm Wheel System pattern, driven by low speed high torque hydraulic motor (49), hydraulic motor quantity It it is 2；Big speed ratio acquisition by means of Worm Wheel System is not less than the output moment of torsion of 120kN.m, And there is self-locking performance；Swivel head (19) shell is high-strength cast steel part, built-in flow groove, seal groove, adopts With rotating Glais ring composition multichannel rotary sealing structure；Outside is provided with suspension ring (21), hanger and suspension ring and inclines Tiltedly mechanism (20), can bear and carry suitable gravity laod with hook；Swivel assembly (19) is provided with pintle (55), pintle (55) has monoblock type and split type two kinds of structures；Pintle (55) drives with revolution Dynamic (48) use bolt connections, and are provided with power transmission pin and bear break-out torque；Swivel assembly (19) Another group high strength exploitation of overall employing is in casing upgrade block assembly (17), swivel assembly (19) Ultimate bearing capacity be hook carry 1.2～1.5 times；Rotation swivel assembly (19) is led to pintle (55) Cross built-in hydraulic line (50) and realize rotating flow distribution function, connect by pintle (55) outer radial joint Hard tube mode realizes flow passage and is connected with Electric-hydraulic Proportional Load Sensor banked direction control valves, and this control valve is placed in main transmission On antinose-dive leg；Swivel assembly (19) entirety can carry out 360 ° of revolutions, under bit freezing, bit bouncing state, Its low-speed big operating characteristic process auxiliary drive drill string unfreezing can be utilized the short time；Revolution drives (48) non-horse Reach and encoder is installed on side end cap, be used for detecting corner, and realize in office by electric-hydraulic proportion closed loop control Being accurately positioned in meaning angle；The housing of swivel assembly (19) is provided with the connection seat of back-up tong parts, uses Four pin shaft joint, back-up tong stand (53) is upper installs split type back-up tong (54) or chuck mode back-up tong (22)； Back-up tong stand (53) is driven by back-up tong hoist cylinder, along being arranged on the casing on swivel assembly (19) Lower movement, can be used for the upper shackle operation of transit joint, manual inner blowout preventer successively；Back-up tong hoist cylinder is adopted Lock with Bidirectional balanced valve, the working depth being suitable for keep back-up tong column to obtain；
Described manual and remote control inner blowout preventer assembly (13) is to be driven two by remote control preventer and remote control preventer Part composition；Described manual and remote control inner blowout preventer assembly (13) passes through thread connection in final drive shaft (14) Upper end, is mainly used in controlling mud break-make；Described remote control preventer is driven to double hydraulic cylinder guide plate slide block and rotation Swivel base set drives, and is made up of preventer support, wash pipe support (74) and shutoff oil cylinder (75)；Left and right Two turn off oil cylinder (75) cylinder sleeve is fixed on wash pipe support (74) bottom by bearing pin, turns off oil cylinder piston institute Even slide block can slide in wash pipe support (74) groove, and slide block is connected with preventer support by upper and lower two rollers, Turn off oil cylinder (75) and preventer support roller contact, it is ensured that when preventer support drives main axis with top, Preventer support and the roller rolling movement on cylinder piston rod；Left and right two remote control preventer leading trucks lead to respectively Cross bolt to be fixed on main transmission casing；Turn off cylinder piston rod stretch out or retract, preventer support can be promoted Axially move up and down along preventer, thus drive preventer rocking bar to promote preventer ball valve to rotate, beat and open or close Close remote control open flow device；Remote control inner blowout preventer is placed in main transmission box top, is not subject to hook and carries and main shaft output moment of torsion, It is subjected only to mud pressure and the least frictional resistance moment；Double hydraulic cylinder guide plate slide block and rotating seat cover drive shape Formula, uses diaphragm accumulator to realize bidirectional buffering by shuttle valve, and its life-span is greatly improved；Blowout prevention Device turns off oil cylinder hydraulic oil and simplifies without rotated head assembly flow, hydraulic circuit；
Described oild chuck (22) be by back-up tong column (53), chuck mandrel (57), split type fixture block (58), Directive wheel (60), stop collar (59), chuck cover for seat (56), spring guide, back-moving spring (61), card Dish plunger (62), back-up tong cylinder sleeve (63), connection cylinder seat (64), protective cover (65) composition；Described card The uniform groove having five axial distribution in core axle (57) top, is used for laying five split type fixture blocks (58), Bottom is passed through bolt and couples cylinder seat (64), back-up tong cylinder sleeve (63) is connected as a single entity；Described split type fixture block (58) inner side is the face of cylinder, and outside is taper seat step, and pincers tooth is fixed on card block by soket head cap screw In, fixture block quantity is five, the most uniform, and angle meets golden section through naturally optimizing, analysis and This structure of experimental verification can obtain optimum clamping torque, optimal to the protected effect of tool joint thread；Fixture block Using cushion blocking to adjust height up and down, cushion blocking material is oil resistant rubber；Change rubber cushion and be suitable for different clamping Caliber scope, and during holding drill pipe, the cushioning effect of rubber cushion can effectively alleviate the pincers tooth damage to body； Described directive wheel (60) and directive wheel cover plate are positioned at the top of oild chuck, and five directive wheels are distributed in spacing In the groove on cover (59) top, directive wheel (60) is joined by bearing pin with directive wheel cover plate, position-limiting cover (59) Connecing, directive wheel and drilling rod Structure deformation, for righting, guide rod；Described position-limiting cover (59) top leads to Crossing five uniform bolts to be connected with chuck mandrel (57), eight uniform spring guides and card are passed through in bottom Dish cover for seat (56) is connected as a single entity；Described spring guide coordinates with guide housing hexagonal, and is fixed by split pin Its end；Spring guide bottom is connected with chuck cover for seat (56) by screw thread；Described back-moving spring (61) Being placed on outside eight uniform spring guides, two ends are press respectively against position-limiting cover (59) and chuck cover for seat (56) hole Shoulder on；Described chuck cover for seat (56) is internal has type conical bench, with fixture block (58) outside taper platform Matching in rank, thus is moved up and down by cutting ferrule and be converted to fixture block moving radially along chuck main shaft；Described chuck Plunger (62) is installed under chuck cover for seat, and 12 chuck plungers (62) are respectively arranged in 12 cards In dish plunger cylinder sleeve, between chuck plunger and chuck plunger cylinder sleeve, sliding ring is set；12 chuck posts In uniform 12 holes being installed on back-up tong cylinder sleeve (63) of plug cylinder set circumference；Back-up tong cylinder sleeve (63) with couple Cylinder seat (64) end face passes through bolt-connection, and its cooperation face arranges sealing ring；Back-up tong cylinder sleeve (63), connection Cylinder seat (64), chuck plunger (62), chuck plunger cylinder sleeve form single-action hydrocylinder；Described protective cover (65) it is bolted in connection cylinder seat (64), for drilling rod guiding, righting；Oild chuck formula Back-up tong hydraulic clamp, spring reset, only with an oil circuit, decrease swiveling head number of channels so that it is structure It is simplified；During unloading drilling rod, hydraulic oil enters back-up tong cylinder sleeve (63) and is formed with coupling cylinder seat (64) Hydraulic jack inner chamber, act on chuck plunger (62) lower surface, promote that chuck plunger (62) is upper to be moved, Thus promoting the upper shifting of position-limiting cover (59), it is achieved the fixture block (58) of circumference is in chuck mandrel (57) The heart moves, and clamps drilling rod；When creeping into, back-up tong cylinder sleeve (63) with couple what cylinder seat (64) was formed liquid Compressing cylinder chamber not oil-feed, position-limiting cover (59) moves down under back-moving spring (61) acts on, fixture block (58) edge Chuck mandrel (57) footpath is moved out unclamping drilling rod, it is ensured that drilling rod normally turns round not scratching fixture block；
It is by coaster support (69), carrying roller (71), guide roller (70) group that coaster (15) is driven on top Become；Coaster support (69) arranges and arranges four carryings roller (71), coaster support (69) up and down Two sides arrange four groups of guide rollers (70), and coaster support (69) dorsal part arranges two longitudinally, parallel have strong market potential Axle (72), in order to be attached to main transmission casing (12)；Utilize that bearing pin (72) realizes can folding coaster, Make top drive simple in construction, easy installation and removal, in drilling process, one of them bearing pin of dismounting can be opened, will Top is driven main body and is turned to side and concedes aperture, is replaced by rotating disk and drives or carry out wire line coring operation, this function Setting be applicable to Science Drilling top drive, rotating disk drive switching and coring process requirement；Described carrying roller (71) being positioned at coaster support four positions up and down, its effect is in drilling well by top-drive drilling Reaction torque during operation is delivered on guide rail；Described four groups of guide rollers (70) are positioned at coaster support two sides Upper-lower position, often group guide roller be made up of four rolling, be embedded on the guide plate of top drive guide rail, make coaster Glide direction all the time along guide rail direction, it is to avoid coaster occur when slide on rails meet card phenomenon, it is ensured that When top-drive drilling moves up and down in derrick, top is driven main shaft and is aligned with drilling well-head all the time；
Described washing pipe-faucet assembly (23) is driven upper shaft (83), standard washing pipe assembly (79), punching by top Base (77), gooseneck (76) form, and washing pipe-faucet assembly (23) flexible connection drives main shaft in top (14) rear end；Upper shaft (83) lower end is driven on top, and to be provided with standard drill pipe latching connector screw thread total with remote control inner blowout preventer Becoming (13) to couple, top is driven upper shaft (83) upper end and is connected with lower packing lid (81) by trapezoidal thread, Standard drill pipe latching connector screw thread and trapezoidal thread are left-handed；Top is driven upper shaft (83) and is used two row's thrust force alignings Roller bearing (82) overcomes the axial load that mud pressure causes, and is positioned top and drives main shaft (14) rear end； Described standard washing pipe assembly (79) top is connected with gooseneck (76)；Gooseneck (76) is fixed with bolt On washing pipe seat (78)；Washing pipe seat (78) uses bolt to be arranged on wash pipe support (74)；Washing pipe Moment of friction is transferred to main transmission box (12) by wash pipe support (74), limits turning of gooseneck (76) Dynamic degree of freedom；Static seal by the movable sealing of washing pipe-faucet assembly (23) bottom Yu top, it is ensured that Drilling fluid normal circulation and must not leaking.
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